international development economics associates’ employment conference in nairobi 25-27 jan, 07
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Decent Work for All – bridging the Economic and the Social (and the Environmental) dimension of Sustainable Development ?. International Development Economics Associates’ Employment Conference in Nairobi 25-27 Jan, 07. Disclaimer:. ‘BRAINSTORMING’ , not (necessarily) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland,[email protected] 1
Decent Work for All – bridging the Economic and the Social(and the Environmental) dimension of
Sustainable Development ? International Development Economics Associates’Employment Conference in Nairobi 25-27 Jan, 07
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 2
Disclaimer:
‘BRAINSTORMING’, not (necessarily)
official policies of
MFA-Finland
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 3
“Recipes” for “Sustainable Employment Generation” ?
- No! – Employment/DW are new topics for donor agencies I came to learn from you
- Yet, in UN-meetings governments have to pretend that we have the answers: Please see the EU Main Statement in UN-ECOSOC on Decent Work (drafted by myself)
Comments, criticism, advice would be most welcome!
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 4
“Recipes” ? – Perhaps these: 1) Place employment creation at the centre of macro-economic policy2) Focus on production rather than trade only.and domestic/cross-border mkts vs. exports only3) Support ministries etc. responsible for employment & social policy (build capacity to articulate ’EMPL/SOC’ to Min.of Finance)4) Priority: Youth Employment Crisis5) Invest into People: Employability, skills & social protection: ”Unlock” human capital & entrepreneurship through credible risk mngt movement into higher risk/higher return activities.
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 5
Now: AFRICA - Whom to trust? Mapping the donors:
1) UN: Summit-05, ECOSOC-06, CSocD-07-08
2) ILO (+ World Commission for SDG + Helsinki-process
3) World Bank
4) OECD/POVNET
5) AU/NEPAD/SADC/EAC/ECOWAS
6) EU/EC
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 6
SOCIALSOCIAL-security & protectionsecurity & protection-inclusion & dialogueinclusion & dialogue- rights & equality, rights & equality, incl. gender equalityincl. gender equality
Employment,Employment,entrepreneur-entrepreneur-ship, skills, ship, skills,
finance, mktsfinance, mkts
DECENT WORK FOR ALLDECENT WORK FOR ALL- Bridging the ECON / SOC- Bridging the ECON / SOC
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 7
“Decent Work” or “Any Work” - Is Decent Work an appropriate concept
for Africa / ’Global South’ ? Yes. Defined not only as:
- jobs (8-16)- formal sector
But: All Work for a Living, and social protection for those too young, old, disabled, etc. to earn their secure
livelihoods through work.
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ILO (+ UN + EU): Decent Work Country Programmes (DWCP)
EMPLOY-MENTEnabling
environment, Entrepreneurship,
Employability, Skills,
Productivity, Competivity
SOCIAL PRO-
TECTIONExtending
social security and protection
to all, incl. those in the
informal sector
SOCIAL DIALOGUE
Building social concensus on
major policy lines e.g. through
tripartite negotiations.
RIGHTSFundamental
Principles and Rights at Work
e.g. ILO-Conventions
+ Gender Equality cross-cutting + Gender Equality cross-cutting all…all…
DWCP to be part of national DWCP to be part of national PRSsPRSs
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 9
SOCIALSOCIALECONOMICECONOMIC
UN: Rio-1992 Sustainable development = balanced dev’t
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 10
Copenhagen Social Summit-95:
FULL SOCIAL
PRO- INTEGRATION /
DUCTIVE Equity (= Incl+Prot)
EMPLOY- (= Cohes.)
MENT
POVERTY
ERADICATION
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 11
Focus of global ODA-efforts since Copenhagen: PovRed
FULL SOCIAL
PRO- INTEGRATION /
DUCTIVE Equity (= Incl+Prot)
EMPLOY- (= Cohes.)
MENT
POVERTY
REDUCTION
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 12
UN Summit-05 + ECOSOC-06 + CSocD-07 + OECD-POVNET + WB + EU + AU Decent Work for All (MDG-1c?)
