international journal of landscape planning and architecture vol 2 issue-1

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Architecture

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¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and InfrastructurePlanning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional PlanningDevelopment

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

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3 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

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International Journal of

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Jan – June 2016IJLPA

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Managing Director,JournalsPub,

New Delhi

Hidam Renubala

Ankita Singh

Akanksha Marwah

Deepika Bhadauria

Commissioning Editors

Priyanka Garg

Chhavi Goel

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Dr. Adesoji David JiboyeDepartment of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo

University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Dr. Steve Kardinal JusufNational University of Singapore,

Singapore

Dr. Nelly Shafik RamzyAssociate Professor, Sinai University Faculty of

Engineering Sciences, Cairo, Egypt., Egypt

Dr. Yogesh K. GargMaulana Azad National Institute of

Technology, Bhopal, India

Assistant Professor Department of Horticulture and Landscape,

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Prof. Elham HatamiProfessor, Daneshpajhoohan University,

Islamic Republic of Iran

Shima HamidiUniversity of Utah, Salt Lake City,

UT, United States

Dr. Mohd Fairuz ShahidanUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Er saikala LakshminarayananNational Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,

Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Mohammad Arif KamalDept. of Architecture Aligarh Muslim

University Aligarh, India

Minakshi JainNational Institute of Technology Hamirpur

(H.P), India

Dr. Suchandra Bardhan,Jadavpur University,

India

Kailas M. RaoManipal University,

India

Mr Akmal HakimDepartment of Architecture, Southeast

University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dr. Amar Nath NayakVeer Surendra Sai University of Technology,

India

Dr. B. S. Bhooshan, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, BSB

Architects, Bangalore and Mysore, India

Prakash Chandra Tamrakar, Department of Architecture and Interior, Decoration & Design, Government Girls

Polytechnic, Raipur (C.G.), India

Mr. Saptarshi Sanyal, Assistant Professor of Architecture, School of Planning & Architecture, (SPA) New Delhi,

India

Ayman Hassaan Ahmed MahmoudDepartment of Architecture Engineering,

Faculty of Engineering, Cairo Unversity, Giza, Egypt

Dr. Ashwani KumarDepartment of Architecture and Planning, Malaviya National Institute of Technology

Jaipur, India

Dr. Steve Kardinal JusufSchool of Design and Environment,

National University of Singapore, Singapore

Ankur Prabhakar Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab,

India.

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Nishant NathaniAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture & Planning, Amity University Haryana, India

From the Editor's Desk

Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

journal, International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture. This journal is

part of the Architecture community, and is devoted to the scope of present Landscape

Planning and Architecture issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the

validation of emerging technologies.

This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Landscape Planning and

Architecture as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of

scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Architectural community,

addressing researchers and practitioners in this area.

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propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and

professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Architecture in general.

Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-

time & successfully.

International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture focuses on original high-quality research in

the realm of Design techniques of gardens and parks, Plant systems and processes, Landscape engineering,

Challenges of environmental planning and design. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and

researchers to share the techniques of Landscape Planning and Architecture and solutions in the area.

Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Landscape Planning

and Architecture community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the

idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others,

reporting new developments in the field of Landscape Planning and Architecture.

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would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the

editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project.

It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Architecture readers and will

stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Landscape Planning and Architecture.

Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

1. Designing and Application of Prefabricated Structures in Building Construction Works A.N. Sarkar 1

2. How to Control Climatic Conditions by Vernacular Architecture in Palei, Rajasthan Zeeshan Ansari, Avitesh 27

3. Built Heritage at MenaceMohammad Farhan Fazli 35

4. Environment Feasibility Need to Step-Up in IndiaAnkita Singh 40

5. How a City Develops With Respect to Architecture Bulandshahr Part-1 (Present Condition)Avitesh 42

Contents

IJLPA (2016) 1–26 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Designing and Application of Prefabricated Structures in

Building Construction Works

A.N. Sarkar*

Asia-Pacific Institute of Management, 3 & 4 Institutional Areas, Jasola (Sarita Vihar), New Delhi, India

Abstract

Prefabricated structure; also popularly called Prefab or Precast, is an old concept that

originated in the UK way back in 1837. Innovative engineering designing and the wide-

ranging applications of the prefabricated structure has revolutionarised the realty industries

at large world over, Among others, two broad areas using wide-ranging variants of prefab in

the construction woks are building and bridges. Prefabricated construction is a new

technique and is desirable for large-scale housing programmes. The paper discusses at

length the various designing and application aspects of prefabricated structures in building

construction work; including in the earthquake-prone areas. The scope of blending

prefabricated structure with modular structure in an integrated manner has also been

discussed in the paper.

