INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION, POLICY, &

LAW

International Organization, Policy, & Law

4 Most Important Things to Know about IO 4 Most Important Things to Know about

Foreign Policy 4 Most Important Things to Know about IL

~The Basics~Evolution~Expansion~Cooperation

International Organization

IO: Basics

What is International Organization? Note ‘Organization’, no ‘s’ Modern system Actors Issues

IO: Evolution

Universal Concern for Humans Int’l Peace Conferences, The Hague (1899,

1907)

Responsibility League of Nations United Nations

Growth in membership IGOs, NGOs

IO Evolution

About the United Nations Purpose Effectiveness Structure Transnational issues

Ban Ki Moon, UN Secretary General

http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/pdfs/un_system_chart_colour_sm.pdf

IO: Expansion

Expansion of IO Increased international contact Increased interdependence Expansion of transnational problems Failure of current state-centered system

to provide security Efforts of small states to gain strength

through joint action Provide role models

IO Cooperation: IGOs

Interactive Arena Self-interest NATO

Center for Cooperation Functionalism ECOWAS

Independent International Actor Proactive UN

Supranational Governance Authority EU

Very tradition

al

Less tradition

al

More alternati

ve

Very alternati

ve

~The Basics~Evolution~Expansion~Cooperation

International Organization Recap

~The Basics~Who Influences FP within States~What Influences FP Making~Different Types of FP Diplomacy Settings

Foreign Policy

The Basics

What is Foreign Policy?What is Diplomacy

Formal relations Sovereignty

Recognize with an Embassy

Objective National self-interest

Modern era Treaty of Versailles, 1919

About Foreign Policy Diplomacy

Who is the most important diplomat for a country?

Head of Government Country

France, Russia, Brazil

United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Japan

China, Czech Republic

Germany

Saudi Arabia, Brunei, Oman, Qatar

Title

President

Prime Minister

Premier

Chancellor

King

About Foreign Policy Diplomacy

Head of State—Figurehead

Country

United States, China, Germany, Brazil

France, Russia

United Kingdom, Morocco, Thailand, Japan

Saudi Arabia, Brunei, Oman, Qatar

Title

President

Prime Minister

King or Queen

King

About Diplomacy

Who Else? Head of Government Head Foreign Affairs Officer Ambassadors Civil servants

Foreign Service Officers

Country

Title

US Secretary of State

UK Foreign Secretary

France Minister of State

China Minister of Foreign Affairs

William Hague, British Foreign Secretary

Who Influences FP Making within States?

1. Executive Branch2. Legislative Branch3. Interest Groups4. Voters5. Political Opposition6. Bureaucracy7. Media

What Influences Foreign Policy?

Intermestic Issues

Domestic and Int’l Factors Let’s build a road in Kentucky

Two-Level Games Level One

Diplomat to Diplomat Level Two

Diplomat to Population

What Influences Foreign Policy?

II II

I

Two Levels

Diplomat Diplomat with hat

Diplomat to Diplomat

Diplomat to Population

Diplomat to Population

What Influences Foreign Policy?2 Levels of Eurozone Crisis

Domestic Level

Greeks

International Level

Domestic LevelGermans

•Gov’t: Fix economy•Protest against changes

•Coordinate economic policy

•Gov’t Save euro•Germans upset

Domestic Level

Greeks•Gov’t: Fix economy•Protest against changes

Domestic Level

Greeks

International Level

•Gov’t: Fix economy•Protest against changes

•Coordinate economic policy

Different FP Diplomacy Settings

Situations & Policy Environments Hostile Diplomacy

Armed/potential armed Adversarial Diplomacy

Little chance of conflict Coalition Diplomacy

Cooperation Mediation Diplomacy

3rd party

~The Basics~Who Influences FP within States~What Influences FP Making~Different Types of FP Diplomacy Settings

Foreign Policy: Recap

~The Basics~Primitive Nature~Western Phenomenon~Adherence

International Law

IL: The Basics

Based on customs, agreements, treaties

Increased over time More actors More contact

Increased interdependence Greater need to coordinate policies,

actions

IL: Primitive Nature

Not legislated Based on customs & agreements No overarching enforcement authority Sovereign states pursue self-interests

IL: Western Phenomenon

European, then US domination

Father of International Law Age of Reason Natural Law

Hugo Grotius (1583-1645)

IL: Western Phenomenon

Early law war Contemporary law

transnational issues Differences between

cultures Cultural relativism

~Adherence Issues~

International Law

International Law

Adherence Compliance is voluntary Means of enforcement Most states obey international laws- Why?

ReputationLong-term benefits v. short term lossesEmploy means to convince states to complySets precedence for cooperation

So, is international law really law? Sovereignty v. adherence

~The Basics~Primitive Nature~Western Phenomenon~Adherence

International Law: Recap