EXPRESSINTERNATIONALCzech CompanionSlovnek a pehledmluvnice v etineIntermediate Keith Harding and Liz Taylor2WORKI NGTRAVELLI NGSOCI ALI ZI NG3EXPRESSINTERNATIONALCzech CompanionSlovnek a pehledmluvnice v etineIntermediate Keith Harding and Liz Taylor1Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dpOxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. 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Oxford University Press disclaims any responsibility for the contentA000565Printed in the Czech Republic Oxford University Press 20135OBSAH GramatikaPehled gramatickch pojm .................................. page51 Djov a stavov slovesa............................................... 63 Druh a tet stupe pdavnch jmen ............................ 69 Podmnkov souvt typ 1 .............................................. 79 Podmnkov souvt typ 2 .............................................. 711 Podmnkov souvt typ 3 .............................................. 82, 10for a since ........................................................................ 98 Vyjadovn budoucnosti: going to + infinitiv ............... 98 Vyjadovn budoucnosti: ptomn as prbhov ....... 108 Vyjadovn budoucnosti: will + infinitiv ....................... 109 Vyjadovn jistoty v budoucnosti .................................. 106 Gerundium ...................................................................... 117 Zpsobov slovesa, have to/need to ............................... 115 Trpn rod ........................................................................ 122, 4, 6 Minul as prost ........................................................... 136 Minul as prbhov .................................................... 136 Pedptomn as ............................................................ 149 Frzov slovesa ............................................................... 141 Ptomn as prost ........................................................ 151, 4 Ptomn as prbhov ................................................. 152, 10 Pedptomn as prost ................................................. 1610 Pedptomn as prbhov .......................................... 163 Vztan vty ................................................................... 1712 Nepm e ..................................................................... 1811 should have (done)/shouldnt have (done) ...................... 202 Otzky na podmt a pedmt .......................................... 209 asov vty ..................................................................... 202 used to + infinitiv ............................................................ 20Anglitina v rznch komunikanch situacch 4 Rady a nvrhy ................................................................. 2111 Obchodn korepsondence ................................................ 229 E-mail .............................................................................. 236 Zskvme informace ...................................................... 2410 Obraty pro konverzaci .................................................... 251 Pedstavovn a pozdravy ............................................... 2612 Pozvn ............................................................................ 273 Vyjadujeme nzory ........................................................ 273 Hovome na schzi nebo v diskusi ................................ 286 Nabdky a dosti ........................................................... 2912 Rozlouen ...................................................................... 3012 Spoleensk konverzace ................................................. 307 Pednky a prezentace ................................................... 312, 5 Telefonovn ................................................................... 328 Vrazy v SMS zprvch ................................................. 341 Mme hosta ..................................................................... 35Jin uiten informaceData a sla ...................................................................... 36Popisujeme trendy ........................................................... 36Nepravideln slovesa ...................................................... 37asov pmky ................................................................ 38Anglicko-eskm slovnkem......................................... 39Lekce ve Students BookGRAMATI KA Pehled gramatickch termn Pslovce An adverb rozvj sloveso, pin informace o tom, kdy, kde nebo jak se odehrv dj vyjden slovesem We talked about it yesterday. Ill wait here. Read the contract carefully.Frekvenn pslovce An adverb of frequencyvyjaduje, jak asto se dj odehrvI usually eat in the staff restaurant. These meetings are often very long.Pomocn sloveso An auxiliary verb (be, do a have) se pouv ve spojen s dalm slovesnm tvarem pi tvoen rznch as a trpnho rodu. Im not working tomorrow. What did she say? The conference has been cancelled.Gerundium A gerundje slovesn tvar zakonen na -ing vystupujc ve funkci podstatnho jmna. Smoking is allowed at the back of the bar.Im not keen on flying.Infinitiv The infinitiveje zkladn slovesn tvar (come, go, etc.). Pouv se ve spojen s to i bez to.This report is hard to understand.Id like to book a table for seven oclock.We must finish those designs today.Zpsobov slovesoA modal verbje napklad sloveso might, can, a should. Zpsobov slovesa pouvme pro vyjden monosti, dovolen, nutnosti, k udlen rad atd. Can we meet later this week?We should improve our website.They might think the price is too high.Frzov sloveso A phrasal verbje spojen dvou st slovesa (e.g. look) a pslovce nebo pedloky (e.g. after). Takov spojen zpravidla m zcela odlin vznam ne jeho sti samy o sob. Shes looking after the children. I looked the word up in my dictionary.Zjmeno A pronounzastupuje podstatn jmno.The hotels good but its too far from the airport.Thats my boss. Have you met him? Oxford University Press 20136 7Djov a statov slovesa(Action and state verbs)Djov slovesa vyjaduj dj, e.g. bring, buy, come, do, manage, meet, watch, work.Mohou bt uita v prostch i v prbhovch tvarech.What hours do you work?Were meeting on Wednesday.Stavov slovesa nevyjaduj dj, ale stav.adme k nim i slovesa vyjadujc pocity a mylenkov procesy, e.g. like, love, want, prefer, appreciate, know, believe, understand, forget, remember, mean, realize, recognize.Ta se obvykle uvaj pouze v prostch tvarech.Do you know what this means?I understand what youre saying.Nkter slovesa mohou vyjadovat dj i stav, e.g. have, see, look, taste, think.I have a small office. (stav)Were having a visit from some important suppliers. (dj)Druh a tet stupe pdavnch jmen Comparative and superlative adjectivesZKLADN TVARDRUH STUPETET STUPE Pravidelnlow lowerthelowest(1 syllable)bigbigger biggest(2 syllablesbusy busierthebusiestending in -y) early earlier earliest(2 or more syllables) modern moremodernthemostmodernenjoyable lessenjoyable leastenjoyableNepravidelngood betterthebestbad worse worstfar further/farther furthest/farthestmuch/many more mostlittle lessleastPOUITPKLADY Ve spojen s druhm stupnm pdavnho jmna uvme than.Learning Japanese was easier than I expected.(not) as ... as znamen, e nco m (nebo nem) stejnou mru njak vlastnosti.Is your Spanish as fluent as your English?My French isnt as good as my German.pomoc a little/slightly vyjadujeme, e rozdly jsou jen mal.Italian grammar is slightly more complicated than Portuguese.pomoc a lot/much vyjadujeme velk rozdly.Hungarian is much more difficult to learn than English.Pravopisn podoba (Spelling)Jednoslabin pdavn jmna zakonen na samohlsku a souhlsku zdvojuj koncovou souhlsku:hothotterhottestNezdvojuj se pouze zakonen na -w nebo -y:fewfewerfewestgreygreyergreyestPodmnkov souvt typ 11st Conditionalif + Present Simple, will + infinitive (without to)KLADN TVARZPOR If I change my job, Ill move house. I wont visit you if Im too busy.Theyll celebrate if they win the contract. If he doesnt phone, I wont go.OTZKAKRTK ODPOV Will you tell me if you change your mind? Yes, I will./No, I wont.POUITPKLAD Mon budouc dje a jejich dsledky If current trends continue, there will be twice as many elderly people in 25 years.Ve vt s if i v hlavn vt lze pout can.If I can finish the job today, well go away for a few days.Can you tell me if you change your mind?Unless znamen except if nebo only if.I wont contact you again unless there are problems.In case pouvme k vyjden mn pravdpodobnho dje.Ill give you a map in case you get lost.Podmnkov souvt typ 22nd Conditionalif + Past Simple, would/could/might + infinitive (without to)KLADN TVARZPOR Crime might decrease if unemployment went down.If we werent so busy, we could go out more.OTZKAKRTK ODPOV Would you work if you didnt have to? Yes, I would./No, I wouldnt. Oxford University Press 20138 9POUITPKLAD Nepravdpodobn nebo nereln situace a jejich pravdpodobn vsledkyIf the government raised young peoples taxes, there would be protests.Po I, he, she, a it meme ve vedlej vt s if pout were msto was, obzvlt ve formlnm jazyce. If it were possible to cut costs without cutting jobs, we would do so.Could je zrove tvar minulho asu i podmiovacho zpsobu slovesa can.He could swim when he was six. (Minulost = bylo to mon)We could provide enough electricity for the whole world if we put solar panels in the Sahara Desert. (Podmiovac zpsob = bylo by to mon)Minul as ve vt s if nevyjaduje minulost, oznauje nerelnou situaci.If cars used air instead of petrol ... (but they dont).I wish a If only + minul as pouvme k vyjden pn nebo politovn tkajc se ptomnosti.I wish I was on holiday.If only I didnt have so much to do!Podmnkov souvt typ 33rd Conditionalif + Past Perfect, would/could/may/might + have + past participleKLADN TVARZPOR If the weather had been better, we wouldve enjoyed our holiday more.If wed known more about Chinese business culture, our trip would have been more successful.You couldve come with us if wed known you were free.They might not have won the contract if theyd increased their prices.OTZKAKRTK ODPOV Would you have taken the job if the pay had been higher?Yes, I would./No, I wouldnt.POUITPKLAD Nereln minul situace a dje a jejich pravdpodobn vsledkyIf the company had improved quality, sales wouldnt have fallen.Minul podmnka me mt dsledky pro ptomnost.If you had accepted the job, you might be in charge of the company now.Pedminul as ve vedlej vt oznauje imaginrn situaci.If the company had improved quality (ale to se nestalo).I wish a If only + pedminul as vyjaduje pn nebo politovn tkajc se minulosti.I wish youd come to the party. You wouldve enjoyed it a lot.If only Id known you were in hospital, I wouldve visited you.for a since for and since(Viz asovou pmku for/since, str. 38.)For pouvme, jestlie hovome o uritm asovm obdob.for five days/ages/a year/half an hourSince pouvme, jestlie hovome o okamiku v ase.since yesterday/10 oclock/2002Vyjadovn budoucnosti: going to + infinitiv Future: going to + infinitiveKLADN TVARZPORI m (am)going toleave.start.I m not(am not)going toleave.start.Youre (are)Youarent(are not)We WeThey