EMPLOY- SOCIALMENT PROTECTION /
Equity INCLUSION Pro-Poor…
People-centred
POVERTY REDUCTION
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 13
United Nations/Decent Work-1:
1) ILO-1999 + Mkapa/Halonen WCSDG 2004+ Helsinki Process (TZ+FIN+Friends)
2) World Summit, Sept-2005, Para 47:“We resolve to support fair globalization and
to make the goals of full and productive employment and decent work for all, including for women and young people, a central objective of all relevant national and international policies",
3) International Labour Conference ILC (ILO) June-06 & ILO Governing Body
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2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 14
United Nations/Decent Work-2:
4) ECOSOC, July-2006, Geneva DW as the main theme (Pls give your comments to the EU position!) DWCPs (Decent Work Country Programmes)
5) CSocD, Feb-07 and Feb-08, New York DW as the main theme (+ Mary Robinson/EGI)
6) Africa? (a) Arusha/World Bank Dec05 Kellokoski/Finland Nov-06
(b) AU Social & Labour Affairs Committee African Soc/Empl Policy Frame Johannesburg/SADC Nov-06 AU Soc/Labour Committee, 4/07
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 15
United Nations (DESA/UNDP) Policy Guidance Notes:
1) Macroeconomics and Growth2) Financial Policies3) Public Investment Management 4) Technology Policy 5) Social Policy ( including ‘Employment’)6) Trade Policy Constructive alternative to WB’s PRS Sourcebook Regional & national tailoring, translation, dissemination, training Multi-donor trust fund? (~ or: Good ideas fly…)
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UN-ECOSOC: Promote Decent Work Country Programmes (DWCP)
EMPLOY-MENTEnabling
environment, Entrepreneurship,
Employability, Skills,
Productivity, Competivity
SOCIAL PRO-
TECTIONExtending
social security and protection
to all, incl. those in the
informal sector
SOCIAL DIALOGUE
Building social concensus on
major policy lines e.g. through
tripartite negotiations.
RIGHTSFundamental
Principles and Rights at Work
e.g. ILO-Conventions
+ Gender Equality cross-cutting + Gender Equality cross-cutting all…all…
DWCP to be part of national DWCP to be part of national PRSsPRSs
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 17
ILO Employment Strategy
Ministers, Commissioners, etc. Agenda: Based on the headlines of the
DW Communication:
- General
- within EU
- Trade
- Development
Conclusions
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18Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland
Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
ILO Global Campaign on Social Protection for All (ILC-2001)
• Towards progressive universalism:– Building progressively higher levels of
protection – Based on a basic ‘Social Floor’ consisting of:
Basic health care for all within a pluralistic system Child benefits to foster school attendance Pro-active (self targeting) social assistance and/or
employment guarantee schemes universal pensions in old age, disabilty and loss of
breadwinner
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 19
‘Socio-Economic Floor’ as national and global responsibility ?
Minimum insurance needs
Income profile B
Income profile A
’’Socio-economic floor’Socio-economic floor’ – ensured by gov’t/ODA? – ensured by gov’t/ODA?
Higher levels - privately-provided?Higher levels - privately-provided?
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 20
ILO/DW Country Programmes-1: ILO Donors’ Mtng: ILO is WEAK at
country level:- Very little TC-budgets, - 40% to Child Labour other pillars?- 40% from US Dept.Labour others?- UNDAF? Other donors? Ministries? Strategy: (a) Influencing national policies(b) Capacity building & legislation(c) Partnerships with ’richer’ partners
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 21
ILO/DW Country Programmes-2: AFRICA: 16/53 countries (25 in process)
TZ: Part of MKUKUTA + MKUZA + UNDAF ASIA/PACIFIC: 10 ready, rest in process EUR/CENTRAL ASIA: 10 ready LAC: 1 ready, 5 in process ARAB: 1 ready
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 22
World Bank / Labour Market & ”Good Jobs” ’MILES’ to go:
Off-spring of WB-work on SocProtection MILES – a proposed framework. Key areas:
M - as macro-economics I - as investment climate, institutions and
infrastructure L - as labor market regulations and institutions E - as education and skills S - as social protection
Research on “EMPL & DEV’T” - with German IZA - purely econometric, non-institutional ?
