international journal of transportation engineering and traffic system vol 2 issue 1

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

E-mail: [email protected]

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

5 more...

1 more...

2 more...2 more...

5 more...

Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

5 more...4 more...

3 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

5 more... 4 more...

Subm

it

Your

Article 2

016

www.journalspub.com

International Journal of

Transportation Engineering

& Traffic SystemJAN - JUNE 2016

IJTETS

e-ISSN: 2456-2343

International Journals Publisher

JournalsPub is a multi-disciplinary international journal boosting innovative & eminence research work

by Division of Dhruv Infosystem Pvt. Ltd. Launched in 2014 under the support and guidance by our

Honorable Editorial Board Members from renowned institutes.

Objectives of JournalsPub

üJournalsPub is international scholarly journal that publishes peer reviewed journal in the frontier areas of

Applied Sciences, Medical and Engineering.

üJournalsPub publishes Original Research Papers, Review Papers, Popular Articles, Short

Communications & Case Study.

ü Publishing special issues on Proceedings of Conferences, Seminars and Symposia.

üJournalsPub Publishes issues twice a year (bi-annually) in English-language which is available online

(open access) and in printed version with a goal to promote an extensive academic awareness.

üJournalsPub desires to set a good benchmark in the publishing industry by launching more than 100+

new International Journals to help the scientific community to enhance communication within the

research communities and maintain a balance between the existing and emerging interdisciplinary

technologies.

üJournalsPub aims to provide quality research articles for Academic Researchers, Industrial

Professionals, Engineers, Scientists, Professors, etc. working in the areas of Applied Sciences, Medical

and Engineering to contribute and communicate innovative work.

Salient Features

üAn umbrella of 100+ journals that covers Applied Sciences, Medial and Engineering Arena.

üThe first and one of the rapidly emerging publication website in Country as well as overseas for its

excellence and exposure.

üUniversal transmission and reflectivity.

üA Rigorous, Fast and Constructive Peer Review Process

üSpeedy Publication of Manuscripts

üEminent Editorial Board Members from renowned organizations.

üFree Registration, Online Submission, Processing, Publication & Online Access of Manuscripts.

üThe journal publishes novel research articles with emphasis on theoretical and experimental work.


Transportation

Engineering and Traffic System

JournalsPub (Division of Dhruv Infosystem Private Ltd.) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor,

CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journals. Statements and

opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the Author(s) and are not the opinion of JournalsPub unless so stated.

Subscription Information and Order

Cost of Journal

National Subscription

?Rs. 3000/- per Journal (includes 2 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1800/copy

International Subscription

?Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 2 print issues)

?Online + Print-$199 (includes 2 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at [email protected]

Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India include speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without

notice.

Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Dhruv Infosystem Pvt. ltd.,

payable at Delhi/New Delhi.

Online Access Policy

A). For Authors:

In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, JournalsPub also have Open Access Policy;

Authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as

follows:

India, SARC and African Countries: INR 1500 including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

B.) For Subscribers:

Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of correct

information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber.

The access will be blocked:

If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking due to technical issue. Misuse of the access rights

as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: JournalsPub with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media

for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc. These

journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue.

The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very

welcome.

Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues:

Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the next issue

as per the frequency.

Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will be

entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends.

Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored.

Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to JournalsPub at least 2 months prior to the dispatch schedule as per

the frequency by mentioning subscriber ID and the subscription ID.

Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes

All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only.

If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team:

[email protected]; Tel: +91 0120-4347644.

International Journal of Transportation

Engineering and Traffic System

International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System provides a platform that delivers

high impact article and research reviews in the field of transportation engineering, focusing on railroad,

harbors, airport and highway engineering. Journal also covers intelligent transportation system, traffic

operations and control and other related technological advancements.

