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nINTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE ORGANIZATION
CHEMISTRY DATA BOOKLET
March 2003
To be used in the teaching and examination ofDiploma Programme chemistry
Valid for examination sessions from May 2003
Chemistry Data BookletFirst published August 2001
Reprinted with minor corrections March 2003
© International Baccalaureate Organization 2001
Organisation du Baccalauréat InternationalRoute des Morillons 15
Grand-Saconnex, GenèveCH-1218
SWITZERLAND
Notes
This booklet cannot be used for paper 1 of the examination (HLP1 and SLP1), but theperiodic table given on page 4 will be available as part of these examination papers. Cleancopies of this booklet must be made available to candidates for papers 2 and 3 (HLP2, HLP3,SLP2 and SLP3).
Contents
1. Some Relevant Equations 2
2. Physical Constants 2
3. Fundamental Particles 2
4. Names of the First 103 Elements 3
5. The Periodic Table 4
6. Melting Points and Boiling Points of the Elements 5
7. First Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity and Electronegativity of the Elements 6
8. Atomic and Ionic Radii of the Elements 7
9. Covalent Bond Lengths 8
10. Average Bond Enthalpies at 298 K 8
11. Organic Compounds—Thermodynamic Data 9
12. Ellingham Diagram 10
13. Enthalpies of Combustion 11
14. Lattice Enthalpies at 298 K (Experimental and Theoretical Values) 12
15. Standard Electrode Potentials 13
16. Strengths of Organic Acids and Bases 14
17. Acid–base Indicators 15
18. Infrared Data 16
19. 1H NMR Data 17
20. 2-amino Acids 18
21. Structural Formulas of Some Important Medicines and Drugs 20
22. Structural Formulas of Some Important Biological Molecules 22
1. Some Relevant Equations
or[ ] [ ] kto
A A e−=[ ][ ]
oln =A
ktA
aERTk Ae−
= ln lnaEk ART
= − +
IlogI
o lc10 = ∈12
0.693tk
=
PV PVT T1 1 2 2
1 2
=G H T S∆ = ∆ − ∆0 0 0
E mc2=E hf=
2. Physical Constants
Avogadro’s constant (L) = 6.02 × 1023 mol-1
Gas constant (R) = 8.31 J K-1 mol-1
Molar volume of an ideal gas at 273 K, 1.01 × 105 Pa = 2.24 × 10-2 m3 mol-1 (22.4 dm3 mol-1)Speed of light in a vacuum (c) = 3.00 × 108 m s-1
Planck constant (h) = 6.63 × 10-34 J sSpecific heat capacity of water = 4.18 kJ kg-1 K-1 ( = 4.18 J g-1 K-1)Ionic product constant for water (Kw) = 1.00 × 10-14 mol2 dm-6 at 298 K(1 atm = 1.01 × 105 Pa)(1 dm3 = 1 litre = 1 × 10-3 m3 = 1 × 103 cm3)
3. Fundamental Particles
9.109534 × 10-31
1.602189 × 10-19
1.674954 × 10-27
0
1.672648 × 10-27
1.602189 × 10-19
Mass/kg
Charge/C
ElectronNeutronProton
2 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
4. Names of the First 103 Elements
804260109328417
102768
46157894841959619188867545374462213414471138167343526581906950227492235470393040
HgMoNdNeNpNiNbN
NoOsOPdPPtPuPoKPrPmPaRaRnReRhRbRuSmScSeSiAgNaSrS
TaTcTeTbTlThTmSnTiWUVXeYbYZnZr
mercurymolybdenumneodymiumneonneptuniumnickelniobiumnitrogennobeliumosmiumoxygenpalladiumphosphorusplatinumplutoniumpoloniumpotassiumpraseodymiumpromethiumprotactiniumradiumradonrheniumrhodiumrubidiumrutheniumsamariumscandiumseleniumsiliconsilversodiumstrontiumsulfurtantalumtechnetiumtelluriumterbiumthalliumthoriumthuliumtintitaniumtungstenuraniumvanadiumxenonytterbiumyttriumzinczirconium
8913955118338556974
835
35485520986
58172427299666996863
1009
8764313279722
671
495377263657
103823
711225
101
AcAlAmSbArAsAtBaBkBeBiBBrCdCsCaCfCCeClCrCoCuCmDyEsErEuFmFFrGdGaGeAuHfHeHoHInIIrFeKrLaLrPbLiLuMgMnMd
actiniumaluminiumamericiumantimonyargonarsenicastatinebariumberkeliumberylliumbismuthboronbrominecadmiumcaesiumcalciumcaliforniumcarbonceriumchlorinechromiumcobaltcoppercuriumdysprosiumeinsteiniumerbiumeuropiumfermiumfluorinefranciumgadoliniumgalliumgermaniumgoldhafniumheliumholmiumhydrogenindiumiodineiridiumironkryptonlanthanumlawrenciumleadlithiumlutetiummagnesiummanganesemendelevium
AtomicNumber
SymbolElementAtomicNumber
SymbolElement
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
5. T
he P
erio
dic
Tab
le
103
Lr
(260
)
102
No
(259
)
101
Md
(258
)
100
Fm (257
)
99 Es
(254
)
98 Cf
(251
)
97 Bk
(247
)
96 Cm
(247
)
95 Am
(243
)
94 Pu (244
)
93 Np
(237
)
92 U23
8.03
91 Pa23
1.04
90 Th
232.