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 23
World Bank’s Big Problem: SOCIAL SOCIAL PROTECTION DEVELOPMENT& LABOUR & SOCIAL POLICY
MARKETS - inclusion - accountability
- cohesion
POVERTY & GOVERNANCE ASECON.MNGT PARTICIPATORY
DEMOCRACY
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 24
Ideologies (L/R) or academic identities rule?
SOCIAL SOCIAL PROTECTION DEVELOPMENT& LABOUR & SOCIAL POLICY
MARKETS Non-economicEconomists WDR-06 social scientists
POVERTY & GOVERNANCE ASECON.MNGT PARTICIPATORY
DEMOCRACYConflicting mental maps & competition for ’results’
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 25
WDR-2006 – Stronger language Unequal power leads to the formation of institutions that
perpetuate inequalities in power, status and wealth These same institutions are also bad for the investment,
innovation and risk-taking that underpin long-term growth.
To prosper, a society must create incentives for the vast majority of the population to invest and innovate.
But possible only when the distribution of power is not highly unequal, and where there are constraints on the exercise of power by office-holders.
Cross-country data and historical narratives (e.g Finland) give evidence of Growth through equity.
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2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 27
WB-SocDev: Arusha Conference Dec-05: New Frontiers of SocPol -1
Transformation of subjects and beneficiaries into citizens
universal rights & responsibilities
Middle-class by-in: Build alliances between the poor and the not-so-poor
Role of State: effective & accountable
Recognizing power relations & institutions Capacity of states revenue mobilization
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2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 28
Arusha Conference Dec-05: New Frontiers of SocPol -2
Social dimension/Equity in infra, utilities, social services: educ/health/SP
Market access for the poor Fiscal policies Migration (internal/external) Citizens organizations/social partners Understanding history, culture, etc. Social Policy at all levels: local, national, global Multi-disciplinarity Not so bad, but…
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 29
Criticism in and after Arusha Conference, Dec-05
Why almost no African Voices ??
Is all wisdom on Social Policy really concentrated in US-Universities?
Why no European, Nordic, UN Voices? Critical articles in Global Social Policy Journal
Sida/UNRISD/Finland: UNRISD Conference + Kellokoski Experts’ Meeting 1-2 Nov
Constructive contribution to UN Commission for Social Develoment (CSocD) 7-16 Feb, 2007 in NYC
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2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 32
Aid
+ ANNEX: + ANNEX: Johannesburg Ministerial Declaration Johannesburg Ministerial Declaration
and Draft Strategy:and Draft Strategy:TOWARDS AFRICAN REGIONAL SOCIAL TOWARDS AFRICAN REGIONAL SOCIAL
POLICIESPOLICIES
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 33
African Empl. & Soc.Policies-1
1) AU-Summit 2004 Ouagadougou / Employment and Poverty
Follow-up: Sub-regional consultations on ’Integrated Employment Policies and Programmes for Africa’, by AU-Commission, with Swedish/Norwegian funding
’To build capacity, to harmonize, to monitor, to disseminate best practice…’
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 34
African Empl. & Soc.Policies-2
2) AU Social Policy Framework (rejected 3 times – South Africa/Zimbabwe disagreements on migration now put aside)
3) NEPAD/AU/SADC/RSA/UN-DESA:
”Towards (Sub-) Regional Social/Employment Policies for Africa”
21-24 Nov, Johannesburg (13 ministers)
Empl/Soc Pol. dimension of economic integration, e.g. SADC, EAC, ECOWAS, etc.
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 35
Bilaterals: OECD-POVNET/PPG + SocProt + Empl:
1) 1999-2001: PovRed Guidelines
Multi-dimensional poverty + context
2) 2004-2006: Pro-Poor Growth (PPG) through…agric/infra/PSD/SProt/PIA
3) 2007-2008: PPG + SocProt/SocPol + Empl
Consultations with country-level Development Partners’ Groups
(= Governments + donor country offices)
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DAC-01: POVERTY is multi-dimensional
SECURITYrisk, vulnerability
social protection/ social risk
management (SRM) POLITICALrights
freedoms voice & influence
SOCIO-CULTURAL
statusrespect, dignity
ECONOMICconsumptionincome
assets
HUMANhealth
educationhunger, thirst
GENDER +
ENVIRON-MENT
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 39
Growth First ’Revenge’ or a genuine rethink & consultation with partners
in the Global South on: PSD: MM4P + R&V
Markets that matter for the poor +
Risk and Vulnerability INFRA: IM4P + R&V
Infra that matters for the poor AGRIC: AM4P + R&V
Growth potential of SSA-peasants 6 x larger on domestic/cross-border food staple markets than in the saturated export markets (IFPRI)
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~ ’Growth First’ vs. ’People First’ ??