Focus and Scope of the Journal! Highway engineering

! Railroad engineering

! Port and harbor engineering

! Airport engineering

! Intelligent transportation system

! Pavement engineering

! Traffic operations and control

! Traffic safety under mixed traffic flow

! Heterogeneous traffic-flow modelling and simulation

! Activity-based travel demand modelling

! Dynamic and stochastic modelling of transportation networks

International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System is published twice a year (bi-annual

by JournalsPub- an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. The outlooks stated in the articles do not

essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the

advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing

a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written

permission to the publisher.

To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English

reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub

([email protected]).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager

ChairmanMr. Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director,JournalsPub,

New Delhi

Hidam Renubala

Ankita Singh

Akanksha Marwah

Deepika Bhadauria

Commissioning Editors

Priyanka Garg

Chhavi Goel

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Dr. Pradeep Kumar AgarwalDepartment of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP),

India

Dr. Intha Srinivasa Reddy,Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,

Kallam Haranadh areddy Institute of Technology Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Arvind Kumar ShuklaDepartment of Civil Engineering, I. E. T,

Lucknow (U.P.), India

Sandeep ChoudharyTransportation Engineering Department,

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP), India

Moazzem HossainDepartment of Civil Engineering,

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Jitendra GurjarTransportation Engineering Department,

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP), India

Prof. Saad Issa SarsamDepartment of Transportation and Engineering,

University of Baghdad, Iraq

Muthiah MuthukannanKalasalingam University, Anand Nagar,

Krishnankoil, India

Dr. R. Srinivasa Kumar,Assistant Professor (Senior Scale) Department of

Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering Osmania University, Hyderabad,

India

Rakesh MeharTransportation Engineering Department,

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP),

India

Dr. Muhammad Ashraf JavidAssistant Professor Civil and Environmental

Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Nizwa (UoN)

Hasan Dilbas Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering

Department, Davutpasa Campus ,Esenler - Istanbul - Turkey

Dr Akshey BhargavaProfessor, Global Institute Of Engineering and

Technology, A.P, India

From the Editor's Desk

Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

journal, International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System. This

journal is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present

Transportation Engineering issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent

studies and the validation of emerging technologies.

This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Transportation

Engineering as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of

scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Civil Engineers community,

addressing researchers and practitioners in this area.

The core vision of International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System in Journals Pub

is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and

professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Transportation Engineering

in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at

excellently, well-time & successfully.

International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System focuses on original high-quality

research in the realm of Highway engineering, Railroad engineering, Port and harbor engineering, Airport

engineering, Intelligent transportation system, Pavement engineering, Traffic operations and control,

Traffic safety under mixed traffic flow, etc.

The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of

Transportation Engineering and Traffic System and solutions in the area.

Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Transportation

Engineering and Traffic System community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who

supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many

others, reporting new developments in the field of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System.

This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we

would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the

editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project.

It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Transportation Engineering

readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Transportation Engineering and Traffic

System.

Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

1. Visual Assessment of Pavement Surface Condition for Baghdad International Airport Saad Issa Sarsam 1

2. Modeling the Shape of Compaction Curve for Asphalt Stabilized Soil Saad Issa Sarsam, Abeer Husain 10

3. Innovation Management – An Integrated Approach to Business ModellingAnil Kr Chojar, Aditya Chojar 22

4. Identifying the Public Transport Improvement Policies from Attitudes of Car, Motorcycle and Public Transport Users in Lahore: A Qualitative StudyMuhammad Ashraf Javid 36

5. Evaluation of Rutting Susceptibility of Bituminous Mixes Using Finite Element ModelingI. Srinivasa Reddy 50

Contents

IJTETS (2016) 1–9 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System ISSN: 2456-2343(online)

Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Visual Assessment of Pavement Surface Condition for Baghdad

International Airport

Saad Issa Sarsam* Consultant Engineer, AFM-Group, Switzerland

Abstract

In the process of developing the infrastructure of Baghdad international airport, visual

assessment was undertaken to evaluate the concrete pavement surface condition. The walk

through technique was implemented, all types of pavement distresses have been detected

visually and captured with camera of high resolution. It was observed that the block and

fatigue cracking of pavement surface was concentrated at the threshold part (touch down

zone) of the runway, while faulting of joints, and scaling of concrete surface were the

common type of distresses at the remaining part of the runway. The taxiway and the rapid

exit taxiway are in acceptable condition. The apron area exhibits faulting of joints and

corner cracking of pavement. The pavement maintenance management system developed

earlier was implemented to rate the pavement condition and the pavement condition rating

(PCR) value for runway, taxiway and apron was determined. The decisions for maintenance

alternatives were determined.

