InternationalCodeofPractice

forEntertainmentRigging

IndexAcknowledgements..................................................................................................................................1Introduction.............................................................................................................................................2MissionStatement...................................................................................................................................2GenesisandDevelopment.....................................................................................................................3-4InternationalCodeofPracticeforEntertainmentRigging.........................................................................5

1.0 Pre-Installation,PlanningandEngineering.................................................................................51.1 General....................................................................................................................................51.2 Documentation........................................................................................................................51.3 Engineering..........................................................................................................................5-61.4 OnSiteWork............................................................................................................................61.5 RiskAssessmentandManagement.........................................................................................61.6 RescuePlan..........................................................................................................................6-71.7 WeatherRelatedProcedures...................................................................................................7

2.0 DrawingConventions.................................................................................................................82.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................82.2 TitleBlock................................................................................................................................82.3 AllDrawings.........................................................................................................................8-92.4 PointSpecificInformation.......................................................................................................92.5 VenueSpecificDrawings..........................................................................................................9

3.0 EquipmentSelection................................................................................................................103.1 Selection................................................................................................................................103.2 LoadCapacity.........................................................................................................................103.3 RiskManagement..................................................................................................................103.4 Compliance............................................................................................................................103.5 Non-StandardEquipment......................................................................................................103.6 CustomBuiltEquipment........................................................................................................103.7 Traceability............................................................................................................................103.8 Marking..................................................................................................................................103.9 Maintenance..........................................................................................................................103.10 MaintenanceRecords............................................................................................................10

4.0 OnsiteRiggingWork................................................................................................................114.1 TasksandResponsibilities......................................................................................................114.2 PriortotheStartofWork......................................................................................................114.3 Briefings–ToolBoxTalks......................................................................................................114.4 On-GoingSupervision............................................................................................................114.5 SafeWork........................................................................................................................12-134.6 SecondarySuspensions..........................................................................................................13

5.0 LiftingOperations....................................................................................................................145.1 PriortoStartingWorkOnSite...............................................................................................145.2 PreparingtheEquipment.......................................................................................................145.3 AttachingtheLoad.................................................................................................................14

5.0LiftingOperations(continued)5.4 Lifting.....................................................................................................................................155.5 Trimming................................................................................................................................155.6 LoadMonitoring....................................................................................................................155.7 SecuringtheLoadatTrim................................................................................................15-16

6.0 ShowRiggingOperations.........................................................................................................176.1 TasksandResponsibilities......................................................................................................176.2 RiskManagement..................................................................................................................176.3 MethodStatements...............................................................................................................176.4 CommunicationsRequirements............................................................................................176.5 SafetyProtocols...............................................................................................................17-19

7.0 De-RiggingWork......................................................................................................................207.1 TasksandResponsibilities......................................................................................................207.2 PriortotheStartofWork......................................................................................................207.3 Briefings–ToolBoxTalks......................................................................................................207.4 On-GoingSupervision............................................................................................................207.5 SafeWork..............................................................................................................................21

8.0 PostProduction.......................................................................................................................228.1 Reporting...............................................................................................................................228.2 GapTraining...........................................................................................................................22

Glossary............................................................................................................................................23-26AppendixA–DeterminateandIndeterminateRiggingSystems........................................................27-29RegionalComparisonofTermsRegardingStandards..............................................................................30

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InternationalCodeofPracticeforEntertainmentRiggingCopyright2017NickBarnfield,T.J.“Tiny”Good,ChrisHiggs,EdKish,BillSapsis,RoySchilderman,EntertainmentServicesandTechnologyAssociation(ESTA)andProfessionalLightingandSoundAssociation(PLASA).Version1.0.Thisdocumentmaynotbetranslatedwithoutthewrittenpermissionofthecopyrightholders.PrincipalAuthorsNickBarnfield–NewZealandTinyGood–AustraliaChrisHiggs–UnitedKingdomEdKish–UnitedStatesBillSapsis–UnitedStatesRoySchilderman–TheNetherlandsAdministrativeSupportLoriRubinstein–ESTAAdditionaladministrativesupportprovidedbyPLASAandMicheleEnright.AdditionalContributorsandReviewersRinusBakkerSteveBarberDanaBartholomewMarcelBouletRayCalcutt

JRCassidyMartyCohenSimonFrostAndrewGibsonKellyGreen

TomHeemskerkStéphaneMayrandTomMcClainLoriBensonMcCloyJoeMcGeough

MichaelReedJamesRingEricRousePaulRowlandsJeong-SikYoo

Thecopyrightholdersdonotapprove,inspect,orcertifyanyinstallations,procedures,equipmentormaterialsforcompliancewithcodes,recommendedpracticesorstandards.CompliancewiththisCodeofPracticeisthesoleandexclusiveresponsibilityoftheuserandisentirelywithintheircontrolanddiscretion.Anymarkings,identification,orotherclaimsofcompliancedonotconstitutecertificationorapprovalofanytypeornaturewhatsoeverbythecopyrightholders.Thecopyrightholdersneitherguaranteenorwarranttheaccuracyorcompletenessofanyinformationpublishedhereinanddisclaimliabilityforanypersonalinjury,propertyorotherdamageorinjuryofanynaturewhatsoever,whetherspecial,indirect,consequentialorcompensatory,directlyorindirectlyresultingfromthepublication,useof,orrelianceonthisdocument.Inissuinganddistributingthisdocument,thecopyrightholdersdonoteither(a)undertaketorenderprofessionalorotherservicesfororonbehalfofanypersonorentity,or(b)undertakeanydutytoanypersonorentitywithrespecttothisdocumentoritscontents.Anyoneusingthisdocumentshouldrelyonhisorherownindependentjudgmentor,asappropriate,seektheadviceofacompetentprofessionalindeterminingtheexerciseofreasonablecareinanygivencircumstance.

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InternationalCodeofPracticeforEntertainmentRiggingIntroduction

Inresponsetocallsfromtheinternationalentertainmentriggingcommunity,riggingprofessionalsfromaroundtheglobehavevoluntarilycollaboratedtocreatethisInternationalCodeofPracticeforEntertainmentRigging(ICOPER).Recognitionandacceptanceofthisuniversalcodewillhelppromoteregulatoryharmonyandreducepotentialconflictsbetweenregionsaroundtheworld.Theresultingimprovementsincommunicationsandrelationswithregionalandlocalregulatorswillbeparticularlybeneficialtothoseprofessionalsinvolvedininternationalproduction.Acknowledgingthatregulationsandstandardsdifferaroundtheworld,ICOPERisnotprescriptive,ratheritprovidesaseriesofguidelinesthat,iffollowed,willproduceuniformlypredictableresultsandenhancesafepractice.AdoptingandsupportingICOPERthereforebenefitseveryoneinvolvedineventproduction.MissionStatement

ThepurposeoftheInternationalCodeofPracticeforEntertainmentRiggingistopromoteawarenessandsafetyworldwidebyprovidingamodelcodeofpracticewithafocusonarenarigging.Thepracticesdescribedinthecodeareintendedtoprovideauniversalfoundationforthoseengagedinplanning,managingandexecutingrigging.ICOPERalsoprovidesguidelinesforthosewhowishtodeveloppolicy,designtrainingcontentorhelpestablishcertificationcriteria.