SECURITYrisk, vulnerability
social protection/ social risk
management (SRM) POLITICALrights
freedoms voice & influence
SOCIO-CULTURAL
statusrespect, dignity
ECONOMICconsumptionincome
assets
HUMANhealth
educationhunger, thirst
GENDER +
ENVIRON-MENT
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Timo Voipio, [email protected] 41
SOCIALSOCIALECONOMICECONOMIC
Several members: The ECON & SOC & ENV should be in balance:
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
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The dimensions are inter-related
S/H SECURITYrisk, vulnerability
social protection/ social risk
management (SRM) POLITICALrights
freedoms voice & influence
SOCIO-CULTURAL
statusrespect, dignity
ECONOMICconsumptionincome
assets
HUMANhealth
educationhunger, thirst
GENDER +
ENVIRON-MENT
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2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 44
SOC.DEV.SOC.DEV.OPPOSITIONOPPOSITION
NEO-NEO-LIBERALSLIBERALS
Hot debates-1
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2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 45
RELATIVE RELATIVE definitiondefinitionof PPG ?of PPG ?
ABSOLUTEABSOLUTEdefinition definition of PPG ?of PPG ?
Hot debates-2
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 46
Rel. PPG = Rel. PPG = Inequality Inequality
is reduced ?is reduced ?
Abs. PPG = Abs. PPG = InequalityInequality
may grow ? may grow ?
Hot debates-3
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2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 47
PATTERNPATTERNof Growth?of Growth?
PACE PACE of Growth?of Growth?
Hot debates-4
Unsettled dispute Unsettled dispute Compromise…?Compromise…?
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 49
EMPOWERMENT/ S.SECURITY/INCLUSION PROTECTIONe.g. WDR-2006 e.g. SRM/SP
PRO-POOR GROWTH= EQUITABLE & EFFICIENT
GROWTH
OPPORTUNITIESe.g. PSD, Infra, Agric.
PPG results from a balance betweenempowerment/security/opportunity
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2007
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Justifications used by donors for focusing on risk and vulnerability
Pro-poor growth• helps avoid shocks that can derail growth• promotes innovation, risk taking and entrepreneurship• broadens participation in economic growth• focuses on asset accumulation• counteracts irreversible asset depletion
Rights-based• MDGs, basic needs• human development / human security (Sen/JICA) • global socio-economic ‘floor’ (minimum standards) & global compact (MDG8)• democratic participation and social dialogue• sustainable development, lifecycle and inter-generational thinking
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 51
Task Team on Social Protection and Social Policy:
Social Protection =
1) Growth: Key factor in Pro-Poor Growth (PPG)
2) Human Rights: Responsibility to Care
Important for many OECD-governments!!
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 52
POVNET Programme of Work 2007-8
a) Social Protection + Empowerment
~ Comprehensive Social Policy
b) Employment and labour markets
Decent Work for All
+ Consultations with partners in the Global South (Paris is no longer the centre of gravity in the world…)
governments, donors, CSOs, private sector, research
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 53
European Union/Decent Work-1 Social Dimension of Globalization 2004 Partnership EC + ILO 2004 EC Communication on Decent Work, 5/06
DW = 1/9 focus areas of European Aid EU Africa Strategy: DW mentioned Policy Coherence for Devt (PCD)
SDG + DW = 1/12 priorities for PCD
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 54
European Union/Decent Work-2
UN-ECOSOC, 6/06: DW for All DWCPs Conclusions on DW: Council 1 Dec 2006 DW-Conference 4-5 Dec, 2006 EC/DG-DEV Strategy on Empl & SocProt EuropeAid training EU Delegations
(+ partners?)