TheyHes (is)Heisnt(is not)She SheIt ItOTZKAKRTK ODPOV Is it going to start? Yes, it is./No, it isnt.Are they going to leave? Yes, they are./No, they arent.POUITPKLADY Plny do budoucnosti, zmry a rozhodnutIm going to change my job. He isnt going to attend the meeting.Budouc dje/udlosti, kter vyplvaj ze souasnho stavuIm sure the problem is going to get worse. This book is selling so fast, were going to run out of stock.Slovesa come a go obvykle uvme ve tvaru ptomnho asu prbhovho.Im going to South Africa soon.When are you coming to see us? Oxford University Press 201310 11Vyjadovn budoucnosti: Ptomn as prbhov Future: Present Continuous(Tvoen viz str. 11)POUITPKLADY Jist budouc dje Im flying to Milan at 2 p.m. tomorrow.Theyre not coming until next week.Were meeting them next Tuesday.Vyjadovn budoucnosti: will + infinitiv Future: will + infinitiveKLADN TVARZPORI/You/We/TheyHe/She/Itll (will) arrive.I/You/We/TheyHe/She/Itwont (will not)arrive.OTZKAKRTK ODPOV Will you start? Yes, I will./No, I wont.POUITPKLADY Budouc skutenosti a odhady budoucch djThe new shopping centre will open next May. There wont be an election this year.Rozhodnut a nabdky uinn v okamiku promluvyIll get the information this afternoon. Shall I ring for a taxi?Going to se tak asto uv, kdy hovome o budoucch skutenostech a kdy odhadujeme budouc dje.There isnt going to be an election this year.V psanm jazyce bv astji will.Vyjadovn budoucnosti: pravdpodobnostPOUITPKLADY Jistota Im sure prices will increase. Prices will definitely rise.Pravdpodobnost I expect sales will decrease. Sales will probably decrease. Its likely sales will decrease. Monost Unemployment may get worse. Its possible unemployment will get worse.Nepravdpodobnost Its unlikely the company will expand.I doubt if/that the company will expand.Nemonost Im sure he wont resign. He definitely wont resign.GerundiumGerundsSloveso + gerundium(He enjoys cooking. I cant risk making a mistake.) admit, appreciate, avoid, cant help, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind, postpone, propose, recommend, risk, spend time, suggestSloveso + gerundium/infinitiv (I love travelling. Id like to go to Norway.) hate, like, love, prefer, remember, stopSlovesa s pedlokou + gerundium (Shes used to flying. He insisted on paying.) apologize for, be accustomed to, be for/against, be good/bad at, be interested in, be used to, have difficulty in, insist on, look forward to, object to, succeed inZpsobov slovesa, have to/need to Modal verbs, have to/need toPOUITPKLADY Nutnost/Povinnost All visitors must report to reception.We have to take some brochures with us.Do I need to get permission?Zkaz We mustnt let them have too much information.Dje, kter nejsou nutn I dont have to make a speech.You neednt worry if you arrive a little late.He doesnt need to get a visa.Rada You shouldnt use first names.We ought to buy our tickets today.Monost The system can be frustrating.It may take a year to get results.This product could be very successful.I might be able to come with you but Im not sure.Dovolen You can smoke here.Could I use your phone?May I smoke?Schopnost Can you speak Portuguese?I couldnt see because of the fog.dost Could you hold on a minute?Would you book a hotel for me?Nabdka Shall I get you a coffee?Would you like some more wine?Ltost/Kritika I should have warned them.He shouldnt have refused the offer. Oxford University Press 201312 13Zpsobov slovesa maj ve vech osobch stejn tvary.I/He/They might come.Zpor tvome pomoc not nebo -nt.I cannot/cant see him today.K may nelze pidat -nt.We may not be able to come. (Not maynt)V otzce stoj zpsobov slovesa ped podmtem I/you/we atd.May I smoke?Po I a we se uv shall, a to v nabdkch a vznme-li rzn nvrhy.Shall I call you a taxi?/Where shall we go for lunch?Otzka a zpor se u have to a need to tvo pomocnm slovesem do.Does she have to work?We dont need to ask them.Have to a need lze ut tak v ostatnch asech.I had to work on Sunday. (Past Simple Minul as prost)Ive had to do a lot of travelling recently. (Present Perfect Simple Pedptomn as prost)Well need to discuss this again next week. (Future Budouc as)Trpn rodPassives be + past participle (taken, held, printed, etc.)Guests are requested to switch off mobile phones. (Present Simple Ptomn as prost)The catalogue is being printed this week. (Present Continuous Ptomn as prbhov)We were taken to our hotel by minibus. (Past Simple Minul as prost)The meeting has been rescheduled for next week. (Present Perfect Simple Pedptomn as prost)Next years conference will be held in Warsaw. (Will Future Budouc as)KLADN TVARZPOR The problem has been solved.Elections will be held in May.Smoking isnt allowed on the underground.This report wasnt written very clearly.OTZKAKRTK ODPOV Are safety checks carried out monthly?Was the problem discovered by engineers?Yes, they are./No, they arent.Yes, it was./No, it wasnt.Trpn rod pouvme, jestlie je pro ns dleitj osoba nebo vc, kter se dj tk, ne konatel dje.Jestlie chceme konatel dje vyjdit, pouvme spojen s by.Guests were welcomed by the hotels business manager.Minul as prostPast Simple (Viz nepravideln slovesa, str. 37, a asovou pmku minulho asu prostho, str. 38.)KLADN TVARZPOR I/You/We/TheyHe/She/Itarrived.left.I/You/We/TheyHe/She/Itdidnt (did not) arrive.leave.OTZKAKRTK ODPOV Did he leave? Yes, he did./No, he didnt.POUITPKLADY Ukonen minul dje a situace I lived in Paris from 1999 to 2003.How long ago did you meet her?Trendy v minulosti Air fares went up last month.Pravideln slovesa jsou v minulm ase zakonena na -ed. Podle slovnku poznte, kter slovesa v minulm ase zdvojuj koncovou souhlsku (stop, stopped) a u kterch se mn -y na -i (study, studied).Je-li infinitiv zakonen ve vslovnosti na /d/ nebo /t/ (attend /@"tend/, rent /rent/), vyslovuje se zakonen -ed jako /Id/ (attended /@"tendId/, rented /"rentId/).Minul as prbhovPast Continuous(Viz asovou pmku minulho asu prbhovho, str. 38.)KLADN TVARZPOR I/He/She/It wasworking.I/He/She/It wasnt (was not) working.You/We/They were You/We/They werent (were not)OTZKAKRTK ODPOV Was he working? Yes, he was./No, he wasnt.Were they working? Yes, they were./No, they werent. Oxford University Press 201314 15POUITPKLADY Popisuje dj, kter probhal v okamiku, kdy do nj vstoupil jin djI was working in London when I met my wife.Dj, kter probhal v urit dob v minulostiThis time last year we were staying in Madrid.Zmnn plny We were going on holiday next month but we changed our minds.Pedminul asPast Perfect(Viz asovou pmku pedminulho asu, str. 38.)KLADN TVARZPOR I/You/We/TheyHe/She/Itd (had)arrived.left.I/You/We/TheyHe/She/Ithadnt (had not)arrived.left.OTZKAKRTK ODPOV Had they arrived? Yes, they had./No, they hadnt.POUITPKLADY Minul dj, kter pedchzel jinmu dji v minulostiHe had left when I arrived. She was nervous because she had never flown before.Pedminul as se pouv pro ten dj, kter se odehrl dve.Frzov slovesaPhrasal verbsOddliteln frzov slovesa mohou mt pedmt na dvou rznch mstech.Weve put off the meeting until next week.Weve put the meeting off until next week.Ill pick up the packages this afternoon.Ill pick the packages up this afternoon.Jestlie je vak pedmt u frzovho slovesa vyjden zjmenem, mus vdy stt ve stedn pozici.Weve put it off until next week.Ill pick them up this afternoon.Neoddliteln frzov slovesa mohou mt pedmt jen na jedn pozici. I dont get on with my boss.I dont get on with him.Whos looking after our visitors?Whos looking after them?Monost oddlit frzov sloveso je teba ovovat ve slovnku.Ptomn as prostPresent SimpleKLADN TVARZPOR I/You/We/They work. I/You/We/They dont (do not)work.He/She/It works. He/She/It doesnt (does not)OTZKAKRTK ODPOV Do you work? Yes, I do./No, I dont.Does he work? Yes, he does./No, he doesnt.POUITPKLADY Dlouhotrvajc dje She lives in Stockholm.Zvyky a rutinn innosti How often do you go abroad?Pocity a nzory I dont like spicy food.Fakta It rains a lot in the spring.Rozvrhy, jzdn dy a programy The train arrives at 18.20.Ptomn as prbhovPresent ContinuousKLADN TVARZPOR I m (am) leaving.I m not (am not)leaving.You/We/They re (are) You/We/They arent (are not)He/She/It s (is) He/She/It isnt (is not)OTZKAKRTK ODPOV Are you leaving? Yes, I am./No, Im not.Is she leaving? Yes, she is./No, she isnt.POUITPKLADY Dje odehrvajc se prv te Hes talking to a visitor.Doasn situace a dje Theyre attending a training course today.Souasn trendy House prices are falling.Jist budouc dje Im flying to New York tomorrow. Oxford University Press 201316 17Pedptomn as prostPresent Perfect Simple(Viz asov pmky pedptomnho asu, str. 30.)KLADN TVARZPOR I/You/We/They ve (have) worked. I/You/We/They havent (have not) worked.He/She/It s (has) left. He/She/It hasnt (has not) left.OTZKAKRTK ODPOV Have you worked? Yes, I have./No, I havent.Has it worked? Yes, it has./No, it hasnt.POUITPKLADY Situace, kter zaaly v minulosti a pokrauj do ptomnostiHes been a diplomat for fifteen years.Theyve had a branch in Russia since 1998.Situace a dje, kter se a dosud odehrly Shes lived in several different countries. Theyve built factories all over the world.Minul dje majc dsledky pro ptomnost Demand for the product has risen. Minul dje, kter se odehrly v dob do souasnosti a ve kterch udvme mnostviHow many cars have you sold this year? Ive written three reports this week.V britsk anglitin se pedptomn as prost zpravidla uv ve spojen s just, already, yet, recently a ever.They havent moved house yet.Ive just returned from Denmark.V americk anglitin se zde dv pednost Past Simple minulmu asu prostmu.Pedptomn as prbhovPresent Perfect Continuous(Viz asovou pmku pedptomnho prbhovho asu, str. 38.)KLADN TVARZPOR I/You/ ve (havebeen working.I/You/ haventbeen working.We/They ve (have) We/They (have not)He/She/It s (has) He/She/It hasnt (has not)OTZKAKRTK ODPOV Has he been working? Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.Have they been running? Yes, they have./No, they havent.POUITPKLADY Dje, kter zaaly v minulosti a pokrauj i v ptomnostiWeve been trying to cut costs.Dje, kter zaaly v minulosti a prv skonilyYou look hot! What have you been doing?Prbhov tvar asto pouvme pro zdraznn trvn dje, jeho prbhu, nikoli vsledku.Ive been fixing the car. (Mm pinav ruce.) Ive fixed the car. (A mohu jet do prce.)Prost tvar uvme, kdy hovome o tom, co u bylo dokoneno.Weve opened six factories since 2002.Prbhov tvar meme tak pout, pokud chceme naznait, e dan dj bude pokraovat i v budoucnosti. Weve been operating since 2002. (A stle jet psobme.)Ive been working for my company since 2001. (A budu tam pracovat i nadle.)Vztan vtyRelative clausesVztan vty typ AType A relative clausesPOUITPKLADY Who/whom* vztahuje se k osobm His daughter, who youve met, lives in Canada.Which vztahuje se k vcem I stayed at the Moat Hotel, which was fantastic.Where vztahuje se k mstm Hes returning to Mexico, where he was born.Whose vztahuje se k osobm My boss, whose children are grown up, wants to retire abroad.Whom* se pouv spe ve formlnm, psanm jazyce.That ve vtch typu A nelze pout.Who nebo which nelze vypustit.Tento typ vztanch vt oddlujeme rkami z obou stran.Whose meme pout tak ve vztahu k mstm a vcem.The firm, whose watches sell for over $2,000, is based in Geneva.Vztan vty typ BType B relative clausesPOUITPKLADY Who/that/whom* vztahuje se k osobmThe person who/that got the job was French.The applicant who/that/whom* we saw was well-qualified. Oxford University Press 201318 19POUITPKLADY Which/that vztahuje se k vcem I work for a company which/that provides management and IT training. The language which/that they speak here is a dialect of French.Where vztahuje se k mstm Id like to live in a city where the air is clean.Whose vztahuje se k osobm I met a woman whose husband knows you.Whom* se pouv spe ve formlnm, psanm jazyce.Who, that a which lze vypustit, jestlie jsou v dan vztan vt pedmtem.The person you need to talk to isnt here today.That wasnt the colour I wanted.Whose meme pout tak ve vztahu k mstm a vcem.France is a country whose food is well-known internationally.Nepm eReporting spoken language PM ENEPM E Prices usually go up in spring, she told me. (Present Simple Ptomn as prost) She told me (that) prices usually went up in spring. (Past Simple Minul as prost)Were expanding into Eastern Europe, he said. (Present Continuous Ptomn as prbhov) He said the company was expanding into Eastern Europe. (Past Continuous Minul as prbhov)The plane arrived late, she explained. (Past Simple Minul as prost) She explained that the plane had arrived late. (Past Perfect Pedminul as)We havent sold the company, they told the staff. (Present Perfect Pedptomn as) They told the staff they hadnt sold the company. (Past Perfect Pedminul as)Ill fax the information, he promised (will). He promised he would fax the information. (would)We can increase salaries, they announced. (can) They announced they could increase salaries. (could)Jestlie je sloveso uvozovac (hlavn) vty v minulm ase, as v pvodn pm ei se posune o jednu rove ne.The report took a month to write. He said the report had taken a month to write.Jestlie je sloveso uvozovac (hlavn) vty v ptomnm ase, as v pvodn pm ei se nemn.Therell be a delay. He says therell be a delay.V mluven anglitin se as v pvodn pm ei mnit nemus, obzvlt pokud je dan tvrzen stle platn.I live in Paris. She told me she lives in Paris.Nkdy se pm e reprodukuje tak parafrz, nikoli doslova.Im not going to say anything. He refused to say anything.Po slovesu tell nsleduje pedmt.She told them to leave.Would, should, might a could se v nepm ei nemn.Must me zstat beze zmny nebo se me mnit na had to.May me zstat beze zmny nebo se me mnit na might.asov uren se mn, jestlie by jejich zachovn v nepm ei zmnilo vznam sdlen. PRM ENEPM Etoday that daythis morning that morningtomorrow the next/following daynext week the next/following weekyesterday the day before/the previous daylast week the week before/the previous weekPM OTZKANEPM OTZKAWhere are you staying? He asked me where I was staying.What has happened? They wanted to know what had happened.Will you visit us tomorrow? They asked me if I would visit them the next day.Can you solve the problem? She asked if I could solve the problem.Nepm otzky maj slovosled jako oznamovac vty a pomocn slovesa (do, does, did, atd.) se v nich neuvaj.Where do you work? He asked me where I worked. (Not ... where did I work.)Jestlie v pm otzce nen tzac vraz zanajc na wh-, uv se v nepm otzce if nebo whether.Have you lived abroad? She asked me if/whether I had lived abroad.PM OTZKA/PKAZNEPM OTZKA/PKAZStay in bed for a week. The doctor told her to stay in bed for a week.Dont cause any trouble. He told them not to cause any trouble.Could you sign the letter? She asked him to sign the letter. Oxford University Press 201320 21should have (done)/shouldnt have (done)POUITPKLADY Kritika toho, co nkdo v minulosti udlal nebo neudlalYou should have told me you had problems.He shouldnt have gone home without asking permission.Otzky na podmt a pedmtSubject and object questionsWho a what mohou bt v otzce podmtem nebo pedmtem. Na rozdl od otzek na pedmt se v otzkch na podmt nemn slovosled a neuvaj se v nich pomocn slovesa. Pomocn sloveso vak meme ut v odpovdi na otzku na podmt. Who designs your products? (otzka na podmt) I do./Me.How many employees do you have? (otzka na pedmt) Over 200.asov vtyTime clausesPOUITPKLADY Ve vtch se spojkami when, as soon as, before, after a (not) until uvme pro vyjden budoucnosti ptomn as prost.Ill leave as soon as I finish. I wont make any changes until you agree. Will you phone me when you get to the hotel?Ve vtch vyjadujcch budoucnost meme ut tak pedptomn as prost.Ill leave as soon as Ive finished. I wont make any changes until hes agreed.used to + infinitivused to + infinitive(Viz asovou pmku used to + infinitiv, str. 38.)KLADN TVARZPOR I/You/We/They used to smoke. I/You/We/They didnt use to smoke.He/She He/SheOTZKAKRTK ODPOV Did you use to smoke? Yes, I did./No, I didnt.POUITPKLADY Opakovan dje v minulosti I used to jog two hours a day.Trval stavy v minulosti He used to be a professional footballer.Used to + infinitiv uvme pro zdraznn toho, e v souasnosti u se dan dj neodehrv.I used to do a lot of sport. (Ale dnes u sportuji jen zdka.)Vimnte si rozdlu mezi I used to live in the city centre. (Dnes u tam nebydlm.) a I am used to living in the city centre. (Jsem na to zvykl.)ANGLI TI NA V RZNCH KOMUNI KAN CH SI TUAC CH SOCI AL AND FUNCTI ONAL ENGLI SHRady a nvrhyAdvice and suggestions(S = siln, T = vhav. Vechny ostatn vrazy = neutrln)dme o rady a nvrhy What would you Co bystesuggest we do? navrhoval, abychom udlali?advise us to do? nm radil, abychom udlali?What do you recommend? Co doporuujete?Id like to hear your ideas on this. Rd bych slyel vae nvrhy ohledn tto vci.Do you have any suggestions? Mte njak nvrhy?Do you think we should ... (hire a consultant)? Myslte, e bychom ... (si mli najmout poradce)?Dvme rady a nvrhy Id Jrecommend Doporuoval bych(that) ... (we cut our prices). abychom ... (snili ceny).suggest Navrhoval bychI Jrecommend doporuuji(getting expert advice). (poradit se s odbornkem).suggest navrhujiMy advice would be to ... (ask a lawyer). Radil bych ... (zeptat se prvnka).If I were you Id ... (advertise on TV). Na vaem mst bych ... (dal reklamu do televize). I think you should ... (put up your prices). Myslm, e byste mli ... (zvit ceny).Have you thought of ... (selling abroad)? Pemleli jste o ... (prodeji v zahrani)?Why dont we ... (delay production)? Co takhle ... (odloit vrobu)?How about ... (asking local people)? Co takhle ... (zeptat se mstnch lid)?You could ... (employ more staff). (T) Mohli byste ... (zamstnat vce pracovnk).It might be a good idea to ... (wait). (T) Mohlo by bt dobr ... (kdybychom pokali).Pijmme nvrhy Yes, Im definitely in favour of doing that. (S) Ano, rozhodn souhlasm, abychom to udlali.Yes, I think we should do that. Ano, myslm, e bychom to mli udlat.Yes, thats an interesting idea. Ano, to je zajmav npad.Yes, that sounds like a good idea. Ano, to vypad na dobr npad.Yes, lets do that. Ano, udlejme to.Odmtme nvrhy Im sorry, but thats out of the question. (S) Je mi lto, ale to nepchz v vahu.Im afraid Im not very keen on that idea. Je mi lto, mn se ten npad moc nelb.Im not sure about that. Nejsem si tm jist.Thats very interesting but ... (its too soon). To je velice zajmav, ale ... (je na to pli brzy).No, ... (I dont think that will work). Ne, ... (nemyslm, e by to mohlo jt). Oxford University Press 201322 23Obchodn korespondenceBusiness correspondenceVysvtlujeme dvod, pro pemeI am writing to Pu vmenquire about ... (your latest product range). abych zskal njak informace o ... (va nejnovj nabdce vrobk).inform you that ... (we are moving office). abych vs informoval, e ... (nae firma se sthuje).confirm ... (the details of our recent discussion). abych potvrdil ... (daje z naeho poslednho rozhovoru).Odvolvme se na dopisy a telefontyWith reference to your fax of ... (10 June). S ohledem na v fax ze dne ... (10. ervna).Thank you for your letter of ... (17 March). Dkuji za v dopis ze dne ... (17. bezna).Further to your telephone enquiry, ... (I enclose our catalogue and price list). Na zklad naeho telefonickho rozhovoru ... (pikldm n katalog a cenk).Omluvy I am sorry ... (about the delay). Omlouvm se ... (za zpodn).I apologize ... (for not replying sooner). Omlouvm se ... (e jsem neodpovdl dve).dme o sluby We would appreciate it if you would ... (send us further details). Ocenili bychom, kdybyste ... (nm mohl poslat dal informace).Could you please ... (reserve two single rooms)? Mete mi prosm ... (rezervovat dva jednolkov pokoje)?Please ... (send confirmation of this booking). Prosm ... (zalete mi potvrzen o rezervaci).Pijmme nvrhy I would be Bude mi potenmpleased to ... (attend the meeting). ... (zastnit se tohoto setkn).delighted to ... (act as consultant). ... (pracovat jako poradce).Uvdme dobr zprvy I am S radostpleased to inform you that ... (your application has been approved). vm oznamuji, e ... (vae dost byla schvlena). delighted to tell you that ... (the order has been confirmed). vm sdluji, e ... (vae objednvka byla potvrzena).Uvdme dobr zprvy I am afraid ... (the trip has been delayed). Obvm se, e ... (ta cesta byla odloena).Unfortunately ... (the hotel is fully booked). Bohuel, ... (hotel je pln obsazen).Vysvtlujeme dvody This is Je tothe result of ... (an urgent meeting on Thursday). vsledek ... (nalhav tvrten schze)due to ... (technical problems). kvli ... (technickm problmm).Pikldme plohy I enclose ... (a copy of my book). Pikldm ... (vtisk sv knihy).Please find enclosed ... (airline tickets for Ms R Lanson). Viz ... (letenka pro pan R. Lansonovou) v ploze.Zvren frze Please Prosmcontact us again if ... (we can help in any way). kontaktujte ns znovu, kdybyste ... (od ns cokoli poteboval).let me know if ... (you require any further information). kontaktujte ns, pokud ... (byste poteboval jakkoli dal informace).pass on my best wishes to ... (Bob Wyatt). pedejte mj pozdrav ... (Bobovi Wyattovi).give our kind regards to ... (Seor Curzn). pozdravujte ... (pana Curzna).Odvolvme se na budouc kontakty a setkn I look forward to ... (meeting you). Tm se ... (na nae dal setkn).I very much look forward to ... (meeting you again). Velmi se tm ... (a se s vmi znovu setkm).Looking forward to ... (seeing you soon). Tm se ... (e se brzy uvidme).Email Oslovenvodn vtyDear ... (Graeme) Mil ... (Graeme)Hi/Hello ... (Graeme) Ahoj ... (Graeme)Hi/Hello Ahoj It was good to ... (talk to you yesterday). (N verej rozhovor) ... byl mil.Sorry for Omlouvm senot getting back to you earlier. e jsem neodpovdl dve.the delay in replying. za opodnou odpov.Vysvtlujeme dvod, pro pemeDkujeme za e-mailThis is just to ... (check everythings OK). Jen se chci ... (ujistit, e je vechno v podku).I just wanted to ... (show you the designs). Jen jsem ti chtl ... (ukzat vkresy).Thanks for ... (getting back to me on this). Dkuji, e ... (jste se t zleitosti vnoval).Podn Reagujeme na prosbyCould you ... (find out the times of trains)? Mohl byste ... (mi zjistit odjezdy vlak)?Can you ... (talk to Louis about it)? Me ... (to probrat s Louis)?Would