INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF BIBLICAL STUDIES VOLUME 50

FOUNDED BY FRIDOLIN STIER EDITED BY BERNHARD LANGWITH SUPPORT OF

THE UNIVERSITY OF PADERBORN, GERMANYAND

THE UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS, UNITED KINGDOM

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INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF BIBLICAL STUDIESInternationale Zeitschriftenschau fr Bibelwissenschaft und Grenzgebiete Revue Internationale des tudes Bibliques

edited by

BERNHARD LANG

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VOLUME 50, 20032004

BRILLLEIDENBOSTON 2005

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data are also available.

Die Deutsche Bibliothek CIP-EinheitsaufnahmeDie Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie. Detailed bibliography data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de.

ISSN 00749745 ISBN 9004138676

2005 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, Boston All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change.

PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS

EDITORIAL STAFFBernhard Lang (BL) Susanne Pramann (SP) Damian Lazarek (DL) Esther Brnenberg (EB)

CONTRIBUTORSRollin Armour, Macon/USA (RA) Christoph Buysch, Bonn (CB) Bernd Feininger, Gengenbach (BF) Volkmar Fritz, Mainz (VF) Michael Hartmann, Tbingen (MH) Michael Konkel, Bonn (MDK) Paul Albertus Kruger, Stellenbosch/South Africa (PAK) Andr Lemaire, Paris/France (AL) Rudolf Mack, Freiburg, i. B. (RM) Antonino Minissale, Catania/Italy (AM) Ulrike Sals, Wrzburg, Greifswald (US) Wolfgang Schenk, Saarbrcken (WSch) Hans-Christoph Schmitt, Erlangen (HCS) Panayotis Simotas, Athen/Greece (PSm) Stefan Szymik, Lublin/Poland (SS) Nele van Meeteren, Dsseldorf (NvM) Michael Wohlers, Hannover (MW) Dieter Zeller, Mainz (DZ)

Address of the editorial oce International Review of Biblical Studies Universitt Paderborn Fakultt fr Kulturwissenschaften, Fb. 1/IZBG Warburger Str. 100 D-33098 Paderborn, Germany

CORRECTION

IRBS 48:1522 is incomplete as it lacks, by mistake, the author and the title of the book in which the article is included. The missing information is: John Fenton, More about Mark; SPCK, London (2001) 97113. The article is also summarised in IZBG 37:1928.

ABBREVIATIONSABR ACra Aevum AGJU AJA AJBA AJBI Altertum ANES Ang. Anton. AOAT ASEs ATh AThR AtK AUSS BaptQ BArR BASOR BBB BBR BCPE BEAT Beit Mikra BEThL BI Bib. Bijdr. BiKi BiLi BiRe BJRL BN Bobolanum BR BS BTB BThSt BThZ BWANT BZ BZAW BZNW CBQ CBQ.MS CBR Australian Biblical Review, Melbourne/Australia Analecta Cracoviensia, Cracow/Poland Aevum, Milan/Italy Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums, Leiden/The Netherlands American Journal of Archaeology, Boston, Massachusetts/USA The Australian Journal of Biblical Archaeology, Sydney/Australia Annual of the Japanese Biblical Institute, Tokyo/Japan Altertum, Berlin/Germany Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Leuven/Belgium Angelicum, Rome/Italy Antonianum, Rome/Italy Alter Orient und Altes Testament, Mnster/Germany Annali di storia dellesegesi, Bologna/Italy Acta Theologica, Bloemfontein/South Africa Anglican Theological Review, Evanston, Illinois/USA Ateneum Kaplanskie, Wrocawek/Poland Andrews University Seminary Studies, Berrien Springs, Michigan/USA The Baptist Quarterly, London/UK Biblical Archaeology Review, Washington D.C./USA Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, Baltimore, Maryland/USA Bonner Biblische Beitrge, Berlin/Germany Bulletin for Biblical Research, Winona Lake, Indiana/USA Bulletin du Centre Protestant dtudes, Geneva/Switzerland Beitrge zur Erforschung des Alten Testaments und des antiken Judentums, Bern/Switzerland Beit Mikra, Jerusalem/Israel Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium, Leuven/Belgium Biblical Interpretation, Leiden/The Netherlands Biblica, Rome/Italy Bijdragen. Tijdschrift voor losoe en theologie, Amsterdam/The Netherlands Bibel und Kirche, Stuttgart/Germany Bibel und Liturgie, Klosterneuburg/Austria Bible Review, Washington D.C./USA Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester, Manchester/UK Biblische Notizen, Munich/Germany Bobolanum, Warsaw/Poland Biblical Research, Chicago, Illinois/USA Bibliotheca Sacra, Dallas, Texas/USA Biblical Theology Bulletin, New York/USA Biblisch-Theologische Studien, Neukirchen-Vluyn/Germany Berliner Theologische Zeitschrift, Berlin/Germany Beitrge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament, Stuttgart Berlin Cologne Mainz/Germany Biblische Zeitschrift, Paderborn/Germany Beihefte zur ZAW, Berlin/Germany New York/USA Beihefte zur ZNW, Berlin/Germany New York/USA The Catholic Biblical Quarterly, Washington, D.C./USA The Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series, Washington, D.C./USA Currents in Biblical Research, London/UK

CDios Coll. Com(P) CoTh CRAI CrSt CThMi CTJ CV CzST DBAT DBM DJD DSD Encounter Ephem. ErIs EstE ET EThL ETR EuA Evangel EvTh ExAu FAT FNT FRLANT

La Ciudad de Dios, Madrid/Spain Collationes. Vlaams Tijdschrift voor Theologie en Pastoraal, Gent/ Belgium Communio, Posen/Poland Collectanea Theologica, Warsaw/Poland Comptes Rendus des sances de lAcadmie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, Paris/France Cristianesimo nella Storia, Bologna/Italy Currents in Theology and Mission, Chicago, Illinois/USA Calvin Theological Journal, Grand Rapids, Michigan/USA Communio Viatorum, Prague/Czech Republic Czestochowskie Studia Teologiczne, Tschenstochau/Poland Dielheimer Bltter zur Archologie und Textberlieferung der Antike und Sptantike, Heidelberg/Germany Deltio Biblikon Meleton, Athens/Greece Discoveries in the Judaean Desert, Oxford/UK Dead Sea Discoveries, Leiden/The Netherlands Encounter, Indianapolis, Indiana/USA Ephmrios, Athens/Greece Eretz-Israel, Jerusalem/Israel Estudios Eclesisticos, Madrid/Spain The Expository Times, Edinburgh/UK Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses, Leuven/Belgium tudes Thologiques et Religieuses, Montpellier/France Erbe und Auftrag, Benediktinische Monatszeitschrift, Beuron/Germany Evangel, Edinburgh/UK Evangelische Theologie, Gtersloh/Germany Ex Auditu, Allison Park, Pennsylvania/USA

Forschungen zum Alten Testament, Tbingen/Germany Filologia Neotestamentaria, Crdoba/Spain Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments, Gttingen/Germany Fundamentum Fundamentum, Riehen/Switzerland fzb Forschung zur Bibel, Wrzburg/Germany GlLern Gr. GregPa HBT HebStud Hen. Hermenutica HlD Hokhma HThR HTS HUCA IBSt Ichthys IDS IEJ IKaZ IKZ Glaube und Lernen, Gttingen/Germany Gregorianum, Rome/Italy Gregorios ho Palamas, Thessaloniki/Greece Horizons in Biblical Theology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania/USA Hebrew Studies, Madison, Wisconsin/USA Henoch, Turin/Italy Hermenutica, Cachoeira Bahia/Brasil Heiliger Dienst, Salzburg/Austria Hokhma, Caudry/France Harvard Theological Review, Cambridge, Massachusetts/USA Hervormde Teologiese Studies, Pretoria/South Africa Hebrew Union College Annual, Cincinnati, Ohio/USA Irish Biblical Studies, Belfast/UK Ichthys, rhus/Denmark In die Skriig, Potchefstroom/South Africa Israel Exploration Journal, Jerusalem/Israel Internationale Katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Cologne/Germany Internationale Kirchliche Zeitschrift, Bern/Switzerland

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Interp. IThQ JANES JbDEI JBL JBQ JBTh JCS Jdm JECS JETh JETS JFA JNES JNWSL JOSA JQR JSHJ JSJ JSNT JSNT.S JSOT JSOT.S JSPE JSPE.S JSQ JSSt JThF JThS KaKe KuD LASBF LeDiv Leqach LouvSt LTP LV(L)

Interpretation, Richmond, Virginia/USA Irish Theological Quarterly, Maynooth/Ireland Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society, NewYork/USA Jahrbuch des Deutschen Evangelischen Instituts fr Altertumswissenschaft des Heiligen Landes, Hannover/Germany Journal of Biblical Literature, Atlanta, Georgia/USA Jewish Bible Quarterly, Jerusalem/Israel Jahrbuch fr Biblische Theologie, Neukirchen-Vluyn/Germany Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Atlanta, Georgia/USA Judaism, New York/USA Journal of Early Christian Studies, Baltimore, Maryland/USA Jahrbuch fr Evangelikale Theologie, Wuppertal/Germany Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, San Diego, California/USA Journal of Field Archaeology, Boston, Massachusetts/USA Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Chicago, Illinois/USA Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages, Leiden/The Netherlands Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia, Sydney/Australia The Jewish Quarterly Review, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/USA Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus, London/UK Journal for the Study of Judaism, Leiden/The Netherlands Journal for the Study of the New Testament, London/UK JSNT Supplement Series, London/UK Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, London/UK JSOT Supplement Series, London/UK Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha, London/UK JSPE Supplement Series, London/UK Jewish Studies Quarterly, Tbingen/Germany Journal of Semitic Studies, Manchester/UK Jerusalemer Theologisches Forum, Mnster/Germany Journal of Theological Studies, Oxford/UK Katorikku Kenkyu. Catholic Studies, Tokyo/Japan Kerygma und Dogma, Gttingen/Germany Liber annuus. Studium Biblicum Franciscanum, Jerusalem/Israel Lectio Divina, Paris/France Leqach. Mitteilungen und Beitrge; Forschungsstelle Judentum, Theol. Fakultt, Leipzig/Germany Louvain Studies, Louvain/Belgium Laval Thologique et Philosophique, Qubec/Canada Lumire & Vie, Lyon/France