04
‡
71 Lu
174.
97
70 Yb
173.
04
69 Tm
168.
93
68 Er
167.
26
67 Ho
164.
93
66 Dy
162.
50
65 Tb
158.
92
64 Gd
157.
25
63 Eu
151.
96
62 Sm 150.
35
61 Pm 146.
92
60 Nd
144.
24
59 Pr14
0.91
58 Ce
140.
12
†
8
9 ‡
Ac
(227
)
88 Ra
(226
)
87 Fr (223
)
86 Rn
(222
)
85 At
(210
)
84 Po (210
)
83 Bi
208.
98
82 Pb20
7.19
81 Tl
204.
37
80 Hg
200.
59
79 Au
196.
97
78 Pt19
5.09
77 Ir19
2.22
76 Os
190.
21
75 Re
186.
21
74 W18
3.85
73 Ta
180.
95
72 Hf
178.
49
57
†L
a13
8.91
56 Ba
137.
34
55 Cs
132.
91
54 Xe
131.
30
53 I12
6.90
52 Te
127.
60
51 Sb12
1.75
50 Sn11
8.69
49 In11
4.82
48 Cd
112.
40
47 Ag
107.
87
46 Pd10
6.42
45 Rh
102.
91
44 Ru
101.
07
43 Tc
98.9
1
42 Mo
95.9
4
41 Nb
92.9
1
40 Zr
91.2
2
39 Y88
.91
38 Sr 87.6
2
37 Rb
85.4
7
36 Kr
83.8
0
35 Br
79.9
0
34 Se 78.9
6
33 As
74.9
2
32 Ge
72.5
9
31 Ga
69.7
2
30 Zn
65.3
7
29 Cu
63.5
5
28 Ni
58.7
1
27 Co
58.9
3
26 Fe 55.8
5
25 Mn
54.9
4
24 Cr
52.0
0
23 V50
.94
22 Ti
47.9
0
21 Sc 44.9
6
20 Ca
40.0
8
19 K39
.10
18 Ar
39.9
5
17 Cl
35.4
5
16 S32
.06
15 P30
.97
14 Si 28.0
9
13 Al
26.9
8
12 Mg
24.3
1
11 Na
22.9
9
10 Ne
20.1
8
9 F19
.00
8 O16
.00
7 N14
.01
6 C12
.01
5 B10
.81
4 Be
9.01
3 Li
6.94
2 He
4.00
Ato
mic
Num
ber
Ele
men
t
Ato
mic
Mas
s
1 H 1.01
IB D
iplo
ma
Prog
ram
me
Che
mis
try
Dat
a Bo
okle
t, A
ugus
t 200
14
4 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
6. M
eltin
g Po
ints
and
Boi
ling
Poin
ts o
f the
Ele
men
ts
132
0
Ac
3470
97
3
Ra
1413
300
Fr 95
0
202
R
n
211
575
At
610
527 Po 1235
545 Bi
1833
601
Pb 2013
577 Tl
1730
234
Hg
630
1338 Au
3080
204
5
Pt
410
0
2683
Ir 4403
3327
Os
5300
3453 Re
5900
3680
W 5930
326
9 Ta
5698
2503
Hf
5470
119
4 La
3730
98
3
Ba
2023
302
C
s
952
161
Xe
166
387
I 458
723 Te
1263
904
Sb 2023
505 Sn 2543
429
In 2353
594
Cd
1038
1235 Ag
2485
182
5
P
d
341
3
223
9
Rh
4000
25
83
Ru
4173
2445 Tc
5150
289
0
Mo
4885
274
1
N
b
5015
212
5
Zr
4650
1780 Y 3611
104
2
Sr 1657
31
2
Rb
961
117 Kr
121
266
Br
332
490 Se 958
889
As
1211 Ge
3103
303
Ga
2676
693 Zn
1180
1357
Cu
2840
1726 Ni
3005
1768
Co
3143
1808
Fe 3023
1
517
Mn
2235
2
130
Cr
2755
1
973
V 3650
1
933
Ti
3560
1
814
Sc 3104
1112
Ca
1757
33
7
K 1047
84
Ar
87
172
Cl
239
392
S 718
317
P 553
16
83
Si 2628
936
Al
2740
9
22
M
g
1363
371
Na
115
6
25
Ne
27
54
F 85
55
O 90
6
3
N 77
4
100
C
5100
2
573
B 3931
1
551
B
e
3243
454
Li
1600
1
He 4
M.p
t/K
Ele
men
t
B.p
t/K
1
4
H 20
Dip
lom
a Pr
ogra
mm
e: C
hem
istr
y D
ata
Book
let,
Mar
ch 2
003
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 5
7. F
irst
Ioni
zatio
n E
nerg
y, E
lect
ron
Aff
inity
and
Ele
ctro
nega
tivity
of t
he E
lem
ents