you mind ... (giving a short talk)? Vadilo by vm ... (udlat krtkou prezentaci)?Ill ... (send you the report today). J ... (vm tu zprvu dnes polu). Oxford University Press 201324 25Pinme novinky Pikldme plohyThought youd like to know, Myslel jsem, e ti dm vdtJust to let you know, ...Chci ti dt vdt(we got the contract)! (e jsme uzaveli tu smlouvu)!Here is ... (my report). Tady je ... (ta moje zprva).Ive attached ... (last years figures). Pikldm ... (vsledky z minulho roku). Attached is ... (a plan of the hotel). V ploze je ... (plnek hotelu).Zvren poznmkyOdkazujeme na budouc setkn Let me know ... (what you think). Dej mi vdt ... (co si o tom mysl).Can you get back to me on this? Me se se mnou kvli tomu jet jednou spojit?Looking forward to ... (meeting up next week). Tm se na ... (dal setkn pt tden).Loume se Yours ... Tvj/tv ...Kind regards ... Srdenzdrav ...Regards ... S pozdravem ...Best wishes ... Srden zdrav ...Best ... (Dave) S pnm veho nejlepho ...... (Dave)Neformln korespondenci lze zakonovat pouze kestnm jmnem.Zznam e-mailov adresy Ivan_Marks@cyberserve.comIvan underscore Marks at cyberserve dot com. Ivan podtrtko Marks zavin cyberserve teka comZskvme informaceExchanging informationZjiujeme informace Id like Chtl bychsome information on ... (hotels). njak informace o ... (hotelech).to ask you about ... (flights to Prague). se vs zeptat na ... lety do (Prahy).to know ... (how long the journey takes). vdt ... (jak dlouho trv cesta).Could Mohl byste you tell me ... (how many flights a day there are)? mi ci, kolik letadel tam za den let)? Can MeteDo you know ... (if the flight from Moscow has arrived yet)? Nevte ... (jestli letadlo z Moskvy u piletlo)?Do you happen to know ... (what time the airport bus leaves)? Nevte nhodou ... (v kolik hodin jede autobus na letit)?OvenPotvrzen You did say ... (Tuesday), didnt you? kal jste ... (v ter), e?Thats ... (the 12th of this month), is it? To bude ... (dvanctho tohoto msce), e?So ... (the flight leaves at eight fifteen)? Take ... (ten odlet je v 8.15)?Sorry, did you say ... (thirteen or thirty)? Promite, kal jste ... (13 nebo 30)? Yes, thats right. Ano, pesn tak. I said ... (thirteen). kal jsem ... (13).Dvme najevo, e rozumme Oprava informace I see. Aha.Right. Ive got that. Dobe, rozumm.OK. I understand now. Ano, u to chpu.Sorry, I made a mistake. Its ... (40), not ... (400). Promite, spletl jsem se. Je to ... (40), ne ... (400).Sorry. Thats not correct. It should be ... (10.30). Promite, to jsem neekl dobe. Mlo by to bt ... (10.30).Obraty pro konverzaciInterviewing languageUvdme tma Could I start by asking you about ... Mohl bych zat tm, e se vs zeptm ...(the area of production)? (msto vroby)?Perhaps I could ask you first about ... Mon bych se vs nejprve mohl zeptat ...I wonder if you could tell me about ... Rd bych vdl, jestli byste mi mohli nco ci ...Could we talk about ... (production methods) now? Meme te pohovoit o ... (metodch vroby)?Naznaujeme otzku I imagine ... (a lot of the sherry thats produced is exported). Is that the case? Mm dojem ... (e velk st sherry, kterou vyrobte, je urena na export). Je to tak?So ... (all sherry comes from this area)? Take ... (vechna sherry pochz z tto oblasti)?So if ... (70% is exported), then ... (only 30% is drunk in Spain)? No, kdy ... (jde 70 % na export), tak ... (jen 30 % se spotebuje ve panlsku)?dme dal informace You say ... (tastes are changing). Could you explain in what way? kte, e ... (chut se mn). Mete vysvtlit jak?Earlier you referred to ... (the solera system). Could you describe how... (it works)? Pedtm jste se zmnil o ... (?). Mohl byste popsat ... (jak to funguje)?You said ... (a new image was needed). Could you expand on that? kal jste, e ... (je poteba vytvoit novou image). Mete to njak rozvst? Oxford University Press 201326 27Poadujeme vysvtlen By ... (DO wine), do you mean ... (the wine produced in classified areas)? Tm ... (vnem DO) myslte ... (vno vyrbn v urench oblastech)?Could you explain what you mean by ... (DO wine)? Mete vysvtlit, co myslte tm ... (vnem DO)?Pedstavovn a pozdravyIntroductions and greetings(F = formln, I = neformln. Vechny ostatn vrazy = neutrln)Pedstavovn May I introduce you to ... (Dr Petersen)? (F) Mohu vs pedstavit ... (doktoru Petersenovi)?Id like to introduce you to ... (Tomas Tauber). Rd bych vs seznmil s ... (Tomasem Tauberem).Can I introduce myself? My name is/Im ... (Ralph Keller). Mohu se pedstavit? Moje jmno je/j jsem ... (Ralph Keller).Can I introduce ... (a colleague of mine)? This is ... (Pedro Romera). Mohu vm pedstavit ... (svho kolegu)? To je ... (Pedro Romera). I dont know if you remember me. We met ... (in Prague last year). Nevm, jestli si m jet pamatujete. Setkali jsme se ... (loni v Praze).Hello. I dont think weve met before. (I) Ahoj, mm dojem, e jsme se jet nepotkali/neseznmili.I dont think you two know each other, do you? (I) Myslm, e vy dva se neznte, je to tak?Excuse me. Would you by any chance be ... (Signor Tavazzi)? Promite, nejste nhodou ... (pan Tavazzi)?Hello, you must be ... (Leena). (I) Ahoj, ty jsi urit ... (Leena).How do you do. Jak se mte? How do you do. Jak se mte?Pleased to meet you. Rd vs poznvm. Pleased to meet you, too. Tak vs rd poznvm.Please call me ... (Anna). Prosm kejte mi ... (Anna). Then you must call me ... (Bertrand). V tom ppad mi kejte ... (Bertrand).Pozdravy Good/Nice to see you again. I havent seen you for ages! To je dobe, e/rd t zase vidm. Dlouho jsme se nevidli!How are you? Jak se mte? Very well, thanks. And you? Velmi dobe, dky. A vy?Hows work? Jak to jde v prci? Not too bad, thanks. Very busy. Celkem dobe, dky. Mm spousty prce.How are things going? Jak to jde? Fine, thanks. What about you? Dobe, dky. A u tebe?Hows business? Jak jde obchod? Not too good, Im afraid. Bohuel ne moc dobe.PozvnInvitations(I = neformln. Vechny ostatn vrazy = neutrln)PozvnPijmme pozvnId like to invite you ... (to dinner). Rd bych vs pozval ... (na veei).Thank you. That would be very nice. Dkuji, to by bylo velmi mil.Would you like to join us for ... (lunch)? Chtl bys s nmi jt ... (na obd)?Thank you. Id enjoy that. Dkuji, to by se mi lbilo.Would you like to ... (go to the theatre)? Chtel bys ... (jt do divadla)?Thanks. Id love to. Dkuji, milerd.What about ... (going out for a meal)? (I) Co takhle ... (zajt si nkam na jdlo)?Thats a good idea. (I) To je dobr npad.Odmtme pozvnId love to but ... (Im afraid Ive made other arrangements). Rd bych, ale ... (bohuel u mm domluveno nco jinho).Thats kind of you but ... (unfortunately I wont be able to. Im leaving). To je od vs laskav, ale ... (bohuel to nepjde. Odjdm).Thanks but ... (I cant. Im too busy). (I) Dkuji, ale mm moc prce.Vyjadujeme nzoryOpinions(S = drazn. Vechny ostatn vrazy = neutrln)Ptme se na nzorVyjadujeme svj nzorWhat are your views ... (on the location)? Co si mysl ... (o umstn)?Whats your opinion ... (of the hotel)? Jak je tvj nzor .... (na ten hotel)?What do you think ... (about the design)? Co si mysl ... (o designu)?How do you feel ... (about Johns proposal)? Co si mysl ... (o Johnov nvrhu)?Do you think ... (we need more information)? Myslte ... (e potebujeme jet dal informace)?Im (quite) sure ... (its the best option). (S) Jsem si celkem jist ... (e to je nejlep umstn).I really do think ... (we need more time). (S) Opravdu si myslm ... (e potebujeme vce asu).From a (financial) point of view... (its fine). Z (finannho) hlediska ... (je to dobr).In my opinion ... (its too expensive). Podle mho nzoru ... (je to pli drah).I think ... (its an excellent idea). J si myslm ... (e je to skvl npad).Vyjadujeme souhlas Vyjadovn nesouhlasuYes, I agree completely. (S) Ano, naprosto souhlasm.Yes, definitely. (S) Ano, urit.I agree. Souhlasm.Id go along with that. S tm bych souhlasil.Yes, you have a point there. Ano, rozhodn v tom mte pravdu.In my opinion, thats out of the question. (S) Podle mho nzoru to nepichz v vahu.Im afraid I disagree completely. (S) Je mi lto, vbec nesouhlasm.Im afraid I cant agree with that idea. Obvm se, e s tm nemohu souhlasit.Sorry, but I dont agree. Je mi lto, ale nesouhlasm.Im afraid thats not how I see it. Je mi lto, j to tak nevidm. Oxford University Press 201328 29Vyjadujeme zdrenlivost a pochyby I agree up to a point, but ... (we need more information). Do jist mry souhlasm, ale ... (potebujeme dal informace).You could be right, but ... (its very risky). Mte asi pravdu, ale ... (je to velmi riskantn). Maybe, but ... (I think you should speak to him first). Mon, ale ... (myslm, e bys s nm ml nejdv promluvit).Hovome na schzi nebo v diskusi Participating in a meeting or discussion(I = neformln. Vechny ostatn vrazy = neutrln) ZahjenStanovujeme cleRight. Shall we start? Tak. Meme zat?OK. Lets start. (I) Tak zaneme.The aim of this meeting is to ... Clem na schze je ...In this meeting we need to decide ... Na tto schzi potebujeme rozhodnout...Otevrme diskusi Pechzme k jinmu tmatu(Eric), would you like to start? (Eriku), chtl byste zat?Could you begin, (Rosa)? Mete zat, (Roso)?Can we get back to the main point? Meme se vrtit k hlavnmu bodu?So, lets move on to the next topic ... Tak, pejdme na dal tma ...Poadujeme bli vysvtlen PeruenSorry, (Rosa), I dont quite follow you. Promite, (Roso), njak vs nestam sledovat.Could you explain what you mean by ... ? Mete vysvtlit, co jste myslel tm ...?Would you mind repeating that? Mohl byste to zopakovat?Could you go over that again? Mete to probrat jet jednou?Could I just ask something? Mu se jen na nco zeptat?Before you go on, could I say something? Jet ne budete pokraovat, mu se na nco zeptat?Excuse me. Could I come in here? Promite, mu do toho vstoupit?Zjiujeme souhlas ShrnujemeSo, are we all in agreement? Tak, shodneme se vichni?Do we all agree then? Take vichni souhlasme?So, to sum up ... Tak, abychom to shrnuli ...Weve agreed that ... Shodli jsme se, e ...Uzarme RozlouenWell, I think thats everything. No, myslm, e je to vechno.Is there anything else you want to discuss? Chcete probrat jet nco?Good, lets call it a day, then. Dobe, zakoneme to tedy (den je uzaven, tedy i schzka je uzavena).dosti a nabdkyRequests and offers(I = neformln. Vechny ostatn vrazy = neutrln) dostiSouhlas Could you possibly ... (call him)? Mohl byste (mu) prosm... (zavolat)?Do you think you could ... (come too)? Mysl, e byste mohl ... (pijt tak)?Would you ... (ring the company)? (Zavolal) byste ... (do firmy)?Could you ... (translate this), please? Mohl byste ... (tohle peloit) prosm?Can you ... (give me a hand)? (I) Mete mi prosm ... (pomoci)?Yes, certainly. Ano, jist.Yes, thats no problem. Ano, to nen problm.Yes, of course. Ano, samozejm.Yes, Ill do that. Ano, udlm to.Would Vadilo by vmyou mind ... (checking these figures)? ... (kdybyste zkontroloval tato sla)?No, of course not. Ne, samozejm e ne.Not at all. Vbec ne.Odmtme Im sorry but thats not possible ... (Its too late). Je mi lto, ale to nen mon ... (je pli pozd).Im afraid not ... (I have to go now). Obvm se, e ne ... (u musm jt).I think that will be very difficult ... (Im very busy). Myslm, e by to bude velmi obtn ... (mm spoustu prce).Sorry, but ... (Im too busy). (I) Je mi lto ... (mm moc prce).Nabdky PijmmeWould you like me to ... (book a room)? Chtl byste, abych vm ... (rezervoval pokoj).If you like, I can ... (find out). Jestli chcete, mu ... (to zjistit).Shall I ... (change the flight)? Mm ... (zmnit as odletu)?Do you want me to ... (call her)? (I) Chcete, abych ... (j zavolal)?Would you like ... (a lift)? Chtl byste ... (svzt)?Can I get you a drink? (I) Mu vm nabdnout nco k pit?Do you need a hand? (I) Potebujete pomoc?Thanks. Id appreciate that. Dkuji, to bych ocenil.Thats very kind of you. Dkuji, to je od vs velmi mil.Yes, please. Thanks very much. Ano prosm. Dkuji moc.OdmtmeThanks, but that wont be necessary. Dkuji, ale to nebude nutn.Thats very kind of you but ... (I can manage). To je od vs velmi mil, ale ... (j to zvldnu).Thanks, but please dont bother. Dkuji, ale neobtujte se prosm. Oxford University Press 201330 31RozlouenSaying goodbye(I = neformln. Vechny ostatn vrazy = neutrln) I must be going now... (or Ill miss my plane). U musm jt ... (nebo zmekm letadlo).I think I should get back to my hotel now ... (as Im leaving very early tomorrow). Myslm, e u bych se ml vrtit do hotelu ... (ztra toti odjdm velmi brzy).I must be off. (I) U musm jt.Its been very interesting meeting you. Bylo zajmav se s vmi setkat.I have enjoyed meeting you. Rd jsem vs poznal. Ive enjoyed meeting you, too. Tak jsem vs rd poznal.I hope to meet you again. Doufm, e se jet uvidme. I hope so, too. Tak doufm.I look forward to ... (meeting you again). Tm se, a ... (se s vmi znovu setkm).