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International MaritimeSecurity Network, LLC.

MTSA/ISPS Code

CSO/VSO Course

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Introduction

Section 1

Please remember to:

• Put cell phones on vibrate

• If you need to leave, please do so quietly

• If you are tired please feel free to stand

• Help yourself to coffee and snacks at any time.

• Bathrooms and fire exits are:

Welcome

• Please tell us a little about yourself– Where are you from?– What part of the Maritime industry do

you work in?– How long have you been working in

this industry?

• What do you hope to get out of this course?

Course Overview

• Provide Knowledge required for both CSO (Company Security Officer) & VSO (Vessel Security Officer) to perform their duties in accordance with;

• Amendment to the Annex to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 as amended and;

• IMO’s (International Maritime Organization) ISPS Code parts A & B

• Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA) and 33 CFR, Subchapter H—Maritime Security

Competencies to be achieved

• See Handout (1)– Company Security Officer– Vessel Security Officer

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Historical Prospective

Terrorism and the Maritime Domain

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Why are we here?

TERRORISMTERRORISM

The FBI defines terrorism as

“The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or

property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population,

or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social

objectives.”

Maritime Terrorism

“Any person or group, acting outside the jurisdiction of a sovereign state,

for a political motive, who (i) executes or plots to execute an

attack against a ship, port facility or offshore facility or (ii) attempts to further their political motives by

utilizing elements in the maritime environment to execute an act of

terrorism.”

Guerrilla Warfare Terrorism Revolutionaries

Anarchists

Freedom Fighters

Defining Terrorism

Purposeful targeting of Military personnel and installations in order to achieve a political goal

Purposeful targeting of Civilians in order to achieve a

political goal

The differences between guerrilla warfare and terrorism

USS Cole on 12-Oct-00 was attacked by 2 suicide bombers.

17 Sailors where killed

39 Sailors where injured

By Al Qaeda

The Seaborne Spirit

5 – Nov - 05

Palestine Liberation Front (PLF)

Muhammad Abu Abbas, Oct 7th, 1985 four PLF militants seized the “Achille-lauro”.

These terrorist killed Leon Klinghoffer, an elderly, wheelchair bound, Jewish man, and threatened to blow up the ship. All

of this was in effort to negotiate the release of 50 Palestine prisoners.

The Tamil Tigers

The most powerful Tamil group in Sri Lanka, founded in 1976. Uses overt and illegal methods to raise funds, acquire weapons,

and publicize its cause of establishing an independent Tamil state. Began its armed conflict with the Sri Lankan Government in 1983 and relies on a guerrilla strategy that includes the use of

terrorist tactics.

The Tamil Tigers

The world's largest unregistered navy with approximately 10,000 armed combatants in Sri Lanka; about 3,000 to 6,000 form a

trained cadre of fighters. The LTTE also has a significant overseas support structure for fundraising, weapons procurement, and

propaganda activities.

Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)

Smallest and most radical of the Islamic separatist groups operating in the southern Philippines. Split from the Moro National Liberation Front in 1991 under the leadership of Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani, who was killed in a clash with Philippine police on 18 December 1998.

Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)

Activities: Uses bombs, assassinations, kidnappings, and extortion payments to promote an independent Islamic state in western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago, areas in the southern Philippines.

The attack of the “Limburg”

• Happened 2002 in Yemen

• Attack was done by Al Qaeda

• Same type of attack as the Cole

F.A.R.C.

• Established in 1964 as a rural-based, pro-Soviet guerrilla army.

• Has been anti-United States since its inception.

• Located in Columba

Attacks of 9-11

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Current security threats & patterns

What’s going on today

Potential maritime targets

Nuclear waste carriers

LNG tankers

Oil Tankers

Cargo ships

OSC Platforms

Maritime Transportation Threats

• Piracy and armed attacks

• Terrorism

• Contraband smuggling

• Stowaways and refugees

• Cargo theft

• Collateral damage

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Piracy

Could it be terrorism?

Piracy defined:

• Shipping robbery on the high seas, especially the stealing of a ship’s cargo

• Air the hijacking of an aircraft or another form of transportation transport robbery committed on board any form of transportation, especially an aircraft.

