international journal of chemistry and pharmaceutical sciences · 2014-04-03 · international...

Qazi Zaid Ahmad et al

International Journal of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

International Journal

Clinical Evaluation of Herbal Formulation Qurs Deedan Jadeed for its

Qazi Zaid Ahmad1, Santosh

1Deptt. of Saidla A.K.Tibbiya College AMU Aligarh, India

Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Experimental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Results and discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . 6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

© 2013, IJCPS All Rights Reserved

Helminthic infection has a worldwide distribution with the greatest incidence and intensity occurring in developing countries. It is estimated that as much as 60% of the world’s population is infested with intestinal worms. Helminthic infections are the main cause of loss of appetite, iron deficiency anemia, gastrointestinal or biliary obstruction, they also cause malnutrition in and cognitive functions. Due to the increased resistance and adverse effect of the synthetic anthelmintic drugsled to the increase in interest of ethnomedical practices across the world for thtreatment of helmintic diseases. compound which are useful against intestinal worms. Some of them are described as (vermifuge) and Qatel-e -deedan Jadeed is one such preparation which was selected for clinical trial. An conducted on 50 Diagnosed patients of helmintic infection, qualifyitrial after having their informed consent. with a glass of water for a period anthelmintic activity as 60% of the patients have shown removal of ova & cyst at 7of the patient got dewormed. The present study showed that the test drug possessed significant anthelmintic effect as mentioned in ancient Unani literature and the study also scientifically substantiated the therapeutic use of Qurs Deedan Jadeed as safe and effective therapy in the management of intestinal wormsKeyword: Qurs Deedan Jadid, Unani Medicine, Anthelmintic Activity, Herbal

*Corresponding author Qazi Zaid Ahmad E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript ID: IJCPS2010 Published Online 27 March 2014

IJCPS,


Research Article

International Journal of Chemistry and

Pharmaceutical Sciences

www.pharmaresearchlibrary.com/ijcps

Clinical Evaluation of Herbal Formulation Qurs Deedan Jadeed for its Anthelmintic Activity

Santosh Joshi2, Aziz Ur Rahman1, Md Imran Khan

Deptt. of Saidla A.K.Tibbiya College AMU Aligarh, India

2Hamdard Laboratories, India.

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Experimental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Results and discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abstract Helminthic infection has a worldwide distribution with the greatest incidence and intensity occurring in

It is estimated that as much as 60% of the world’s population is infested with intestinal worms. Helminthic infections are the main cause of loss of appetite, iron deficiency anemia, gastrointestinal or biliary obstruction, they also cause malnutrition in children which leads to impairments in physical, intellectual, and cognitive functions. Due to the increased resistance and adverse effect of the synthetic anthelmintic drugsled to the increase in interest of ethnomedical practices across the world for the use of medicinal plants in treatment of helmintic diseases. Unani System of Medicine also possesses several drugs both single and compound which are useful against intestinal worms. Some of them are described as

(vermicidal) while others may comprise both these properties. is one such preparation which was selected for clinical trial. An Open, Observational, clinical trial

50 Diagnosed patients of helmintic infection, qualifying the inclusion criteria, invited for clinical trial after having their informed consent. QDJ was administered orally in dosage of 2 tablets daily at bed time

f water for a period of 12 days. This study demonstrates that the test drug has sianthelmintic activity as 60% of the patients have shown removal of ova & cyst at 7th days and at 12

The present study showed that the test drug possessed significant anthelmintic ent Unani literature and the study also scientifically substantiated the therapeutic use

as safe and effective therapy in the management of intestinal wormsQurs Deedan Jadid, Unani Medicine, Anthelmintic Activity, Herbal formulation

March 2014

IJCPS, 2014, Vol.2(3): 710-716

710

ISSN: 2321-3132

of Chemistry and

Clinical Evaluation of Herbal Formulation Qurs Deedan Jadeed for its

Imran Khan 2, Asad Mueed2

Deptt. of Saidla A.K.Tibbiya College AMU Aligarh, India

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711 Experimental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