(I hope you) have a good (Doufm, e) budete mt/strvte pjemnflight. let.weekend. vkend. Thanks ... (and the same to you). Dkuji ... (npodobn). (You too). (I) (Npodobn).Thank you so much for all your hospitality. Moc dkuji za vai pohostinnost.Thanks very much for inviting me out to lunch. Ive really enjoyed it. Dkuji za pozvn na obd, moc se mi to lbilo.Thank you for a really excellent meal. Dkuji za opravdu vten jdlo.Thank you very much for all your help. I really appreciate it. Moc dkuji za vai pomoc.Bye. Ill be in touch (soon). Na shledanou. (Brzy) se ozvu.See you (in May). Uvidme se (v kvtnu).Spoleensk konverzaceSocial responses(I = neformlni. Vechny ostatn vrazy= neutrln) Pozvn a nabdky Would you like to come to our barbecue? Chtl byste pijt na nae grilovn? Id love to, but Ill be away then. Rd bych, ale budu v t dob pry.How about joining us tonight? Co takhle jt dnes veer s nmi? That sounds like a good idea. To zn jako dobr npad.Do you fancy another drink? (I) D si jet jednu skleniku? Thank you. Id like some more wine. Dky, dm si jet trochu vna.Do try one of these canaps. Ochutnej jet jednu jednohubku. Thanks, but I couldnt eat anything else. Dky, ale j u nemu.How do you like your coffee? Jakou kvu pijete? Black, one sugar, please./White, please. ernou, jednu kostku cukru./S mlkem prosm.Would you like a lift? Chtl byste odvzt? Thats very kind of you, if its no bother. To je od vs velmi mil, pokud by vs to neobtovalo.Zdvoil odpovdi Oh, dear. Ive just spilt some wine. Ale ne, prv jsem rozlil trochu vna. Never mind. To nevad.Im afraid Sara couldnt come. Sara bohuel nemohla pijt. Oh, Im sorry to hear that. To je mi lto.Antonio sends his regards. Antonio vs pozdravuje. Thank you. Do give him mine. Dkuji, tak ho ode m pozdravuj.I hope you have a good weekend. Doufm, e strvte pjemn vkend. Thanks. The same to you. Dkuji, npodobn.I hope the next programme goes well. Doufm, e dal program se vyda. Thanks. I hope so too. Dkuji, tak doufm.Im afraid I didnt catch your name. Je mi lto, peslechl jsem vae jmno. Its ... (Claire. Claire Hallan). Jmenuji se ... (Claire. Claire Hallanov).Do you mind if I open this window? Vadilo by vm, kdybych otevel okno? Not at all. Vbec ne.Pednky a prezentaceTalks and presentationsUvdme tma This morning Im going to ... (talk about ...) Dnes budu ... (hovoit o ...)Today Id like to ... (describe ...) Dnes bych rd ... (popsal ...)The aim of my presentation this morning is to ... (explain ...) Clem m dnen prezentace je ... (vysvtlit...)Ive divided my presentation into .../My talk will be in ... (three parts). Rozdlil jsem svou pednku na .../M pednka bude mt ... (ti sti).First, Id like to ... (give you an overview of the project). Nejprve bych rd ... (podal obecn pehled projektu).Second, Ill move on to ... (the role of technology). Potom pejdu k ... (vznamu technologie).Then Ill focus on ... (the financial side). Pak se soustedm na ... (finann strnku).After that well deal with ... (the technical aspects). Potom se budu zabvat ... (technickmi aspekty).Finally, well consider ... (what new skills will be needed). Nakonec zvme ... (kter dovednosti budou zapoteb).Vymezujeme as na otzky Feel free to/Do interrupt me if theres anything you dont understand. Klidn m peruujte, pokud nebudete nemu rozumt.If you dont mind, well leave questions till the end. Pokud vm to nebude vadit, nechali bychom otzky a na konec. Oxford University Press 201332 33Uvdme jednotliv stiShrnujeme jednotliv stiSo, lets start with ... (the objectives ...) Tak, zanme s ... (cli ...)Now lets move on to ... (the next part ...) Te se pesuneme k ... (dal sti ...)Lets turn our attention to ... (design ...) Vnujme te pozornost ... (designu ...)This leads me to ... (my third point ...) To m pivd k ... (tetmu bodu ...)Finally, ... (lets consider ...) Nakonec ... (uvme ...)Ukazujeme vizuln pomcky This transparency/diagram shows .../If you look at this graph you can see... Na zptn projekci /v diagramu vidte ... /Kdy se podvte na tento graf, vidte ...What is interesting in this graph is .../Id like to draw your attention to ... Zajmav na tomto grafu je .../Rd bych obrtil vai pozornost na...That completes my ... (description of ...) Tm jsem dokonil ... (popis ...). So, to summarize, ... (there are five key points ...) Take, abychom to shrnuli ... (mme pt klovch bod ...)Odkazujeme na jednotliv body I mentioned earlier ... (the role of ...) U pedtm jsem znmil ... (vznam ...)Ill say more about this later. ekneme si o tom vce pozdji.Well come back to this point later. K tomuto bodu se pozdji vrtme.As you know ... / As Im sure you are aware ... Jak u vte ... / Jsem pesvden, e jste si vdomi ...Sledujeme porozumn Is that clear?/Are there any questions? Je to jasn?/Jsou k tomu njak otzky?Shrnujeme That concludes my talk./That brings me to the end of my presentation. Tm uzavrm svou pednku./Tm se dostvm ke konci sv prezentace.If you have any questions, Id be pleased/Ill do my best to answer them. Mte-li njak otzky, rd je zodpovm/pokusm se je co nejlpe zodpovdt.Thank you for your attention. Dkuji vm za pozornost.Odpovdme na otzky Thats a good point./Im glad you asked that question. To je dobr poznmka./Jsem rd, e se na to ptte.Can I get back to you on that later? Meme se k va otzce vrtit pozdji?Im afraid I dont have ... (the information at present). Obvm se, e ... (te o tom nemm potebn informace). Im afraid Im not the right person to answer that. Je mi lto, j nejsem ten, kdo by to mohl zodpovdt.TelefonovnTelephoningPedstavujeme se Good morning, Dobr den ... (STM Engineering). Can I help you? ... (STM engineering). Co si pejete? Good afternoon, Dobr denHello. (Claire Hallan) (speaking). Dobr den. (tady Claire Hallanov) (Claire Hallanov u telefonu).Domlouvme se na spojenIs that ... (Rosa)? To je ... (Rosa)?Hello. This is ... (Claire Hallan). Dobr den. Tady je ... . Yes, speaking. Ano, u telefonu.Could I speak to ... (Mr Ames)? Mohl bych muvit s ... (panem Amesem)? Whos calling, please? Kdo vol prosm?Ill just put you through. Hned vs spojm.Im sorry, the line is busy. Will you hold? Je mi lto, linka je obsazena. Pokte si na telefonu?Im afraid Obvm se, e ... (he) isnt available today. ... (on) tu dnes nen.... (he) isnt here today. ... (on) tu dnes nen.... (he)s in a meeting. ... (on) je dnes na schzi.Can I help you? Mohu pro vs j nco udlat?Pijmme vzkaz Nechvme vzkazWould you like to leave a message? Chcete nechat vzkaz?Shall I ask ... (her) to ring you? Mm ... (j) ct, aby vm zavolala?Could I leave a message? Mohl bych nechat vzkaz?Could you Mohl bysteask ... (her) to call ... (Jo)? (ji) podat, aby zavolal... (Jo)?tell ... (him) ... (Jo) called? ... (mu) ct, e volala ... (Jo)?Im calling VolmIm phoning Volmabout ... (tomorrows meeting). ohledn ... (ztej schze).Namlouvme vzkaz na zznamnk Hi, youve reached ... (Dan Pedersen). Ahoj, dovolali jste se ... (Danu Pedersenovi).Im not here right now to take your call. Momentln tu nejsem a nemu brt hovory.Im sorry I cant take your call at the moment. Je mi lto, momentln s vmi nemu mluvit.If youd like to leave a message, Ill get back to you as soon as possible. Pokud zanechte vzkaz, kontaktuji vs, jakmile to bude mon.Please leave your name, number, and a message, and Ill call you back. Prosm sdlte na zznamnk sv jmno, telefonn slo a namluvte vzkaz, zavolm vm. Nechvme vzkaz na zznamnku This is a message for ... (Anthony Poole). Toto je vzkaz pro ... (Anthonyho Poolea).This is ... (Beth Graves) on ... (07709 702673). Tady je ... (Beth Gravesov), telefon ... .Hi ... (Dan), its ... (Beth). Ahoj ... (Dane), tady je ... (Beth).Im just calling to ... (let you know that Ive booked the flight). Volm, jen ... (abych ti dal vdt, e u jsem zarezervoval letenku).I just wanted to ... (ask how everythings going). Chtl jsem se jen ... (zeptat, jak je). Could you Mohl bysteget back to me soon, please? mi dt brzy vdt?call me back? mi zavolat zptky?Call me when you get a moment. Zavolejte mi, a budete mt chvilku.Speak to you soon. Bye. Brzy na slyenou. Oxford University Press 201334 35Domlouvme si schzku When Kdywould suit you? by se vm to hodilo?would be possible for you? by to pro vs bylo mon?What time V kolik hodincould we meet? bychom se mohli setkat?are you free? bude mt volno?Would ... (Tuesday) be convenient? Hodilo by se ... (ter)?Yes ... (Tuesday) would be fine. Ano, ... (ter) by lo.Could you manage ... (tomorrow)? Zvldl byste to ... (ztra)? Yes ... (tomorrow) suits me fine. Ano, ... (ztra) mi to vyhovuje.Shall we say ... (10 a.m.)