669
Ac
1.1
510
Ra
0.9
381
Fr 0.7
104
0
Rn
920
At
2.2
812
Po 2.0
703
Bi
1.9
716
Pb 1.8
590
Tl
1.8
101
0
Hg
1.9
891
Au
2.4
866
Pt 2.2
887
Ir 2.2
841
Os
2.2
762
R
e 1.9
770
W 1.
7
760
T
a1.
5
531
Hf
1.3
540
La
1.1
502
Ba
0.9
376
Cs
0.7
117
0
Xe
1010
-31
4
I 2.5
870
Te
2.1
833
Sb 1.9
707
Sn 1.8
556
In 1.7
866
Cd
1.7
732
Ag
1.9
803
Pd
2.2
745
Rh
2.2
724
Ru
2.2
699
Tc
1.9
694
M
o1.
8
653
Nb
1.6
669
Zr
1.4
636
Y 1.2
548
Sr 1.0
402
Rb
0.8
135
0
Kr
1140
-34
2
Br
2.8
941
Se 2.4
966
As
2.0
762
Ge
1.8
577
Ga
1.6
908
Zn
1.6
745
Cu
1.9
736
Ni
1.8
757
Co
1.8
762
Fe 1.8
716
Mn
1.5
653
Cr
1.6
648
V 1.6
661
Ti
1.5
632
Sc 1.3
590
Ca
1.0
418
K 0.8
152
0
Ar
1260
-36
4
Cl
3.0
1000
-200
(S- +
532)
S 2.5
1060
-70
P 2.1
786
-180
Si 1.8
577
-4
7
Al
1.5
736
Mg
1.2
494
-7
1
Na
0.9
208
0
Ne
1680
-34
8
F 4.0
1310
-142
(O- +
844)
O 3.5
1400
-3
N 3.0
1090
-120
C 2.5
799
-2
9
B 2.0
Ele
men
t
Elec
trone
gativ
ity
900
Be
1.5
519
-5
2
Li
1.0
237
0
He
Elec
tron
affin
ity /
kJ m
ol -1
Firs
t ion
izat
ion
ene
rgy
/ kJ m
ol -1
1310
-72
H 2.1
IB D
iplo
ma
Prog
ram
me
Che
mis
try
Dat
a Bo
okle
t, A
ugus
t 200
16
6 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
8. A
tom
ic a
nd Io
nic
Rad
ii of
the
Ele
men
ts
200
Ac
220
Ra
270
Fr
Rn
140
At
140
Po
170
Bi
120
(3+)
175
Pb12
0 (2
+)
84 (4
+)
171
Tl
95 (3
+)
152
Hg
127
(1+)
110
(2+)
144
Au
137
(1+)
85
(3+)
138
Pt
135
Ir
66 (4
+)
134
Os
67 (4
+)
137
Re
137
W
68 (4
+)
143
Ta
73 (5
+)
157
Hf
81 (4
+)
188
La
115
(3+)
217
Ba
34 (2
+)
262
Cs
167
(1+)
Xe
133
I
219
(1-)
137
Te
222
(2-)
141
Sb
245
(3-)
162
Sn11
2 (2
+)71
(4+)
166
In
81 (3
+)
149
Cd
97 (2
+)
144
Ag
126
(1+)
138
Pd
134
Rh
86 (2
+)
133
Ru
65 (4
+)
135
Tc
136
Mo
68 (4
+)
141
Nb
70 (5
+)
157
Zr
80
(4+)
180
Y
93
(3+)
215
Sr
110
(2+)
244
Rb
148
(1+)
Kr
114
Br
196
(1-)
117
Se
202
(2-)
121
As
222
(3-)
122
Ge
53 (4
+)27
2 (4
-)
141
Ga
62
(3+)
133
Zn
74 (2
+)
128
Cu
96
(1+)
69
(2+)
124
Ni
72
(2+)
125
Co
74 (2
+)
63 (3
+)
126
Fe76
(2+)
6
4 (3
+)
129
Mn
80 (2
+)
60 (4
+)
125
Cr
63
(3+)
131
V 8
8 (2
+)
59
(5+)
146
Ti
90 (2
+)68
(4+)
160
Sc
81
(3+)
197
Ca
94
(2+)
231
K
133
(1+)
Ar
99
Cl
181
(1-)
104
S
190
(2-)
110
P
212
(3-)
11
7 Si
42 (4
+)27
1 (4
-)
143
Al
45 (3
+)
160
Mg
65
(2+)
186
Na
98
(1+)
Ne
58
F
133
(1-)
66
O
146
(2-)
70
N
171
(3-)
77
C
260
(4-)
88
B
16 (3
+)
Ele
men
t
Ioni
cra
dius
/10
-12 m
112
Be
30
(2+)
152
Li
68
(1+)
He
Ato
mic
ra
dius
/ 10
-12 m
30
H 1
54 (1
-)
Dip
lom
a Pr
ogra
mm
e: C
hem
istr
y D
ata
Book
let,
Mar
ch 2
003
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 7
9. Covalent Bond Lengths