PAPER-QR CODE

Helminthic infection has a worldwide distribution with the greatest incidence and intensity occurring in It is estimated that as much as 60% of the world’s population is infested with intestinal

worms. Helminthic infections are the main cause of loss of appetite, iron deficiency anemia, gastrointestinal or children which leads to impairments in physical, intellectual,

and cognitive functions. Due to the increased resistance and adverse effect of the synthetic anthelmintic drugs e use of medicinal plants in

Unani System of Medicine also possesses several drugs both single and compound which are useful against intestinal worms. Some of them are described as Mukhrije deedan

(vermicidal) while others may comprise both these properties. Qurs Deedan Open, Observational, clinical trial

ng the inclusion criteria, invited for clinical QDJ was administered orally in dosage of 2 tablets daily at bed time

This study demonstrates that the test drug has significant days and at 12th days 97%

The present study showed that the test drug possessed significant anthelmintic ent Unani literature and the study also scientifically substantiated the therapeutic use

as safe and effective therapy in the management of intestinal worms formulation

Qazi Zaid Ahmad et al IJCPS, 2014, Vol.2(3): 710-716

International Journal of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences 711

1. Introduction Helminthic infections continue to be major health hazard of people, especially those living in tropical developing countries. Current estimates suggest that over half of the world population is infected with intestinal helminths, such as Ascaris, hookworms, Trichuris, Enterobius, Strongyloides, and tapeworms, and that most of these infected people live in remote rural areas in the developing countries (De Silva et al. 2003). Infections with gastrointestinal helminths often lead into malabsorption, diarrhoea, anaemia and other states of poor health, particularly in infants and school-age children (P.J Hotez et al.2007). Though there are several synthetic anthelmintics available at the present time against these parasites, the fact remains that a large proportion of the world’s population still do not have access to, or cannot afford to pay for modern medicines, particularly in remote rural areas in poor countries (WHO.2003). Besides, the continued usage of current anthelmintic drugs is also posing a major problem of drug resistance in several parasite species as well as unwanted adverse effect such as abdominal discomfort, nausea vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness vertigo,rashes are common and they are also contraindicated for certain groups of patients like pregnant and lactating woman (Savioli et al. 2003). This has led to the increase in interest of ethnomedical practices across the world for the use of medicinal plants in treatment of helmintic diseases ( Alawa et al. 2003; Satyavati et al. 1976). Plants are known to provide a rich source of herbal anthelmintics, antibacterials and insecticides remedies.(Lewis et al.1977; Nadkarni 1954). A number of medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of parasitic infections in man as well as in animals(Chopra et al. 1958; Akhtar et al. 2000). In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in new reports of the antiparasitic activity of natural products, both from scientific studies and from studies into the traditional uses of these products for treating diseases (Akhtar et al. 2000; Prakash et al.1987). Thus, plant/herbal based medicines have become indispensable and are forming an integral part of the primary health care system the world over (Girendra Kumar et al 2014; Amita Pandey et al. 2014) Reports from around the world include an exhaustive list of medicinal plants that have been found to possess significant activity against helminth parasites. (Akhtar et al. 2000; Mali et al. 2008; Prakash et al.1987). Unani System of Medicine also possesses several drugs both single and compound which are useful against intestinal worms. Some of them are described as Mukhrije deedan (vermifuge) and Qatel-e -deedan (vermicidal) while others may comprise both these properties. Qurs Deedan Jadeed is one such preparation which was selected for clinical trial. Its ingredients are shown in table 1.

2. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 50 diagnosed patient of helmintic infection. The positive cases were administered with Qurs Deedan Jadeed manufacturing license no. U-212/78) for a period of 12 days. After taking through history and examination following investigation were carried out in every patient at 0 day 7th day and after 12th day.