? eknme ... (v 10 hodin dopoledne)? Yes, I can make it then. Ano, to mu.Can you make it ... (in the afternoon)? Mete ... (odpoledne)? No, Im afraid Im not available then. Ne, obvme se, e nebudu moci.Is ... (3 p.m.) possible for you? Byly by pro vs mon ... (3 hodiny odpoledne)? No, Im afraid Im busy then. Ne, bohuel budu mt spoustu prce.Mnme datum schzky Im sorry, I have to cancel the appointment on ... (Monday). Je mi lto, musm zruit tu schzku .... (v pondl).Im afraid I cant manage our meeting ... (next week). Je mi lto, ale nedostanu se na nai schzku ... (pt tden).Im sorry, but ... (Piet) isnt available ... (at that time). Je mi lto, ale ... (Piet) (v tu dobu) neme.Could we arrange another time? Mohli bychom se domluvit na jindy?Volme mobilnm telefonem Its a bit difficult to talk at the moment. Te zrovna nemohu moc mluvit.Im in a meeting. Can I call you back? Jsem na schzi, mu vm pak zavolat zptky?Sorry, I cant hear you very well. Promite, neslym vs moc dobe.Sorry, can you repeat that? Promite, mohl byste to zopakovat?The signals very poor. Je tu velice patn signl.Youre breaking up. Ztrcte se mi.Im afraid I lost you just then. Obvm se, e se mi v tu chvli ztratilo spojen.Ill be quick, the batterys running low. Budu mluvit rychle, mm slabou baterii.Vrazy v SMS zprvchTexting asap as soon as possible co nejdve ttyl talk to you later pozdji ti zavolmatm at the moment prv te 2nite tonight dnes veerbtw by the way mimochodem c u l8r see you later uvidme se pozdjib4 before pedtm :) Im happy/joking or Good news Jsem asn/vesel/dlm si legraci nebo uvdm dobrou zprvugr8! great! Skvl!r uare you ... ? jsi ... ?thx thanks dky :( Im sad or Bad news Jsem smutn nebo uvdm patnou zprvu tmrw/2moro tomorrow ztra2day today dnesMme hostaWelcoming a visitorCesta na msto pobytu Did you have a good flight? Let byl pjemn?How was your journey? Jak byla cesta?I hope you had a good trip. Doufm, e cesta byla pjemn.How long was the flight? Jak dlouho jste letl?Did you have any problems finding us? Nael jste ns bez problm?How long are you here for? Jak dlouho se zdrte?PobytIs this your first visit to ... (Prague)? Jste ... (v Praze) poprv?Have you been to ... (Brussels) before? U jste nkdy pedtm byl ... (v Bruselu)?What do you think of ... (the city)? Co si myslte o ... (tom/naem mst)?Do you like ... (the food)? Chutn vm ... (to/zdej jdlo)?Are you here on business/holiday? Jste tu sluebn/na dovolen?UbytovnWhere are you staying? Kde jste ubytovan?Whats your hotel like? Jak je v hotel?I hope everything is OK at the hotel? Doufm, e jste s hotelem spokojen.PoasWhat was the weather like when you left ... (Toronto)? Jak bylo poas, kdy jste odjdl ... (z Toronta)?Whats the weather been like in ... (England)? Jak bylo poas ... (v Anglii)?Isnt this weather wonderful/terrible? Nen tohle poas skvl/stran?Zem/msto, odkud pochzmeWhich part of ... (Canada) are you from? Z kter sti ... (Kanady) pochzte?Where in ... (France) do you live? Kde ... (ve Francii) bydlte?Which part of the city/country is that? Ve kter sti msta/zem to je?Have you always lived in ... (London)? Bydlel jste ... (v Londn) odjakiva?ZamstnnWhat do you do? Jak je vae zamstnn? Who do you work for? Pro koho pracujete?Where are you based? Kde sdl vae firma?How long have you been with ... (the company)? Jak dlouho u pracujete ... (u tto firmy)?Cestovn a przdninyDo you often travel abroad? Jezdte asto do zahrani?Have you (ever) been to ... (Brazil)? U jste (nkdy) byl ... (v Brazlii)?ZjmyWhat do you do in your spare time? Co dlte ve volnm ase?Are you interested in sport? Zajmte se o sport?Souasn dn Whats the latest news on ... (the Olympic bid)? Jak jsou nejnovj informace o ... (nabdce firmy Olympic)?Whats the situation regarding ... (unemployment)? Jak je situace ... (co se te nezamstnanosti)? Is there any more news on ... (the elections)? Jsou jet njak dal zprvy ... (o volbch)? Oxford University Press 201336 37JI N DLEI T I NFORMACE OTHER USEFUL I NFORMATI ONData a slaDates and numbersData V datu uvme adov slovky. 15 MayThe fifteenth of May, May the fifteenthV americk anglitin se pi selnm zpisu data uv poad msc den rok. 3/7/06 (BrE), 7/3/06 (AmE), July 3 2006, 3 July 2006 The third of July/July the third, two thousand and six. (BrE)July third/July three, two thousand six. (AmE)Zlomky a desetinn sla 1/2a/one half 3/4three quarters2/3two thirds 1/5a/one fifthPi vyjden zlomkem uvme spojen s pedlokou of. A third of the money was paid in advance.Ve spojen s slovkami vtmi ne 1 uvme podstatn jmno v mnonm sle.The office is one and a half miles from the station.sla po desetinn rce teme jedno po druhm.2.7two point seven9.04nine point oh/nought* four*V americk anglitin se pouv spe zero ne oh nebo nought.Describing trendsPresent trendsPeople aredrinking more/less wine.eating a lot more/less convenience food.More/Fewer people are smoking.A lot more/fewer people are buying microwaves.Past trendsOutputincreasedrosedeclinedfellby 6%. There wasan increasea risea declinea fallof 5% in sales.Sloveso + by (decreased by $40)Podstatn jmno + of + mnostv (a decrease of $40/500/60%) Podstatn jmno + in + pojmenovn ekonomick oblasti (a decrease in inflation/the cost of living/sales)Nepravideln slovesa Irregular verbs INFINITIVMINUL AS MINUL PEST INFINITIVMINUL AS MINUL PEST be bt was/were been light rozsvtit lit litbeat porazit beat beaten lose ztratit lost lostbecome stt se became become make dlat made madebegin zat began begun mean znamenat meant meantbreak zlomit broke broken meet potkat, setkat se metmetbring pinst brought brought pay platit paid paidbuild stavt built built put dt putputbuy koupit bought bought read st read readcatch chytit caught caught ride jet rode riddenchoose vybrat chose chosen ring zvonit rang rungcome pijt came come rise zvit rose risencost stt (o cen) cost cost run bt ran runcut ezat, omezit cut cut say ct said saiddeal zabvat se dealt dealt see vidt saw seendo dlat did done sell prodat sold solddraw kreslit drew drawn send poslat sent sentdrink pt drank drunk set poloit, nastavit set setdrive dit drove driven shine zit shone shoneeat jst ate eaten shoot stlet shot shotfall padat fell fallen show ukzat showed shownfeed krmit fed fed shrink srazit se shrank shrunkfeel ctit felt felt shut zavt shut shutfind najt found found sing zpvat sang sungfly lett flew flown sink potopit se sank sunkforget zapomenout forgot forgotten sit sedt sat satforgive odpustit forgave forgiven sleep spt slept sleptfreeze zmrznout froze frozen slide klouzat se, posunoutslid slidget dostat got gotgive dt gave given speak mluvit spoke spokengo jt went gone spend strvit spent spentgrow rst grew grown split rozdlit split splithave mt had had spread rozit spread spreadhear slyet heard heard stand stt stood stoodhide schovat hid hidden steal ukrst stole stolenhit uhodit hit hit stick pilepit, uvznout stuck stuckhold dret held held take vzt took takenhurt zranit hurt hurt teach uit taught taughtkeep podret kept kept tear roztrhat tore tornknow vdt knew known tell sdlit told toldlead vst led led think myslet thought thoughtleave odejt, opustit, zanechatleft left throw hzet threw thrownunderstand rozumt understood understoodlend pjit lent lent wake probudit se woke wokenlie lht lay lain wear nosit, mt na sob wore worn Oxford University Press 201338 39Unit 1abroadadv/@"brO;d/v zahrani, do zahraniShe worked abroad for a year.ambitionn/&m"bIS@n/ambice, ctidost He has a lot of ambition.applyv/@"plaI/zadat, podat, uchzet se o, podat dostAre you going to apply?associate withphr v/@"s@UsIeIt wID/ spojovat (si) co s mI associate that with my childhood. attemptv/@"tempt/pokusit seHe attempted to do it.attractv/@"tr&kt/pitahovat, lkatShe is attracted to him.authenticityn/O;Ten"tIs@ti/autentinost, pravost, originlnostThey questioned the authenticity of the product.avoidv/@"vOId/vyhnout se, vyvarovat se Avoid seeing him if you can.awardn/@"wO;d/cena, odmna, vyznamennShe won the award.awfuladj/"O;fl/stran, hroznIt was an awful film.backgroundn/"b&kgraUnd/pvod, zzemShe had a background in sales.be trapped byphr v/bi "tr&pt baI/bt chycen, polapenHe feels trapped by his job.benet fromphr v/"ben@fIt fr@m/tit z neho, mt prospch/uitek z nehoYou would benefit from a holiday.bilingualadj/baI"lINgw@l/ bilingvn, dvojjazynHer children are bilingual.borrowv/"bQr@U/(vy)pjit si od nkoho Can I borrow some money?brand / brandingn/br&nd/obchodn znaka/ brandingIt was a well-known brand.break downphr v/breIk "daUn/porouchat seThe car broke down.buildv/bIld/stavt, postavit, vytvoit, vybudovatHes building their house.carnivaln/"kA;nIvl/karnevalThe carnival is in February.cateringn/ keIt@rIN/zsobovn/zajiovn jdel (nap. pro firemn akce)Who is doing the catering?chefn/Sef/fkucha/fkuchakaHe is an excellent chef.come to mindphr v/kVm t@ "maInd/ vybavit se (komu co), napadnout (koho co, nap. mylenka)His name comes to mind when you mention the company.commutev/k@"mju;t/dojdt (nap. do zamstnn, koly)She commutes by train.competitionn/kQmpI"tIS@n/sout, konkurenceThere is a lot of competition.compound (nouns)adj/"kQmpaUnd/ sloen (sloen podstatn jmno) Bookcase is a compound noun.consultancyn/k@n"sVlt@nsi/poradenstv She has her own consultancy.cookery (course)n/"kUk@ri/kuchask, tkajc se kuchaskho umn (kurz)My husband went on a cookery course.cookingn/"kUkIN/vaenMy dad loves cooking.creativeadj/kri;"eItIv/kreativn, tvoiv He is a very creative person.customern/"kVst@m@/zkaznk/zkazniceIm one of the shops best customers.day after tomorrowphrase/deI A;ft@ t@"mQreU/poztIll give him until the day after tomorrow.deal withphr v/"di;l wID/zabvat se (m)I have to deal with my problems.denitionn/defI"nISn/definiceCan you give me a definition of that?designn/dI"zaIn/designThe design was very modern.develop (sth)v/dI"vel@p/rozvjet, vyvjet They need to develop the product further.development (agency)n/dI"vel@pm@nt/ rozvoj, vvoj (agentura zajiujc rozvoj) She works for a development agency in Africa.WORD LI ST asov pmkyTimelinesMinul as prostPast Simple Minul as prbhovPast ContinuousI worked in France for two years used to. I was talking to clients when the fire alarm rang.Pedminul asPast Perfect used to + innitivused to + innitiveHe had left when I arrived. I used to live in a house but now I live on a boat.Pedptomn as prost Present Perfect SimplePedptomn as prost s ever Present Perfect Simple with everShes lived in several different countries. Have you ever been to Japan?Pedptomn as prbhov Present Perfect Continuousfor/sinceIve been working for my company since 2002.PastNowPastNow PastNowPastNow PastNow200020012002200320042005||||||PastNow17:3018:0018:3019:0019:30|||||PastNow200020012002200320042005||||||PastNowsince 2003since last weeksince Saturdayfor a few yearsfor 2 weeksfor a long time Oxford University Press 201340 41efciencyn/I"fIS@nsi/efektivita, vkonnostThey increased the efficiency of the product.e-learningn/"i; lE;nIN/e-learning (vuka pes internet)The university offers e-learning courses.embarrassingadj/Im"b&r@sIN/trapn, nepjemnIt was a very embarrassing situation.emphasizev/"emf@saIz/zdraznit, vyzdvihovat, klst na nco drazI have to emphasize the seriousness of the situation.entertainmentn/ent@"teInm@nt/zbava There is a wide variety of entertainment.expandv/Ik"sp&nd/rozvinout se (o firm), rozrst se, expandovatThe company is expanding next year.fann/f&n/fanouekHe is the groups biggest fan.fashion-consciousadj/"f&Sn kQnS@s/ sledujc posledn mdu, elegantn, inMy daughter is very fashion-conscious.y backphr v/flaI "b&k/lett zpt, vracet se zpt letadlemIf there is a problem, I can always fly back.focus onphr v/"f@Uk@s Qn/zamit se, soustedit seWe need to focus on these points.for agesphrase/fO; "aIdZIz/dlouho, lta I havent seen him for ages.foreignadj/"fQr@n/ciz, zahraninThere are lots of foreign students here.full-timeadj/fUl "taIm/na pln vazek She would like to work full-time.fun-lovingadj/"fVn lVvIN/majc v oblib zbavu a legraciShe is such a fun-loving person.gapn/g&p/mezera, voln mstoThere was a large gap in the floor.get good weatherphrase/get gUd "weD@/mt dobr poasI hope you get good weather