0.1090.1460.1010.1420.0960.1350.0920.1280.1410.160
0.1430.1220.1360.1470.1270.1160.1350.1380.1770.1690.1930.214
0.150
C–H Si–H N–H P–H O–H S–H F–H Cl–H Br–H I–H
C–O C=O C–O (in phenol) C–N C=N ChN C–N (in phenylamine) C–F C–Cl C–Cl (in chlorobenzene) C–Br C–I
Si–O
0.0740.1540.1340.1200.1390.2350.1460.1200.1100.2210.1480.1210.2070.1880.1420.1990.2280.267
H–H C–C C=C ChC C–C (in benzene) Si–Si N–N N=N NhN P–P (P4) O–O O=O S–S (S8) S=S F–F Cl–Cl Br–Br I–I
Bond length/nm
BondBond length/nm
Bond
10. Average Bond Enthalpies at 298 K
412318388322463338562431366299
360743305613890484338276238
374
C–H Si–H N–H P–H O–H S–H F–H Cl–H Br–H I–H
C–O C=O C–N C=N ChN C–F C–Cl C–Br C–I
Si–O
436442348612837518226188151163409944172146496264158242193151
H–H D–D C–C C=C ChC C–C (benzene) Si–Si Ge–Ge Sn–Sn N–N N=N NhN P–P O–O O=O S–S F–F Cl–Cl Br–Br I–I
∆H / kJ mol-1 Bond∆H / kJ mol-1 Bond
8 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
11. Organic Compounds—Thermodynamic Data
186230270310348387219267307301296201248279204269173320360345234179203246222163
276
264208314238127282161146219266295129160167
242285105
-51-33-24-16-80
6863726764
20919415227
130125122131214-59-63-72-263
20
-53
52-8099
-162-166-169-175-51
-110-134-152-346-392-245
2837-47
-75-85
-104-125-146-16752201-6
-10227185112-15683495030
148-82
-117-132-36-20-8
141-105-85-3131
-16652
-201-239-235-278-163-116-166-216-409-487-385-481-320-28-49
-333
gggggggggggggglglggggllgllsgllglgglglsgggllslsggs
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C2H4
C3H6
C4H8 C4H8 C4H8
C2H2
C3H4
C4H6 C6H12 C6H6
C6H6
C6H5CH3
C6H5CH2CH3
C6H5CHCH2
CH3ClCH2Cl2
CHCl3
CH3BrCHBr3
CH3ICHI3
C2H5ClC2H5BrC2H5IC2H3ClCH2ClCH2ClC6H5ClCH3OHCH3OHC2H5OHC2H5OHC6H5OHHCHOCH3CHO(CH3)2COHCOOHCH3COOHC6H5COOHCH3COOC2H5
CH3CONH2
CH3NH2
C2H5NH2
CO(NH2)2
methaneethanepropanebutanepentanehexaneethenepropenebut-1-enecis-but-2-enetrans-but-2-eneethynepropynebuta-1,3-dienecyclohexanebenzene benzene methylbenzeneethylbenzenephenylethenechloromethanedichloromethanetrichloromethanebromomethanetribromomethaneiodomethanetriiodomethanechloroethanebromoethaneiodoethanechloroethene1,2-dichloroethanechlorobenzenemethanol methanol ethanol ethanol phenolmethanalethanalpropanonemethanoic acidethanoic acidbenzoic acidethyl ethanoateethanamidemethylamineethylamineurea
S0 / J K-1 mol-1∆Gf0 / kJ mol-1∆Hf
0 / kJ mol-1State FormulaSubstance
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 9
12. Ellingham Diagram
Standard Gibbs free energy changes of formation, ∆G0f , for oxides given per mole of oxygen gas
as a function of temperature.