Keywords: assessment, rehabilitation, rigid pavement, visual

INTRODUCTION

Rehabilitation of the runway, taxiway and

apron areas is required to maintain a

standard serviceability of pavement

suitable for commercial operation and in

accordance with ICAO requirements.[1,2]

In

rehabilitating the pavement, the Surveys

and investigations have to be carried out to

determine the existing pavement condition.

Pavement maintenance management

systems (PMMS) are designed to manage

maintenance and rehabilitation activities to

optimize pavement condition with

available funds.[3–6]

The use of (PMMS) is

becoming increasingly more prevalent due

to benefits achieved. It considers current

and future pavement condition, priorities,

funding, and can reduce pavement

deterioration, this helps maintain pavement

structural capacity, and may extend

pavement life by slowing or limiting future

pavement degradation. Pavement

condition can be quantified by the

pavement condition rating (PCR) which

rates the pavement according to the extent

and severity of distress types present

(cracking, Scaling, patching, spalling of

joints, etc.). (PCR) ranges from 100 to

zero (best to worst).

A major goal of (PMMS) is to keep

pavement condition in the upper (PCR)

range of (60–90) by limiting surface

structural degradation to keep down

rehabilitation cost.[7,8]

Visual assessment

of pavement surface condition is

considered as the first step in the

maintenance management system. In this

work, the old airfield of Baghdad

international airport was investigated on

14th of august 2014 by AFM team. The

runway R150-330L was visually

IJTETS (2016) 10–21 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved


Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Modeling the Shape of Compaction Curve for Asphalt Stabilized

Soil

Saad Issa Sarsam*, Abeer Husain Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract

The knowledge and modeling of the exact shape of the laboratory compaction curve provides

a means for a good understanding of the susceptibility of soil to water. The models provide

effective means for quantifying the sensitivity of the compaction process to the various factors

affecting the process. The basic mathematical description of soil compaction is the

relationship between molding moisture and the dry density. Two types of soil and three types

of cutback asphalt have been implemented in this investigation to understand the influence of

cutback asphalt addition on the sensitivity of compaction curve shape in terms of the changes

in slope for dry and wet sides of optimum condition, and to verify if such changes follow a

significant sequence. It was concluded that pure and asphalt stabilized SC-Soil compaction

curve exhibits a flat trend at both dry and wet sides of optimum moisture content, therefore, a

straight line was implemented. While pure and asphalt stabilized CL-Soil exhibits bell shape

trend at both dry and wet sides of optimum moisture content. A straight line was implemented

for modeling the dry side of optimum, and a parabolic curve was implemented for wet side of

pure soil and for soil with 4% cutback asphalt. When 3% of MC-0 cutback asphalt was

introduced to SC-soil, the maximum dry unit weight was increased by 23.5%, meanwhile, the

optimum fluid content was reduced by 21%. When 4% of MC-30 cutback asphalt was

introduced to CL-Soil, the maximum dry unit weight was decreased by 5.5%, and the

optimum fluid content was increased by 6.5%.