MDOG Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft, Berlin/Germany MSR Mlanges de Science Religieuse, Lille/France MThZ Mnchener Theologische Zeitschrift, St. Ottilien/Germany NEAr Near Eastern Archaeology (formerly Biblical Archaeologist), Atlanta, Georgia/USA Neotest. Neotestamentica, Pretoria/South Africa NGTT Nederduitse Gereformeerde Teologiese Tydskrif, Cape Town/South Africa NRT Nouvelle Revue Thologique, Tournai/Belgium NT Novum Testamentum, Leiden/The Netherlands NTOA Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus, Freiburg/Switzerland NTS New Testament Studies, Cambridge/UK OBO Or. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis, Freiburg/Switzerland Orientalia, Rome/Italy

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Orient OTE OTS

Orient, Tokyo/Japan Old Testament Essays, Pretoria/South Africa Oudtestamentische Studien, Leiden/The Netherlands

PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly, London/UK PosLuth Positions Luthriennes, Paris/France Proceedings EGL Proceedings: Eastern Great Lakes and Midwest Biblical Societies, & MWBS Bualo New York/USA Prooftexts Prooftexts: A Journal of Jewish Literary History, Baltimore, Maryland/ USA Protest. Protestantesimo, Rome/Italy PRSt Perspectives in Religious Studies, Richmond, Virginia/USA PSB The Princeton Seminary Bulletin, Princeton, New Jersey/USA PSV Parola Spirito e Vita, Bologna/Italy PzB Protokolle zur Bibel, Salzburg Klosterneuburg/Austria Qad. QD Qsel RB RBB RBL RdQ REB RevAg RevBL RHPhR RHR RicStBib RSPhTh RSR RStB RStR RThom RThPh RTK RTL RTR Sal. Salm. SBAB SBB SBET SBL SBL.DS SBL.MS SBL.SPS SBS ScC ScEs Schrift ScrB ScripSc Scriptura SE Sef. Qadmoniot, Jerusalem/Israel Quaestiones Disputatae, Freiburg/Germany, Basel/Switzerland, Vienna/Austria Quaestiones selectae. Zeszyty Naukowe, Wroclaw/Poland Revue Biblique, Paris/France Revista Biblica Brasileira, Fortaleza/Brasil Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny, Cracow/Poland Revue de Qumrn, Paris/France Revista Eclesistica Brasileira, Petrpolis/Brasil Revista Agustiniana, Madrid/Spain Review of Biblical Literature, Atlanta/USA Revue dHistoire et de Philosophie Religieuses, Paris/France Revue de lHistoire des Religions, Paris/France Ricerche Storico Bibliche, Bologna/Italy Revue des Sciences Philosophiques et Thologiques, Paris/France Recherches de Science Religieuse, Paris/France Ricerche Storico-Bibliche, Bologna/Italy Religious Studies Review, Valparaiso, Indiana/USA Revue Thomiste, Toulouse/France Revue de Thologie et de Philosophie, Lausanne/Switzerland Roczniki Teologiczne, Lublin/Poland Revue Thologique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve/Belgium Reformed Theological Review, Doncaster/Australia Salesianum, Rome/Italy Salmanticensis, Salamanca/Spain Stuttgarter Biblische Aufsatzbnde, Stuttgart/Germany Stuttgarter Biblische Beitrge, Stuttgart/Germany Scottish Bulletin of Evangelical Theology, Edinburgh/UK Society of Biblical Literature SBL Dissertation Series, Atlanta, Georgia/USA SBL Monograph Series, Atlanta, Georgia/USA SBL Seminar Paper Series, Atlanta, Georgia/USA Stuttgarter Bibelstudien, Stuttgart/Germany La Scuola Cattolica, Milan/Italy Science et sprit, Ottawa/Canada Schrift, Baarn/The Netherlands Scripture Bulletin, Birmingham/UK Scriptura Sacra, Opole/Poland Scriptura, Stellenbosch/South Africa Svensk Exegetisk rsbok, Uppsala/Sweden Sefarad, Madrid/Spain

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Sem. Semeia SFra SGn SJOT SJTh SNTS.MS SNTU Sploc SR SSHT STeol StUNT STV SWJT TAik TarST TBe Tel Aviv ThD Theol. Theol(A) Theologika ThQ ThR ThRev ThZ TrinJ TS TSAJ TTh TTK TuK TynB UF US

Semitica, Paris/France Semeia, Atlanta, Georgia/USA Studia Franciszkanskie, Posen/Poland Studia Gnieznienskie, Gniezno/Poland Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament, Oslo/Norway Stockholm/Sweden Copenhagen/Denmark Scottish Journal of Theology, Edinburgh/UK Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series, Cambridge/ UK Studien zum Neuen Testament und seiner Umwelt, Linz Freistadt/Austria Studia Plockie, Plock/Poland Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses, Waterloo/Canada Slaskie Studia Historyczno-Teologiczne, Kattowitz/Poland Studia Teologiczne, Bialystok/Poland Studien zur Umwelt des Neuen Testaments, Gttingen/Germany Studia Theologica Varsaviensia, Warsaw/Poland Southwestern Journal of Theology, Fort Worth, Texas/USA Teologinen Aikakauskirja, Helsinki/Finland Tarnowskie Studia Teologiczne, Tarnw/Poland Theologische Beitrge, Haan/Germany Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv/Israel Theology Digest, St. Louis, Missouri/USA Theology, London/UK Theologia, Athens/Greece Theologika. Revista Biblico-Teologica, Lima/Peru Theologische Quartalschrift, Munich/Germany Theologische Rundschau, Tbingen/Germany Theological Review, Beirut/Lebanon Theologische Zeitschrift, Basel/Switzerland Trinity Journal, Deereld, Illinois/USA Theological Studies, Washington D.C./USA Texte und Studien zum Antiken Judentum/Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism, Tbingen/Germany Tijdschrift voor Theologie, Nijmegen/The Netherlands Tidsskrift for Teologi og Kirke, Oslo/Norway Texte und Kontexte, Berlin/Germany Tyndale Bulletin, London/UK Ugarit-Forschungen, Mnster/Germany Una Sancta, Meitingen/Germany

Verbum et Ecclesia Verbum et Ecclesia, Pretoria/South Africa VF Verkndigung und Forschung, Gtersloh/Germany VoxPa Vox Patrum, Antyk chrzescijanski, Lublin/Poland VoxScrip Vox Scripturae, Sao Paulo/Brasil VT Vetus Testamentum, Leiden/The Netherlands VT.S Supplements to Vetus Testamentum, Leiden/The Netherlands WdO Wiez WMANT WO WrPT WST WThJ WUB Die Welt des Orients, Gttingen/Germany Wiez, Warsaw/Poland Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament, Neukirchen-Vluyn/Germany Die Welt des Orients, Gttingen/Germany Wroclawski Przeglad Teologiczny, Wroclaw/Poland Warszwaskie Studia Teologiczne, Warsaw/Poland The Westminster Theological Journal, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/ USA Welt und Umwelt der Bibel, Stuttgart/Germany

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WuD WUNT ZABR ZAH ZAW ZDMG ZDPV Zion ZKT ZNKUL ZNT ZNW ZPTh

Wort und Dienst, Bielefeld/Germany Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, Tbingen/Germany Zeitschrift fr Altorientalische und Biblische Rechtsgeschichte, Wiesbaden/ Germany Zeitschrift fr Althebraistik, Stuttgart, Berlin, Cologne/Germany Zeitschrift fr die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, Berlin/Germany New York/USA Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlndischen Gesellschaft, Wiesbaden/Germany Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palstina-Vereins, Wiesbaden/Germany Zion, Jerusalem/Israel Zeitschrift fr Katholische Theologie, Vienna/Austria Zeszyty Naukowe KUL, Lublin/Poland Zeitschrift fr Neues Testament, Tbingen/Germany Zeitschrift fr die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft, Berlin/Germany New York/USA Zeitschrift fr Pdagogik und Theologie, Frankfurt/Germany

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TEXT VERSIONS Text of the OT Masorah Targums 1 Yosef Ofer, The Preparation of the Jerusalem Crown Edition of the Bible TextThe new edition of the Bible, Keter Yerushalayim, was prepared under the aegis of the Hebrew University, following the text and the Masora of the Aleppo Codex and related manuscripts according to the Method of Rabbi Mordechai Breuer (supervising editor: Yosef Ofer, Jerusalem 2000). The article reviews the principles according to which the biblical text was determined, comparisons made to other variants, and explicates the decisions taken. Such documentation is an essential part of any modern scientic Bible edition. HebStud 44 (2003) 87117

2 [anonymous] The Parallel Bible: Hebrew-English Old TestamentIn 2001, Aron Dotan published the text of the Leningrad Codex; this text is here combined with the King James Bible so that the Hebrew and the English text are printed on facing pages. The sequence of the biblical books is that of the English Bible. The result is an attractive though somewhat old-fashioned looking heavy volume. Personally, the reviewer feels that he would have preferred to have a slightly more modern English text, e.g. that of the Revised Standard Version. Hendrickson Publishers, Peabody, mass. (2003) VIII/11883 (BL)