0
– 200
– 400
– 600
– 800
– 1000
– 1200
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Ag
Hg
C
Pb
Fe
CO
Zn
Cr
Ti
Al
Mg
Ca
Pb
4Ag+O 2Ag Od2
2
2Hg+O 2HgO
d2
2Pb+O 2PbOd2
2Fe+O 2FeOd 2
2Zn+O 2ZnO
d2
Cr+O Cr Od2
232
3–
43–
Al+O Al Od
2
232
3–
43–
2Mg+O 2MgO
d2
2Ca+O 2CaO
d2
Ti+O TiOd
2
2
2C+O 2COd 2
2CO+O 2COd2
2
C
Temperature / K
10 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
f / kJmolG −1∆ 0
2 2C O CO+ →
13. E
ntha
lpie
s of C
ombu
stio
nTh
e va
lues
of t
he m
olar
ent
halp
y of
com
bust
ion
in
the
follo
win
g ta
ble
refe
r to
a te
mpe
ratu
re o
f 298
K a
nd a
pre
ssur
e of
1.0
1 ×
105 P
a (1
atm
).
-201
0-2
673
-405
6-3
727
-306
4-2
727
-561
-116
7-3
520
-178
6-3
078
-413
8-6
512
-263
-876
-322
7-2
46-2
246
-118
2-3
546
-107
2-1
709
-339
7-3
094
-634
-281
6-5
644
1 1 l s s l g l l l l s s l l s s l s s g g l l s s s
C3H
7OH
C4H
9OH
C6H
5CH
2OH
C6H
11O
HC
6H5O
H(C
2H5) 2
OH
CH
OC
H3C
HO
C6H
5CH
O(C
H3) 2
CO
(C2H
5) 2C
OC
H3C
OC 6
H5
(C6H
5) 2C
OH
CO
OH
CH
3CO
OH
C6H
5CO
OH
(CO
OH
) 2C
H3C
OO
C2H
5
CH
3CO
NH
2
C6H
5CO
NH
2
CH
3NH
2
C2H
5NH
2
C6H
5NH
2
C6H
5NO
2
CO
(NH
2) 2C
6H12
O6
C12
H22
O11
prop
an-1
-ol
buta
n-1-
olph
enyl
met
hano
lcy
cloh
exan
olph
enol
etho
xyet
hane
met
hana
let
hana
lbe
nzal
dehy
depr
opan
one
pent
an-3
-one
phen
ylet
hano
nedi
phen
ylm
etha
none
met
hano
ic a
cid
etha
noic
aci
dbe
nzoi
c ac
idet
hane
dioi
c ac
idet
hyl e
than
oate
etha
nam
ide
benz
amid
em
ethy
lam
ine
ethy
lam
ine
phen
ylam
ine
nitro
benz
ene
urea
gluc
ose
sucr
ose
-286
-297
-394
-395
-283
-890
-156
0-2
220
-287
7-3
509
-419
4-5
512
-392
4-1
409
-254
2-1
299
-327
3-3
909
-515
7-7
114
-132
5-1
425
-149
0-3
709
-373
-715
-137
1
g s s s g g g g g g l l l l g g g l l s s g g l l l l
H2
S C C CO
CH
4
C2H
6
C3H
8
C4H
10
C5H
12
C6H
14
C8H
18
C6H
12
C2H
4
C4H
6
C2H
2
C6H
6
C6H
5CH
3
C10
H8
C14
H10
C2H
5Cl
C2H
5Br
C2H
5IC
6H5C
H2C
lC
HC
l 3C
H3O
HC
2H5O
H
hydr
ogen
sulfu
r ca
rbon
(gra
phite
)ca
rbon
(dia
mon
d)ca
rbon
mon
oxid
em
etha
neet
hane
prop
ane
buta
nepe
ntan
ehe
xane
octa
necy
cloh
exan
eet
hene
buta
-1,3
-die
neet
hyne
benz
ene
met
hylb
enze
nena
phth
alen
ean
thra
cene
chlo
roet
hane
brom
oeth
ane
iodo
etha
ne(c
hlor
omet
hyl)b
enze
netri
chlo
rom
etha
nem
etha
nol
etha
nol
/ kJ
mol
-1c
H∆0
Stat
e F
orm
ula
Sub
stan
ce /
kJ m
ol-1
cH∆
0St
ate
For
mul
a S
ubst
ance
IB D
iplo
ma
Prog
ram
me:
Che
mis
try
Dat
a Bo
okle
t, M
arch
200
311
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 11
c(
)H∆
0
14. Lattice Enthalpies at 298 K (Experimental and Theoretical Values)
The lattice enthalpy values given relate to the endothermic processlattice( )H∆ 0