• Routine hemogram and urine examination • examination of stool: Macroscopic and microscopic • X-ray chest, PA view

Inclusion criteria:

• H/O Passing adult worm in vomiting or per rectum • With associted sign/symptoms: • Abdominal discomfort, anemia, nausea, vomiting, increased and decreased appetite, • Allergic manifestation, itching, urticaria etc. • Sign of malnutrition: anemia, weight loss, pot belly etc • PICA, hepatomegally etc. • Only those patients are subjected to the clinical trial that have positive confirmed diagnostic reports of

single or mixed infection caused by intestinal worm with associated sign and symptoms. • Patients were not less than 3 yrs and not more than 60 yrs •

Exclusion criteria: • Patent suffering from diseases e.g. hypertension, diabetese mellitus, TB were discarded out of the clinical

trial • Major medical illness • Depression, Anxiety or Psychosis • Clotting disorders • More than 2 visits/month for mental healthcare • Use of any other alternative medicine during study period



• Negative diagnostic report of single or mixed infection of helminths Procedure of study: Diagnosed patients of helmintic infection, qualifying the inclusion criteria, invited for clinical trial after having their informed consent. Study design: Open, Observational, clinical trial Sample size: Total Number of Patients: 50 Dosages: QDJ was administered orally in dosage of 2 tablets daily at bed time with a glass of water for a period of 12 days Follow up: 0 day, 7 day, 12th. Duration of protocol: 12 days

Table 1. Ingredients of Qurs Deedan Jadeed and their pharmacological profile

S.no Ingredients Botanical Name

Part Used

Chemical constituents

Action Uses

1 Sat Hanzal Citrullus colocynthis

Fruit Pulp Colocynithine. Fatty acids, oliec acid lienolic acid

Vermicidal 1antibaterial anticancerous (Adams et al. 2001)

fever, intestinal parasites, constipation, visceral and cerebral congestions

2 Zanjabeel Zingiber officinale Rhizome gingerols, shogaols, paradols, and zingerone

Carminative, aromatic, stimulant, increases prostaglandins, adjuvant to tonic remedies

(Agrwal et al. 2001; Jabbar et al.2007; Rohini et al.2011)

common colds, fever, rheumatic disorders, gastrointestinal complications, motion sickness, diabetes, cancer, etc.

3 Kameela Mallotus philippinensis

Glandular Pubescence of Fruit

Berginineflavonoids, glycosides, tannins, phenolics, and triterpenes,

Anthelmintic, antiparasitic, Antifilarial Activity (Akhtar et al. 1992; Gupta et al. 1984)

Skin infection, wound healing, intestinal worm, allergic conditions

4 Haldi Curcuma longa Rhizome & Tuber Turmeric oil or

turmerol, caproic acid, valeric acid, d-sabinene, alcohol.

Anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, natural color, aromatic. (Rohini et al.2011)

Wounds, skin disease, itching, eczema, intermittent fever, conjunctivitis.

5 Gond Keekar Acacia Arabica Gum As binding agent

3. Results and Discussion Observation and Result:

Table 2. Incidence of helmintic infection at different ages S.no Age No. of Patients % Age

1 04-24 25 50

2 25-34 10 20%

3 35-44 9 18%

4 45-60 6 12%

Total 100%

Incidence is highest among 4-34 age group.



Table 3

S.no Soc. Status

1 Lower class

2 Middle class

3 High class

Total

S.no. Soc. Status

1 Non vegetarian

2 Vegetarian

3

Total

IJCPS,


Table 3. Showing relation of Socio-economic status

Soc. Status No. of Patients % Age

Lower class 22 44%

Middle class 20 40%

High class 8 16%

100%

Table 4. Showing food habit

Soc. Status No. of Patients %age

Non vegetarian 40 80%

Vegetarian 4 8%

PICA 6 12%

100%

IJCPS, 2014, Vol.2(3): 710-716

713



S.no. Nature of infection

1 Single infection

2 Mixed infection

Total

Table 6.