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ICOPER–GenesisandDevelopment

Callsfromtheinternationalriggingcommunitytocreateauniformcodeofpracticetoserveriggersinallgeographicareasfirstaroseatthe2010PLASARiggingConference.Manycountrieswerekeentoprofessionalisewhattheydoandwereconcernedwithinternationalparity.Inresponsetothis,theideaofadaptingandapplyinganexistingqualificationsuchastheETCPorNRCtoallgeographicareaswasexploredandfoundtobeimpracticalduetolegislativeandeducationaldifferencesbetweenregions.TheconclusionwasreachedthattheglobalriggingindustrywouldbebestservedbyanInternationalCodeofPractice.In2013MicheleEnrightandLoriRubinsteinfromthePLASASkillsDivisionagreedtoundertaketheadministrativeaspectsofdevelopingthisCodeandassembledagroupofsubjectmatterexperts(SMEs)representingthreedifferentregionsoftheworld:AsiaPacific,EuropeanUnion,andNorthAmerica.Theyalsocontractedwitharesearchfirmtoundertakeatask-basedmappingexerciseofexistingriggingstandardsandcodesofpracticefromsixcountriesaroundtheworld.Thereportissuedfromthisexercisestatedthat“Overall,whiletherewasconsiderableoverlap,thereappearedtobesignificantunevennessinthestandardscoverageacrossthedifferentcountries.Asubstantialandimportantfeaturethatemergedwasthattherewasconsiderablevariationintheweightattachedtocertainelementsoftheriggingprocessbyindividualcountries.Innearlyeverycase,certainelementsofknowledgeandskillsrelatedtoriggingweremissing,orwerenotexplicitlycovered,withindocuments.”TheSMEsdevelopedaproposedcontentoutlineandreceivedfeedbackonitfromattendeesatthePLASARiggingConference.Thechapterswerethendividedupequallyamongthethreeregionstoauthorafirstdraft.Oncearegionhadcompletedtheirdraftitwasforwardedtotheothertworegionsforcomment.Thegroupdiscoveredthat,onceaninitialdraftwascompleted,theirmostproductivewayofworkingwastomeetviaWebExandgothrougheachchapteronalinebylinebasissotheycoulddiscussindetailandagreeonfinalwording.Thegroupmeteveryfourtosixweeksforeighteenmonthsfortwotothreehoursessions,oftenbeginningat6aminSydneyand11pminAmsterdam.TheSMEsalsocompletedextensiveworkbetweenWebExsessions.

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ICOPER–GenesisandDevelopment(continued)

Thegoalfromthestartwastoachieveconsensusonwhattoinclude,whatconstitutesgoodpractice,whatlevelofdetail,andwhatterminology.Inparticular,theSMEsrecognisedthatdifferentregionsusedifferentterminologybut,inagreeingonthefinalwording,thequestiontheycontinuallyaskedthemselveswas“DoIunderstandwhatitmeans?”ItishopedthattheinclusionoftheGlossarywillhelpeveryonetounderstandacommonlanguage.TheSMEswantedtoapproachthedocumentfroma“10,000footpointofview”andagreatdealoftimewasspentinparingdownlongdescriptionsorexplanationstobeasconciseaspossible.Oncetheinitialreviewwascompleted,theentiredocumentwasreviewedagainforconsistencyofpracticeandterminology.AsecondgroupofSMEsfromaroundtheworldwasthenaskedtoreviewthedocumentandsubmittheircomments.TheoriginalSMEsheldseveraladditionalWebExmeetingstodiscusseachcommentreceivedanddeterminewhethertoincorporatethesuggestedchangeintothedocument.CommentsonICOPERarecordiallyinvitedfromtheriggingcommunityandwillbereviewedonaperiodicbasisforinclusioninfutureeditions.Commentsmaybesenttoicoper@esta.org.Weaskyoutokeepinmindthatthisdocumentisintendedtoservetheworldwidecommunity,soreferencestolocallegislationandpractices,etc.,shouldbeappendedtoyourcopyoftheCodebutwillnotbeincludedinthegeneralconsensusdocument.WhenESTAandPLASAendedtheircooperationagreementin2015,administrationoftheICOPERprojectwasundertakenbyESTA.TheBoardsofDirectorsofESTAandPLASAagreedtomakeICOPERelectronicallyavailableatnochargetotheworldwideriggingcommunity.ESTAandPLASAwishtoextendtheirsincerestappreciationtoalltheSMEswhoparticipatedintheprocess,butparticularlytothesixindividualswhogavesounselfishlyoftheirtimeandknowledgetoauthorandrefineICOPERforthebenefitofall:NickBarnfield,TinyGood,ChrisHiggs,EdKish,BillSapsis,andRoySchilderman.

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Sub-Heading Statement

General 1.1 Alltemporaryrigginginstallationsmustbepreplannedbyacompetentperson.

1.1.1 Accuratedrawingsdepictingtheriggingdesignmustbesubmittedtoandapprovedbytheenforcingauthorityandthevenuepriortothecommencementofanysitework.

1.1.2 Theriggingdesignandengineeringmustcomplywithapplicableregulationsandstandards.

1.1.3 Incaseswheretherigginginstallationexceedsorisnotcoveredbypre-determinedlimits,thedesignmustbereviewedandapprovedbyaqualifiedstructuralengineerwithprovenexperienceinentertainmentrigging.

1.1.4 Houseriggingrulesmustbecompliedwithandincorporatedintotheriggingdesign.

1.1.5 Allcriticalsiteconditionsaffectingtheproperexecution,integrityandsafetyoftheinstallationmustbesiteverifiedpriortosubmittingriggingdesigndocumentsforapproval.

Documentation 1.2 Riggingplansanddocumentsmustincludesufficientinformationtoconveythelocation,magnitudeandeffectofallriggingforces.Peakdynamicloadsmustbeidentified.

