international collaboration particle physics

Patricia McBride!AAAS!29 April 2015

International Collaboration Particle Physics!

McBride I AAAS 4/29/15!

Particle Physics in 2015

• “Pursue the most important opportunities wherever they are, and host unique, world-class facilities that engage the global scientific community.”!!

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Particle Physics Science Drivers

• Use the Higgs boson as a new tool for discovery!• Pursue the physics associated with neutrino mass!• Identify the new physics of dark matter!• Understand cosmic acceleration: dark energy and inflation!• Explore the unknown: new particles, interactions, and physical

principles

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Some background• Particle physics has a long history of international

collaboration - the physics goals fave demanded accelerators with increasing energy and intensity; experiment apparatus gained in complexity (and size).!• A brief and abbreviated timeline !- 1950s - experiments done on campus, with small groups !• European Laboratory CERN started in 1954!

- 1960-1970s - accelerators were at national/regional facilities; collaborations grew to be 10s of people!• Fermilab started in 1967; first experiment (1972)!

• 1st experiment was a US - Russian collaboration!- 1980s - Large international collaborations!• Large experiments at colliders - SppS, Tevatron, LEP!• International collaborations: 100s of scientists!• China/Japan built world-class accelerator facilities

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Discovery of the Top quark - Fermilab 1990s

!!Participating Institutions: Acad. Sin. Taiwan●los Andes●ANL●Arizona●BNL●Bologna●Brandeis●Brown

UC/Davis●UC/Irvine●UCLA●UC/Riverside●CBPF●Chicago●CINVESTAVColumbia●Delhi●Duke●Fermilab●Florida State●Frascati●Harvard●Hawaii

Hiroshima●IHEP/Protvino●Illinois●Illnois/Chicago●Indiana●Iowa State IPP (McGill/Toronto)●Johns Hopkins●KEK●Korea● Kyungsung●LBL●Maryland

MIT●Michigan●Michigan State●Moscow State●Nebraska●New Mexico●New YorkNortheastern- Northern Illinois● Northwestern●Notre Dame●Osaka City●Padova

Panjab●Pennsylvania●Pisa●Pittsburgh●Purdue●Rice●Rochester●Rockefeller Rutgers●Saclay●Seoul●SSCL●SUNY/Stony Brook●Tata●Texas A&M

Texas/Arlington●Texas Tech●Tsukuba●Tufts●Wisconsin●Yale “A Little Bit of the Gods” - Chris Quigg http://history.fnal.gov/GoldenBooks/gb_quigg.html

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2 large international collaborations (CDF and D0)!with about 450 scientists each using data collected at the Tevatron collider at Fermilab

http://history.fnal.gov/GoldenBooks/gb_quigg.html


Fermilab international partners - 2010s

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Discovery of the Higgs Boson - CERN and the LHC• CERN and the LHC - particle physics at the energy frontier !- built by CERN with contributions from other regions: a step

towards a global science facility!- LHC: 27 km accelerator; now starting up after 2 year shutdown!- Large global collaborations: nearly 10000 scientists work at

CERN from nearly 100 countries from around the world.

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Governance of large collaborations and facilities (LHC)• The host lab manages the

infrastructure: accelerator, civil construction, etc.!• The scientific collaborations

manage the experiments. LHC: ~3000 scientists/expt

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The Governance of CERNThe CERN model is based on the separation of the governance of the infrastructure (Host Lab) and of the experiments. Two complementary governance constructs are deployed: !  Formal Treaty Organization, to run the infrastructure !  Flexible organization, based on best effort (through

MoUs stipulated among the Funding Agencies and CERN as Host Lab) to run the experiments.

Experiments are NOT a legal entity and are NOT owned by the Host Lab.


Global Planning in Particle Physics • Strategic plans are national or

regional but in a global context!•Americas: national strategic planning!- US: High Energy Physics Advisory Panel to

DOE/NSF (HEPAP) and P5 - Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel!- http://www.usparticlephysics.org/p5/!

• Asia: national strategic planning !- ACFA:Asian Committee on Future Accelerators!

• Europe: CERN / ECFA!- European Strategy updated every 5 years!- http://council.web.cern.ch/council/en/EuropeanStrategy/

ESBrochure-Strategy_Report2013.pdf!

• Global discussion forum: !• ICFA - International Committee on Future

Accelerators (started in 1976)!- Working Group of IUPAP - International Union of Pure

and Applied Physics

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Illustration by Sandbox Studio, Chicago

“Particle physics is global. The United States and major players in other regions can together address the full breadth of the field’s most urgent scientific questions if each hosts a unique world-class facility at home and partners in high-priority facilities hosted elsewhere.” (P5 report)

http://www.usparticlephysics.org/p5/

http://council.web.cern.ch/council/en/EuropeanStrategy/ESBrochure-Strategy_Report2013.pdf


Neutrinos go global into the 2020s

• Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) - A Global Next Generation Facility for Neutrino and Underground Science!- an intense beam of neutrinos produced at Fermilab in Illinois are sent to the

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota.!

- for the first time in its history the U.S. will host a large scale science facility that is international (global) from the start

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DUNE experiment 750 scientists from 23 countries


Global neutrino experiment• We are moving into an era of projects where substantial cost

sharing on the facility is required. One country can no longer control the design and provide all the resources.!• The LBNF governance is inspired by the CERN model with

bilateral agreements between countries for the facility infrastructure and a scientific collaboration model for the detector. These discussions of governance have began before the design is final. !!• Our objective is to be a good host for a world leading long

baseline neutrino experiment. What do we need to do to be a good host and a good partner?

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Particle Physics global partnerships• Challenge of large projects: Build a global science program

while maintaining national expertise and individual creativity.!!• Governance is key !- Scientific Collaborations: working well !• Particle physicists have had many years of experience in particle

physics and have developed complex management structures!- Governance of a global facility: a challenge!• multiple governments and agencies, multi-year time scales, different

project management models, etc. !• CERN has been a successful model for international collaboration in

Europe. !• US will build on the CERN model to plan the future neutrino program.

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Some Issues for discussion• Large science projects take time to plan and construct. How

do we build successful partnerships on large facilities within the constraints of the annual budget process?!!• How do we balance national interests with enabling successful

global collaboration?!• Visas !• Intellectual property !• Export controls!• Computer security !!

• How will we make the decision to join an international science partnership in another region? What if there are competing proposals?

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international collaboration particle physics

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