3 Arie van der Kooij, Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible: Its Aim and MethodVerf. stellt grundstzliche berlegungen zur Textkritik, ihrer Materie, ihrem Ziel und ihrem Verhltnis zur Literarkritik an. VT.S 94; Shalom M. Paul et al. (eds.), Emanuel; Brill, Leiden (2003) 729739 (NvM)

4 Johann Maier, Le Scritture prima della BibbiaAn introductory survey of the available textual evidence of the OT books from the Second Temple period, based on the authors expertise on the Dead Sea scrolls. Introduzione allo studio della Bibbia, supplementi 11; Editrice paideia, Brescia (2003) 1270 (BL)

5 David Marcus, Alternate Chapter Divisions in the Pentateuch in the Light of the Masoretic SectionsThere are a number of cases in the Pentateuch when chapters in both Hebrew and non-Hebrew printed editions start at dierent places within one verse of each other. Masoretic sectional divisions of a petuah, a setumah, or a seder sometimes coincide with the standard chapter division, sometimes with the alternate chapter division, and sometimes with both. There are also cases where Masoretic sectional divisions are found within two or three verses of the diering chapter divisions. The existence of these alternate chapter divisions has practical consequences for modern students of the Bible. One is the obvious fact that since dierent chapter divisions will produce dierent enumeration of verses, the dierent division can lead to confusion in citing references. Another is the fact that by starting the chapter at a dierent place, the parameters of

the text are then changed and so a dierent hermeneutic may be produced. In this paper, we shall survey these alternate chapter divisions and see how they correspond with adjacent Masoretic paragraph divisions. HebStud 44 (2003) 119128

6 Francisco Javier del Barco del Barco, Catlogo de manuscritos hebreos de la comunidad de Madrid. Vol. 1This is the rst volume of an inventory of Hebrew manuscripts housed in the libraries of the Escorial, the Complutensian University, and the Royal Palace. The present instalment lists biblical manuscripts (including targums), biblical commentaries, and treatises on Hebrew grammar. The oldest complete OT manuscript listed here dates from 1280. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones cientcas, Istituto de Filologa, Madrid (2003) 1271, with Compact Disk (BL)

7 Natalio Fernndez Marcos, The Hebrew and Greek Texts of JudgesThe recent publication of some Qumran fragments of Judges, particularly 4QJudga, has led the editor and other scholars to suppose that the book of Judges, like Samuel or Jeremiah, has been also transmitted in two literary dierent strata or editions. The author submits to a close scrutiny the Hebrew and Greek texts of Judges and concludes that it is not proven that 4QJudga represents an ancient piece of pre-Deuteronomistic redaction; that the hypothesis of a shorter text for Judges based on 4QJudga is not shared by any other extant witness; that the Old Greek of Judges is not a typologically shorter text as compared with the Masoretic one; and, consequently, that he does not nd sucient textual evidence to postulate two editions or literary dierent strata for the book of Judges. SBL Septuagint and Cognate Studies 52; Adrian Schenker (ed.), The Earliest Text of the Hebrew Bible; Brill, Leiden (2003) 116

8 Siegfried Kreuzer, Von der Vielfalt zur Einheitlichkeit Wie kam es zur Vorherrschaft des masoretischen Textes?Whrend in der frhjdischen Zeit zunchst eine Vielfalt der hebrischen Textformen des Alten Testaments bestand, ist ab dem 1. Jh. v. Chr. klar die Dominanz des (proto)masoretischen Textes zu erkennen. Seine Vorherrschaft entstand in Folge der Ereignisse der Makkaberzeit und durch das hasmonische Knigtum und Hohepriestertum. Der Hinweis auf die zeitgeschichtlichen Ereignisse wurde zumindest in Form einer genderten Chronologie in den masoretischen Text eingetragen. Die dominante Stellung dieses Textes und die Unterschiede im Textbestand fhrten zu Kritik an der LXX, was durch das Faktum und die Art der Verteidigung der LXX im (Pseudo)aristeasbrief um etwa 120 v. Chr. besttigt ist. OBO 196; Andreas Vonach u.a. (Hgg.), Horizonte biblischer Texte; Academic Press, Fribourg (2003) 117129

9 Emilia Fernndez Tejero, El espritu burln de los masoretasIn this article the author tries to arouse the interest in Masoretic studies of scholars devoted to biblical textual criticism or related elds of research. She intends to minimize the dicult and boring character usually attributed to the studies on Masorah, showing that the Masoretes, besides being magnicent Hebrew Biblical scholars, used humorous devices to hand down some of their textual informations. Sef. 63/1 (2003) 3342

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10 Rafael Isaac Zer, r e" 'atth k "ani "ani h". See Then, That I, I am He (Deut. 32:39) (Hebr., Engl. summary)In the Babylonian Masorah, a discriminative dagesh appears above the rst ani in the verse: See, then, that I [ani ], I am he; there is no god beside me (Deut. 32:39). Our proposal is based on an additional irregular phenomenon in the Babylonian Masorah on this verse: the division of the verse into two verses the rst: See, then, that I, I am he; there is no god beside me; and the second: I deal death and give life; I wounded and I will heal; none can deliver from My hand. The combination of the Babylonian discriminative dagesh with the bifurcated division of the verse in the Babylonian tradition, leads us to argue that the rst part was spoken by Moses to the Israelites, with the according nonsacred marking of the ani by this dagesh, while the second is the utterance by the Lord to the people, in which the Lord reinforces the statement by Moses in the rst part. Beit Mikra 173 (2003) 137143

11 Oliver Munnich, Texte massortique et Septante dans le livre de DanielSans apporter de rponse, la critique textuelle (Pap. 967, manuscrits hbro-aramens de Qumrn) permet de renouveler ltude littraire du livre de Daniel. Dans le cas des chapitres 4 et 5, la formulation de la Septante semble plus ancienne que celle du texte massortique. Les initiatives de ce dernier visent centrer le rcit autour de la gure de Daniel et harmoniser la narration sur celle du chapitre 2. SBL Septuagint and Cognate Studies 52; Adrian Schenker (ed.), The Earliest Text of the Hebrew Bible; Brill, Leiden (2003) 93120

12 Yair Zakovitch, Implied Synonyms and Antonyms: Textual Criticism vs. the Literary ApproachIt is well known that in biblical parallelism, the words in the second hemistich present either the synonym or the antonym to the rst hemistich. Yet in many cases we nd instead of the anticipated synonym or antonym appears a dierent word similar to the expected one either phonetically or graphically. The predominant tendency amongst philologists has been to emend the text in order to restore the lost parallelism, with support for the restoration found, in many instances, in textual witnesses. In this article, the author, who represents the literary approach, claims that the hands of the textual critics are too quick on the trigger. Ten examples of this phenomenon are given. VT.S 94; Shalom M. Paul et al. (eds.), Emanuel; Brill, Leiden (2003) 833849

13 Esther M. Menn, Thwarted Metaphors: Complicating the Language of Desire in the Targum of the Song of SongsContrary to what might be expected, the allegorical interpretation of the Song of Songs set forth in the Targum of the Song of Songs does not consistently portray God and Israel as male lover and female beloved. Instead, the Targum presents a multiplicity of additional metaphors suggesting the intimacy between divine and human counterparts throughout their history together, including the aective relationships between male friends and scholarly colleagues, siblings, infant and nurse, father and son, gardener and plants, and farmer and animals. Ambivalence towards sexual love and marriage as appropriate theological metaphors, sensitivity to the rich symbolic language of the Song of Songs and other scriptural passages, and celebration of the primacy of Torah study with male colleagues in rabbinic culture all contribute to this diversication of

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imagery, which builds on the emotive intensity of the Song of Songs even as it complicates the language of desire. JSJ 34/3 (2003) 237273

Greek (OT) 14 Evangelia G. Dafni, Theologie der Sprache der SeptuagintaDer heftig umstrittene Gedanke von einer Theologie der Septuaginta ist in seinen Umrissen noch nicht schriftlich xiert. In meinem Beitrag wird der Versuch unternommen, diesen Gedanken a) in seiner Entwicklung seit der zweiten Hlfte des 19. Jh. mglichst zusammenfassend darzustellen, b) ihn in die Auseinandersetzung der Philosophie mit der Theologie der Sprache des Alten Testaments einzubringen und c) auf die Notwendigkeit hinzuweisen, die hier aufgestellte Theorie an ausgewhlten Beispielen zu erproben. (327f.) ThZ 58/4 (2002) 315328

15 Kristin de Troyer, Rewriting the Sacred Text: What the Old Greek Text Tells Us about the Literary Growth of the BibleMeant as an introduction for students (and for specialists with little familiarity of the subject), de Troyer explains the meaning of Septuagint studies. In the case of Esther, it can be shown that the Greek text represents a rewriting of the Hebrew text. Conversely, the Old Greek text of Joshua reects a pre-masoretic stage of its Hebrew Vorlage; in this case, it is the traditional Hebrew text that represents a rewritten sacred text. An important study. Text-Critical Studies 4; Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta, Ga. (2003) IX/1145 (BL)

16 R. Timothy McLay, The Use of the Septuagint in New Testament ResearchMcLay seeks to rehabilitate the Septuagint as one of the most important textual resources relevant to NT studies. In this vein, he oers a complete manual on the Septuagint for NT scholars with many examples and methodological guidelines. Key passages analyzed as examples include 1 Cor 2:16; Hebr 1:6; Acts 15:1618. W.B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Mich. (2003) XIV/1207 (BL)

17 Adrian Schenker (ed.), The Earliest Text of the Hebrew Bible: The Relationship between the Masoretic Text and the Hebrew Base of the Septuagint ConsideredThe following biblical texts are studied: Judges (Hebrew and Greek), 1 Kgs 20 (par. 3 Kingdoms 21 LXX), Jer 39 and 52 (Vetus latina), Ezekiel (MT, LXX), Daniel (MT, LXX). In a more general, wide-ranging paper, E. Tov argues that the Septuagint is the single most important source preserving redactionally dierent material relevant to the literary analysis of the Bible. Septuagint and Cognate Studies 52; Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta, Ga. (2003) XI/1153 (BL)

