international journal of metallurgy and alloys (vol 2 issue 2)

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Carbonyl metallurgy

Cupellation

Goldbeating

Gold phosphine complex

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Steel production

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Prof. Nil Ratan BandyopadhyaySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of Engineering Science and

Technology, Shibpur, West Bengal,India

Debdulal Das Assistant Professor, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur,

West Bengal, India.

Nikhil DevAssistant Professor Mechanical Engineering

Department YMCA University of Science and Technology Faridabad, India

Dr. Neeraj Mehta Assistant Professor

Physics Department, BHU, Varanasi

Dr. K.RajiHOD of Physics

Holy Cross CollegeTiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu India

Dr. Bharati Rajeev RehaniAssociate Professor Metallurgical and

Materials Engg. Department, M.S.University of Baroda,Vadodara, Gujarat

Dr. Parasharam M. ShirageDepartment of Physics and Materials Science

and Engineering Centre, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, India

Dr Beer Mohamed Syed AliB.S.Abdur Rahman University,

Vandalur, Tamil Nadu, India

Prof P Thareja Ex principal Programme coordinator (TQEM),

PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India

Dr. Meghanshu VashistaAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical

Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), India

Dr. Yee Wen YenDepartment of Materials Science and

Engineering, National Taiwan University of Scienceand Technology, Taiwan

Dr. Mohd Zaheer Khan YusufzaiAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical

Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), India

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Dear Readers,

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Archaeo-metallurgy, Carbonyl metallurgy, Cupellation, Goldbeating, Gold phosphine complex,

Metallurgical failure analysis, Mineral industry, Pyrometallurgy, Powder metallurgy, Steel production.

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Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

1. Investigation of Effect of Clearance between Die and Punch in Deep Drawing Process Chandra Pal Singh, Geeta Agnihotri 1

2. Optimization Process Parameters of Manganese Phosphate Coating Developed on En-19 Steels by Statistical Design of Experiment Sunil D. Kahar 6

3. Loudspeaker and Its Techniques and ManufacturingKiran Rani Sharma 13

4. Body Postures Using Ergonomic Assessment Tools in Drilling OperationsMahesh Sharma 16

5. Wastewater Analysis of a River in the Industrial ZoneAditya Singh Chauhan 33

Contents

IJMA (2016) 1–5 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Investigation of Effect of Clearance between Die and Punch in

Deep Drawing Process

Chandra Pal Singh1*, Geeta Agnihotri2 Mechanical Department, SATI Vidisha, M.P., India

Mechanical Department, MANIT Bhopal, M.P., India

ABSTRACT Deep drawing is one of the significant manufacturing methods used to create automotive parts. The popular execution of process yields when product has minimum defects. Die design, punch nose radius, punch velocity, blank holder force and friction are the main parameters affecting product quality in deep drawing. Clearance between die and punch also plays an important role in deep drawing process. In this research article clearance has been varied from 0.2 to 0.3 of sheet thickness. Results at various clearance values are compared on the basis of thickness distribution, percentage thickness variation and maximum von Mises stresses induced in the drawn part shows significant effect of clearance. Results suggest that an optimum value will result in good quality product. Keywords: clearance, percentage thickness variation, thickness distribution, von Mises stresses INTRODUCTION

Deep drawing has been most common manufacturing process to produce automobile body parts. A variety of objects with cylindrical cups, rectangular cups and even complex shapes can easily be produced by deep drawing process. Wrinkling and excessive thinning (at die corner region and punch nose) have been greatest problems in deep drawing process. These problems could be minimized by having optimum values of parameters such as blank holder pressure, die corner radius, friction, punch speed and clearance between die and punch. Lot of work has previously done to analysis the effect of these parameters. Keeping optimum clearance between punch and die has great importance in deep drawing process. Clearance improves quality of deep drawn part; improve thickness distribution at side walls. There are many factors affects deep drawing process and has direct effect on product quality. Blank holder force, punch

speed, friction between contact surfaces and die radius etc. Lot of work has been done previously to ascertain effect of various factors on product quality. Jaisingh et al. (2004) have investigated effect of parameters such as coefficient of friction, plastic strain ratio, strain hardening exponent, blank holder force on thinning strain, it has been concluded that blank holder force has maximum effect on thinning strain. Also it has been concluded that blank holder force also affects product quality, material flow stress distribution, thinning and thickening. Tommerup et al. (2012) has investigated effect of blank holder pressure on strain path using simulations of processes and suggested that the results of simulation are very near to experimental results and simulation