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 55
EU: DW Conclusions - 1 Past commitments on SDG + DW
UN-Summit, ECOSOC-Ministerial, Council, Lisbon Strategy, EU Strategy on Sust.Devt, EU SocPol Agenda, EU Consensus on Devt Policy
Definition of DW ILO/UN-Definition Min/Max costs/benefits of Globalization Informal into the formal Social partners, business community, CSR UN + ILO + WB + IMF + WTO dialogue
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 56
EU: DW Conclusions - 2
Decent Work within EU: Competitiveness in a socially sustainable way Improve productivity by DW Flexibility & security (= ’Flexicurity’) Lifelong learning & work/family balance ILO-Conventions national legislation
External relations: ASEM + LAC + AU, etc.
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 57
EU: DW Conclusions - 3 DW in EU Development Cooperation (EC+MS)
Summit-05 + ECOSOC + ILO-DWCPs ”Highlights the intention to develop an EC Strategy on
Employment and Social Protection in Development” European Consensus on Devt/paras 7, 11, 12, 35, 97-99
SDG, DW for All, DW into PRSs & Reg.Plans Finance DW through BS + CapacityBldng Coop: EC+MemberStates+ILO+UN-Agencies+IFIs All components of DWCP into PRSs etc. Tenders for contracts: respect core labour std Training & info for EC + MSs + partner ministries etc.
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 58
EU: DW Conclusions – 4
DW and trade related issues: Trade lib has a role in DW (right sequencing?) coherent approach to trade & soc.pol. EC to promote soc.stds and DW in trade
negotiations Trade Sustainability Impact Assessments ’Aid for Trade’ to promote DW Soc.objectives should not be set for
protectionistic reasons. The objective is to achieve social progress, shared fairly for the benefit of all.
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 59
EU: DW Conclusions - 5 EU-cooperation with UN and ILO
”Welcomes…UN, in particular ILO, and others” ”Highlights EU’s support for ILO’s DWCPs…” Ownership & priorities by partner countries… EU support to ratification of ILO-conventions
Follow-up: Impl & Follow-up to WSO-05 + ECOSOC-06 +
CSocD DW-indicator development with ILO EC follow-up, incl. Report on DW-
Communication in 2008
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 60
Draft EC Strategy on Empl & Soc.Prot in EU Devt Cooperation
1) Institutional capacity e.g. twinning/Institutional cooperation with ministries of labour, social affairs, community
E.g. Finland / Tanzania+ with workers’, farmers’, employers’, CSO, entrepreneurs’ (formal/informal) networks
2) Knowledge? Make it demand-driven! not only global -primarily national research!
2) VET (not only technical, but also business skills, social work for SProt) Also ”lifelong learning”…Employability/Productivity…
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 61
Draft EC Strategy on Employment & Soc.Prot in Devt-2 Areas of action: Infra, Agric/Rural, PSD
( c.f. POVNET-results) Finland: For coherence, add also:
Health (financing, e.g. social health insurance, etc.) Education (VET, lifelong learning…) Financial sector: micro-credit, micro-insurance, re-
insurance, development banking, etc. Governance: good governance of labour mkt and
social security institutions
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 62
Draft EC Strategy on Employment & Soc.Prot in Devt-3
Add also to Areas of action: Conflict mngt – relations to SocProt & Employment Humanitarian assistance Empl + SocProt (cash?) Legal sector development Gender / Environment Macro-economic policies – impacts on employment,
distribution/equity, social protection Disability – opportunity for equal participation, incl.
accessibility Youth – special challenges Aging, Children, etc.
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 63
Draft EC Strategy on Employment & Soc.Prot in Devt-4
Aid modalities: Budget Support Technical Cooperation with ministries of Labour,
Social Affairs, Community Development, Employment Agencies, Social Security Institutions,
+ Targeted Budget Support to Social Security Funds, Social Health Insurance Funds, etc.
Financing:
- Thematic programme Investing in People +
- EDF Country Focal Areas (1 out of 9 areas)
- General Budget Support
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 64
SOCIALSOCIALECONOMICECONOMIC
In reality, in country level work, the economic perspective (growth) dominates
over the social/employment. Why?