• Murder on the high seas

Piracy is worldwide

Straits of Malacca

One of the worlds hot spots

The Straits of GibraltarMorocco & Tangiers

Piracy

Reporting Piracy

• The Regional Piracy Centre– Receives and distributes information – Collates and analyzes information and

issues consolidated reporting to relevant bodies.

– Gives guidance on what ship owners and ships operators can do to prevent/suppress acts of piracy

– Assists owners and crews of ships that have been attacked

– Locates vessels that have been seized by pirates and recovers stolen cargoes

– Check out Check out www.iccwbo.orgwww.iccwbo.org

The Goals of a Terrorists

• Invoke fear and panic• Gain attention both politically and spiritually• Change the world to their religious beliefs• Rid the world of opposing beliefs.• To gain recognition for their cause

Terrorist Patterns

• Use military type of development and deployment:– Terrorist will pick a target to attack that

they feel has a good chance of success

– Reconnaissance of the planned target.– Funding and recruiting.– Planning and testing.– Execution and hopeful success.

Current Security Threats and Patterns

Example: Osama Bin Laden & Al-Qaeda used U.S. training, U.S. people, U.S. equipment & fuel to kill thousands of people from all over he world. And as you can see, it worked well.

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Ship & Port operations and conditions

The Intermodal System

Intermodal; “Door to Door”

Intermodal; “Door to Door”

Most everything in your home came to your doorstep by way of ship.

Intermodal scenario

• Container is loaded in Taiwan

• It has your cargo and the cargo of 10 others inside of it.

• It is placed on a truck and sent to a port facility

• It is loaded into a ship• Ship crosses ocean and

lands in Long Beach, California, U.S.A.

• It is off loaded and placed in a holding area

• It is then either loaded onto a railcar or truck

• The truck takes the container to St. Louis MO. to a distribution center.

• It is opened and your cargo is placed onto another smaller truck or van.

• Smaller truck brings it right to your door.

• So many hands and still so EZ to slip something through the system

Ship and facility operations

• Discussion about various operations

• Your specific operation and the inherent vulnerabilities

• No one knows your operation better than you—use this knowledge to carefully evaluate threats and corrective actions to mitigate them

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Maritime Security Policy

Section 2

International conventions, codes, and recommendations

• United Nations (UN)– Located in New York

• International Maritime Organization (IMO)– Branch of the U.N.– Located in London– Giving oversight to SOLAS– Controlling safety and security of the

high seas

International conventions, codes, and recommendations

• Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) amendments– Chapter V

• Reg. 19

– Chapter XI• Regs. 3&5

– Chapter XI-2• Regs. 1-13

Regulations & Codes

• The ISPS Code– Part A

• Sec 1 - 19

– Part B• Guidance given for Part A

– Example of how sections are laid out in both parts A & B

• Part A

– 1 > 1.2 > 1.2.5

– Key words to remember:• “Should & Shall” are mandatory• “May” remains may, not absolute

MTSA Regulations

• 33 CFR—Navigation and Navigable Waters

• Parts 101-106 Maritime Security– Part 101—General– Part 103--Area Maritime Security– Part104—Vessels– Part 105—Facilities– Part 106—Outer Continental Shelf

(OCS) Facilities

Definitions

• SOLAS Chapter XI-2, Reg. 1

• ISPS Code A/2 and B/2

• 33 CFR § 101.105

Legal Implications

• Action/non-action by security personnel– 33 CFR § 101.400-420– ISPS Code A/4, 6– SOLAS Chapter XI-2

• Entering foreign jurisdictions

• Clear grounds

Legal Implications

• Law Enforcement– Vessel, Facility & OCS owners and operators

must permit law enforcement personal, in the performance of official duties, who show proper ID to enter/board without delay or obstruction.

– Upon boarding or entering, will as soon as possible explain their mission to the master, operator, owner or designated agent.