Keywords: building construction, modular structure, prefabricated structure, seismic zone

PREFABRICATION/PRECASTING:

THE CONCEPT

A prefabricated structure or building is a

structure that has several factory built

components that are assembled on a site.

These premade components can consist of

panels, modules or transportable sections.

Like modular home, manufactured home,

panelised home, or site-built home, the

word ‘Prefab’ or ‘Precast’ is not an

industry term. The term is an

amalgamation of panelised and modular

building systems, and can mean either one.

In today's generation the term “Prefab” is

more closely related to the style of home,

usually modernist, rather than to a

particular method of home construction.

Buildings have been built in one place and

reassembled in another throughout history.

Possibly the first advertised prefab house

was the Manning Portable Cottage. A

London carpenter, Henry Manning, build a

house that was constructed in components,

then shipped and assembled by British

emigrants. This was published at the time

(advertisement, South Australian Record,

1837) and a few still stand in Australia.

One such is the “Friends Meeting House,

Adelaide.” The peak year for the

importation of portable buildings to

Australia was 1853, when several hundred

arrived. These have been identified as

coming from Liverpool, Boston and

Singapore (with Chinese instructions for

re-assembly). In Barbados the Chattel

house was a form of prefabricated building

which was developed by emancipated

slaves who had limited rights to build upon

land they did not own. As the buildings

were moveable they were legally regarded

as chattels.[1]

The concept of precast (also known as

“prefabricated”) construction includes

those buildings, where the majority of



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How to Control Climatic Conditions by Vernacular Architecture

in Palei, Rajasthan

Zeeshan Ansari, Avitesh Faculty of Architecture, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

Faculty of Architecture, Centre for Architecture, BGI, Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

This paper discusses the specific climatic conditions of Palei, Rajasthan. Palei is a small

village of Rajasthan. Rajasthan is one of the hottest states of India. The region experiences

more than 45°C during summers and in January which is the coldest month of the year, the

temperature recorded 5°C. There has been no year of scanty rainfall in 35 years from 198° to

215°. It is one of the extreme climatic zones for human survival. Despite such extreme

conditions humans have continuously inhabited the region for centuries. Here, we are

discussing, how they people sustain in this climate with their building construction

technology and Vernacular Architecture.

Keywords: building construction technology, climatic design, hot and dry climate, Palei,

vernacular architecture

INTRODUCTION

Palei is a village near Newai Tehsil in

Tonk district of Rajasthan State, India. It

belongs to Ajmer division. Rajasthan is

located in the north-western part of the

subcontinent. Aravallis divided Rajasthan

into two geographical divisions. Rajasthan

is a vibrant, exotic state where tradition

and royal glory meet in a riot of colors

against the vast back drop of sand and

desert. It has an unusual diversity in its

entire forms – people, customs, culture,

costumes, music, manners, dialects,

cuisine and physiographic. That is why it

is famous worldwide.[1]

CLIMATE

Apart from its unique and rich cultural

heritage, it is the survival of human beings

in the extreme climatic conditions that

intrigues any scholar of architecture and

settlement studies. It has hot and dry

climate and one of the hottest places in

India which is continuously inhabited by

the human beings. The summers are

extremely hot and the temperature exceed

more than 45°C, posing challenges for the

survival of humans or for that matter any

life forms. However, the nights in

Rajasthan are pretty cool, with the night

temperature falling considerably. Summer

prevail for almost eight months in a year.

As a result sky is clear in most of the

months with 345 sunlight days per year.

When winter comes, January is the coldest

month of the year and the temperature

recorded 5°C. It means in winters, days are

shiny and the nights are very much cold. In

monsoon season, there was no rain drop in

215° and there has been no year of scanty

rainfall in 35 years from 198° to 215°.

That is why it is one of the extreme

climatic zones for human survival.[2]



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Built Heritage at Menace

Mohammad Farhan Fazli*

Department of Architecture, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology,

Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

Abstract

This paper intends merely to focus on the heritage buildings, which is a part of the tangible

cultural heritage. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role that built cultural heritage

can play within sustainable urban development. It will also look on some conservation issues

that may arise while defining the significance and values of the heritage areas. Finally it will

provide some basic management & maintenance guidelines which may help to conserve the

built heritage.

INTRODUCTION

India is a country incorporating a very rich

cultural heritage. But conservation of

heritage buildings is not taken very

seriously in our country due to the limited

fund available with the government

agencies like Archaeological Survey of

India which is taking care of most of these

heritage buildings. Due to which we are

losing our past. The conservation of

historic structures is not only the

responsibility of the government but it is a

social responsibility of the individuals to

understand the importance and help to

enhance and appreciate the cultural, social,

historical and architectural qualities of

these heritage monuments in our

surroundings. Conserving historic

buildings is essential to understanding the

culture of our past. But it is not an easy

task; it is a much specialised field and can

be done judiciously to restore the historic

buildings in their original character.