Keywords: cutback asphalt, modeling, proctor compaction, soil, stabilization

INTRODUCTION

The standard Proctor compaction test as

per ASTM procedure provides a

standardized method of determining a

soil's resistance to compaction over a

range of soil water contents under a

constant value of compaction effort. The

optimum water content is the amount of

water required to produce a maximum dry

density from the test procedure.[1]

Currently, this test is used to determine the

optimum water content for soil beneath

foundation and highway embankment

construction purposes so that a required

strength could be guaranteed based on the

maximum dry density. The mechanical

improvement of subgrade soil through

compaction is a cost-effective alternative

to many stabilization techniques. It

involves densification of soil by applying

rolling or vibration mechanical energy.

Compaction is frequently practiced in

highway engineering projects. Generally,

compaction increases the soil density,

enhances its strength, and reduces its

compressibility and permeability.[2]

The

ultimate result of this modification is a

significant reduction in potential

settlement of embankment soil. Research

studies on the compaction curve of asphalt



Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Innovation Management – An Integrated Approach to Business

Modelling

Anil Kr Chojar*, Aditya Chojar drakc Consulting and Management Solutions, New Delhi, India

Abstract The present study gives a detailed account of distinction between invention and innovation,

and analyzes how an invention can turn into innovation, and lead to development of a new

innovative product for a business organization which can also generate revenues, incomes

and employment. While invention is about something new, innovation refers to the use of an

idea for developing a new product, or service. Although invention generates new ideas,

prototypes and even patents, it is the innovation which turns ideas into commercial products

to meet consumer needs in a market place, be it from industry or general public. The paper

also discusses the role of knowledge base in creating possibilities for developing new

products besides highlighting a few innovation based global companies that dominate the

markets worldwide. These innovation based companies, or multinational corporations

generate revenues for themselves and contribute to GDP growth of the respective countries

they operate in. Further, major types of innovation are discussed, including product

innovation, process innovation, positional innovation, and paradigm innovation. In the end,

the role of innovation in manufacturing is discussed, which covers the various functional

areas of operations. The restructuring of supply chains of automobiles manufacturers with

their suppliers are highlighted.

Keywords: innovation, invention, product innovation, product design, new product

development

INTRODUCTION

Innovation Explained

Although literature is full of concepts and

definitions related to innovation, the term

innovation in current times refers to a

different, and a new way of doing

something at a lower cost, in less time with

fewer resources, and with higher

efficiency. The innovative process, once

determined, should be easier to handle at a

producer-user level, and the innovative

product should meet the end-consumer

needs.

Put simply, innovation may refer to a

product design that is an improvement

over earlier traditional designs, and

provides to the user, an ease of doing work

with the current product or method.

Similarly business innovations, including

those which utilize internet, or I.T. based

solutions, can be useful for organizations

that offer efficient public services like

billing/bill payments to prevent queues or

last hour rush at payment windows.

Likewise, factory, or service center

building layout/design which is innovative

in the sense that it facilitates movement of

people-employees, and/or customers,

without causing gluts has become a

standard feature of many global mind-set

companies. Also, innovation can be built



Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Identifying the Public Transport Improvement Policies from

Attitudes of Car, Motorcycle and Public Transport Users in

Lahore: A Qualitative Study

Muhammad Ashraf Javid Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nizwa, Birkat al Mouz, Nizwa, Oman

Abstract

This paper aims to understand attitudes of different modes users and identify the public

transport improvement policies from those attitudes for Lahore city. The underlying factors

were identified for the use of private car and motorcycle and public transport through in-

depth interviews with selected users of each mode. The results of interviews depict that

flexibility and freedom in travelling, status symbol, individual’s privacy, coupling and

situational constraints, gender and culture specific constraints, environmental concern, and

social security are major underlying factors of mode choice behavior in addition to

instrumental and physical dimensions of service quality. This study implicate that these

significant factors need to consider while making improvement in public transport

infrastructure. The consideration of these elements can help in making service quality of

public transport modes as per desires of different segments of travel market. The findings of

this study would be helpful for planners and policy makers in understanding travel attitudes

of different groups and designing appropriate policy measures for public transport

improvement.

Keywords: travel behavior,private car, private motorcycle, public transport, attitudes,

Lahore.