IJMA (2016) 6–12 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 6


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Optimization Process Parameters of Manganese Phosphate

Coating Developed on En-19 Steels by Statistical Design of

Experiment

Sunil D. Kahar* Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India

ABSTRACT

Phosphating is a chemical conversion process in which constituents of a metal surface with a view to produce thin adherent protective coating of insoluble crystalline phosphate by reaction with phosphoric acid solution. This conversion coating should have strong interfacial adhesion and porous enough. The growth of phosphate coating is influenced by method of cleaning of metal surface to be treated before treatment, use of surface activating rinses and acid or alkaline content of phosphating solution. Manganese phosphate coating can produces a dark grey black phosphating layer in combination with suitable post treatments on En-19 steel samples. The quantitative assessment of coating was done by stripping method and corrosion resistance was evaluated qualitatively by salt spray test according with ASTM B 117 Standard. The process parameters employed to produce phosphating have been optimized using statistical design of experiments. The regression equations were derived for each set of experiment and depending on the numerical value of the coefficient of each parameter its influence was assessed. The parameters like Thermoil Granodine 112 content, steel wool content and process time showed the synergetic effect on the resulting phosphating quality. Keywords: acid ratio, manganese phosphate coating, stripping method, salt spray testing, statistical design of experiments INTRODUCTION

Phosphate coating is the treatment of iron steel, galvanized steel, or aluminium with dilute solution of phosphoric acid and other chemicals to produce mildly protective layer of insoluble crystalline phosphate.[1–3] Manganese phosphate coating is used as an oil base, which can intensify the black colour to reduce friction by providing lubricity, as a buffer to prevent galling on the heavy loaded gears, as a corrosion protection of NdFeB magnet and as base for paint. Various factors such as process time, extent of water rinsing, bath temperature, acid ratio and bath composition, acid content, accelerators used and iron content of

electrolyte affect the quality of phosphate coating.[4–7] Many researchers had used classical methods involving large number of trials to study their effect. However, by using the Statistical design of Experiments the number of experiments could be reduced drastically.[8–10] In the present research work manganese phosphate coating was adopted as corrosion protection method for selected En-19 steel samples. Coating weight was calculated by stripping method which covers under IS 3618: 1966 while coating thickness was measured by magnetic induction coating thickness gauge. Corrosion study of

IJMA (2016) 13-15 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 13


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Loudspeaker and Its Techniques and Manufacturing

Kiran Rani Sharma* Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore,

Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT

3D printing is another worldview that has involved assembling industry. It is a procedure of making a three dimensional strong protest of for all intents and purposes any shape from an advanced model. An amplifier is a standout amongst the most essential yield gadgets in intelligent frameworks. 3D printing innovation is presently being utilized to deliver amplifiers with enhanced execution in correlation with conventional amplifiers. The preferred standpoint with 3D printed amplifier is that both capable of being heard and indiscernible ultrasound can be created. The vital for the working of 3D printed amplifier is Electrostatic Sound Reproduction (ESR) framework. The utilization of Human-Computer Interface (HCI) has given a perceived significance to the 3D printed amplifiers as a result of its request and the favorable circumstances. This paper is devoted to comprehend the standard of working and significance of the 3D printed amplifiers. Keywords: additive manufacturing, 3D printed loudspeaker, manufacturing *Corresponding Author


INTRODUCTION

Assembling is the creation of merchandise for utilize or deal utilizing work, instruments, handling, or plan. 3D printing or added substance assembling is a procedure of making a three-dimensional protest from a computerized display. Not at all like subtractive procedures, 3D printing is done through added substance forms, in which, progressive layers of material are set down under PC control. Each 3D model is arranged first utilizing the numerical arrangements and is known as scientific model. This scientific model is further changed over to advanced model and afterward the model is printed utilizing 3D printer (Figure 1).