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18 Emanuel Tov, The Nature of the Large-Scale Dierences between the LXX and MT S T V, Compared with Similar Evidence in Other SourcesThe presence of special elements in the LXX which may date to early periods in the history of the biblical books has always intrigued scholars. This study rst presents a brief survey of the evidence relating to the contribution of textual to literary criticism in the canonical books. In this survey an open approach is advocated in the discussion of the large-scale dierences between Masoretic Text, Syriac Bible, Targum, Vulgate (MT S T V) and the LXX, involving both Greek segments which presumably preceded the literary stage included in MT and those which were created subsequently. A substantive number of such dierences preceded the MT edition. SBL Septuagint and Cognate Studies 52; Adrian Schenker (ed.), The Earliest Text of the Hebrew Bible; Brill, Leiden (2003) 121144

19 Matha Lynn Wade, Consistency of Translation Techniques in the Tabernacle Accounts of Exodus in the Old GreekThe author concludes that Exod 2531 (the instruction to build the tabernacle) was translated rst, and then a second translator used this version to translate the construction account of Exod 3540. Septuagint and Cognate Studies 49; Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta, Ga. (2003) XIII/1280 (BL)

20 Adrian Schenker, lteste Textgeschichte der Kningsbcher. Die hebrische Vorlage der ursprnglichen Septuaginta als lteste Textform der KnigsbcherIn this admirable study, Schenker suggests that what became the masoretic text of 1/2 Kings represents the revised edition of an earlier version that can be reconstructed because it was used by the Septuagint. The earlier (now lost) Hebrew text was less coherent than the revised form, and Schenker seeks to detect the agenda of the second-century BCE editor. For the sake of illustration: As can be seen in the LXX, the kingdom of Judah was as prone to idolatry as the kingdom of Israel; according to the Masoretic text, however, idolatry was introduced into Judah only by King Manasseh. OBO 199; Academic Press Fribourg, Fribourg (2004) XXI/1197 (BL)

21 Adrian Schenker, Junge Garden oder akrobatische Tnzer? Das Verhltnis zwischen 1 Kn 20 MT und 3 Regn 21 LXXThe original LXX here is represented by Vaticanus (LXXB). In this narrative form, the protagonists of the liberation of Samaria are not the young warriors of the commanders of the provinces and the 7000 Israelites as in MT and the majority of the LXX witnesses, but a group of young dancers and of only sixty men of valour. This is a literary dierence between the two narratives. The paper tries to show that the form of LXXB gives an original account of the story and seems to have been literarily reedited in a new revised form, now existing in MT, in order to avoid the mention of dancing men. An analogous elimination of dancing men may be observed in MT 1 Sam 6; 1 Kgs 1:40 in comparison with LXX because there are also reasons to consider MT to be a new revised literary edition of an earlier hebrew text form which served as Vorlage for the LXX translators. SBL Septuagint and Cognate Studies 52; Adrian Schenker (ed.), The Earliest Text of the Hebrew Bible; Brill, Leiden (2003) 1734

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22 Franz Winter, Sprachliche Beobachtungen zur Septuagintafassung von 2Kn (= 4Kn). Das Griechisch der LXX und sein Verhltnis zum hellenistischen GriechischThis article deals with the character of the Greek of the LXX with special regard to 2Ki (= 4KiLXX), whose German translation (with commentary) the author is preparing for the project Die Griechische Bibel. Deutsch (cf. http://www.uni-koblenz.de/ ~sept/index2.html). Two subjects are presented: 1. The use of de instead of kai for Hebrew waw in translating wato"mzer in 2Ki 4,2.13.16.23.26.28; 5,3 and the possible reasons for this change. 2. The importance of the greek documentary papyri of Egypt for the interpretation of the LXX illustrated on examples taken from 2Ki. PzB 12/2 (2003) 6989

23 Florian Wilk, Vision wider Juda und wider Jerusalem ( Jes 1 LXX). Zur Eigenart der Septuaginta-Version des JesajabuchesUm die bersetzungstechnik der Septuaginta-Version von Jesaja 1 zu erfassen werden in diesem Beitrag Masoretentext, Septuaginta-Version und deren deutsche bersetzung synoptisch dargeboten. Dabei sind in der bersetzung berschsse der Septuaginta, Varianten zum MT und Lcken markiert. Die Analyse der einzelnen Abweichungen kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass der bersetzer die Prophetenworte auf seine eigene geschichtliche Situation bezieht und ihnen vor diesem Hintergrund einen neuen Sinn gibt. WUNT 162; Wolfgang Kraus et al. (eds.), Frhjudentum und Neues Testament im Horizont Biblischer Theologie; Mohr Siebeck, Tbingen (2003) 1535 (SP)

24 Johan Lust, Major Divergences between LXX and MT in EzekielIn a study of the longer minuses in LXX-Ezekiel the present paper seeks to demonstrate that the shorter text of LXX, as preserved in p967, oers a good example of a witness to an earlier Hebrew text with its own theological accents, diering from those in MT. These major minuses are to be found in 12:2628, 32:2526, 36:23b38. They all display a similar eschatological concern. An analysis of the minuses and transpositions in LXXEz 7:111, a section belonging to the still missing part of p967, conrms this. SBL Septuagint and Cognate Studies 52; Adrian Schenker (ed.), The Earliest Text of the Hebrew Bible; Brill, Leiden (2003) 8392

25 Hermann-Josef Stipp, Bemerkungen zum griechischen Michabuch aus Anlass des deutschen LXX-bersetzungsprojektsIn the last few years several committees entrusted with the translation of the Septuagint into modern languages were founded. With the aim of providing a model analysis, H. Utzschneider recently published a paper on theoretical matters regarding translations of the Septuagint, based on his own German rendition of the Greek Book of Micah. The present article deals with Utzschneiders contribution: the textual base; the style appropriate to modern translations of the Septuagint; the Septuagints Vorlage; theological concepts of the Septuagint translators inuencing their work. JNWSL 29/2 (2003) 103132

26 Hermann von Lips, Beobachtungen zur griechischen bersetzung des Proverbia-BuchesIn diesem als Werkstattbericht abgefassten Beitrag werden wesentliche Aspekte der Relation zwischen griechischem und hebrischem Text des Sprchebuches dargestellt.

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Die Beobachtungen richten sich auf den ueren Umfang des Buches sowie auf sprachliche und inhaltliche Aspekte. Weiterhin werden Anhaltspunkte fr eine geistesgeschichtliche Verortung der bersetzung geboten. WUNT 162; Wolfgang Kraus et al. (eds.), Frhjudentum und Neues Testament im Horizont Biblischer Theologie; Mohr Siebeck, Tbingen (2003) 3649 (SP)

27 Dieter Bhler, On the Relationship between Textual and Literary Criticism. The Two Recensions of the Book of Ezra: Ezra-Neh (MT) and 1 Esdras (LXX)Like Proverbs, Jeremiah and Daniel, the book of Ezra has been transmitted in two recensions: Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible and 1 Esdras in the Greek Bible. Each version has its own distinct literary shape. Both editions overlap in the account of Zerubbabels temple building and Ezras mission. In addition to this common material both versions contain Sondergut: 1 Esdras starts with the last two chapters of Chronicles (Ezra MT only with the last verses) and includes the so-called guardsmen story, a Zerubbabel legend not found in Ezra-Nehemiah. On the other hand Ezra-Nehemiah contains the account of Nehemiahs city building lacking in 1 Esdras. The article shows that this last dierence in literary shape is connected with a whole series of small textual dierences between the overlapping material of two versions which therefore betray themselves as being part of an intentional recension rather than scribal errors. SBL Septuagint and Cognate Studies 52; Adrian Schenker (ed.), The Earliest Text of the Hebrew Bible; Brill, Leiden (2003) 3550

28 Folker Siegert, Anthropologisches aus der SeptuagintaSiegert fhrt in einem Streifzug durch die Septuaginta vor, wie sich bei der bertragung der hebrischen Bibel ins Griechische die Perspektive auf die menschliche Natur verschiebt: Emotionen werden abgeschwcht, Sexualitt zurckgedrngt, Gottesbotinnen vermnnlicht, whrend andererseits die Begriichkeit des psychischen Bereichs subtile Dierenzierungen erfhrt. Ulrike Mittmann-Richert et al. (eds.), Der Mensch vor Gott; Neukirchener, Neukirchen-Vluyn (2003) 6574

Greek (NT) 29 Thomas J. Kraus, Pergament oder Papyrus? Anmerkungen zur Signikanz des Beschreibungsstoes bei der Behandlung von ManuskriptenSo angemessen und richtig der explizite Hinweis auf das Material eines Textzeugen in der Liste der neutestamentlichen Handschriften auch ist: fr sich allein genommen sagt die Hervorhebung des Materials wenig bis nichts aus. Vielmehr wre eine ausfhrliche Wiedergabe palographischer Daten sinnvoll, damit sich der beabsichtigte Adressatenkreis selbst ein Bild machen kann. NTS 49/3 (2003) 425432 (SP)

30 Paul Metzger, Zeitspiegel: Neutestamentliche Handschriften als Zeugnisse der KirchengeschichteThe essay doesnt want to examine the text of New Testament manuscripts to nd out the original text of a work. Instead it reads the dierent textual traditions to be found in New Testament manuscripts as witnesses of their own time. It discusses the question of whether Lukan theology shows a hope for Israel and whether the persons, who transmitted the text, suppressed this idea to depict their own reality. The article

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shows that the textual traditions of dierent manuscripts can be seen as a mirror into the history of the times of their origin. BZNW 120; Tobias Nicklas et al. (eds.), The Book of Acts as Church History; Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (2003) 241261