in which the gaseous ions of a crystal are separated to an infinite distance from each other.
Experimental Values The data in these two tables are experimental values obtained by means of a suitable Born–Haber cycle.
744684629609585
800733670647619
846771701675645
1022902801767716
Li Na K Rb Cs
IBrClF
/ kJ mol-1latticeH∆ 0Alkali metal halides
3238296627792643976955905890876640
MgS CaS SrS BaS CuCl AgF AgCl AgBr AgI NH4Cl
2602300624932237211220183889351333103152
CaF2
BeCl2
MgCl2
CaCl2
SrCl2
BaCl2
MgO CaO SrO BaO
/ kJ mol-1latticeH∆ 0Other substances/ kJ mol-1
latticeH∆ 0Other substances
Theoretical Values These two tables contain lattice enthalpies calculated from electrostatic principles on the basis ofa purely ionic model for the crystal.
728686632607582
787732665644611
833766690674636
1004891795761728
Li Na K Rb Cs
IBrClF
/ kJ mol-1latticeH∆ 0Alkali metal halides
870770758736
AgF AgCl AgBr AgI
26113929347732053042
CaF2
MgO CaO SrO BaO
/ kJ mol-1latticeH∆ 0Other substances/ kJ mol-1
latticeH∆ 0Other substances
12 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
MX(s) M (g) X (g)+ −→ +
15. Standard Electrode Potentials
+2.87F-(aq)l½F2 (g) + e- +1.51Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)lMnO4
-(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e-
+1.36Cl-(aq)l½Cl2(g) + e-
+1.332Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l) lCr2O72-(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e-
+1.23H2O(l)l½O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e-
+1.09Br-(aq)l½Br2 (l) + e- +0.80Ag(s)lAg+(aq) + e- +0.77Fe2+(aq)lFe3+(aq) + e- +0.54I-(aq)l½I2(s) + e- +0.52Cu(s)lCu+(aq) + e- +0.402OH-(aq)l½O2(g) + H2O(l) + 2e- +0.34Cu(s)lCu2+(aq) + 2e-
+0.17H2SO3(aq) + H2O(l)lSO42-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e-
+0.15Cu+(s)lCu2+(aq) + e-
0.00½H2(g)lH+(aq) + e-
-0.13Pb(s)lPb2+(aq) + 2e- -0.14Sn(s)lSn2+(aq) + 2e-
-0.23Ni(s)lNi2+(aq) + 2e- -0.44Fe(s)lFe2+(aq) + 2e- -0.76Zn(s)lZn2+(aq) + 2e-
-0.83½H2(g) + OH-(aq)lH2O(l) + e-
-1.18Mn(s) lMn2+(aq) + 2e-
-1.66Al(s)lAl3+(aq) + 3e-
-2.36Mg(s)lMg2+(aq) + 2e-
-2.71Na(s) lNa+(aq) + e-
-2.87Ca(s)lCa2+(aq) + 2e-
-2.92K(s)lK+(aq) + e-
-3.03Li(s)lLi+(aq) + e-
E0 / VOxidized species l Reduced species
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 13
16. Strengths of Organic Acids and Bases
The acid strengths in the following tables are given in terms of pKa values, where pKa = -log10 Ka.The dissociation constant, Ka, values are for aqueous solutions at 298 K. Base strengths are given interms of pKb values.