– This is found in 33 CFR § 101.515(c)

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Handling sensitive-related information &

communications

SSI

Sensitive Security Information

• Definition—49 CFR § 1520

• ISPS Code—Records

• Documents / Communications

Handling SSI outside U.S.

• The provisions in the plan relating to ISPC Code, section 9.4 sub. sec. .2, .4, .5, .7, .15, .17 and .18 of this Part of the Code are considered as confidential information, and cannot be subject to inspection unless otherwise agreed by the Contracting Governments concerned.

• Please turn in your ISPS Code to 9.4 and 9.8.1

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Security Responsibilities

Section 3

Security Responsibilities

• Contracting Governments• Recognized Security Organizations• The Company• The Ship• The Facility• Vessel Security Officer• Company Security Officer• Facility Security Officer• Vessel and Facility personnel with specific

security duties• All other personnel

Contracting Governments

• Specific Responsibilities– ISPS Code A/4, B/1.6-1.8, B/4– SOLAS , Chapter XI-2, Reg. 3– 33 CFR, Part 101, 102

• U.S. Coast Guard• Captain of the Port (COTP)• Federal Maritime Security Coordinator

(FMSC)• Area Maritime Security (AMS)

Recognized Security Organizations

• Specific Responsibilities– ISPS Code B/4.3-4.6

• USCG is the RSO in U.S.—No other entities or companies designated at this time.

The Company

• The Company shall ensure that the VSP contains a clear statement emphasizing the master’s authority

• The Company shall designate a CSO and a VSO and ensure they are given the necessary support to fulfill their duties and responsibilities

• 33 CFR § 104.200-205

The Vessel

• The Vessel shall comply with the requirements of the VSP as per the security level set—ISPS Part A/7.1

• Compliance documentation— 33 CFR § 104.120

The Facility

• The facility shall comply with the relevant requirements of Chapter XI-2 of SOLAS and the ISPS Code—ISPS Code Part A/14.1

• Compliance documentation— 33 CFR § 105.105-150

• Security Requirements— 33 CFR § 105.200

Security Personnel

• Vessel Security Officer

• Company Security Officer

• Facility Security Officer

• Vessel personnel with specific security duties

• Facility personnel with specific security duties

• All other personnel

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Vessel Security Assessment

Section 4

Vessel Security Assessment

• A written document that is based on the collection of background information and the completion and analysis of an on-scene survey—see 33 CFR § 104.305a,b, and c

• Essential & integral part of developing the Vessel Security Plan

• Must be carried out by person(s) with appropriate skills/knowledge as identified in 33 CFR § 104.300d

On-Scene Survey

• Vessel owner/operator must ensure that an on-scene survey is conducted for each vessel

• Verify and collect background information

• Examines and evaluates existing vessel protective measures, procedures, and operations

On-scene Survey

– On Scene Survey• Supervising the handling of cargo and the

delivery of ship’s stores; and • Ensuring that vessel security

communication, information, and equipment are readily available.

• Using the ship’s GA’s to do the OSS should be done to make sure that parts of the vessel have not been changed and door ways turned into bulk heads.

Analysis and recommendations

• Analyzing background information, the on-scene survey, and other requirements of this part to provide recommendations for the security measures the vessel should include in the VSP—see 33 CFR § 104.305c

• Threat analysis (documentation)

Threat Assessment Methodology

• Reference NVIC 10-02 (hand-out)• Select a scenario • Use the information that you have

compiled in the 1st phase of your assessment

• Things to consider:– Your type of vessel– Your cargo– Your crew– Your route

Threat Assessment Methodology

The evolution of Assessment process

Table 1 scenario selections

Score consequence as it relates to your vessel

• Note the fact that the consequence score will not change.

• You need to look at the big picture and understand where your consequence truly scores. Explanation:– Impact of 9-11– Lose of life– Ecological damage

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Computing the scores

• Go to table 5 work sheet• First, plug in the Consequence score• Then, add both of the Accessibility

scores together• Take the Consequence score and the

total Accessibility score and run them through the Threat Matrix.

• Find out what vulnerabilities you have to Mitigate, Consider, or Document.