INTRODUCTION

Public travel demand has increased rapidly

due to increase in urban population and

automobile ownership and its usage, and

leading to the complexity of handling the

situation effectively. In most of the

developing countries, mobility is mainly

dependent on automobile. It is very unfair

to build more road infrastructure just to

facilitate car users and neglecting the

mobility choices of poor people such as

transit and non-motorized modes users. In

fact, transportation polices in developing

countries are not strongly supported the

use of public transportation. Most of the

cities in developing countries are facing

problems of achieving some appropriate

standard of urban mobility in terms of

public transportation. The existence of

such transportation problems demands

supporting and sustainable transportation

policies from planners and policy makers.

Banister (2005) [1]

said that transport

planners have to think more positively

about the conditions of public

transportation in developing countries.

Moreover, it is difficult to deal with rising

travel demand just by increasing the

supply of roads because of insufficient

financial, technical and institutional

resources in developing countries.

Transport planners and policy makers need

to think positively for possible transport



Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Evaluation of Rutting Susceptibility of Bituminous Mixes

Using Finite Element Modeling

I. Srinivasa Reddy* Department of Civil Engineering, Kallam Haranadha Reddy Institute of Technology, Guntur, India

Abstract

Pavement performance mainly depends on the quality of bituminous mixes. Poor bituminous

mixes cause premature failures such as rutting or permanent deformation, cracking, bleeding

etc. The design of bituminous mixes should contain certain criteria to prevent premature

failures. The mixes designed based on these criteria are generally known as performance

based mix design and are gaining popularity in the recent times. Among various types of

pavement failures, permanent deformation or rutting in bituminous mixes is one of the major

concerns on high volume roads. With the increase in the traffic volumes, vehicle axle loads

and tire pressures; there is a need to know the rut resistance of bituminous mixes in advance

before construction. On the basis of experimental and modeling, several methods are in

practice to assess the rutting resistance of bituminous mixes. Simulative tester such as wheel

load tester is one of the equipment used to predict the rutting behavior of bituminous mixes

on experimental basis. However, testing of bituminous mixes in these equipment are time

consuming and often expensive. On the other hand, application of finite element modeling

techniques to some extent, gives an idea on the performance of the mix in a shorter time. The

paper presents a three-dimensional finite element model developed for predicting the rutting

susceptibility of mix using the commercially available finite element program ANSYS. The

results from model can be effectively used to relate the laboratory rutting test results

Keywords: ANSYS, bituminous mix, finite element, modeling, pavement, rutting.

INTRODUCTION

Rutting or permanent deformation in

bituminous pavements develop gradually

as the number of wheel load applications

increases and usually appears as

longitudinal depressions in the wheel paths

accompanied by small upheavals to the

sides. Wheel path rutting is the most

common form of permanent deformation [1-3].

It may occur in any layer of the

pavement structure including subgrade,

base or in the bituminous mixes itself [4].

In

most cases, rutting occurs in the surface

course due to consolidation or

densification of the pavement layers and

shear deformation or lateral plastic flow of

the bituminous mixes [5,6]

. Rutting affect

riding quality, possible place of water

logging, causes damage to the pavement

layers and it is cumulative over the time.

As the bituminous mixes are time,

temperature and stress dependent,

adequate and accurate prediction of

bituminous mix behavior is necessary in

order to predict the pavement performance

such as rutting. There are several test

methods and devices in practice to

evaluate the rutting potential of bituminous

mixes. Among these, simulative tests such

as wheel tracking tests have been shown to

be able to adequately simulate the field

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

E-mail: [email protected]

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

5 more...

1 more...

2 more...2 more...

5 more...

Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

5 more...4 more...

3 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

5 more... 4 more...

Subm

it

Your

Article 2

016

www.journalspub.com


Transportation Engineering

& Traffic SystemJAN - JUNE 2016

IJTETS

e-ISSN: 2456-2343

international journal of transportation engineering and traffic system vol 2 issue 1

Education