while you are away.greetingn/"gri;tIN/zdraven, pozdrav, uvtnThey exchanged greetings.grow upphr v/gr@U "Vp/vyrst, vyrstat He needs to grow up.guessv/ges/hdat, uhodnoutGuess how much this cost!handlev/"h&ndl/eit, zvldat, vst (svenou innost)The factory can handle up to 1,000 orders.heritagen/"her@tIdZ/(kultur) ddictv Spain has a rich heritage.high-techadj/haI "tek/supermodern, technologicky pikovHis house was very high-tech.hold (meetings)v/h@Uld/ zasedat, podat schziThe meeting was held in the boardroom.hospitalityn/hQspI"t&l@ti/pohostinnost We wrote a letter to thank them for their warm hospitality.hotel lobbyn/h@Utel "lQbi/hotelov halaThe hotel lobby was enormous.How are things going?phrase/haU A; TINz "geUIN/Jak se m? Jak to jde?How are things going with you?imagen/"ImIdZ/image, pedstava, dojem Her image was of a professional business woman.improvev/Im"pru;v/zlepit (se), zdokonalit (se)She needs to improve some of her skills.investmentn/In"vestm@nt/investiceIt was a good investment.involvev / adj/In"vQlv/vyadovatShe isnt involved enough.keenadj/ki;n/naden m, dychtiv (udlat co)She is a keen gardener.lateadj/leIt/opodnyIm sorry Im late!launchn/lO;nS/uveden (produktu na trh), zahjen (kampan)The company had a party to celebrate the launch of the product.lets (lets go)phrase/lets/vyjaduje nabdku (pojme)Lets go for a walk!look upphr v/lUk "Vp/vyhledat, najtHe looks up to his father. / Look it up in the dictionary!luckyadj/"lVki/majc tstYou were very lucky!managementn/"m&nIdZm@nt/ managementHe worked in management.meaningn/"mi;nIN/vznam, smyslWhats the meaning of this word?meetv/mi;t/seznmit se, setkat seIll meet you outside the cinema.misunderstandingn/mIsVnd@"st&ndIN/ nepochopen, nedorozumnThere must be some misunderstanding.multimedian/mVlti;"mi;di@/ multimedilnThe college was trying a multimedia approach to learning.negotiableadj/nI"g@US@bl/dosaiteln/eiteln jednnmThe price is still negotiable.negotiatev/nI"g@USi;eIt/jednat, vyjednvatHe negotiated hard and got a good price.neutraladj/"nju;tr@l/neutrlnIm trying to stay neutral in this situation.notebookn/"n@UtbUk/poznmkov blok, zpisnkShe kept her notebook on her desk.otherwiseadv/"VD@waIz/jinak, neboCan you close the window, otherwise well freeze?overcomev/@Uv@"kVm/pekonat, pemociShe overcame her fears.part of speechphrase/pA;t @v "spi;tS/ slovn druhWhat part of speech is that word?partnern/"pA;tn@/partnerHe is a partner in a law company.petn/pet/domc zve, domc mazlek Do you have a pet?pleasantadj/"ples@nt/pjemn, mil, pvtivIt was a very pleasant afternoon.portableadj/"pO;t@bl/penosnWe bought her a portable TV.preliminaryadj/prI"lIm@nri/pedbn, ppravnShe went for a preliminary check.production (co.)n/pr@"dVkSn/vrobn (vrobn spolenost)He works for a production company.protsn pl/"prQfIts/vnosy, ziskyWhat were the companys profits?promotev/pr@"m@Ut/podporovat (prodej), propagovat (vrobek)He was promoted after only one year.pronunciationn/pr@nVnsi"eISn/ vslovnostShe has excellent pronunciation.publicityn/pVb"lIsIti/publicita, propagace They decided to do some publicity.queuingn/"kju;IN/ekn ve frontI hate queuing.recognizev/"rek@gnaIz/poznatShe didnt recognize me.recordv/rI"kO;d/zaznamenat, zaznamenvatShe recorded her thoughts in a book.recruitv/rI"kru;t/najmout, najmat (nov pracovnky)The company is recruiting at the moment.risen/raIz/zven, rstThere was a slight rise in the prices.rolen/r@Ul/roleShe has a very important role.run (company)v/rVn/dit, vst (podnik) He runs his own company.salaryn/"s&l@ri/platHer salary increased.seaside (town)adj/"si;saId/pmosk (pmosk msto)They moved to a quiet, seaside town.see sb.s pointphr v/si; sVmb@di;z "pOInt/rozumt nzoru nkohoI dont really see your point.sentencen/"sent@ns/vtaThe sentence was too long.set upphr v/set "Vp/zaloit (podnik) They set up a small business.sharev/Se@/sdlet s km coThey shared their ideas.show interestphrase/S@U "Intrest/ projevit zjem, zajmat seHe doesnt show any interest.spellingn/"spelIN/pravopis, jak se slovo pe (po psmenech)Whats the spelling of her name?spicyadj/"spaIsi/koenn, ostr, pikantn The food was too spicy.stereotypen/"steri;@UtaIp/stereotypHe doesnt conform to the normal stereotype.stressn/stres/stresHe is under a lot of stress at the moment. Oxford University Press 201342 43stylishadj/"staIlIS/mdn, modern, elegantn, majc stylHer clothes were always so stylish.suburbsn pl/"sVb3;bz/pedmst, tvrti na okraji mstaThey live in the suburbs.successfuladj/s@k"sesfl/spnHis attempt was successful.surngn/"s3;fIN/surfovnHe goes surfing whenever he can.take a messagephrase/taIk @ "mesIdZ/ vydit vzkazCan I take a message?tippingn/"tIpIN/dvn spropitnhoHe didnt know the tipping customs.tips (hints)n pl/tIps/tipy (rady)Do you have any business tips?traden/treId/obchodTrade was very good last month.translationn/tr&nz"leISn/pekladIt was a very bad translation. usefuladj/"ju;sfl/uitenIt is a very useful tool.websiten/"websaIt/webov strnkaThe website has been updated.welcomev/"welk@m/uvtat, pivtat Welcome to London!wonderfuladj/"wVnd@fl/skvl, ndhern, bjenWhat a wonderful surprise!UNIT 2(phone) chargern/"tSA;dZ@/nabjeka (telefonu)Where can I plug in my charger?abbreviationn/@bri;vi;"eISn/zkratka What does that abbreviation stand for?acquirev/@"kwaI@/zskat, nabt, osvojit si The company has just acquired a new building.addv/&d/pidat, doplnitA new building was added to the hospital.airlinen/"e@laIn/aerolinie, leteck dopravn spolenostThey are one of the best airlines in the world.and away you go!phrase/&nd @wei ju; "g@U/a m to, a je toTurn the key and away you go!and so onphrase/&nd "s@U Qn/a tak dleWe discussed when to go, what to see and so on.answerphonen/"A;ns@f@Un/telefonn zznamnkLeave a message on her answerphone.arrangev/@"reIndZ/zadit, ujednat, domluvit siIll arrange the meeting.as well asphrase/@z "wel &z/stejn jako, stejn tak, jako iShe is a singer as well as a musician.availableadj/@"veIl@bl/dostupn, k dispoziciIm sorry, but Mr Harris is not available at the moment.be responsible forphrase/bi; "rIspQns@bl fO;/bt zodpovdn za coShe is responsible for marketing.bear with sb.phr v/be@ "wID/mt trplivost, vydret s kmCan you bear with me for a few weeks?benetsn pl/"ben@fIts/vhody, pspvky The benefits are fantastic.bill (US)n/bIl/bankovkaShe only had a ten-dollar bill.board of directorsphrase/bO;d @v "dIrekt@z/sprvn radaShe was appointed to the board of directors.bonusn/"b@Un@s/prmie, mimodn odmnaHe received his bonus.boredadj/bO;d/znudn, otrvenShe was extremely bored.browsev/braUz/prohlet (si), prochzet (internetov strnky)She was just browsing through the bookshop.build upphr v/bIld "Vp/vybudovat, vytvoit (kontakty)The traffic slowly built up.campaignn/k&m"peIn/kampaThe campaign was a success.cann/k&n/plechovka, konzervaDo you want a can of coke?canteenn/k&n"ti;n/kantna, zvodn jdelnaWe had lunch in the canteen.celebratev/"sel@breIt/slavit, oslavitHow would you like to celebrate?cell phonen/"self@Un/mobiln telefonHe lost his cell phone.CEO (chief executive ofcer)n /si; i; "@U/vkonn editel/vkonn editelkaShe had a meeting with the CEO.collocationn/kQl@"keISn/kolokace ustlen vazba slovTo commit a crime is a collocation.come upphr v/kVm "Vp/nastat, objevit se (o nem neekanm)We watched the sun come up.communismn/"kQmj@nIzm/komunismus Communism believes that everyone is equal.completen/k@m"pli;t/pln, kompletn, dokonenHer journey was complete.compoundn/"kQmpaUnd/sloen podstatn jmnoHe put the chemicals together to make a compound.consumern/kQn"sju;m@/spotebitel/spotebitelkaThe consumer is always right.consumer (packaging)n/k@n"sju;m@/ spotebn (balen)We live in a consumer society.contractn/"kQntr&kt/kontrakt, smlouva He signed the contract.co-ownern/"k@U @Un@/spoluvlastnk/spoluvlastnice, spolumajitel/spolumajitelka He is a co-owner of the house.cut offphr v/kVt "Qf/peruit (telefonn spojen)We were cut off.decisiveadj/dI"saIsIv/rozhodn, urujc, smrodatnIm not a very decisive person.delegatev/"delIgeIt/bt poven, delegovatYou should delegate some jobs.determinationn/dItE;mI"neISn/rozhodnost, odhodlanostHis determination will get him to the top.develop (intransitive)v/dI"vel@p/vyvjet (se), vyvinout (se)The company is developing quickly.discountedv past participle/"dIskaUntId/ zlevnnThe products were heavily discounted.dismissv/dIs"mIs/propustit, dt nkomu vpovHe had to dismiss his employee.do businessphrase/du; "bIzn@s/podnikat He was hoping to do business with them.dot comn/dQt "kQm/teka com pouv se k oznaen spolenost provozujcch obchodn innost na internetuHe works for a dot com. earningsn pl/"E;nINz/vdlekHis earnings doubled last year.e-commercen/i; "kQmE;s/elektronick obchodThe e-commerce industry has grown rapidly in the last few years.employv/Im"plOI/zamstnvat, zamstnat The company employs 500 people.employeen/Im"plOIi;/zamstnanec/zamstnankynHe was liked by his employees.encouragev/In"kVrIdZ/povzbuzovat, povzbuditShe encouraged him to apply.engaged (phone)adj/In"geIdZd/ obsazen (o telefonu)The line was engaged.facilitiesn pl/f@"sIl@ti;z/zazen (nap. rekrean)The hotel facilities were excellent.faintadj/feInt/slab, nejasn (patn slyiteln telefont)I cant hear you very well your voice is very faint.faren/fe@/jzdnThe fare cost $5. feen/fi;/poplatekThey had to increase the fees.re (sack)v/"faI@/vyhodit, propustit (z prce)Ive been fired!rst-name termsphrase/"fE;st neIm tE;mz/oslovovat se kestnmi jmny, odpovd eskmu tykat siMy boss and I are on first-name terms.t in withphr v/fIt "In wID/jt dohromady s m, odpovdat emuHe seems to fit in with the others.ight attendantn/"flaIt @tend@nt/ letuka, stevardShe worked as a flight attendant.fortunateadj/"fO;tS@n@t/astn, majc/pinejc tstShe was fortunate to be there.frustratedadj/frVs"treItId/frustrovan, znechucenHe felt very frustrated.generousadj/"dZen@r@s/velkorys, tdrHelen is a very generous person. Oxford University Press 201344 45get back to sb.phr v/get "b&k t@/ zavolat znovu (pi telefonovn)Can I get back to you on that?get in touch withphr v/get In "tVtS wID/ spojit se, navzat kontaktGet in touch with me when you are back in London.get marriedphr v/get "m&rId/vdt se, oenit seThey got married yesterday.hang upphr v/h&N "Vp/zavsit, poloit (telefon)She hung up.headquartersn pl/"hedkwO;t@z/sdlo (firmy)They had their headquarters in London.hold (the line)v/heUld/nezavovat, nepokldat (telefon)Can you hold and Ill see if hes available?honestadj/"QnIst/estn, poctiv, upmnI dont know how honest he is. hubn/hVb/sted, centrumIt was the commercial hub of the city.in his bloodphrase/In hIz "blVd/v krvi [m to v krvi, m pro nco talent, nemu rozum]The army is in his blood.independentadj/IndI"pend@nt/nezvisl She is an independent woman.insurancen/In"SU@r@ns/pojitnMake sure that you have the right insurance.interferencen/Int@"fI@r@ns/ruen (ruen signlu, ruiv zvuky v telefonu)They were not happy with the interference from other countries.intrayn/"IntreI/box/pihrdka na dolou potuHer intray was full.jailn/dZeIl/vzen, vzniceHe was sent to jail.jeansn/dZi;nz/dnyShe bought some new jeans.journalistn/"dZE;n@lIst/novin/novinkaShe worked as a journalist