31 Ulrich Schmid, Die Buchwerdung des Neuen Testaments. ber den Zusammenhang von Textgeschichte und KanonsgeschichteDas Fazit dieses Beitrags: Erst der Einsatz des Kodex zur berlieferung neutestamentlicher Schriften ermglicht die stabile und einheitliche berlieferung der festen Sammlungseinheiten (Evangelien, Paulusbriefe, Apostolos-Sammlung) und damit die Begrndung einer Tradition, deren Resultat dann das Neue Testament mit seinen 27 Einzelschriften darstellt. Die Entstehung und Ausbreitung des Neuen Testaments lassen sich darum ganz elementar als ein Produkt der Buchwerdung des Neuen Testaments auassen. WuD 27 (2003) 217232

32 Kent D. Clarke, Textual Certainty in the United Bible Societies Greek New TestamentClearly there is a lack of continuity and consistency between the UBSGNT4 and all earlier UBSGNT editions in regard to the ascription of variant letter-ratings. Granting that there has been a redenition of the relative degrees of certainty for A, B, C, and D letter-ratings, it would seem as though the UBSGNT committees reliance upon and submission of this stated justication falls short or adequately explaining the extensive upgrades to the evaluation of evidence letter-ratings (132). NT 44/2 (2002) 105133

33 J.M. Ross, Further Unnoticed Points in the Text of the New TestamentDieser Beitrag enthlt textkritische Erwgungen des 1997 verstorbenen Neutestamentlers J.M. Ross zu Mt 4,24; Mk 4,40; 8,21.38; 11,26; 14,45; Lk 14,5; 19,37; Joh 2,3; 6,11; 10,7; 20,25; Apg 3,21; 18,26; Rm 8,28; Kol 3,13; Hebr 11,23; 1 Petr 4,14 und Ob 22,14. NT 45/3 (2003) 209221 (SP)

34 Reidar Aasgaard, Brothers in Brackets? A Plea for Rethinking the Use of [ ] in NA/UBSIn their common main text, the last three editions of the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece (NA) and the United Bible Societies Greek New Testament (UBS) follow the longestablished tradition of putting material of problematic authenticity within square brackets. Although there has over time taken place a development in these two publications towards a more positive assessment of the bracketed material, this has so far had no consequences with regard to their actual practice of bracketing. This article makes a sample inquiry into the authentic Pauline letters, viz. of some bracketed instances of address in the imperative (adelphoi). On the basis of external and internal criteria, and of the general tendency in important early manuscripts to omit certain types of material, it is argued that there are good reasons for reassessing the attitude and practice of bracketing in NA/UBS, preferably in order to reduce the amount of material in brackets. JSNT 26/3 (2004) 301321

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35 Eldon Jay Epp, The Oxyrhynchus New Testament Papyri: Not Without Honor Except in Their Hometown?59 Papyrusfragmente mit Texten aus dem kanonischen NT wurden im mittelgyptischen Oxyrhynchus gefunden. Davon sind 41 um die Wende vom 3. Zum 4. Jh. zu datieren. Der Verfasser versucht, mit Hilfe sonstiger Papyrusfunde die religis-kulturelle und soziale Lebenswelt der Christen jener Zeit und Region zu erhellen. Die lasen etwa neben dem NT und der LXX noch verschiedene apokryphe jdische und christliche Schriften, was aus einem kurzen Privatbrief ersichtlich wird, den der Verfasser zitiert: To my dearest lady sister, greetings in the Lord. Lend the Ezra, since I lent you the little Genesis. Farewell in God from us. Zwei lesekundige Frauen, wohl Christinnen, leihen sich gegenseitig Bcher aus, in diesem Fall vermutlich das 4. (bzw. 2.) Buch Esra und das Jubilenbuch (kleine Genesis), d.h. also jdische apokalyptische Texte. Darber hinaus erschliet der Verfasser weitere interessante Zeugnisse ber religises und soziales Verhalten. An ihrem Ursprungsort einst zum Abfall geworfen, kommt die Literatur dieser frhen Christen durch die Forschung jetzt weltweit zu Ehren: darauf spielt der etwas kryptische Titel des Aufsatzes an. JBL 123/1 (2004) 555 (RM)

36 Barbara Aland, The Signicance of the Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri in Early Church HistoryPapyri 45 (gospels, Acts), 46 (oldest Pauline codex), and 47 (book of Revelation) reect a NT text that was used in the third century CE in Egypt. They also show that the canon was essentially closed. Two more papers in the same volume discuss singular readings of P 45 ( J.K. Elliott, 122131), the textual history of Mark in the light of P 45 (L.W. Hurtado, 132148), and the story of the papyris acquisition in 1930 (Ch. Horton, 149160). JSNT.S 258; Charles Horton (ed.), The Earliest Gospels; T & T Clark/Continuum, London (2004) 108121 (BL)

37 L.W. Hurtado, P 52 (P. Rylands GK. 457) and the Nomina Sacra: Method and ProbabilityThis article responds to the recent proposal (by Chris Tuckett) that space considerations suggest that P 52, our earliest NT manuscript, would have written out the name of Jesus in full. This would have implications for the study of the nomina sacra, abbreviations used for divine names (and some other terms) in all our other NT manuscripts. The main emphasis of this article is the importance of taking account of all scribal features of manuscripts in attempting to establish probabilities for lacunae. Careful attention to method and to all the scribal features of P 52 suggests that the use of an abbreviated form of the name Jesus is more probable than not, and that P 52 is not an early exception to the rule that all NT manuscripts use nomina sacra. TynB 54/1 (2003) 114

38 Jean-Franois Racine, The Text of Matthew in the Writings of Basil of CaesareaThe Greek text of Matthew, as used by Basil in the fourth-century, is an early form of what came to be the Byzantine type of text. Basil used manuscripts that belong to family 1, and this family may be characterized as a secondary Alexandrian witness. New Testament in the Greek Fathers 5; Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta, Ga. (2004) XVI/1424

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39 Camille Focant, La canonicit de la nale longue (Mc 16,920) vers la reconaissance dun double texte canonique?Der kanonische Text des Markusevangeliums sollte als ein Text mit doppeltem Schluss verstanden werden. So knnte sowohl der antiken Texttradition, die den langen Schluss (Mk 16,920) berlieferte, als auch gegenwrtigen Erkenntnissen, die die Authentizitt des kurzen Schlusses (Mk 16,18) belegen, Anerkennung gezollt werden. BEThL 163; Jean-Marie Auwers et al. (eds.), The Biblical Canons; Leuven University Press, Leuven (2003) 587597 (SP)

40 Christopher Tuckett, How early is the Western Text of Acts?In an important recent essay, Barbara Aland has argued that the Western text of Acts goes back to a Hauptredaktion which took place no earlier than the early third century. The thesis is analysed in this essay. The suggestion is made here that the evidence for such a theory in the manuscript tradition itself is rather weak and comes from MSS which are much later than the critical period in question. Further, a consideration of the evidence of Irenaeus suggests, pace Aland, that Irenaeus frequently presupposes Western readings of the text. Further, if the Western text is the result of a conscious redaction of the text, and if attempts to delineate the characteristic features of this redaction by Epp and others are correct, then the evidence of Irenaeus would suggest that this redaction predates Irenaeus himself. BZNW 120; Tobias Nicklas et al. (eds.), The Book of Acts as Church History; Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (2003) 6986

41 Stanley E. Porter, Developments in the Text of Acts before the Major CodicesThe text of Acts is particularly problematic because of the clear evidence for two distinctive textual traditions, the Alexandrian and the Western. This paper examines the seven papyrus and two parchment manuscripts that pre-date the three major codices of Acts, Sinaiticus, Vaticanus and Bezae, as a basis for understanding these two textual traditions. An examination of the variants between the papyri and parchments and the major codices is used as the basis for revising descriptions of the character of the individual early manuscripts, and for revising estimates of the history and development of the Western textual tradition. BZNW 120; Tobias Nicklas et al. (eds.), The Book of Acts as Church History; Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (2003) 3167

42 J. Keith Elliott, An Eclectic Textual Study of the Book of ActsThe article demonstrates by means of a number of examples how a thorough-going application of text-critical decisions based on the authors distinctive language, style and usage can solve many of the textual variants in Acts. Suggestions are made how to create a critical edition of this book. Results based on a sample of these criteria show that no one manuscript or group of manuscripts contains the original text consistently. BZNW 120; Tobias Nicklas et al. (eds.), The Book of Acts as Church History; Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (2003) 930

43 Marco Frenschkowski, Der Text der Apostelgeschichte und die Realien antiker BuchproduktionThe main characteristic of the so-called Western text of Acts as compared to the Egyptian, or B-text, is its greater length. The emphasis of the Western text can be shown to be not on minor theological shifts, but on the very fact of clarifying and particularly of extending the length of Acts. Taking into account the technical neces-

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sities of ancient book production, this observation nicely substantiates with the practice of adapting book length to pre-manufactured papyri of standardized length or onelayer codices. The Western redaction by abridging Lk and lengthening Acts makes the original two-volume work more easily and cheaply reproducable for the emerging Christian book trade. Lk himself be shown to have considered questions of book length when writing his gospel, and 2Cor may have been the result of a secondary combination of smaller letters to produce a book almost as long as 1Cor, and therefore become part of a two-volume edition of the Pauline letters to the Corinthians. BZNW 120; Tobias Nicklas et al. (eds.), The Book of Acts as Church History; Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (2003) 87107