1.2.1 Whenappropriate,thelocationandloadcapacityofvenueriggingmembersandattachmentpointsmustbeidentifiedandshownintheriggingdesigndocuments.

1.2.2 Thedistributionofloadstosupportingmembersandattachmentpointsmustbeshownintheriggingdesigndocumentsandplans.

1.2.3 Venueobstructionswhichaffecttheproperexecutionoftheriggingdesignmustbeidentifiedandshownintheriggingdocuments.

Engineering 1.3 Allforces,includingdynamicloads,mustbewithinthepre-determinedlimitsofthesupportingstuctureor,innon-conformingcases,approvedbyaqualifiedstructuralengineer.

1.3.1 Pointloadsindicatedonriggingdocumentsmustincludetheself-weightofallequipment,crewandperformers.

1.3.2 Considerationmustbegiventothephysicalnatureofanyloadwithpotentialfordynamicloading(e.g.equipmentcontainingfluids).

1.0Pre-Installation,PlanningandEngineeringIndexNumber

InternationalCodeofPracticeforEntertainmentRigging

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Engineering(continued) 1.3.3 Thebehaviourofdeterminateandindeterminateriggingsystemsmustbeconsideredintheriggingdesign.(SeeAppendixA)

1.3.4 Theeffectsofweathermustbeaccountedforintheriggingdocuments.

OnSiteWork 1.4 Methodsofaccessforworkatheight,fallprotectionsystemsandrescuemustbedesignedbyaqualifiedpersonanddeemedtobeadequatefortheproposedwork.

1.4.1 Crewandequipmentrequirementsmustbedeterminedandagreeduponbyallstakeholderspriortothecommencementofanysitework.

1.4.2 Venueandtemporaryelectricalservicelocationsandcapacitiesmustbeverifiedasadequatefortheproposeddesign.

RiskAssessmentandManagement

1.5 Ariskmanagementplanthatmitigatesriskstoacceptablelevelsmustbeauthorizedbyaqualifiedpersonpriortocommencementofanysitework.

1.5.1 Theplanmustbeapprovedandadoptedbyallstakeholders,includingtheenforcingauthority,priortothecommencementofanysitework.

1.5.2 Theriskassessmentmustspecificallyidentifyandconsidertherisksassociatedwithriggingoperationsandequipmentfailure.

1.5.2.1 Whenassessingriskofequipmentfailure,considerationmustbegiventoredundancyinmulti-point[3ormore]suspensionsystems;accountingforthenumberandloadcapacityofsuspensions.

1.5.3 Theplanmustbecoordinatedwithvenueorotherriskmanagementplans.

1.5.4 Theplanmustclearlyidentifythechainofcommandandindividualresponsibilities.

RescuePlan 1.6 Arescueplanmustbedevelopedanddocumentedpriortocommencementofanysitework.

1.6.1 Theplanmustincludecontactinformationforoutsideemergencyrespondersandmedicalservicesprovidersasagreedbyallstakeholders.

1.6.2 Theplanmustincludethemeansandmethodsforcommunicatingemergencyinformationtoallstakeholders.

1.6.3 Rescuepersonnelmustnotbeexposedtohazardsbeyondtheirtrainingandabilitywhenexecutingtheplan.

1.0Pre-Installation,PlanningandEngineering(continued)

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RescuePlan(continued) 1.6.4 Theplanmustupdatedtoreflectanyonsitechanges.

WeatherRelatedProcedures 1.7 Theemergencyresponseplantotheeffectsofweathershouldinclude:

1.7.1 Appropriateresponsestotheeffectsofweathersuchasrain,wind,snow,floodandotherenvironmentalconditionssuchasseismic,fire,etc.ontherigginginstallation.

1.7.2 Thepotentialeffectsofweatheronindoorriggingsystemsduetohazardssuchasopenfreightdoors.

1.0Pre-Installation,PlanningandEngineering(continued)

8

Introduction 2.1 Allriggingworkmustbecarriedoutinaccordancewithdrawings.

TitleBlock 2.2 ATitleBlockmustbeusedonalldrawingsandincludethefollowinginformation:

2.2.1 Nameoftheeventoract.

2.2.2 Nameofclient.

2.2.3 Nameofvenue.

2.2.4 Venueaddress.

2.2.5 Nameofpersonreponsiblefortheriggingdesign.

2.2.6 Methodfordeterminingweightslistedonplan.

2.2.7 Nameandcontactinformationforthesupervisor.

2.2.8 Nameandcontactinformationofpartyresponsibleforriggingonsite.

2.2.9 Scaleusedonplan.

2.2.10 Drawingnumberanddraftsperson.

2.2.11 Drawingversionnumberanddate.

2.2.12 Drawingstatus(e.g.concept,approved,etc.).

AllDrawings 2.3 Allriggingdrawingsmustindicatethefollowing:

2.3.1 Allriggingpointsmustbeindicatedbyasymbolandauniquealphanumericdesignation.

2.3.2 Akeyorlegendtosymbolsusedondrawings.

2.3.3 Riggingpointsymbolsshouldconveyinformationthatisessentialtotheexecutionoftherigging(e.g.hoisttype,capacity,speed,chainlength,etc.).

2.3.4 Thedatumpoint(i.e.adefinedpositionthatmeasurementsaretakenfrom.)

2.3.5 Forpointlocationpurposes,thedrawingshouldutilizecartesiancoordinateswhichreferencethedatumpoint.Thedatumaxislinesonthedrawingmustbelabeledforclarity.

2.3.6 Unitsofmeasurementusedinassociationwithdimensions,weightsandforcesondrawingsmustbeclearlyidentified.

2.3.7 Ascalebar(i.e.agraphicrepresentationofthescaleused).

2.3.8 Requiredhookheight(i.e.distancefromvenuefloortoupperhook).

2.0DrawingConventions

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AllDrawings(continued) 2.3.9 Locationofelectricalpowersupplyrequiredforariggingsystemincludingvoltage,frequency,singleorthreephase,amperage,andconnection(i.e.fourorfivewireandconnectortype,e.g.