for a magazine.later onphrase/leIt@ "Qn/pozdji, nsledn, potIm going out later on.lay offphr v/leI" Qf/propustitThe factory workers were laid off.lockern/"lQk@/uzamykateln skkaShe put her coat in her locker.look forward tophr v/lUk "fO;w@d tu;/ tit se naIm looking forward to our holiday.mainadj/meIn/hlavnHistory was her main subject.make an appointmentphrase/meIk @n "@pOIntm@nt/domluvit (si) schzkuWhat time did you make an appointment for?make it (a day/time)phrase/"meIk It/ stihnout, zvldnout (as schzky)What time do you make it?make redundantphrase/meIk "rIdVnd@nt/ propustit z dvodu nadbytenostiThey had to make five people redundant.manage (an appointment)v/"m&nIdZ/ zvldnout, stihnout (schzku)Can you manage next Wednesday?maternity/paternity leaven/m@"tE;nIti, p@"tE;nIti li;v/matesk dovolen/rodiovsk dovolen otceShe is entitled to maternity leave / He gets two-weeks paternity leave.membern/"memb@/len/lenkaShe is a member of a gym.missingadj/"mIsIN/chybjc, neptomn One of her shoes was missing.motivatev/"m@UtIveIt/motivovatShe tried to motivate her team.on leavephrase/Qn "li;v/mimo prci (na dovolen, na nemocensk apod.)Shes on leave at the moment.onlineadv/Qn"laIn/onlineDid you buy that on-line?open-airadj/"@Up@n e@/venku, pod irm nebemThere is an open-air production on.overalladj/"@Uv@rO;l/celkov, souhrnn There will only be one overall winner.overheadsadj/"@Uv@hedz/reijn nklady, reieThey dont have any overheads.overtakev/@Uv@"teIk/pedjet, pedstihnoutThe car tried to overtake.overtimen/"@Uv@taIm/pesas, pesasov prceDo you get paid overtime?overturnv/@Uv@"tE;n/pevrtit, zvrtit, zmnitThe Prime Ministers decision was overturned.package holidayn/"p&kIdZ hQlIdeI/ organizovan dovolen, zjezd s cestovn kancelWe went on a package holiday to Greece.packagingn/"p&kIdZIN/balen, obalThere is too much packaging on goods.parent companyn/"pe@r@nt kVmp@ni/ matesk spolenostThey have a parent company.patientadj/"peIS@nt/trplivA teacher has to be patient.pation/"p&ti;@U/ndvo, atriumWe put the chairs and table on the patio.pension schemen/"penSn ski;m/ dchodov zabezpeen, penzijn pojitn Have you joined the pension scheme yet?performance-relatedadj/"p@fO;m@ns rIleItId/odvozen od vkonu (nap. mzda) Her pay was performance-related.perksn pl/pE;ks/vedlej vhody, poitky (nad rmec hlavnho pjmu)You get lots of perks at this company.planv /pl&n/(na)plnovat, zamletYou need to plan your trip.potentialadj/p@"tenSl/mon, potenciln He has considerable potential.prex/sufxn/pri;fIks, sVfIks/prefix, pedpona/sufix, pponaPrefixes and suffixes can make new words when added to other words.prizen/praIz/cena (v souti), vhraHe won first prize.propertyn/"prQp@ti/majetek, vlastnictv Her property was worth a lot of money.provisionaladj/pr@"vIZ@nl/prozatmn, doasn, pechodnIt is only a provisional offer.put offphr v/pVt "Qf/odloitI have been put off the idea.put throughphr v/pVt "Tru;/spojit, pepojit (telefonick hovor)Can you put me through to Mr Jones?rangen/reIndZ/sortiment, vbr (zbo nebo slueb)There was a wide range of activities.read backphr v/ri;d "b&k/zopakovat, pest znovu (telefonn slo)Can I read that number back to you?registerv/"redZIst@/registrovat, zaregistrovatShe registered her interest.requirementn/rI"kwaI@m@nt/ poadavekIt is a requirement of the job.reunionn/ri;"ju;ni@n/setkn, shledn (nap. tdy po letech)They have a reunion every year.revolutionn/rev@"lu;Sn/revoluceThey started a revolution.rewardingadj/rI"wO;dIN/prospn, uitenHer job was very rewarding.roofn/ru;f/stechaThe roof had a big hole in it.sackv/s&k/vyhodit (ze zamstnn)Did you know that John has been sacked?saunan/"sO;n@/saunaThere is a sauna at the gym.seatn/si;t/msto k sezen, sedadloIs this seat free?senioradj/"si;ni@/hlavn, vysoce postaven, nadzenHe was a senior member of management.sharev/Se@/podl (na majetku firmy), akcieCan we share your table?skillsn pl/skIlz/dovednostiThe job requires skills.softadj/sQft/mkkThe jumper was very soft.speak upphr v/spi;k "Vp/mluvit hlasitji I cant hear you! Can you speak up?specialize inphr v/speS@laIz "In/ specializovat se naShe specializes in family law.spendv/spend/trvit (as)How much have you spent?staffn/stA;f/personl, zamstnanciThe staff was unhappy with the decision.stimulatingadj/"stImjuleItIN/stimulujc, podntnA childs environment should be stimulating.strategyn/"str&t@dZi/strategieThe strategy was working. Oxford University Press 201346 47subsidiaryn/s@b"sIdi@ri/dcein podnik, pobokaShe works for a subsidiary of the company.subsidizedpast participle/"sVbsIdaIzd/ dotovanThe project was subsidized by the government.suitv/su;t/vyhovovatIt doesnt suit you, Im afraid.suitableadj/"su;t@bl/vhodnShe wasnt wearing suitable shoes.support (a movement)v/s@"pO;t/ podporovatShe supports an animal welfare group.synonymn/"sIn@nIm/synonymum, slovo podobnho vznamuWhat is a synonym of that word?tied upphr v/taId "Vp/zaneprzdnnHe is tied up at the moment.tiringadj/"taIrIN/navn, vyerpvajc Her work was tiring.togetheradv/t@"geD@/spolu, spolen, dohromadyLets go together.tolerancen/"tQl@r@ns/toleranceShe had no tolerance for that sort of behaviour.travel agencyn/"tr&vl eIdZ@nsI/cestovn kancelWe had a look in the travel agency.trustn/trVst/vra, dvraI put my trust in him.turnovern/"t3;n@Uv@/obrat [finann] Their turnover was $1 billion last year.ultimatelyadv/"VltIm@tli/nakonec, konec koncThe decision was ultimately his wifes.underlinev/Vnd@"laIn/podtrhvat, podtrhnoutThe report underlines the importance of this issue.unionn/"ju;nI@n/jednota, svaz, unieShe joined the union.wear (clothes)v/we@/nosit (odv)What are you going to wear?welfaren/"welfe@/blahobyt, prosperitaThe welfare of the animals was important.well-knownadj/"wel n@Un/dobe/veobecn znmHe is a well-known actor.wide (range)adj/waId/irok (vbr) There is a wide range of products.wombn/wu;m/dlohaThe baby was growing in her womb.wonderv/"wVnd@/pemlet, uvaovat, lmat si hlavu s mI wonder what shes doing now.workplacen/"wE;kpleIs/pracovit, msto vkonu prceThere have to be safety standards in the workplace.worldwideadj/"wE;ldwaId/celosvtov, na celm svtThere is a worldwide shortage of teachers.UNIT 3accentn/"&ksent, "&ks@nt/pzvukHe has an unusual accent.accommodationn/@"kQm@deISn/ ubytovnThe accommodation was comfortable.aimn/eIm/cl, el, zmrHer aim is to be a manager.analyticaladj/"&n@lItIkl/analytickHe has an analytical mind.approachn/@"pr@UtS/pstup, postoj (k problmu)I think we should take a different approach.archiven /"A;kaIv/archivThe archives were destroyed.argumentn/"A;gj@m@nt/dvod, argument Her arguments were good.attentiveadj/@"tentIv/pozornThe sales assistant is attentive.attituden/"&tItju;d/postoj, stanovisko k emu, nzor na ncoI dont like his attitude.bar chartn/"bA; tSA;t/sloupcov diagram, grafThe bar chart shows the profits.be based at/inphr v/bi; "beIst &t, In/ mt sdlo vShe is based in London. / Shes based at the London office.be descended fromphr v/bi; "dIsendId frQm/bt potomkem kohoShe is descended from royalty.be rightphrase/bi; "raIt/mt pravduYou are usually right!besidesadv/bI"saIdz/krom eho, (jet) navc, nadtoI dont want to go. Besides, its too late now.carefullyadv/"ke@f@li/dkladn, pozorn, opatrnShe walked very carefully.carvingn/"kA;vIN/ezba, plastikaThe carving was of an animal.checkv/tSek/kontrolovat, zkontrolovat, ovitCan you check that again?chinn/tSIn/bradaShe had a scar on her chin.choicen/tSOIs/vbr, volbaIt was his choice.clearlyadv/"klI@li/jasn, zeteln, srozumitelnShe explained it clearly.condentadj/"kQnfId@nt/sebejist, sebevdomHe was a confident child.consultantn/k@n"sVlt@nt/poradceShe would like to be a consultant.coren/kO;/stejnIt is core to our strategy.cross your armsphrase/krQs jO; "A;mz/ kit, zkit ruceShe crossed her arms and looked angry.decipherv/dI"saIf@/rozlutit, rozifrovat I cant decipher her writing.decisiveadj/dI"saIsIv/rozhodujc, rozhodnYou need to be more decisive.degree (of difference)n/dI"gri;/stupe, mra (odlinosti)I agree with you to a certain degree.demandingadj/dI"m&ndIN/nronShe has a very demanding job.demoticadj/dI"mQtIk/staroegyptsk dmotick psmoIt is a demotic language.detailedadj/di;"teIld/podrobn, detailnHer instructions were very detailed.dialectn/"daI@lekt/dialekt, neThere are many different dialects.diplomaticadj/dIpl@"m&tIk/diplomatick He is a diplomatic person.disappearv/dIs@"pI@/zmizetShe disappeared after the party.discoverv/dIs"kVv@/zjistitThe scientists discovered a cure.diskn/dIsk/diskHe saved it on a disk.distractedadj/dIs"tr&ktId/len (strachem, zkost)She seemed distracted.dominatev/"dQmIneIt/vldnout, vvodit, dominovatHe was dominated by his father.enjoyableadj/In"dZOI@bl/pjemn, radostnIt was an enjoyable evening.enthusiasticadj/InTju;zi"&stIk/naden She was an enthusiastic teacher.etchv/etS/rt, vyrtShe etched a picture for me.excitedadj/Ik"saItId/vzruen, nedokav, rozruenHe was getting excited about Christmas.exoticadj/Ig"zQtIk/exotickShe travels to exotic locations.expertn/"ekspE;t/expert, odbornkShe is an expert in her field.extremelyadv/Ik"stri;mli/nesmrn, neobyejnThey are extremely happy together.face-to-facephrase/feIs t@ "feIs/z o do oThey met face-to-face for the first time.nancen/"faIn&ns/financovat, finann zajistit, finann podporovatThe bank will provide finance for the job.exibleadj/"fleksIbl/flexibiln, prun, pizpsobivThe job requires someone who is flexible.uentadj/"flu;@nt/plynul, schopn plynule mluvit cizm jazykemShe is fluent in three languages.fortn/fO;t/pevnost, opevnnThe fort was a ruin.gentlyadv/"dZentli/jemn, mrn, zlehka She touched him gently.gesturen/"dZestS@/gesto, posunek, gestikulaceThey communicated through gestures.get (receive)v/get/zskat, dostatI got a postcard.get (to travel, see places)v/get/jet, odjet mI get to see many places as a result of my job.give upphr v/gIv "Vp/nechat, zanechat, vzdt (se), pestat s mDont give up!goodsn pl/gUdz/zboThe goods were delivered. Oxford University Press 201348 49halfn/hA;f/polovina, pl, plkaIt will take you an hour and a half.hieroglyphicn/haIr@"glIfIk/hieroglyfy (psmo)The hieroglyphics were in excellent condition.high-proleadj/haI "pr@UfaIl/pitahujc pozornostIt was a high-profile case.hostileadj/"hQstaIl/neptelsk, nepzniv, odmtavThe situation was hostile.impressv/Im"pres/zapsobit, udlat dojemShe impressed them at the interview.in exchange forphrase/In "IkstSeIndZ fO;/vmnou za coHe took it in exchange for the work.innovativeadj/"In@v@tIv/novtorsk, prkopnickThey were an innovative company.interpretationn/IntE;pr@"teISn/vklad, vysvtlen, interpretaceWhat is your interpretation?interruptv/Int@"rVpt/peruit, peruovat She was always interrupting me.intrusiveadj/In"tru;sIv/dotrn, ruiv Her presence was intrusive.investment bankn/"Investm@nt b&nk/ investin bankaShe worked at an investment bank.keenadj/ki;n/dychtiv (udlat co), naden mHe was a keen golfer.keep sth. visiblephrase/ki;p "vIz@bl/ udrovat nco viditeln, na viditelnm mst You should keep your badge visible at all times.lean back/forwardphr v/li;n "b&k, "fO;w@d/zaklonit se/ pedklonit seLean back and relax!logicaladj/"lQdZIkl/logickIt was the logical answer.magnicationn/m&gnIfI