44 J. Edward Miller, Some Observations on the Text-Critical Function of the Umlauts in Vaticanus, with Special Attention to 1 Corinthians 14.3435Over 750 original umlaut sigla appear in the margins of Codex Vaticanus (New Testament), as well as hundreds of bars and textual gaps. Theories have surfaced regarding the intended purpose of these fourth-century notations, principally the false identication of a so-called bar-umlaut. This article seeks to demonstrate (1) the absence of any signicant relationship between Vaticanuss bar and umlaut, (2) the sectioning function of the paragraphus and gap, (3) the text-critical function of the umlaut appearing with or without the paragraphus (accompanied by several examples), and (4) the authenticity of 1 Cor. 14.3435, defended against a false understanding of the umlauts function. JSNT 26/2 (2003) 217236

Coptic Syriac Latin Arabic 45 Titus Nagel, Das Unbekannte Berliner Evangelium (UBE) und das JohannesevangeliumDer im Berliner gyptischen Museum unter der Inventarnummer 22220 verzeichnete koptische Pergamentkodex enthlt Teile von Gesprchen Jesu mit den Jngern sowie Bruchstcke visionrer Erlebnisse. Datiert wird dieser Fund auf die zweite Hlfte des 2. Jht. n. Chr. Eine Analyse von UBE 4,212 und 12,313,18 zeigt deren literarische Abhngigkeit von Joh. Fragt man nach einer theologischen Perspektive, unter der die Rezeption des Joh im UBE erfolgte, so fllt vor allem die Nhe zur johanneischen Christologie auf. Eine weitere Rezeptionsperspektive betrit mglicherweise die Eschatologie. Jesus wird als Kommender angesprochen. Auch ist das Motiv des Lanzenstiches als Zeichen fr das Wiedererkennen des Gekreuzigten bei der Parusie gut belegt. ZNW 93/34 (2002) 251267 (MH)

46 M.-. Boismard, tude sur le papyrus copte de lvangile de Matthieu provenant de la collection SchyenHans Martin Schenke has recently published the very important surviving fragments of a Coptic papyrus containing the gospel of Matthew with many variants from the classic text. The question which the present article seeks to answer is how far these variants are supported by other witnesses of the gospel of Matthew. The answer is strongly armative, conrming the hypothese of the editor of the text that the Coptic translation was using a text of Matthew dierent from that provided by the body of Greek manuscripts currently available. RB 110/3 (2003) 387398

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47 Alain-Georges Martin, Bref aperu sur la Bible SyriaqueDas Alter der syrischen Bibel, die zu den ersten bersetzungen berhaupt zhlt, macht sie zu einem wichtigen Textzeugen. Doch in der Textkritik ist sie bisher stark vernachlssigt worden. Man hat syrische Lesarten allzu oft als Ergnzungen oder Varianten zum griechischen Text betrachtet. Doch sie haben innerhalb des syrischen Kontextes eine ganz eigene Logik und sollten daher auch innerhalb dieses Kontextes untersucht werden. Hokhma 83 (2003) 4964 (NvM)

48 Michael Tilly, Juden, Christen und Heiden im Actatext der PeschittoThe examination of the textual tradition of Acts in the Syriac Peschitto (Syp) and its comparison to the predominant Greek standard text allows claims to be made regarding the features of the language and contents of this ancient version. From these assertions, conclusions can be advanced about its transmitters and their adressees. The Syriac text of Acts hands down a series of concepts, motives, and ideas derived from Jewish traditions. However, it is not possible to speak of direct traditio-historical connections between the translators of Syp and the Christians, who are represented by this Syriac textual tradition on the one hand and their contemporary Jewish Torah-scholars on the other. BZNW 120; Tobias Nicklas et al. (eds.), The Book of Acts as Church History; Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (2003) 321343

49 Matthew Kraus, Hebraisms in the Old Latin Version of the BibleRecent work on the Old Latin version of the Bible attributes Hebraisms to a hebraized Greek Vorlage. The results of this work question previous claims that the Hebraisms of the Old Latin derive from Jewish attempts to revise the Old Latin towards the Hebrew directly through Hebrew texts and Jewish exegetical traditions. This study reconsiders the evidence in favor of Hebraizations of the Old Latin from a Hebrew source and concludes that: 1. There was no translation of the Bible directly from the Hebrew into Latin prior to Jerome. 2. There was no editorial reworking of the Old Latin directly from the Hebrew. 3. Hebraisms in the Old Latin must be attributed to the Greek tradition or Jerome and his inuence. 4. Since Jeromes time, interest in the Hebrew text behind the Latin also accounts for the Hebraisms found in the Old Latin. 5. Jewish communities utilized a Latin Bible borrowed from Christians after Jerome. VT 53/4 (2003) 487513

50 Natalio Fernndez Marcos et al., Pagnino, Servet y Arias Montano: Avatares de una traduccin Latina de la Biblia HebreaAs can be seen from the Latin Bible edited by Santi Pagnini (Lyon, 1542), the marginal notes made by Michel Servet (in part erased by the Inquisition), and the corrections that Arias Montano introduced into Pagninis latin Bible for the Antwerp polyglot edition, the sixteenth-century humanists no longer relied on the Vulgate. They wanted a philologicaly reliable rendering of the Hebrew text. Sef. 63/2 (2003) 283329 (BL)

51 Pierre-Maurice Bogaert, La vetus latina de Jrmie: texte trs court, tmoin de la plus ancienne Septante et dune forme plus ancienne de lhbreu ( Jer 39 et 52)La vetus latina (VL) de Jrmie, l o elle est conserve, atteste la plus ancienne Septante (LXX) qui remonte elle-mme une forme trs ancienne de lhbreu. Elle propose des formes de Jer 38,239,15TM et de Jer 52 nettement plus courtes que la LXX. Telle que celle-ci nous est transmise, mme dans le Vaticanus et le Sinaiticus, elle est

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dj rvise localement sur lhbreu. Les dirences entre ce texte trs court et le texte long (TM) prsentent les mmes tendances que celles qui distinguent la LXX du TM, en particulier au chap. 27TM. La caractristique la plus visible du texte long (TM) distingu du texte court (LXX) et trs court (LXX) est son intrt pour le dpart des vases sacrs (voir aussi 2 Ch 36,7.10.18) avant leur destruction (2 Ch 36,19), et donc pour la possibilit de leur retour. Labsence de mention de lincendie du temple en 39,8TM permet leur prservation. Dautres tendances propres au texte long sont ainsi conrmes. SBL Septuagint and Cognate Studies 52; Adrian Schenker (ed.), The Earliest Text of the Hebrew Bible; Brill, Leiden (2003) 5182

52 Hans-Georg von Mutius, Die judo-arabische Pentateuchbersetzung von Saadja Gaon zu Genesis 12,6 im Rahmen der biblischen TextkritikIn der bersetzung des Saadja Gaon oenbart sich Gott Abraham nicht in Sichem, was wahrscheinlich der Konkurrenz zwischen dem Mehrheitsjudentum und den Samaritanern geschuldet ist. BN 116 (2003) 6976 (US)

Modern Translations: general English German Afrikaans French Italian Chinese 53 Peter Stockmann, Bibelausgaben und Bibelbersetzungen gem katholischem KirchenrechtNach einem kirchenrechtsgeschichtlichen berblick untersucht der Verf. kritisch aus rechtsdogmatischer Perspektive, wie das geltende Recht der katholischen Kirche die Materie der Herausgabe und bersetzung der Bibel regelt. Dabei pldiert er fr die Beibehaltung eines pluralen Bibelangebotes gegen die Vorstellung einer einzigen verbindlichen kumenischen Einheitsbibel, wenngleich die Mglichkeit und Notwendigkeit kumenischer bersetzungen unbestritten bleiben. JThF 5; Gunda Brske u.a. (Hgg.), Oleum laetitae; Aschendor Verlag, Mnster (2003) 302317 (DL)

54 Carl Gross, Acceptability The Supreme Translation Principle?Acceptability is a predominant criterion of translation within UBS circles, although it is seldom acknowledged as such. In those instances where an accurate, clear or natural rendering is deemed not to be acceptable to the receptor audience, this fourth principle comes to the fore. This paper outlines some of the reasons for this and examines some of the ethical dilemmas that it raises. The Bible Translator 54/4 (2003) 424434

55 Peter Arzt-Grabner, Grenzflle wrtlicher bersetzung neutestamentlicher TexteThough literal translations are with good reason supposed to be the most exact ones, translators have to cope with specic problems, that remain without the correct solutions: terms with dierent meanings, names, the aorist (especially the epistolary aorist), medio-passive forms of active verbs. The social level of language used for a whole book has hardly been taken into consideration for translations so far (e.g. Mk vs. Lk). PzB 12/1 (2003) 1318

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56 John Ellington, Schleiermacher was Wrong: The False Dilemma of Foreignization and DomesticationDen Ausgangspunkt dieses Artikels bildet eine Behauptung F. Schleiermachers, jegliche bersetzung wrde entweder fr den Leser unverstndlich weil zu nahe am Text bleiben oder den Originaltext verfremden, indem sie ihn in die Sprachwelt des Lesers bertrgt. Der Verf. postuliert die Mglichkeit eines Mittelweges zwischen diesen beiden als Verfremdung und Domestikation eines Textes bezeichneten Extremen. Dabei benennt er die Gefahren sowohl einer bertrieben texttreuen als auch einer zu sehr leserorientierten bersetzung und belegt beides mit zahlreichen Beispielen. Letztendlich muss sich aber jede bersetzungsarbeit an ihrem Zielpublikum orientieren und ein dementsprechen vertretbares Ma an Verfremdung bzw. Domestikation des Textes zulassen. The Bible Translator 54/3 (2003) 301317 (DL)

57 Norman A. Mundhenk, Translating the godsThere has been a lot of discussion lately about how we should translate words meaning God or the name of God. However, relatively little has been said about how to translate what we might call not-God, that is, the various ideas which are covered by the English term god, written with the small letter g. It just happens that in Hebrew, Greek, English, and many other European languages, the same word can be used whether we are talking about God or a god. In many modern languages a distinction can be made by making the rst letter a capital letter, but in the biblical languages one could only tell by the context. The Bible Translator 53/2 (2002) 218225