PointSpecificInformation 2.4 Pointspecificinformationmustbeindicatedonthedrawingsorbelistedinasupplementaltableandshouldinclude:

2.4.1 Alphanumericpointdesignation.

2.4.2 Pointlocationrelativetothedatum.

2.4.3 Staticloadofeachpoint.

2.4.4 Peakdynamicloadofeachpoint.

2.4.5 Pointsassociatedwithmovingloads,orloadsthatvary,shouldhavedistinguishingsymbolsorotherwisebeidentified.

2.4.6 Totalstaticweightofallrigging.

VenueSpecificDrawings 2.5 Drawingsthatarespecifictoaparticularvenuemustindicatethefollowing:

2.5.1 Venuestructuralelementsincludingspecificanchorsthatsupporttherigging.

2.5.2 Heightofvenuestructuralsupportelementsabovespecifiedlocation(e.g.heightofbeamabovevenuefloor).

2.5.3 Whenappropriate,capacityofbeamsoranchorsasspecifiedbyfacilityorengineerofrecord.

2.5.4 Overheadobstructionsandhazardsthatarepartofthevenue(e.g.heightofairductabovevenuefloor).

2.5.5 Invenueswhereriggingcanoccurinmultiplelocations,akeyplanshouldbeprovidedtoindicatewhereriggingistotakeplace.

2.0DrawingConventions(continued)

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Selection 3.1 Allequipmentmustbefitforpurposeandcomplywithapplicablestandardsorbeprofessionallyengineeredforitsintendeduse.

3.1.1 Allequipmentmustbeusedinaccordancewiththemanufacturers'instructionsandrecommendations.

LoadCapacity 3.2 The selection process for all equipment must consider the highest anticipated load orcombinationofloads,includingdynamicloads.

RiskManagement 3.3 The equipment selection process must take into account all forseeable hazards to which theequipmentmaybesubject.

Compliance 3.4 Allequipmentselectedmustcomplywithapplicableregulationsand/orstandards.

Non-StandardEquipment 3.5 In the absence of manufacturers' load ratings and specifications, or applicable regulationsand/orstandards, aqualifiedpersonmust reviewandapprove theselectionof equipment for itsintended use to ensure safety. Non-standard equipment must be provided with necessarymarkingsanddocumentationtoensuresafeuse.

CustomBuiltEquipment 3.6 All custombuiltequipmentselected foraproject must be reviewedand approvedby aqualifiedperson.Custombuiltequipment must be providedwith necessarymarkings anddocumentationtoensuresafeuse.

Traceability 3.7 Allequipmentmustbeidentifiableandtraceabletothemanufacturer.

Marking 3.8 All equipment must be marked to indicate compliance with applicable regulations and/orstandards.

Maintenance 3.9 All equipment must have current compliancewith maintenance schedules per manufacturers'requirementsandapplicable regulations and/orstandards at itstimeof use andfor thedurationoftheevent.

MaintenanceRecords 3.10 Maintenancerecordsforequipmentmustbereadilyavailableatthetimeofselectionandforthedurationoftheevent.

3.0EquipmentSelection

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TasksandResponsibilities 4.1

4.1.1 Achainofcommandmustbeestablishedandclearlyunderstoodbyallcrew.

4.1.2 Thetasksandresponsibilitiesofeachcrewmembermustbeclearlydefinedanddocumented.

PriortotheStartofWork 4.2

4.2.1 Creworientationmusttakeplacepriortothestartofwork.

4.2.2 Supervisorsmustverifyworkingconditionsandidentifynewhazards.

4.2.3 Confirmthatallcrewhavevalidlicences/permitsforthetaskstheywillundertakeasrequired.

Briefings-ToolBoxTalks 4.3 Atoolboxtalkmustbeheldforeveryworkshiftandaddressthefollowing:

4.3.1 Generalworkplacesafetyandhousekeeping.

4.3.2 Identifyhazards,includinganyspecificproductionhazards,andexplainhowtomanagethem.

4.3.3 Identifysupervisors,crewandspecifictasks.

4.3.4 Communicatehowtheworkistobeaccomplished.

4.3.5 Communicatethescheduleandendofshiftgoalsandhandoverprocedures.

4.3.6 Checkthatallcrewhavepersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)appropriatetothetasks.

4.3.7 Coordinationrequiredbetweenteams.

4.3.8 Overviewofdrawingsandconventions.

4.3.9 Overviewofcommunicationandradiouse.

4.3.10 Emergencyproceduresincludingrescue.

4.3.11 Malfunctioning or faulty equipment should be clearly marked and quarantined.

On-GoingSupervision 4.4

4.4.1 Supervisorsmustmonitorchangingcircumstancesandconditions,andtakeappropriateactionwhenneeded.

4.4.2 Supervisorsmustmonitorthephysicalandmentalconditionoftheircrew.

4.4.3 Supervisorsmustcompensateforandreportdeviationsfromtheriggingplanorschedule.

4.0OnSiteRiggingWork

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SafeWork 4.5

4.5.1 Allcrewmust:

4.5.1.1 Visuallycheckequipmentforpropercondition.

4.5.1.2 Malfunctioning or faulty equipment should be clearly marked and quarantined.

4.5.1.3 Ensureclearcommunicationswithcrew.

4.5.1.4 Monitortheenvironmentforchangesandnewhazards,andreactaccordingly.

4.5.1.5 Wearpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)asinstructed.

4.5.1.6 Verifysafeconditionofworkateachstagebeforeproceeding.

4.5.2 Leadriggersmust:

4.5.2.1 Communicateinstallationmethodologywithcrew.

4.5.2.2 Verifytheintegrityoftheriggingconnectionsandtheaccuracyofpointlocations.

4.5.3 Groundriggersmust:

4.5.3.1 Safeguardthegroundareabelowtheriggers.

4.5.3.2 Checktheintegrityandcorrectconfigurationofriggingassemblybeforetyingin.

4.5.3.3 Guidetheriggingassemblyasitispulledup.

4.5.4 Upriggersmust:

4.5.4.1 Visuallychecktheirfallprotectionsystemsbeforeuse.

4.5.4.2 Verifytheintegrityoftheriggingconnectionsandcommunicatewhenthepointisreadytobeloaded.

4.5.5 Personsresponsibleforriggingpowermust:

4.5.5.1 Verifythepowersupplyisappropriatefortheequipmentbeingused.

4.5.5.2 Checkallelectricalconnectionsforproperfunctioning,directionofmotorrotation,andrepairorchangeequipmentasnecessary.

4.5.5.3 Monitorhoistconnections,cables,multicores,etc.,accordingtothecableplan.

4.5.6 Trusscrewmust:

4.5.6.1 Assembletrussesaccordingtothetrussplanandmanufacturers'instructions.

4.5.6.2 Useconnectinghardwareaccordingtomanufacturers'instructions.

4.0OnsiteRiggingWork(continued)

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SecondarySuspensions 4.6

4.6.1 Secondarysuspensionsshouldbeavoidedifpossibleandtheriggingdesignshouldfavorredundancy.

4.6.2 Secondarysuspensions,ifrequired,shouldbeinstalled(attheirupperandlowerattachments)suchthattimespentworkingatheightisreducedtotheminimumpossiblewhileemployingthemostappropriatemeansofaccess.