Carboxylic Acids
3.754.764.874.824.854.865.054.204.31
HCOOHCH3COOHCH3CH2COOHCH3(CH2)2COOH(CH3)2CHCOOHCH3(CH2)3COOH(CH3)3CCOOHC6H5COOHC6H5CH2COOH
methanoic ethanoic propanoic butanoic 2-methylpropanoic pentanoic 2,2-dimethylpropanoic benzoic phenylethanoic
pKa Formula Name
Halogenated Carboxylic Acids
2.861.290.652.662.903.17
CH2ClCOOHCHCl2COOHCCl3COOHCH2FCOOHCH2BrCOOHCH2ICOOH
chloroethanoic dichloroethanoic trichloroethanoic fluoroethanoic bromoethanoic iodoethanoic
pKa Formula Name
Phenols
10.007.218.357.154.010.42
C6H5OHO2NC6H4OHO2NC6H4OHO2NC6H4OH(O2N)2C6H3OH(O2N)3C6H2OH
phenol 2-nitrophenol 3-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol 2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
pKaFormula Name
Alcohols
15.516 (approximately)
CH3OHC2H5OH
methanol ethanol
pKaFormula Name
14 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
Amines
4.753.363.273.284.203.073.369.38
NH3
CH3NH2
CH3CH2NH2
(CH3)2NH(CH3)3N(C2H5)2NH(C2H5)3NC6H5NH2
ammonia methylamine ethylamine dimethylamine trimethylamine diethylamine triethylamine phenylamine
pKbFormula Name
17. Acid–base Indicators
yellowblueblueyellowblueredred
redyellowyellowredyellowyellowcolourless
3.1–4.43.0–4.63.8–5.44.2–6.36.0–7.66.8–8.48.3–10.0
3.74.04.75.17.07.99.3
methyl orange bromophenol blue bromocresol green methyl red bromothymol blue phenol red phenolphthalein
AlkaliAcidpH rangepKa Indicator
Colour change
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 15
18. Infrared Data
Characteristic ranges for infrared absorption due to stretching vibrations in organic molecules.
700 to 800
1000 to 1300
1610 to 1680
1680 to 1750
2070 to 2250
2500 to 3300
2840 to 3095
3230 to 3550
3350 to 3500
halogenoalkanes
alcohols, ethers, esters
alkenes
aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters
alkynes
“hydrogen bonded” in acids
alkanes, alkenes, arenes
“hydrogen bonded” in alcohols, phenols
primary amines
C–Cl
C–O
C=C
C=O
ChC
O–H
C–H
O–H
N–H
Wavenumber / cm-1Organic moleculesBond
16 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
19. 1H NMR DataTypical proton chemical shift values (δ) relative to TMS = 0.(These values can vary slightly in different solvents.)
11.5R C
O
O H
9.7R C
O
H
7.3H
7OH
4.9–5.9RHC CH2
0.5–6.5 (can vary considerably underdifferent conditions)
R O H
4.0–4.2O C
O
CH3
4.1
R O CH3
R C O CH2R
O
3.8R O CH3
3.2–3.7R CH2 Hal
2.6R C C H
2.3CH3
2.1O
C
CH3R
2.0CH3 C
O
OR
2 R3CH1.3R CH2 R
0.9R CH3
Chemical shift/ppmType of proton
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 17
20. 2-amino Acids
6.0H2N CH
CH
COOH
CH3 CH2 CH3
Ileisoleucine
7.6H2N CH COOH
CH2
N
NHHishistidine
6.0H2N CH2 COOHGlyglycine
3.2H2N CH COOH
CH2 CH2 COOHGluglutamic acid
5.7H2N CH COOH
CH2 CH2 C NH2
O
Glnglutamine
5.1H2N CH COOH
CH2 SHCyscysteine
2.8H2N CH COOH
CH2 COOHAspaspartic acid
5.4H2N CH COOH
CH2 C NH2
O
Asnasparagine
10.8H2N CH COOH
CH2 CH2 CH2 NH C NH2
NH
Argarginine
6.0H2N CH COOH
CH3
Alaalanine