Ova &Cyst

% age

% Age

IJCPS,


Table 5. Showing nature of infection

Nature of infection

No. of patient % age

Single infection 27 54%

Mixed infection 10 46%

100%

. Showing Improvement before and after treatment

Before Treatment After treatment % A

0 day 7th days 12th

50 30 3

100% 40% 6%

0 60% 97%

IJCPS, 2014, Vol.2(3): 710-716

714

Showing Improvement before and after treatment

Age

days

3

6%

97%



Patient having ova & cyst in their stool pre and post treatment Discussion: A clinical trial of Qurs Deedan Jadeedpositive cases of single as well as mixed helmintic infection. The macroscopic and microscopic investigation of the stool is carried at 0 day, 7th day and 12activity as 60% of the patients have shown removal of ova & cyst at 7dewormed. They have also reported relieffurther noted that during entire course of study the test drug did not produce any adverse reaction and side effect to the participant. The versatile combination of the test drug also indicates towards the anthelmintic action as thedifferent experimental studies and clinical trials scientifically validated the anthelmintic activity of the ingredients of Qurs Deedan Jadeed (Adams et al. 2001; Agrwal et al. 2001; Jabbar et al.2007;al.2011; Gupta et al. 1984).

The present study showed that the test drug possessed significant anthelmintic effect as mentioned in ancient Unani literature and the study also scientifically substantiated the therapeutic use of effective therapy in the management of intestinal worms.

We are grateful to the pathologist and laboratories who contributed the stool report data for this study thanks are due to the clinician who responded the questionnaire and monitored the clinical study

1. N.R. De Silva, Brooker S. , Hotez P. J., Montresor A., Engels E. and Savioli L. Soil transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture. Trends in parasitol 2003; 19: 547

2. P.J. Hotez, Molyneux D. H., Fenwick A., Kumaresan J., Sachs S.E., Sachs J.D., and Savioli L. Control of neglected tropical diseases. New Eng J Med 2007; 357: 1018

3. WHO. WHO Traditional Medicine strategy 2002 4. L. Savioli, Crompton D.W.T. and Neira M., Use of anthelminthic drugs during pregnancy,

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 5. C.B.I. Alawa, Adamu A.M., Gefu J.O., Ajanusi O.J., Abdu P.A., Chiezey N.P., Alawa J.N. and Bowman

D.D., In vitro screening of two Nigerian medicinal plants (for anthelmintic activity, Veterinary Parasitolog,y

6. G.V. Satyavati, Raina M.K. and Sharma M., of Medical Research, New Delhi (1976)

7. W.H. Lewis and Elvin-Lewis M.P.H., Sons, New York (1977)

8. A.K. Nadkarni, Indian Materia Medica, 9. R.N. Chopra, Chopra I.C., Handa K.L. and Kapur L.D., Chopra’s Indigenous Drugs of India, U.N. Dhur

and Sons (P) Ltd., Calcutta, India, 303 (1958)10. M.S. Akhtar, Iqbal Z., Khan M.N. and Lateef M., Anthelmintic activity of medicinal plants with

particularreference to their use in animals in Indo(2000).

IJCPS,


Patient having ova & cyst in their stool pre and post treatment

Qurs Deedan Jadeed was under taken upon intestinal helminthic infection in a number of 50 positive cases of single as well as mixed helmintic infection. The macroscopic and microscopic investigation of the

day and 12th day. This study demonstrates that the test drug has significant anthelmintic activity as 60% of the patients have shown removal of ova & cyst at 7th days and at 12th days 97% of the patient got

reported relief in clinical sign and symptoms with general hefurther noted that during entire course of study the test drug did not produce any adverse reaction and side effect to the participant. The versatile combination of the test drug also indicates towards the anthelmintic action as thedifferent experimental studies and clinical trials scientifically validated the anthelmintic activity of the ingredients of

(Adams et al. 2001; Agrwal et al. 2001; Jabbar et al.2007; Akhtar et al. 1992;

4. Conclusion The present study showed that the test drug possessed significant anthelmintic effect as mentioned in ancient Unani literature and the study also scientifically substantiated the therapeutic use of Qurs Deedan Jadeedeffective therapy in the management of intestinal worms.