4.0OnsiteRiggingWork(continued)

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PriortoStartingWorkOnSite 5.1 Planning,tasksandresponsibilitiesinclude:

5.1.1 Operationsmustbeplannedandcoordinated.

5.1.2 Planningmusttakeintoaccountapplicablelocalregulationsand/orstandardsaswellasbestpractices.

5.1.3 Thecapacityoftheriggingsystem,thenatureoftheload,itsweight,andanycharacteristicsthatmayaffectitssafehandlingmustbecommunicatedinthepre-operationbriefing.

5.1.4 Crewinvolvedintheliftingoperationsmustbebriefedaboutthecommunicationmethodstobeused.

5.1.5 Thecommunicationssystemdesignmustallowanyoneintheimmediateareatostoptheliftingoperation.

PreparingtheEquipment 5.2

5.2.1 Allcomponentsmustbevisuallycheckedbyacompetentpersoneachtimetheyareattachedtoorremovedfromaload.

5.2.2 Theintegrityofthesystemmustbevisuallycheckedpriortoeveryliftand/orseriesofliftingoperations.

5.2.3 Thecapacityoftheequipmentmustmeetorexceedthedesignspecificationintheliftingplan.

5.2.4 Equipmentmustbetaggedormarkedasrequiredbyapplicableregulationsandstandards.

5.2.5 Anyitemofequipmentfoundtobedefective,orsuspectedofbeingdefective,mustberemovedfromserviceandquarantinedordisposedofimmediatelytopreventfurtheruse.

AttachingtheLoad 5.3

5.3.1 Theloadmustbeattachedtotheequipmentinamannerthatwillnotallowdamagetotheloadortheequipment.

5.3.2 Themethodofattachmentmustnotcreateforcesthatexceedtheworkingloadlimit(WLL)oftheequipmentorcompromisetheintegrityoftheload.Slinganglefactorsmustbeconsidered.

5.3.3 Themethodofattachmentmustpreventslidingorshiftingoftheload.

5.3.4 Theloadmustbeattachedtotheequipmentinaccordancewithmanufacturer'sspecifications.

5.3.5 Ifcomponentscouldunintentionallylooseninusetheymustbesecured,e.g."mousing"shackles.

5.0LiftingOperations

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Lifting 5.4

5.4.1 Theliftingplan,ororderoflifts,istobeunderstoodandadheredtoatalltimes.

5.4.2 Supervisorandoperatormustperformavisualcheckofthesystemandflightpath.

5.4.3 Providespottersasnecessarytoensureeffectivevisualmonitoringofthemovingload.

5.4.4 Allliftingoperationsmustbesupervisedbyacompetentperson.

5.4.5 Theloadonthesystemmustbeappliedorremovedgraduallyinacontrolledmanner.

5.4.6 Theintegrityofthesystemmustbeverifiedafterinitial"floating"ofload.

5.4.7 Stoptheloadbeforelandingittoensurethelandingzoneisclear.

Trimming 5.5

5.5.1 Allobjectsmustbepositionedattrimheightaccordingtotheliftingplan.

5.5.2 Methodoftrimmingmustensureappropriateloadsharing.

5.5.3 Methodoftrimmingmustavoidrepeateddynamicloading.

LoadMonitoring 5.6

5.6.1 Theuseofloadmonitoringequipmentisrecommended.

5.6.2 Theuseofloadmonitoringequipmentishighlyrecommendedwhenperformingamulti-pointliftorwhendynamicloadsareinvolved.

SecuringtheLoadatTrim 5.7

5.7.1 Allriggingsystemsmustensurethesafetyofperformers,crewandpatronsintheeventofequipmentfailure,withoutcompromisingthestructuralintegrityofthebuilding.Considerationmustbegiventoredundancyofmulti-point[3ormore]suspensions;accountingforthenumberandloadcapacityofsuspensions.

5.7.2 Checkrequirementsforsecondarysuspensionstoensurecompliancewithapplicableregulationsandstandards.

5.7.3 Noticemustbeplacedatthecontrolpointofaliftingsystemwhensecondarysuspensionsareused.

5.7.4 Secondarysuspensionsmusthavecapacityequaltoorgreaterthantheprimarysuspension.

5.0LiftingOperations(continued)

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SecuringtheLoadatTrim(continued)

5.7.5 Secondarysuspensionsmustbetauttoavoidshockloading.

5.7.6 Wherepossible,secondarysuspensionsshouldbeattachedtoasupportingstructureindependentoftheprimarysuspension.

5.0LiftingOperations(continued)

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TasksandResponsibilities 6.1 Thesupervisormustcoordinatewithalldepartmentstoensuresafeoperations.

6.1.1 Achainofcommandmustbeestablishedandclearlyunderstoodbyallcrew.

6.1.2 Thetasksandresponsibilitiesofeachcrewmembermustbeclearlydefinedanddocumented.

6.1.3 Asystemmustbeinplacethatgiveseachcrewmembertheauthoritytoperformorhaltactivitiesintheirareaofcontrol.

RiskManagement 6.2 Ariskassessmentmustbecarriedoutandariskmanagementplanpreparedforeachtaskintheshowoperation.

6.2.1 Ariskassessmentmustconsiderthecast,crew,venuestaff,andaudience.

MethodStatements 6.3 Amethodstatementmustbeproducedforeachtaskintheshowoperationtoincludehandlingofshowstopsandemergencyproceduressuchasrescues.

CommunicationsRequirements

6.4 Thecommunicationsprotocolandsystemsmustbedesignedtoensuresafetyandsmoothshowoperations:

6.4.1 Thecommunicationssystemmustaccommodatethespecifictaskstobeperformed.

6.4.2 Thecommunicationssystemmustbecapableofallowingspecificteamstoworkindependentlyofthemainproduction.

6.4.3 Aclearlydefinedcommunicationsvocabularymustbeestablishedtoensuresafeoperationsinthevicinityofmovingloadsorperformers.

SafetyProtocols 6.5

6.5.1 Scenechanges:

6.5.1.1 Scenechangesmustberehearsedmethodically,progressivelyaddingelementssuchasshowlighting,audio,effects,andcastonlywhenproficiencyisachieved.

6.5.1.2 Scenechangesmustberehearsedperiodicallyonlongerrunstoensureactualworkmatchesdocumentationandunderstanding.

6.5.2 Performerflyingrigging:

6.5.2.1 Mustbeoperatedonlybytrainedcrew.

6.5.2.2 Mustincludeapre-performancecheckofallsystemsandcomponents.

6.0ShowRiggingOperations

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SafetyProtocols(continued) 6.5.2.3 Pre-performancechecksmustbelogged.