58 V. Voinov, Pronominal Theology in Translating the GospelsThough ancient Greek did not make a distinction between T- and V-forms of pronominal address, Bible translators working in languages that do have this linguistic resource should not reject using it in their translations. A careful examination of the linguistic, cultural, and narrative context of a given passage will help the translator to understand which social attitude is being conveyed by the participants in the text. A study of natural target-language usage will help to decide which form is appropriate in rendering this attitude. Dialogue involving Jesus in the Gospels should not be automatically rendered with the same form as is used for addressing God; rather, the natural form in the target language in the light of the social context of the dialogue should be the deciding factor for the translator considering which form to use in such passages. The Bible Translator 53/2 (2002) 210218

59 Paul Ellingworth, You Can Say You to Him. T- and V-forms in Common Language Translations of the New TestamentThe purpose of this article is to examine the use of familiar and polite forms, commonly known as T-forms and V-forms, in common language translations of the New Testament into French, Spanish, Italian and German. The Bible Translator 53/1 (2002) 143153

60 Jrgen Ebach, Gerechte Bibelbersetzung ein ProjektGrundproblem jeder bersetzung ist das Fremde in der eigenen Sprache so zum Ausdruck zu bringen, dass es dem Fremden wie dem Eigenen gerecht wird. Vorgestellt werden die in einer Projektgruppe fr die deutschen evangelischen Kirchentage erarbeiteten bersetzungskriterien fr bersetzungen von biblischen Texten, die dem Text gerecht zu werden versuchen hinsichtlich einer frauengerechten Sprache, hinsichtlich der Originalfassung, des Gesprchs mit dem Judentum und hinsichtlich einer gegen-

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wrtig verstndlichen Sprache. Ein mgliches Gerechtigkeitskonzept, das beim bersetzen eine Rolle spielen kann, setzt selbst Dynamik und Relationalitt voraus. Als Sachgerechtigkeit verstanden kann es keinen objektiven Standort einnehmen, sondern orientiert sich an biblischer Gerechtigkeit im Einsatz fr den Schwachen. Christof Hardmeier et al. (Hgg.), Freiheit und Recht, Gtersloher Verlagshaus, Gtersloh (2003), 1541 (EB)

61 Agnethe Siquans, berlegungen zu einer frauengerechten BibelbersetzungThe matter of a Bible translation, especially with regard to women, has increasingly been discussed in German-speaking countries during the last decade. The following article points out general considerations of the conditions and possibilities of such a project. Two Bible translations, which explicitly claim to use just language (concerning women), the Gute Nachricht Bibel and the lectionary Der Gottesdienst Liturgische Texte in gerechter Sprache, present dierent conceptions and various examples to be discussed. PzB 12/1 (2003) 1945

62 Darrel L. Bock, Do Gender-Sensitive Translations Distort Scripture? Not NecessarilyLet us not make an issue of orthodoxy from something that Scripture itself seems to treat with some freedom (669). JETS 45/4 (2002) 651669 (BF)

63 Hanne Khler, Bibel in gerechter SpracheDas bersetzungsprojekt wurde durch amerikanische Bibelbersetzungen in inclusive language angeregt. Unter besonderer Einbeziehung feministisch-theologischer und sozialgeschichtlicher Forschung soll die Bibelbersetzung in gerechter Sprache den vieldimensionalen biblischen Alltag sichtbar machen, indem auch frauenspezisches Vokabular sowie mehr inklusive Sprache benutzt wird, dem jdischen Lesen Respekt erwiesen und neue Wortschpfungen zugelassen werden, um dem Anliegen und auch der prinzipiellen Fremdheit des Textes mehr gerecht zu werden. BiLi 75/4 (2002) 238243 (CB)

64 Aida Besanon Spencer, The Translation Issues in the Gender Inclusive ControversyDie in diesem Heft versammelten Beitrge diskutieren ber die geschlechtsspezische Sprache moderner Bibelbersetzungen und die Probleme, die sich daraus ergeben. Journal of Religious & Theological Information 6/1 (2003) 1123 (SP)

65 Martin H. Manser (ed.), The Holy Bible with the Apocryphal/ Deuterocanonical Books. New Revised Standard VersionThis is a NRSV Bible, complete with the Apocrypha (including 3 and 4 Maccabees), and its special features are the preference of British spelling and idiom and the addition of thousands of cross-references in the margins. Like other Oxford bibles, the present edition is beautifully bound, opens well, and even the references in small print are clear and legible. The reviewer suspects that Americans, while not liking the British spelling of the present edition, will seriously consider the merits of the occasional

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rephrasing in an English that sounds clearer than the wording found in the original NRSV. A few examples will suce to make the point: burnt oerings are hyphenated (burnt-oerings, Lev 6:10 etc.), in that day is changed to on that day (Isa 2:11), and gotten is no longer used, see Ps 44:10 in the anglicized version: Our enemies have taken spoil for themselves (instead of: have gotten spoil). Oxford University Press, Oxford (2003) XXII/1933; 1277; 1281 (BL)

66 Allan Chapple, The English Standard Version: A Review ArticleChapple kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die English Standard Version of the Bible ihren eigenen, im Vorwort formulierten Ansprchen der fullest accuracy and clarity nicht gerecht wird. RTR 62/2 (2003) 6196 (SP)

67 Ilona N. Rashkow, Art as Text Text as Art: Apparatus as a Translation ToolThis article examines some of the apparatus surrounding the Tyndale, Coverdale, Geneva, and Rheims-Douay Bibles as a critical aspect of English Renaissance translation theory and practice. SBL.SPS 41 (2002) 182189

68 Leonard J. Greenspoon, How the Bible Became the Kynges Owne EnglishEin berblick zur Geschichte der englischen Bibelbersetzung vom siebten Jahrhundert bis in die Reformationszeit leitet bis zum Jahr 1604, in dem King James I. eine neue Bibelbersetzung in Auftrag gibt. Sowohl die gegenber frheren bersetzungen neuen Elemente als auch die gegenber spteren und heutigen bersetzungen stilvolleren und poetischeren Passagen werden in Vergleichen hervorgehoben. BiRe 19/6 (2003) 1421.5254 (CB)

69 Christoph Dohmen, Treue zum Text. Jdische BibelbersetzungenDohmen stellt vier wichtige und auch heute im Buchhandel erhltliche Bibelausgaben jdischer bersetzer vor: Moses Mendelssohns (17291786), Leopold Zunz (17941886), Naphtali Herz Tur-Sinais (18861973) und die Ausgabe von Martin Buber (18781965) und Franz Rosenzweig (18861929). BiLi 75/4 (2002) 269273 (CB)

70 Naftali Herz Tur-Sinai, Die Heilige SchriftDie Bibelbersetzung von Tur-Sinai (Harry Torczyner) entstand zwischen 1919 und 1933 in Berlin und darf als Monument der Wissenschaft des Judentums gelten. Der bersetzer, ein vorzglicher Hebraist seiner Zeit, strebt eine wrtliche Wiedergabe an, die ihm auch durchweg gelungen ist. Bedauern wird man, dass Tur-Sinai nur zu einigen wenigen Bchern textliche Anmerkungen gibt, besonders ausfhrlich zu Hiob. Als der bersetzer 1973 in Jerusalem starb, hatte sich die Welt stark verndert: Die Wissenschaft des Judentums war untergegangen, und leider auch die deutsche Sprache als lebendiges Medium jdischer Kommunikation. Seine bersetzung jedoch hat die Zeit berdauert und wird immer wieder eifrige Benutzer anziehen, nicht zuletzt durch den vorliegenden verdienstvollen Nachdruck. Hnssler Verlag, Neuhausen (1997) 11436 (BL)

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71 Markus hler, Entwicklung und heutige Stellung der Lutherbibel in den evangelischen KirchenThe paper discusses the origin of the Lutherbibel and Martin Luthers principles for his translation of the Bible. The second part of the article is devoted to the revision of the Lutherbibel from 1984, the form which is used today in German speaking Protestantism. The history of this revision and its stylistic characteristics are the major themes in this part. On the whole the article tries to show why Martin Luthers translation of the Bible has such an important position in current Protestantism. PzB 12/2 (2003) 91104

72 Matthias Millard, Die Lutherbibel(n)M. resmiert, dass die Lutherbibel in der aktuellen Fassung (1984) fr protestantische Christen die wichtigste und ausgewogenste Bibelbersetzung darstellt. Dies begrndet er mit der Treue der bersetzung zum Bibeltext, der dichterischen Qualitt und der Einheit der Bibel als Gegenstand der bersetzung. Weiterhin bietet M. einen berblick ber die Geschichte der Lutherbibel und die jngere Revisionsarbeit. BiLi 75/4 (2002) 223231 (CB)

73 Die Bibel. Elberfelder bersetzungThe Elberfeld Bible was originally (in 1871) meant to be an alternative to Luthers German version, and it turned out to be a very literal rendering. The present printing gives the text of the 1992 revision, and German readers are encouraged to consult it for its literalness. The present edition includes two major helps, placed at the end (with separate pagination): a concordance (in small print) and a dictionary of biblical persons. The latter item is very helpful for the reader, though at times the essentially conservative nature is all too visible. Thus it is said not to be impossible that at Josiahs time all of the ve books of the Pentateuch were found in the temple of Jerusalem (and not just part of Deuteronomy). It is also argued that there is no reason to doubt that Moses was a historical gure. But these critical remarks should not obscure the fact that the Elberfeld Bible remains an important and commendable German version of both testaments. R. Brockhaus Verlag, Wuppertal (2003) VIII/11131 (Altes Testament).1357 (Neues Testament).1443 (Konkordanz).1381 (Personen) (BL)