Table 5

Mitigation definitions

Mitigate:

Mitigation strategies, such as security protective measures and/or procedures, may be developed to reduce risk for that scenario. An appendix to the VSP may contain the scenario(s) evaluated, the results of the evaluation, a description of the mitigation measures evaluated, and the reason mitigation measures were or were not chosen.

Mitigation definitions

Consider:The scenario should be considered and mitigation strategies should be developed on a case-by-case basis. The VSP may contain the scenario(s) evaluated, the results of the evaluation, and the reason mitigation measures were or were not chosen.

Mitigation definitions

Document:The scenario may not need a mitigation measure at this time and therefore needs only to be documented. However, mitigation measures having little cost may still merit consideration. The security plan may contain the scenario evaluated and the results. This will be beneficial in further revisions of the VSP, to know if the underlying assumptions have changed since the last edition of the security assessment.

Security Assessment Documentation

• Use of Assessment checklists

• NVIC 10-02

• VSA Report—see 33 CFR § 104.305(d)

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Security Equipment

Section 5

Security Equipment

• Personal Identification (ID Badges) – Laminated or secured against tampering– Contain:

• Individual’s full 1st name and last names with middle initial

• An accurate passport type photo that is current

• Bear the name of the issuing authority• A government authority or organization • The person’s employer, union or trade

association must also be on the card• Watermark

Security Equipment

• ID scanners

Security Equipment

Key pad entries

Security Equipment

Screening equipment

Body Scanner

Shoe scanner

Hand HeldScanners

Letter scanner

Security Equipment

• Use of dogs not only works, but is a good deterrent to the would-be attackers that might be doing reconnaissance

Security Equipment

• Adequate lighting is one of the best ways to put up the air of security.

• Remember that bad guys don’t like light

• Also a very good counter swimmer device.

Security Equipment

• Good fencing and gates

Security Equipment

• Waterside Perimeter security

Security Equipment

Testing, Calibration, and Maintenance

• It is the duty of the VSO to ensure that the security equipment is properly working, operated, tested, maintained, and calibrated

• Records of all maintenance, calibration and testing of security equipment See 33 CFR 104.235(b)(5)

• This record must be protected from unauthorized access or disclosure

• These records must be keep for a minimum of 2 years and must be made available to the USCG upon request

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Vessel Security PlanVSP

Section 6

Purpose of the VSP

• Address each vulnerability identified in the VSA (VSAR)

• Describe security measures for each MARSEC Level

• Each vessel must have a VSP approved by the USCG (MSC)

• See 33 CFR § 104.400

Contents of the VSP

• General Sections of VSP are listed in 33 CFR 104.405

• Specific details of content that must be included in all Sections, is listed in 33 CFR 104, Subpart B, §§ 104.200-104.297, as applicable

• SSAS plan for SOLAS vessels

Confidentiality Issues

• The VSP must be protected from unauthorized access or disclosure!

• The VSP shall be considered Sensitive Security Information (SSI) and must conform to the handling requirements identified in NVIC 10-04

• Contents of VSP are generally not subject to inspection by Port State Control (SOLAS vessels—ISPS A/9.8.1)

Development of the VSP

• The CSO is responsible for ensuring that the VSP is prepared and submitted for approval

• Security measured identified in the VSP must be in place by the time the plan is audited by the USCG (local COTP)

Development of the VSP

Discussion and Review

Of VSP Development

33 CFR 104.405(b)

33 CFR 104.200-104.297

Approval of the VSP

• The VSP must be written in English and submitted to MSC for approval

• 3 Stages of Approval:– General compliance of all main

Sections– Compliance with detailed requirements

of all Sections– Congruent with area Port Security

Plan and practical for nature of vessel• See 33 CFR § 104.410

Implementation of the VSP

• Ensure ALL personnel receive appropriate training and regular drills and exercises

• Ensure coordination of security issues takes place between facilities and vessels

• Ensure security communications are readily available and that security systems and equipment are installed and maintained

• See 33 CFR § 104.200—additional issues

Maintenance and Amendment of the VSP

• Amendments to the VSP

• Records and Documentation

• Annual Audit reviews

• See 33 CFR § 104.415

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Threat Identification, Recognition, and