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 65
UNUNWBWB
(& IMF)(& IMF)
Part of the reason is the imbalance between the WB(& IMF) vs. UN at country level
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 66
UN + WB:UN + WB:SOCIALSOCIAL
WB & UN: WB & UN: ECONOMICECONOMIC
In principle, both WB & UN should promote a balanced sustainable dev’t agenda on
RIGHTS/SOCIAL JUSTICE
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 67
Min.of Social Min.of Social & Labour, & Labour, unions, unions,
consumersconsumers
Min. of Finance, Min. of Finance, Central Bank, Central Bank,
Business & Empl. Business & Empl. associationsassociations
Equally, at the national level there should be a balance between the
’ECON’ and ’SOC/EMPL’ ministries & civil society representatives
Min.of Env / Agric. / Natural Min.of Env / Agric. / Natural resourcesresources
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 68
Min.of Social Min.of Social & Labour, & Labour, unions, unions,
consumersconsumers
Min. of Finance, Min. of Finance, Central Bank, Central Bank,
Business & Empl. Business & Empl. associationsassociations
But: Often the ECON perspective gets a priority in national policy making
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 69
WBWBnon-non-
economistseconomistsWBWBeconomistseconomists
Within WB the ECON dominates over the SOC: The WB has 10.000 economists &
only few hundred non-economists
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 70
Heterodox labour Heterodox labour etc. economics, etc. economics,
political economy, political economy, industrialindustrial
policy, etc.policy, etc.
Orthodox Orthodox ’’neo-liberal’neo-liberal’
macromacroeconomicseconomics
And: Among the WB-economists one school of thinking dominates over alternatives
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 71
UN:UN:grants outside grants outside the BS-framethe BS-frame
WB-loans WB-loans + Bilaterals’ grants:+ Bilaterals’ grants:
PRSP PRSP + Budget support+ Budget support
A key additional factor: Bilaterals strongly aligning to the WB-dominated dev’t agenda
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 72
IMF & IMF & World Bank World Bank & Bilaterals& Bilaterals
economic policyeconomic policy
An additional factor: Fragmented UN
UNDPUNDP
WHOWHO UN-AidsUN-Aids
ILOILO
UnicefUnicef
WFPWFP
HabitatHabitat
UnifemUnifem
UN: Fragmented UN: Fragmented social policysocial policy
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 73
WB + WB + Min.of Finance &Min.of Finance &
IMF + IMF + Central BankCentral Bank
Fragmented UN leads to fragmented national SOC/EMPL policies
UNDP +UNDP +PMOPMO
WHO + WHO + Min.of Min.of HealthHealth
UN-Aids +UN-Aids +National Aids National Aids
CouncilCouncil
ILO + ILO + Min.ofMin.ofLabourLabour
Unicef +Unicef +Min.of Min.of
Children Children & Women& Women
WFP +WFP +Min.of Agric.Min.of Agric.
Habitat + Habitat + Min.of Min.of
HousingHousing
Unifem + Unifem + Women’s Women’s
OfficeOffice
UN: Fragmented UN: Fragmented SOC/EMPL policiesSOC/EMPL policies
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 74
’’One UN’One UN’+ WB + WB
+ bilaterals+ bilaterals
WB + IMFWB + IMF+ bilaterals+ bilaterals
Efforts to improve the ECON/SOC balance:
UN-Reform (at global and national levels)
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 75
SOCIALSOCIAL-security & protectionsecurity & protection-inclusion & dialogueinclusion & dialogue- rights & equality, rights & equality, incl. gender equalityincl. gender equality
Employment,Employment,entre-entre-
preneurship preneurship & growth& growth
+ Rescue Development Economics ! Balanced, comprehensive Socio-
Economics of DECENT WORK FOR DECENT WORK FOR ALL ALL
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Network-IDEAsNairobi 25-27 Jan,
2007
Timo Voipio, [email protected] 76
1st action priority: Youth Employment Crisis
UN Youth Employment Network UN + ILO + World Bank + EU + bilaterals:
1) employability / vocational training,
2) equal opportunities women / men;
3) entrepreneurship / easy start up and running more and better jobs;
4) placing employment creation at the centre of macro-economic policy.