6.5.2.4 Rescuemethodsforallflyingeffectsmustbeplannedandtestedpriortofirstrehearsal.

6.5.2.5 Rescuemethodsforallflyingeffectsmustbeperiodicallyrehearsed.

6.5.3 Scenicautomationandcomputercontrolledeffectsmusthavethefollowingsafetyfeatures:

6.5.3.1 Apressandholdtooperatedevice(deadmanhandle).

6.5.3.2 Emergencystopsystems(E-stops)asspecifiedbyriskassessment.

6.5.3.3 Anoperatormustalwaysbeabletooverrrideandstopasystemregardlessofwhatinitiatesmotion.

6.5.3.4 Theoperatormustmaintaingoodvisualcontactwiththeeffect.Alternatively,thiscouldbeachievedwithadirectcameraandmonitorsystem.

6.5.3.5 Apre-performancecheckofallsystemsandcomponents.

6.5.3.6 Pre-performancechecksmustbelogged.

6.5.4 Potentialhazardstosaferiggingoperationcausedbyspecialeffectssuchaspyrotechnics,lasers,stunts,etc.,mustbeconsideredintheriskassesment:

6.5.4.1 Reducedvisibility.

6.5.4.2 Operatorsbeingunfamiliarwithothercomponentsoftheshow.

6.5.4.3 Specialeffectsthatdon'thavealocalsafetyswitchbeingattachedtoflyingelements.

6.5.4.4 Increasednoiselevels.

6.5.4.5 Specialeffectsresidue(heat,smoke,ash,confetti,etc.)withregardtoproximitytoperformers,crewandequipment.

6.5.5 Potentialhazardstosaferiggingoperationcausedbywater,includingiceandsteam,mustbeconsideredintheriskassessment.Someoftherisksmayinclude:

6.5.5.1 Electricalcircuitsmadeunsafe.

6.5.5.2 Thecorrosionofmetallicitemsthroughimmersionand/orcondensation.

6.5.5.3 Chemicalandbiologicalhazards.

6.5.5.4 Burning.

6.0ShowRiggingOperations(continued)

19

SafetyProtocols(continued) 6.5.5.5 Drowning,includingfluidpreventingairfrombeingtakenintothelungs.

6.5.5.6 Theeffectontrafficablesurfaces.

6.0ShowRiggingOperations(continued)

20

TasksandResponsibilities 7.1

7.1.1 Achainofcommandmustbeestablishedandclearlyunderstoodbyallcrew.

7.1.2 Thetasksandresponsibilitiesofeachcrewmembermustbeclearlydefinedanddocumented.

PriortotheStartofWork 7.2

7.2.1 Newcreworientationmusttakeplacepriortothestartofwork.

7.2.2 Supervisorsmustverifyworkingconditionsandidentifynewhazards.

Briefings-ToolBoxTalks 7.3 Atoolboxtalkmustbeheldpershiftandaddressthefollowingtopics:

7.3.1 Generalworkplacesafetyandhousekeeping.

7.3.2 Hazards.

7.3.2.1 Identifyhazards,includinganyspecificproductionhazards,andexplainhowtomanagethem.

7.3.2.2 Identifyspecificpreparatorytasksthatmustbecompletedpriortoanyde-rigging.

7.3.3 Identifysupervisors,crewandspecifictasks.

7.3.4 Communicatehowtheworkistobeaccomplishedandinwhatorder.

7.3.5 Communicatethescheduleandendofshiftgoalsandhandoverprocedures.

7.3.6 Checkthatallcrewhavepersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)appropriatetothetasks.

7.3.7 Coordinationrequiredbetweenteams.

7.3.8 Overviewofcommunicationandradiouse.

7.3.9 Emergencyproceduresincludingrescue.

7.3.10 Malfunctioningequipmentmustbeclearlymarked.

On-GoingSupervision 7.4

7.4.1 Supervisorsmustmonitorchangingcircumstancesandconditions,andtakeappropriateactionwhenneeded.

7.4.2 Supervisorsmustmonitorthephysicalandmentalconditionoftheircrew.

7.4.3 Supervisorsmustcompensateforandreportdeviationsfromthede-riggingplanorschedule.

7.0De-RiggingWork

21

SafeWork 7.5

7.5.1 Allcrewmust:

7.5.1.1 Visuallycheckequipmentforpropercondition.

7.5.1.2 Ensureclearcommunications.

7.5.1.3 Monitortheenvironmentforchangesandnewhazards,andreactaccordingly.

7.5.1.4 Wearpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)asinstructed.

7.5.1.5 Verifysafeconditionofworkateachstagebeforeproceeding.

7.5.2 Groundriggersmust:

7.5.2.1 Safeguardtheareabelowtheriggers.

7.5.2.2 Verifythatsuspendedequipmentcanbeloweredsafelyandequipmentisoperatingcorrectly.

7.5.2.3 Guidetheriggingassemblyduringloweringandlanding.

7.5.2.4 Disassembleandremoveequipmentassoonaspossibletokeepworkareaclear.

7.5.3 Upriggersmust:

7.5.3.1 Visuallychecktheirfallprotectionsystemsbeforeuse.

7.5.3.2 Verifythatsuspendedequipmentcanbeloweredsafely.

7.5.3.3 Communicatewheneachpointisreadytobede-rigged.

7.5.4 Personsresponsibleforriggingpowermust:

7.5.4.1 Verifythepowersupplyisappropriatefortheequipmentbeingused.

7.5.4.2 Checkallelectricalconnectionsforproperfunctioning,andrepairorchangeequipmentasnecessary.

7.5.4.3 Monitorhoistconnections,cables,multicores,etc.

7.5.5 Trusscrewmust:

7.5.5.1 Disassembletrussesandprepareforsafetransportaccordingtoinstructions.

7.5.5.2 Collectconnectinghardwareduringdisassembly.

7.5.5.3 Ensuregoodhousekeepingismaintained.

7.0De-RiggingWork(continued)

22

Reporting 8.1 Apostproductionreportmustbepreparedbyacompetentmemberofthecrewandmustinclude:

8.1.1 Startandenddatesofproduction.

8.1.2 Crewinvolvedandtheirroles.

8.1.3 Recordofpre-operationalchecks.

8.1.4 Detailsofincidentsordeficiencies.

8.1.5 Detailsofitemsneedingrepairorreplacement.

8.1.6 Detailsofalterationstoplansorproceduresrequiredduringthedurationoftheproduction.

8.1.7 Commentsandremarksabouttheproductionfromcrew.

8.1.8 Alldocumentationpertainingtosafetygeneratedfortheproductionmustbeheldintheappropriatelocationfortheperiodrequiredbyapplicableregulation.