Response

Section 7

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Recognition and detection of weapons, dangerous

substances and devices

Weapon Identification

Beretta 9mm

• 9mm, Semi, Magazine Fed, Recoil Operated

Colt 1911

• .45 Cal, Semi, Magazine Fed, Recoil Operated

MP 5

9 MM, Semi & Auto, Gas operated,Mag Fed,

M 4 Carbine

• 5.56 MM, Mag Fed, Gas Operated,

AK 47

• 7.62 MM, Semi and Auto, Mag Fed, Gas Operated

AK 47

P 90

• 5.56 MM,

Uzi

PM

PM

Russian “AK” design, assassin's Weapon

Note easy way it breaks down

Real Air Soft

Can you tell the real one?

Can you tell the real one?

Real Air Soft

Can you tell the real one?

RealAir Soft

Can you tell the real one?

Air Soft

Real

Can you tell the real one?

RealAir Soft

The right answer is that they are ALLALL real in the dark!

Ammunitions

Chemical Bomb

Chemical bomb

IED’s

Mail bombs

• Suspicious Mail– Hard or ridged– Oily marks on the

outside– The feel of wires– Lots of postage– Directed to a

specific person

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Methods of physical searches and non-

intrusive inspections

Practical Exercise

Methods of Physical Screening and Inspections

•

Methods of Physical Screening and Inspections

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Implementing and coordinating searches

Implementation and Coordinating Searches

• Planning and practicing searches• Check-card system• Necessary equipment

– flashlights and batteries;– screwdrivers, wrenches and crowbars;– mirrors and probes;– gloves, hard hats, overalls and non-slip footwear;– plastic bags and envelopes for collection of evidence;– forms on which to record activities and discoveries

Implementation and Coordinating Searches

• Systematic search procedures– Search teams– Dividing rooms/spaces into sections– Focused attention and clearing areas

• Crew members and facility personnel should not be allowed to search their own areas in recognition of the possibility that they may have concealed packages or devices in their own work or personal areas

• Known areas for concealment– (See Handout)

Implementation and Coordinating Searches

Room searching

2 man teams ALWAYS

There is a system: from the center up 90 degrees

and then up another 90 degrees

At HQ keep track of clear areas

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Recognition of persons posing potential

security risks

Non-discriminatory basis

Characteristics and behavioral patterns

The Secret Service believes that inquiry should focus on an individual’s behaviors and communications to determine if the individual appears to be planning or preparing for an attack. Behavior, body-language and communication are more effective indicators to measure an aggressor’s escalation.

Characteristics and behavioral patterns

The U.S. Secret Service reports that the use of profiles, particularly racial or ethnic profiles, is not effective either for identifying individuals who may pose a risk for targeted violence or – once an individual has been identified – for assessing the risk that a particular individual may pose for targeted violence.

Characteristics and behavioral patterns

• Profiling:– Ethnic back ground– Religion– Dress– Actions – Accents– Beliefs– Political following

Characteristics and behavioral patterns

• Profiling: the facts– You cannot tell by any means who might be a

terrorist– In the Maritime Security field any person coming

onto your vessel could posse a threat– Visitors

• Check ID’s for fakes– Venders

• Don’t assume they have not been approached– Persons taking pictures of vessel or facility– Note that the U.S. 33-CFR doesn’t refer to non-

discriminatory bases

Characteristics and behavioral patterns

• Security personnel should understand and react to persons exhibiting unsafe appearance or behavior. Cues to unsafe appearance:– Inappropriate clothing for weather– Conscious and unconscious “re-adjusting” of

clothing– Suspicious “bulges” in clothing– Unconscious “checking” for weapon

• Suspicious persons/activities (hand-out)

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Techniques used to circumvent security

measures

Techniques Used to Circumvent Security Measures

In 2005, Al-Qaida trained over200 divers. These are 2 that where caught in the Philippines

Techniques Used to Circumvent Security Measures

• Disabling alarm systems

• Lock picking equipment

• Glass cutting equipment

• Wire / Bolt cutters

• Fake ID badges / uniforms

• CCTV disabling spray

• Computer hacking

Crowd Management & Control

VSO’s, FSO’s and CSO’s may find themselves conducting crowd control in very difficult situations. They may discover that some groups will not accept them. They may have to impose order in their area of jurisdiction to protect employees, passengers and the general public. Moreover, they will be under intense media and political scrutiny. Enlightened command and control techniques help to make decision-making more effective in an emergent crowd control situation.