pH of isoelectricpoint
Structural formulaSymbolCommon name
18 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
6.0H2N CH COOH
CH CH3CH3
Valvaline
5.7H2N CH COOH
CH2 OHTyrtyrosine
5.9H2N CH COOH
CH2
NH
Trptryptophan
5.6H2N CH COOH
CH OHCH3
Thrthreonine
5.7H2N CH COOH
CH2 OHSerserine
6.3N
COOHHProproline
5.5H2N CH COOH
CH2
Phephenylalanine
5.7H2N CH COOH
CH2 CH2 S CH3
Metmethionine
9.7H2N CH
CH2
COOH
CH2 CH2 CH2 NH2
Lyslysine
6.0H2N CH
CH2
COOH
CH CH3CH3
Leuleucine
pH of isoelectricpoint
Structural formulaSymbolCommon name
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 19
21. Structural Formulas of Some Important Medicines and Drugs
aspirin paracetamol (acetaminophen) ibuprofen
morphine codeine heroin
amphetamine adrenaline caffeine nicotine
penicillin diazepam (valium®) nitrazepam (mogadon®)
20 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
O
COH
CCH3
O
O
CH2
C
C
CH3
H
CH3
COOH
H
CH3
OH
NHCOCH3
OH
N
OH
CH2CH3
O
CH2
N
N
CH3
OCCH3
N
OCCH3
CH2CH3
O
CH2
O
OO
OH
N
OCH3
CH2CH3
O
CH2
R C
O
NH
NO
S
CH3
CH3
C O
OH
N
N N
N
O
O
H3C
CH3
CH3
Cl N
NO
CH3
HO
HO CH
OH
NH CH3CH2CH2
CH3
NH2CH
O2N N
NO
CH3
cocaine acyclovir
cisplatin Lidocaine lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
mescaline
psilocybin
procaine
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
fluoxetine hydrochloride (prozac) indole
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 21
O
F3C
CH2
CH2NH2
+ Cl-
CH3
Pt
Cl
NH3
NH3
Cl
O
O
NCH3
OCH3
N
HN
O
N
N
CH2
O
H2N
CH2CH2
HO
CH3
NH
CH3
C CH2
NCH2H2C
CH3CH3
ON
CH2N
CH3
CH3
CH2
O
NH
CH3
CH3O
CH3O
OCH3
CH2CH2
NH2
O
N
CH2CH2
N+
H
CH3
CH3H
P OO -O
H
NH2 C O CH2CH2 N
CH2CH3
CH2CH3
O
CH3
O CH2
CH2CH2
CH2CH3
OH
H3C
H3C
NH
22. Structural Formulas of Some Important Biological Molecules
lactose sucrose
ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
oestradiol progesterone testosterone
22 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
C
CC
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
OH
C
H2C
H2C
C
C CH3
CH3
H H H H
H2
CH3 CH3 CH3
H H H2
retinol (vitamin A)
O
H
OH
OH
H
H
CH2OH
H
HOO
H
OH
OH
HOH
HH
CH2OH
H
O
H
1
2
1
23
4
OH
H
OH
OH
H
H
CH2OH
HO
H
OH
H1
2
O
O
HOCH2
1 2
3 4CH2OH
H
H
HO
CH3
CH3
CH
HO
H3C CH2
CH2
CH2
CH
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH
HO
H3C CH2
CH2
CH2
CH
CH3
CH2
CH3
C
O
C
C
C
C
CH2OH
HO
HO
H
HO H
O
CH3 OH
HO O
CH3 OH
CH3
CH3 C
H3C
O
O
CH3
cholesterol
vitamin D
adrenaline thyroxine
adenine guanine cytosine uracil thymine
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
The haem group from cytochrome oxidase
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 23
HO
HO CH
OH
CH2 NH CH3
I
HO
I
O
I
I
CH2 CH COOH
NH2
N
CN
C
CC
N
CH
N
O
H
H
H2N
N
CN
CH
CHC
H
O
NH2
N
CN
CH
CHC
H
O
H
O
N
CN
CH
CC
H
O
H
O
CH3N
HCN
C
CC
N
CH
N
NH2
H
O
OHOH
CH2OPOPOP
OOO
O–O–O–
N
N N
N
NH2
O–
Fe
N
N N
N
CH3
CH2CH2
C
H3C
CH2 CH3
CH
CH2HOOC
O
H
CH2
CH2 COOH
CH2
HO
CH2CH
CCH2
CH2
CH
CCH2
CH2
CH
C
CH3
CH3CH3 CH3