Fig. 1. Steps involved in 3D printing

process. 3D Technology is utilized to print practical articles (from giving a fenced in area to a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) to supplanting any broken some portion of vehicles).[1] There are different sorts of 3D printing to build up a material. It is



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Body Postures Using Ergonomic Assessment Tools in Drilling

Operations

Mahesh Sharma* Department of M.E. Industrial Safety Engineering, Knowledge Institute of Technology, Salem, India

ABSTRACT

Ergonomics is one among the major factor that is curiously viewed by the modern world. Musculoskeletal disorder and awkward posture are the two dominant issues in ergonomics. The paper aims at studying and analyzing various musculoskeletal disorders, body postures, and other ergonomic aspects in vertical drilling operation in a laboratory work place using engineering students. Drilling is an operation in which ergonomic issues arise. Drilling is the most common operation in manufacturing industries and in all engineering college laboratory. Many ergonomic issues are directly and indirectly involved in drilling operation. The engineering students were divided into 16 experimental batches and each batch was accessed by one safety professor, two lab engineers and four lab technical supervisors. Every movement of subjects was closely observed and evaluated by two ergonomic tools—Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper Limp Assessment (RULA), using ErgoFellow 2.0 software. The overall result shows that the manual feeding (operation no 3) has the highest risk value with a REBA and RULA percentage of 53.33 and 85.71, respectively, whereas the operation of removing the workplace from the worktable have a REBA percentage of 26.6 and RULA percentage of 42.85, which indicates the lower level of risk. Ergonomic aspects have to be included in designing of operating procedure for drilling operation, which helps in reducing the existing level of risk. Keywords: awkward posture, drilling, musculoskeletal disorder, rapid entire body assessment, rapid upper limp assessment

INTRODUCTION

American machinist defined drilling as, “the process most commonly associated with producing machining holes”. Drilling of holes can be regarded as man’s one of the earliest machining achievements, and it is one of the most widely used manufacturing processes. This method is simple, quick and economical, but anyway the operation of drilling is the most complex machining processes. In drilling, drill bit is used to cut or enlarge a hole of circular cross-section in solid materials. Also, the drill bit is pressed against the workpiece and rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands of revolution per minute.

In drilling machine, a worker may involve in drilling holes in any objects. Therefore, it is very important to ensure the safety of the workforce. Eventually, it is necessary to assess the work activity and evaluate the risk. On the other side, ergonomic assessment plays a vital role to assess any kind of postural and work activity. According to Thun et al. “during the past decades, ergonomics workplace design has become an important issue in many companies.”[1]



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Wastewater Analysis of a River in the Industrial Zone

Aditya Singh Chauhan* Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

ABSTRACT

This study was intended to assess the contaminating quality of the mechanical profluent of Gadoon-Amazi Industrial Zone (GAIZ). The primary motivation behind the study was to examine the wastewater attributes of the real enterprises in the branch of knowledge. Different agent tests were gathered at normal interim for a time of 6–8 months. These examples were then tried in the research center utilizing accessible standard methods. The significant enterprises called attention to in this study incorporate cleanser and oil process, synthetic industry, ghee process and the material plant. The weighted normal estimations of pH, aggregate broke up strong (TDS), add up to suspended solids (TSS), temperature, chlorides, nitrates, phosphates, natural oxygen request (BOD) and substance oxygen request (COD) were seen to be 6.4, 18°C, 530 mg/L, 420 mg/L, 105 mg/L, 1065 mg/L and 300 mg/L, individually. Keywords: BOD, COD, NEQS, treatment, wastewater

INTRODUCTION

Water is known to be the most abundant living asset on this planet. Be that as it may, in spite of its plenitude, still there endure the issue of safe drinking water, particularly in the growing part of the world. By virtue of fast populace development, and extension in business exercises, the accessible water per capita is quickly declining. A large portion of the creating countries have the issue of safe transfer of residential and modern effluents, which influences the nature of existing water sources, similar to waterways streams, lakes and so on. Since, a similar water is being utilized for water system; accordingly, it leads toward the rise of different water-borne illnesses. Though, industrialization plays a vital role in development and progress of any country. But if waste disposal processes are not handled with care, then it can damage both the economy and the environment of the nations, as a whole. In addition a huge amount of funds would be

required to reduce the health pertaining issues. In Pakistan with the presentation of five-year-arrange, foundation of modern homes started, which laid accentuation on the foundation of vast bequests in the nation. Around 39 modern bequests have been set up in every one of the four areas in this way. Other than on government level the common modern advancement is additionally experiencing. In KPK a total of 14 mechanical bequests have been built up in this way.[1]

MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

Emanating of principle channels of GAIE was examined for six weeks. Tests were gathered from release channels of different mechanical units (Figure 1). Different physicochemical parameters like pH, temperature, TDS, TSS, add up to solids (TSs), BOD, COD, chlorides were broke

METALLURGY AND

ALLOYS

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India


¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

5 more...

1 more...

2 more...2 more...

5 more...

Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

5 more...4 more...

3 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

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international journal of metallurgy and alloys (vol 2 issue 2)

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