Crowd Management & Control

• Scenarios that may require Crowd Control– Sporting/Social Events– Demonstrations– Humanitarian/Environmental

Protests– Loading/Unloading of passengers– Civil War/Unrest

Crowd Management & Control

• Contributing Factors– Alcohol – Drug Abuse– Fear– Hooliganism– Poor Administration/Management– Employee/Union Disputes

Crowd Management & Control

• Important questions are as follows:– Who are they? What is the overarching identity of the

crowd?– What are their goals?– What is the composition of the crowd and are there

any known factions?– What are they capable of doing?– What are their traditional behaviors or cultural

repertoires?– When and where will they assemble?– Where will they go?– What are the possible targets of violence?– What is the worst case scenario?– When and where will they disperse?– Are there plans for subsequent gatherings?

Crowd Management & Control

• For vessels and facilities, planning must include:– Organizing emergency procedures– Optimizing the use of resources– Controlling the response to emergencies by

identifying, prioritizing and controlling the most critical threats.

– Controlling crew, passengers and other personnel during emergency situations

– Establishing and maintaining effective communications

Crowd Management & Control

• Training programs should be designed by to train crewmembers and security personnel in:– Vessel layout and familiarization– Location of safety and emergency equipment– Location of emergency exits– Use of personal lifesaving appliances– Compliance of the ship’s safety and

emergency procedures– Crowd management and communications

during an emergency situation

Crowd Management & Control

• Control and Management– Inner, Intermediate, and outer

cordons– Enforcing cordons

• Access Control measures• Manned Checkpoints• Natural/Physical barriers• Tapes “funneling persons”

– Monitoring/Communication Equipment

– Signage

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Ship Security Actions

Section 8

Security levels—required actions

The Commandant of the USCG will set the MARSEC level consistent with the Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS)

Homeland Security Advisory System

Maritime Security Level

LOW

MARSEC LEVEL 1GUARDED

ELEVATED

HIGH MARSEC LEVEL 2

SEVERE MARSEC LEVEL 3

Security levels—required actions

• MARSEC Level 1– The level for which

minimum Appropriate protective security measures shall be maintained at all times

• MARSEC Level 2– Means the level for

which appropriate additional protective security measures shall be maintained for a period of time as result of heightened risk of a transportation security

• MARSEC Level 3– Means the level for

which further specific protective security measures shall be maintained for a limited period of time when a transportation security incident is probable or imminent, although it may not be possible to identify the specific target.

Security levels—required actions

• If a higher MARSEC Level is set for the COTP zone in which the vessel is located or are about to enter, they will comply, without undue delay, with all measures specified in the VSP for compliance with that higher MARSEC Level;

• The COTP is notified as required by 33 CFR 101.300(c) when compliance with the higher MARSEC Level has been implemented; and

• For vessels in port that compliance with the higher MARSEC Level has taken place within 12 Hours of notification; and

Security levels—required actions

• For MARSEC Levels 2 and 3, the VSO will implement additional security measures and notify all personnel of the change in Security Level, identified threats, and emphasize reporting procedures and stress the need for increased vigilance;

• For MARSEC Level 3, the VSO will implement further additional security measures as directed in this Vessel Security Plan (pursuant to 33 CFR part 6, 160, or 165) or as directed by the COPT, such as arrangements to ensure that the vessel can be towed or moved if deemed necessary by the Coast Guard;

• Non-compliance issues must be reported immediately.