GapTraining 8.2 Postproductionevaluationofcrewskillsandnecessarytrainingmustbeconductedbyemployerto:

8.2.1 Refreshskills.

8.2.2 Upgradeskillsrequiredbynewequipmentorprocedures.

8.2.3 Upgradeknowledgeduetochangesinlocalregulationsand/orstandards.

8.2.4 Upgradeskillstoconformtoindustrybestpractice.

8.0PostProduction

23

IndexNumber Term Definition

2.3.5 CartesianCoordinates Asystemofcoordinatesthatspecifiesthelocationofapointinrelationtoadatum,on2or3axes.

1.5.4,4.1.1,6.1.1,7.1.1 ChainofCommand Thehierarchyofauthoritythatdictateswhoisinchargeofwhom,andofwhompermissionmustbeasked.

CodeofPractice Asetofwrittenguidelinesthatexplainshowpeopleworkinginaparticularprofessionshouldplan,manageandexecutetheirwork.

6.4 CommunicationsProtocol Asystemofrulesandetiquetteenablingorderlycommunicationamongstmultipleusersofacommunicationssystem.

5.1.5,6.4.1,6.4.2 CommunicationsSystem Areliablemeansofcommunicationbetweenparties,typicallyutilizingwiredintercomortwowayradios.Videocansupplementaudio.

1.1,5.2.1,5.4.4,8.1 CompetentPerson/CompetentPersonnel Apersonwhohastheknowledge,experienceandskilltocarryoutthetaskathand.

3.4,3.8,3.9,5.7.2 Compliance Conformitywithregulations,standardsorpolicies.

2.3.4,2.3.5,2.4.2 Datum Adefinedpointofreference.

2.3.5 DatumAxisLines Referencelinesthatoriginateatthedatum.

6.5.3.1 DeadManHandle Aswitchinanautomationsystemthatmustbemanuallyengagedtoenablethesystemtooperate.

1.3.3 DeterminateRiggingSystem SeeAppendixA

1.2,1.3,1.3.2,2.4.4,3.2,5.5.3,5.6.2 DynamicLoad Theincreasedforcethatresultsfromchangingthespeedofanobject.

6.5.3.2 EmergencyStopSystem(E-stop) Anemergencymeansofstoppingthemovementofariggingsystemtopreventinjuryordamage.

1.1.1,1.5.1 EnforcingAuthority Thepersonorentityhavingthepowertoenforceregulations,standardsorpolicies.

Equipment Rigginghardwareandmachineryusedtomoveorsecuresuspendedobjects.

3.1 FitforPurpose Equipmentthatisappropriatefortheintendeduse.

5.4.2 FlightPath Thespacerequiredforunrestrictedmovementofaliftingsystem.

5.4.6 Floating Theinitialliftofobjectstoworkingheight.

ICOPER–Glossary

24

1.2,1.3,2.3.6,5.3.2,AppendixA Force Thepushorpullonanobjectresultingfromitsinteractionwithanotherobject.Forceischaracterizedbyitsmagnitude,directionandpointofapplication.

8.2 GapTraining Additionaltrainingrequiredtoensurecompetency.

4.5.3,7.5.2 GroundRigger Thepersonresponsibleforassemblingrigginghardwareonthegroundandcoordinationofhaulingoperations.

1.3.3 IndeterminateRiggingSystem SeeAppendixA

2.3.2 KeyorLegend Asectiononadrawingthatdefinesthesybmolsusedinthatdrawing.

2.5.5 KeyPlan Aportionofthedrawingthatindicatestheprojectspecificlocationwithinalargerarea.

5.2.2,5.6.2 Lift Thecontrolledmovementofasuspendedobject.

5.1.4,5.1.5,5.2.2,5.4.4 LiftingOperations Proceduresandactionsassociatedwiththecontrolledmovementofasuspendedobject.

5.2.3,5.4.1,5.5.1 LiftingPlan Theorderofactionsincarryingoutaliftorsequenceoflifts.

5.7.3 LiftingSystem Theequipment,controlsandobjectsthatcomprisealift.

Load SeeAppendixA.Anexternalappliedforce.Inentertainmentrigging,generally,"load"referstotheobjectorobjectstobelifted.

5.3.5 Mousing Useofwireorothermaterialtopreventtheunintentionalopeningofaconnectororhook.

2.5.4 OverheadObstruction Anobjectthatblockstheintendedflightpathofalift.

6.5.2 PerformerFlying Suspendingormovingaperformerusingariggingsystem.

1.3.1 PointLoad Aconcentratedloadappliedatasinglelocation.

4.6.2,5.7.4,5.7.6 PrimarySuspension Theminimumnumberofsuspensionpointsrequiredtosupporttheloadasdictatedbytheriggingdesign.Seealso"Redundancy."

1.4,1.5,3.5,3.6 QualifiedPerson Apersonwhohastheprofessionalcredentialsrequiredtosolveorresolveproblemsrelatingtothesubjectmatter.

ICOPER–Glossary(continued)

25

AppendixA ReactionForces (SeeillustrationinAppendixA)Equalandoppositeforcesthatoccuratthesuspensionpoint(s)inastructurethatpreventanobject’smotion(e.g.thereactionstoaloadappliedtoabeam,occuratthebeamsupports).

1.5.2.1,4.6.1,5.7.1 Redundancy Theuseofadditionalsuspensionpointsthatshareloadtosafeguardagainstasuspensionfailure.

1.1.2,3.4,3.5,3.8,3.9,5.1.2,5.2.4,5.7.2,8.1.8,8.2.3

Regulation Agovernmentalorderhavingtheforceoflaw.

Rigging Theinstallation,useandremovalofequipmenttomove,suspendorsecureobjects.

4.5.3.2,4.5.3.3,7.5.2.3 RiggingAssembly Acombinationofhardwarethatisconnectedtogether.

2.3.1 RiggingPoints Theconnectionofconcentratedloadstoasupportstructureaccordingtotheriggingplan.

1.3.3,1.7.2,2.3.9,5.1.3,5.7.1 RiggingSystem Anyequipmentusedforsuspensionbelowthesupportingstucture.

1.5,1.5.2,6.2,6.2.1,6.5.3.2,6.5.5 RiskAssessment Aformalprocessusedtoidentifyhazardsandmitigaterisk.

1.5,1.5.3,6.2 RiskManagementPlan Adocumentdetailingprocedurestoensuretheongoingidentificationofhazardsandmitigationofrisk.