5. Acknowledgement We are grateful to the pathologist and laboratories who contributed the stool report data for this study thanks are due

questionnaire and monitored the clinical study

6. Reference N.R. De Silva, Brooker S. , Hotez P. J., Montresor A., Engels E. and Savioli L. Soil transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture. Trends in parasitol 2003; 19: 547-551.

otez, Molyneux D. H., Fenwick A., Kumaresan J., Sachs S.E., Sachs J.D., and Savioli L. Control of neglected tropical diseases. New Eng J Med 2007; 357: 1018-1027. WHO. WHO Traditional Medicine strategy 2002 – 2005. WHO/EDM/TRM/2002. 1, 2002, PP. 61

Savioli, Crompton D.W.T. and Neira M., Use of anthelminthic drugs during pregnancy, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 188, 5–6 (2003) C.B.I. Alawa, Adamu A.M., Gefu J.O., Ajanusi O.J., Abdu P.A., Chiezey N.P., Alawa J.N. and Bowman

tro screening of two Nigerian medicinal plants (Vernonia amygdalina Veterinary Parasitolog,y 113, 73–81 (2003)

G.V. Satyavati, Raina M.K. and Sharma M., Medicinal Plants of India, Vol. I, pp: 201of Medical Research, New Delhi (1976)

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Indian Materia Medica, 3rd Ed. Popular Prakashan, Bombay, India (1954)R.N. Chopra, Chopra I.C., Handa K.L. and Kapur L.D., Chopra’s Indigenous Drugs of India, U.N. Dhur and Sons (P) Ltd., Calcutta, India, 303 (1958) M.S. Akhtar, Iqbal Z., Khan M.N. and Lateef M., Anthelmintic activity of medicinal plants with

rence to their use in animals in Indo–Pakistan subcontinent, Small Rumin. Res.,

IJCPS, 2014, Vol.2(3): 710-716

715

Patient having ova & cyst in their stool pre and post treatment

was under taken upon intestinal helminthic infection in a number of 50 positive cases of single as well as mixed helmintic infection. The macroscopic and microscopic investigation of the

ates that the test drug has significant anthelmintic days 97% of the patient got

in clinical sign and symptoms with general health improvement. It is further noted that during entire course of study the test drug did not produce any adverse reaction and side effect to the participant. The versatile combination of the test drug also indicates towards the anthelmintic action as the different experimental studies and clinical trials scientifically validated the anthelmintic activity of the ingredients of

Akhtar et al. 1992; Rohini et

The present study showed that the test drug possessed significant anthelmintic effect as mentioned in ancient Unani Qurs Deedan Jadeed as safe and

We are grateful to the pathologist and laboratories who contributed the stool report data for this study thanks are due

N.R. De Silva, Brooker S. , Hotez P. J., Montresor A., Engels E. and Savioli L. Soil transmitted helminth

otez, Molyneux D. H., Fenwick A., Kumaresan J., Sachs S.E., Sachs J.D., and Savioli L. Control of

2005. WHO/EDM/TRM/2002. 1, 2002, PP. 61 Savioli, Crompton D.W.T. and Neira M., Use of anthelminthic drugs during pregnancy, American

C.B.I. Alawa, Adamu A.M., Gefu J.O., Ajanusi O.J., Abdu P.A., Chiezey N.P., Alawa J.N. and Bowman Vernonia amygdalina and Annona senegalensis)

Vol. I, pp: 201–06. Indian Council

Medicinal Botany Plants Affecting Man’s Health, John Wiley and

3rd Ed. Popular Prakashan, Bombay, India (1954) R.N. Chopra, Chopra I.C., Handa K.L. and Kapur L.D., Chopra’s Indigenous Drugs of India, U.N. Dhur

M.S. Akhtar, Iqbal Z., Khan M.N. and Lateef M., Anthelmintic activity of medicinal plants with Small Rumin. Res., 38, 99–107



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13. Girendra Kumar Gautam, Devendra Pratap Singh, Umesh Dhakad, Ravi Krishna Bhagwant, Krishna GLA. Uses of Some Traditional Medicinal Indian Plants. IJCPS, Vol.2(1): 576-580

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