Security levels—additional issues

• Unless otherwise directed each port, vessel, and facility shall operate at MARSEC Level 1;

• The COTP may temporarily raise the MARSEC Level for the port, a specific marine operation within the port or a specific industry within the port when necessary to address exigent circumstances

Maintaining Security of theVessel/Facility Interface

• Definition of Interface (33 CFR 101.105)

• Security Measures during interfaces effected by MARSEC Levels

• Coordination of duties between CSO, VSO, and FSO

• Review of VSP and FSP

Declaration of Security (DoS)

• Definition of Declaration of Security (33 CFR 101.105)

• Contracting governments determine when a DoS shall be completed– Determined by type of vessel and current

MARSEC Level– Continuing DoS’s– COTP request at any time

• Master, VSO, or designated representative must complete it

Declaration of Security (DoS)

• May be requested by vessel when:– Vessel is at higher MARSEC Level;– Agreements between Contracting

Government’s for certain vessels or voyages;

– Security threat or incident– Interfacing facility is not required to

have an approved FSP– Interfacing vessel is not required to

have an approved VSP

Implementation of Security Measures

• Security Measures to be taken at all three MARSEC Levels– Performance of all vessel security duties– Access Control– Restricted Areas– Handling Cargo– Delivering vessel stores and bunkers– Monitoring and Communication– Additional measures for cruise ships,

passenger vessels, and ferries

Implementation of Security Measures

• Putting it all into action—an ongoing process– Defined security duties and

responsibilities– Training, Drills, and Exercises– Security Challenges– Regular communication of security

procedures, threats, and concerns

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Emergency Preparedness, Drills &

Exercises

Section 9

Contingency Planning

Contingency plans are based on any security incident the vessel may encounter and are guidelines for the VSO to follow. Each security incident will merit its own evaluation, and the procedures and measures used will be based on several factors that only the VSO can decide at the time of the security incident. Any such actions taken shall always consider the safety of the crew, passengers, and vessel as priority.

Contingency Planning

• Action to take in the event of a security incident– All vessel personnel are familiar with the

various types of security incidents through security training provided by the company, to include the appropriate communication lines of reporting;

– Any personnel having knowledge of or witnessing a security incident, of any degree, will immediately notify the VSO or Master with particulars;

– The VSO will notify, without delay, the CSO, National Response Center (NRC) and the local COTP, and take instructions as are available for responding to a given security incident;

Contingency Planning

• Action to take in the event of a security incident (cont.)– The VSO will ensure communication lines are

maintained with the above entities and any other agencies involved in responding to a security incident; Pilot House will immediately be secured;

– The VSO will convene a meeting and brief personnel;– The VSO will sound alarms as appropriate, to include

the SSAS, depending on the immediacy and severity of the incident.

– Implement measures for various contingency plans, as appropriate;

– Prepare to evacuate all personnel and visitors from the vessel.

Contingency Planning

• Emergency Contact Information for the following incidents:– Notification of suspicious activities,

persons, or packages;– Notification of breaches of security;– Notification of transportation security

incident (TSI)

(See enclosed contact information)

Contingency Planning

• Hijacking• Bomb Threat• Unidentified objects / explosives on

vessel, in baggage, stores, or persons• Damage to / destruction of port facility• Piracy and other hostile boarding• Stowaways• Searching vessel

Security Drills and Exercises

• Must test proficiency of vessel personal in assigned security duties at all MARSEC Levels.

• Implementation of security measures due to a raise in MARSEC Level can be listed as a drill if the report is sent to the COTP.

• Will enable the VSO to Identify any related security deficiencies that need to be addressed.

Security Drills and Exercises

• Drills– Must be conducted every 3 months, except

when the vessel is out of service due to repairs.

– Must be repeated when crew change is 25% or greater (within one week).

– Must test individual elements of the VSP– Each drill must be recorded.– These reports will be reviewed by the USCG

upon inspections, and must have the date, description of drill, participants, lessons learned which may improve the VSP.