WHAT TO CONSERVE

Heritage incorporates many things like

buildings, sites, nature, traditions and

artefacts which were developed through

experience of generations. The traditions

can be restored but the heritage buildings

are to be conserved for the future

generations to explain the glory of past.

Every region has a unique style of

construction which was developed with

years’ experience of the local skills and

crafts of the artisans and with the locally

available resources and materials.

Therefore these historic monuments can be

conserve to restore the traditional

knowledge system which was evolve

thought, architectural, beauty, ideas, and

culture of the people.

WHY TO CONSERVE

The heritage buildings are to be conserved

to restore the knowledge of the past. These

architectural marvels explain the

importance of traditional knowledge

systems and skills of the people which

have disappeared in the fast pace of

technology. The construction of Great

Pyramid of Giza is the best example to

understand that without the advance

technology the stone blocks of 3m height

were placed to a height of 139 m and the

precession at an angle of 51° without

compass was achieved in its construction.

HOW TO CONSERVE

There are common problems with most of



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Environment Feasibility Need to Step-Up in India

Ankita Singh*

Department Of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India

Abstract

In India environmental issue is a major concern in different-different parts of India. India is a

democratic country with various religions and cultures. Soil, Water, Air and Climate are the

most important factors to sustain the healthy environment anywhere. In India different soils,

different climate, different aspects of various factors contribution leads to different- different

environmental issues in various parts of India.

INTRODUCTION

Air pollution, poor management of waste,

growing water scarcity, falling

groundwater tables, water pollution,

preservation and quality of forests,

biodiversity loss, and land/soil degradation

are some of the major environmental

issues India faces today.

The various /important challenges facing

by India are as follows:

Growing population demands for

more revenue to survive and more

natural environment can be effected.

Agriculture growth turning into more

yields of food which damages the

natural agriculture practices and

disturb the life cycle.

Urbanization is a major concerned as

it clashes with all the important factors

which contribute healthy environment.

Poverty increases day-by-day because

poor people directly depend on the

natural resources for their basic needs.

Almost 40% land in India degraded

and rest is going to be spoiling in the

coming years.

Air and water population increases due

to bad activities of people all over

India like—drainage, non-recycled

products, harmful gases etc.

It is essential to restore ground water

otherwise our estuaries, water bodies

etc. going to be polluted.

Genetic diversity increases like

various species got extinct.

Development and forest.



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How a City Develops With Respect to Architecture Bulandshahr

Part-1 (Present Condition)

Avitesh

*

Centre for Architecture, BGI Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The paper discusses the economic conditions of Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh. Bulandshahr is

a city and a municipal board in Bulandshahr District in the state of U.P. India. It has a long

history. The history of Bulandshahr begins even before 1200 BCE. This region was close to

the capital of the Pandvas-Indraprastha and Hastinapur. After, a Tomar king named

Ahibaran laid the foundation of a fort called Bran here and established his capital. It was

traditionally called Barn City and recently came to be known as Bulandshahr . From then to

now architecture had faced many stages same as its development went up and down. Here I

am discussing how architecture helps in the development of a city.

Keywords: architecture, bulandshahr, culture, factors of urbanization, travel pattern, sources

of development

OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to carry

out the development analysis with

Architecture in Bulandshahr city and to

map out the results as well as to find out

the new development resources such as

travel pattern, factors of urbanization in

Bulandshahr city.

INTRODUCTION

Bulandshahr, a city and district of British

India in the Meerut division of the United

Provinces. The city is situated on a height

on the right bank of the Kali-Nadi, whence

the substitution of the names Unchanagar

and Bulandshahr (high town) for its earlier

name of Baran, by which it is still

sometimes called Bulandshahr. It is

located at 28.4° N 77.85° E. It has an

average elevation of 196 meters (643 feet).

The city is 237.44 meters above the sea

level. It is situated in north U.P. and 64 km

from Delhi.

According to government of India, the

district Bulandshahr is one of the minority

concentrated district in India, on the basis

of the 2011 census data of population,

socioeconomic indicators and basic

amenities indicators.

CLIMATE

The climate of Bulandshahr is warm and

temperate. The rainfall in winter is more

than the summer in Bulandshahr. The

average annual temperature is 25.0°C in

Bulandshahr. Precipitation here averages

626 mm.The driest month is April, with 4

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

E-mail: [email protected]

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and InfrastructurePlanning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional PlanningDevelopment

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

5 more...

1 more...

2 more...2 more...

5 more...

Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

5 more...4 more...

3 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

5 more... 4 more...

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it

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Article 2

016


Landscape Planning

and Architecture

Jan – June 2016IJLPA

www.journalspub.com

international journal of landscape planning and architecture vol 2 issue-1

Education