2.2.9,2.3.7 Scale Theratioofmeasurementsusedtorepresentobjectsonadrawingtotheiractualsize.

4.6,4.6.1,4.6.2,5.7.2,5.7.3,5.7.4,5.7.5,5.7.6

SecondarySuspension Additionalriggingusedtosupporttheloadincaseofequipmentfailure.

5.7.5 ShockLoading Theextremesurgeinforceassociatedwithsuddenimpact.

5.3.2 SlingAngleFactors Multipliersthataccountforincreasedforcesinslingswhentheyarenotvertical.

6.5.4,6.5.4.3,6.5.4.5 SpecialEffects Elementsusedtoenhanceanevent(e.g.fog,laser,pyrotechnics,water,performerflying,stunts,etc.).

1.4.1,1.5.1,1.6.1,1.6.2 Stakeholder Apersonororganizationwhocanaffect,orisaffectedby,anaction,decisionorpolicy.

ICOPER–Glossary(continued)

26

1.1.2,2.3.4,3.1,3.4,3.5,3.8,3.9,5.1.2,5.2.4,5.7.2,8.2.3

Standard Adocumentthatprovidesrulesorguidelinestoachieveadesired,consistentoutcome.

2.4.3 StaticLoad Theconstantforceassociatedwithastationaryobject.

5.7.1 StructuralIntegrity Theabilityofastructuretoremainintactandstableunderload.

2.2.7,4.2.2,4.3.3,4.4.1,4.4.2,4.4.3,5.4.2,6.1,7.2.2,7.3.3,7.4.1,7.4.2,7.4.3

Supervisor Thepersonresponsibleforoverseeingtheproperexecutionofatask.

3.5.2.1,6.6,6.6.1,6.6.2,7.7.1,7.7.2,7.7.3,7.7.4,7.7.5,7.7.6,AppendixA

Suspension Theequipmentintheloadpaththatsupportstheload.

2.2 TitleBlock Aportionofadrawingthatidentifiesthedrawingcontents.

5.5.1 TrimHeight Verticaldistancefromadatumtoaspecifiedpointonasuspendedobject.

4.5.4,7.5.3 UpRigger Ariggerwhocarriesoutriggingworkatheight.

1.3.1,2.2.6,2.3.6,2.4.6,5.1.3 Weight Theeffectofgravityonastaticobject.

5.3.2 WorkingLoadLimit(WLL) Themaximumallowableloadtobeappliedtoaliftingcomponentasspecifiedbythemanufacturer.

ICOPER–Glossary(continued)

27

AppendixA–DeterminateandIndeterminateRiggingSystems

ItisimportantforriggerstohaveanunderstandingofthenatureandbehaviorofDeterminateandIndeterminateriggingsystemswhendesigningriggingandoperatingequipment.Abriefdescriptionofthesetwosystemsandrelatedterminologyfollows:

DeterminateRiggingSystemsDefinition:

Ariggingsystemwhichhastheminimumnumberofprimarysuspensionpointsrequiredtosupporttheload.

Characteristics:• Reactionforcesarepredictableandcanbecalculatedusingbasicmathematicalequations.• Bydefinitionandforpurposesofcalculationtheydonothaveredundantsuspensions.• Variationsinanobject’sliftheightcausedbyoperatingoneormorehoistsinagroupwillnotresult

inunpredictableorlargechangesinreactionforces.

Examples:

(Aboveexamplesassumeadequatesupportisprovided.)

28

AppendixA(continued)

IndeterminateRiggingSystemsDefinition:

Ariggingsystemwhichhasmoreprimarysuspensionsthanrequiredtosupporttheload.

Characteristics:• Reactionforcescanonlybecalculatedusingcomplexanalyticalmethods.• Smallvariationsinliftheightcanproducepotentiallydangerousvariationsinreactionforces.• Reactionforcesmustbeverifiedonsiteusingloadmonitoringequipment.• Thenumberofsuspensionsinanindeterminatesystemcanprovideredundancy,makingitpossibleforasuspensionfailure

tooccurwithoutcausingcollapseoftheriggingsystem.Shockloadsmustbeconsidered.

Examples:

(Intheexamplesabove,itmaybetheoreticallypossibletoremoveonesuspensionandhavetheobjectsremainstable.Inpractice,adequatesupportmustbeprovidedtoensurestability.)

29

AppendixA(continued)

ReactionForces

30

Term Description Australia EuropeanUnion NewZealand UnitedKingdom UnitedStates

Legislation/Regulation Lawenactedbygovernment. Legallyrequired. Legallyrequired. Legallyrequired. Legallyrequired. Legallyrequired.

StandardAconsensusdocumentdraftedbyindustryusingaformalprocess.

Notmandatorybutlegallyreferenced.Compliancerequiredifreferencedinlegislation.

EqualtoNorm.Notmandatorybutlegallyreferenced.Compliancerequiredifreferencedinlegislation.

Notmandatorybutlegallyreferenced.Compliancerequiredifreferencedinlegislation.

Notmandatorybutlegallyreferenced.Compliancerequiredifreferencedinlegislation.

Notmandatorybutlegallyreferenced.Compliancerequiredifreferencedinlegislation.

(AconsensusdocumentNorm Europeanequivalentofstandard.

Termnotgenerallyused. Compliancerequiredifreferencedinlegislation.

Termnotgenerallyused. Termnotgenerallyused. Termnotgenerallyused.

ApprovedCodeofPractice Approvedbygovernmentagencyorarecognizedstandardsadministrator.

Notmandatorybutlegallyreferenced.

Haslegalstatus. Notmandatorybutlegallyreferenced.

Haslegalstatus. Notmandatorybutlegallyreferenced.

CodeofPracticeGoodWorkingPracticeSafeWorkingPractice

Aconsensusdocumentdraftedbyindustryofferinggoodpracticeguidelines.

Notmandatorybutmaybelegallyreferenced.

Notmandatorybutmaybelegallyreferenced.

Notmandatorybutmaybelegallyreferenced.

Notmandatorybutmaybelegallyreferenced.

Notmandatorybutmaybelegallyreferenced.

Usersofthisdocumentarerecommendedtosourceandnotethereferencesforlegislation/standards/norms/codesofpracticeapplicableforyourregion.Beawarethatthesemaybeupdatedfromtimetotimebytheissuerandyouwillneedtoupdateyourreferencesaccordingly.Someareastoconsider:hoists,liftingequipment,aluminumstructures,plant/machinery,workingatheight,fallprotection,siteinduction,andsafework.

RegionalComparisonofTermsRegardingStandards