Security Drills and Exercises

• Example of Drills– Screening (reactive or preventative) of the

vessel, persons, baggage and vehicles– Unauthorized entry to restricted areas– Response to alarms– Communications– Notification to law enforcement authorities

Security Drills and Exercises

• Exercises– Conducted at least once each calendar year, with no

more than 18 months between exercises• Full scale or live;• Tabletop simulation or seminar format;• Combined with other appropriate exercises; or• Combined with elements of the above mentioned

exercises.– Vessel-specific or may be part of a cooperative

exercise– Tests communication and notification procedures, and

elements of coordination, resource availability, and response.

Security Drills and Exercises

• Exercises are a full test of the security program and include the substantial and active participation of relevant company and ship security personnel, and include facility security personnel and government authorities depending on the scope and the nature of the exercises.

• A vessel while along side or moored at a facility it may participate in the Facility’s scheduled drill.

Assessment of Security Drills and Exercises

• Assessments of drills and exercises helps to identify areas of proficiency as well as areas of weakness.

• Review lessons learned with personnel participating.

• Documentation

Third-Party Due Diligence

• VSP reviews and audits

• Hard Security testing

• Crew Trainings

Coordinating Drill / ExercisesWith Response Agencies

• Local COTP

• Bomb Squad

• Contracted security and local law enforcement

• Emergency medical

• Port facility

Mock Drill and Evaluation

(Screening and Searching)

Security Challenges

• Access to the vessel

• Access within the vessel to Restricted Areas

• 3rd party due diligence

• Helps minimize or eliminate fines or penalties for non-compliance

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Security Administration

Section 10

Documentation and Records

• The VSO must retain all necessary security records for at least two years and make them available to the Coast Guard upon request. These records may be kept in electronic format, and if so must be protected against unauthorized deletion, destruction, or amendment.

• Security-related records will also be kept and protected by the VSO from unauthorized access or disclosure.

Documentation and Records

• Security Records – see handout

• International Ship Security Certificate (ISSC) – Held onboard and valid for 5 years

• Continuous Synopsis Record – SOLAS Chapter XI-1, Regulation 5

Reporting Security Incidents

• Notification of suspicious activities, persons, or packages

• Notification of breaches of security • Notification of transportation security

incident (TSI)

• NOTE: Callers to the NRC should be prepared to provide the following information: – Their own name and contact information;– The name and contact information of the suspicious or

responsible party;– The location of the incident as specifically as possible;

and– The description of the incident or activity involved.

Monitoring and Control

• Proper administration of the VSP by the VSO and CSO– Security Inspections and audits– Records and documentation– Amendments to plan

Security Audits and Inspections

The CSO or VSO must ensure an audit of the VSP is performed annually, beginning no later than one year from the initial date of approval, and attach a letter to the VSP certifying that the VSP meets the applicable requirements.

Security Audits and Inspections

• Unless impracticable due to the size and nature of the company or vessel, personnel conducting internal audits of the security measures specified in the VSP or evaluating it’s implementation must:– Have knowledge of methods for

conducting audits and inspections, and security, control, and monitoring techniques;

– Not have regularly assigned security duties;

– Be independent of any security measures being implemented.

Reporting Nonconformities

• Change in the company’s or vessel’s ownership or operator

• Modifications to the vessel, including but not limited to physical structure, emergency response procedures, security measures, or operations

• Require amendments of either the VSA or VSP must be submitted to the MSC for review and approval no later than 30 days after completion of the audit and a letter certifying that the amended VSP meets the applicable requirements.

International Maritime Security Network, LLC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Security Training

Section 11

Training Requirements

• Company Security Officer

• Vessel Security Officer

• Personnel with Security Duties

• All Other Personnel

• (33 CFR 104.210, 215, 220, 225)

Instructional Techniques

• Instructional– The CSO & VSO must train persons

with and with out security duties.– The method of teaching must take

into account social / cultural background of trainees

– It is important to explain, show, and review every topic that you teach to ensure the student fully understands

• Lecture / Slide Shows• Handouts / Quiz’s• Group Discussions

Instructional Techniques

• Practical / Hands-on– Scenario-based training and case

studies– Build scenarios with your students.

This will help keep them always thinking about security

– Screening and Searching• Vessels, Persons, Baggage and stores• Buildings, rooms• Other unique areas