74 Genfer Bibelgesellschaft (Hg.), Die Bibel. bersetzt von Franz Eugen SchlachterIn den ersten Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts schuf der elsssische Prediger Schlachter eine am Prinzip der Verstndlichkeit und Wrtlichkeit orientierte Bibelbersetzung, die sich ssiger las als die damals gngigen Ausgaben der Lutherbersetzung und der Zrcher Bibel. Schlachters Text wurde 1951 leicht revidiert und jetzt einer eingehenden sprachlichen Durchsicht unterzogen. Im Jahre 1999 erschien das NT, jetzt die ganze Bibel (ohne Apokryphen). Sie darf als zuverlssig gelten und lsst sich als Alternative zur Lutherbibel verwenden. Die Beigaben lassen eine konservative Auslegungstradition erkennen. Interessant ist der Umstand, dass die Genfer Bibelgesellschaft unterdessen eine weitere deutsche bersetzung erstellen lsst, die Neue Genfer bersetzung (NG), die einen weiteren Schritt auf den heutigen Leser zugeht als die Schlachter-Bibel. Kehrt um! Denn das Himmelreich ist nahe (Mt 3,2) lesen wir in der NG; bei Schlachter heit es: Tut Bue, denn das Reich der Himmel ist nahe herbeigekommen. (Erhltlich bei: Christliche Literatur-Verbreitung, Postf. 110135, D33661 Bielefeld) Genfer Bibelgesellschaft, Genf (2003) XVI/11322, Anhang 196, Karten (BL)

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75 Genfer Bibelgesellschaft (Hg.), Teilausgabe des Neuen Testaments (Neue Genfer bersetzung)Der Band enthlt Mt, Mk, Lk, Joh, Apg, Rm, 1 Kor, Phil, 1 Thess, 1/2 Tim, Hebr, 13 Joh, Ob in neuer deutscher bersetzung. Dem gut lesbaren Haupttext sind Anmerkungen beigegeben, die alternative bersetzungsmglichkeiten und gelegentlich, wenn der Haupttext frei formuliert, eine wrtliche Wiedergabe anbieten. Ein Anhang enthlt Sacherklrungen in der Form eines Glossars (Abba, Abraham, lteste, Amen, Apostel usw.). In Deutschland ist diese fast vollstndige NT-Ausgabe im Hnssler-Verlag (D-71087 Holzgerlingen) erhltlich. Genfer Bibelgesellschaft/Hnssler Verlag, Basel und Holzgerlingen (2003) XI/1740 (BL)

76 Wilfrid Haubeck, Neue kommunikative bersetzungen auf dem deutschen Markt: Gute Nachricht Bibel, Honung fr alle und Neue Genfer bersetzungAn einigen Beispielen aus Mt 57 und Rm 35 zeigt H. die Unterschiede dieser bersetzungen auf. Unter der Magabe, die Bibel fr weniger gebte Bibelleser in verstndliche Sprache zu bersetzen, gibt fr Haubeck die GNB den Sinn des biblischen Wortes verstndlich und zuverlssig wieder, whrend die HfA eher exegetisches Bemhen, die NG in Teilen die leichte Verstndlichkeit vermissen lsst. BiLi 75/4 (2002) 251264 (CB)

77 Gerhard Hotze, Die Interlinearbersetzung und das Mnchener Neue Testament zwei nicht alltgliche BibelbersetzungenBeide Texte versuchen dem griechischen Original besonders gerecht zu werden: die Interlinearbersetzung durch ihre genaue Kopie der griechischen Satzstellung, das Mnchener Neue Testament durch seine terminologisch mglichst textnahe bersetzung. Beide bersetzungen werden als Hilfe fr das Studium am Urtext empfohlen, wobei die Satzungetme der IL auch H. zweifeln lassen, ob nicht selten die Grenze des Grotesken berschritten wird. BiLi 75/4 (2002) 243250 (CB)

78 Walter Gro (ed.), Bibelbersetzung heute. Geschichtliche Entwicklungen und aktuelle HerausforderungenWhereas a historical section prints four papers dealing with the origins of Luthers production of the German bible, two further sections are about contemporary German biblical translating and translations. Here one learns a lot about the Buber-Rosenzweig version, the (German) Good News bible (a dynamic translation in the contemporary idiom) and the forthcoming new Zurich version. One of the contributors is Hellmut Haug, the celebrated Nestor of German biblical translation. Arndt Meinhold contributes an excellent paper on OT commentaries that include scholarly translations, and the editor, a linguist, comments on syntax in commentaries and translations of the Psalms. Arbeiten zur Geschichte und Wirkung der Bibel 2; Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart (2001) 1366 (BL)

79 Pinchas Lapide, Ist die Bibel richtig bersetzt?Nachdruck zweier lterer, hier zu einem Band vereinigten Schriften, die im Plauderton durch das AT und das NT fhren, um missverstndliche bersetzungen aufzuklren. Eine amsante Lektre, aus der man z.B. erfhrt, dass nur das begehrliche Ansehen von verheirateten Frauen, nicht aber jeder Frau zum Eherbruch im Herzen fhrt (Mt 5,28). Der Verfasser verstarb 1997. Gtersloher Verlagshaus, Gtersloh (2004) 1237 (BL)

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80 Eberhard Bons, Das Projekt Septuaginta Deutsch im Kontext gegenwrtiger Septuaginta-ForschungBons skizziert Eigenart und Bedeutung der Septuaginta und beschreibt dann die Konzeption der Septuaginta Deutsch als Behebung der Desiderate einer vollstndigen bersetzung ins Deutsche wie eines diese ergnzenden Kommentars. BiLi 75/4 (2002) 274282 (CB)

81 Trix Gretler u.a., Die neue Zrcher Bibel. Eine Zwischenbilanz nach 15 Jahren bersetzungsarbeitDer Ruf einer philologisch exakten bersetzung, den die Zrcher Bibel innehat, grndet sich auf die vom Beginn an immer neuen kritischen Revisionen. Die gegenwrtige Neubersetzung, die Ende 2004 abgeschlossen sein soll, basiert auf drei Prinzipien: Bewahrung der heilsamen Fremdheit der Bibel, philologische Genauigkeit sowie hohes Sprachniveau und Schnheit der Sprache. BiLi 75/4 (2002) 231237 (CB)

82 Walter Gro, Syntax, Pragmatik, Stilistik in Jes 11,110. Vergleich und Kritik deutscher bersetzungenIn einer beispielhaften Studie werden ausgewhlte bersetzungsprobleme des hebr. Textes ins Deutsche anhand des poetischen Textes Jes 11,110 aufgezeigt. Whrend noch die LXX sowie die Vulgata die hebrische Satzteilfolge meistens bewahren, erlauben sich deutsche bersetzer seit Luther sehr viele Freiheiten auf diesem Gebiet, wodurch die wohl durchdachte Konstruktion der originalen Stze zunichte gemacht wird. Abweichende, manchmal auch beabsichtigte, Neufokussierungen innerhalb der einzelnen Passagen, Verlust von gegenseitigen Entsprechungen zwischen den Stzen und Satzteilen etc. sind die Folgen eines solchen in Hinblick auf die Satzsyntax unreektierten bersetzungsvorgangs. Arbeiten zu Text und Sprache im Alten Testament 72; Hubert Irsigler u.a. (Hgg.), Wer darf hinaufsteigen zum Berg JHWHs?; EOS Verlag Erzabtei St. Ottilien, St. Ottilien (2002) 2543 (DL)

83 A.H. Snyman, Die 1983 Afrikaanse Bybelvertaling in die lig van huidige tendense en behoeftesAt a symposium on current trends in Bible translation held in August 2001 it became clear that linguistic-based theories, which dominated translation work when the 1983 Afrikaans translation came on the scene, have been replaced by functionalist approaches and descriptive translation studies (DTS). The dierence between these approaches lies in their relation to the source text: linguistic theorists regard the source text as a norm and evaluate any translation in terms of its equivalence to the source text. In contrast, the functionalist theorists regard a translation as a new communicative act that must be purposeful with respect to the translators clients and readership, while DTS views a text as a translation if it functions as such in the receiving culture and literary system. A recent investigation into the need for a new Afrikaans translation reveals that there is a need for various types of translation. The majority of respondents are satised with the 1983 translation and do not want a new one. It has also become apparent, however, that the 1983 translation is not suitable for liturgical use in all Afrikaansspeaking churches. In line with the experience of the new Dutch translation project, there is a specic need for a translation that reects the literary forms and structures of the source texts and retains as much as possible imagery and metaphor, if functional, in contemporary Afrikaans. ATh 23/1 (2003) 175193

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84 J.A. Naud, Psalm 150 in Afrikaans. n Korpusgebaseerde vertaalkundige analiseCorpus-based research in translation involves using computerised corpora to study translated text and is concerned with revealing both the universal and the specic features of translation. A corpus of Bible translations and religious literature is in a process of being established at the University of the Free State. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of the vocabulary of the translation of Psalms 150 in various Afrikaans Bible translations within corpus-based translation studies. The way in which corpus processing techniques could be utilised to investigate the vocabulary of the translation of Psalms 150 will be discussed. ATh 23/1 (2003) 83114

85 Francois T. de Villiers, Translation of nonverbal communication in the Afrikaans Bible version for the deaf: A short noteThe new Afrikaans Bible translation for the Deaf is currently under way. This translation attempts to translate the meaning of the source texts into the linguistic constraints of the Afrikaans Deaf, broadly following the translation theory of Eugene Nida. This article attempts to be part of a debate concerning the translation of non-verbal communication in the Bible. I point out that non-verbal communication is a meaningful element of communication in the text and that it must be translated accordingly if the Afrikaans translation for the Deaf, and any other translation following the same theoretical framework, wants to be consistent with its own presuppositions. I illustrate my point by referring to Job 30:28. Scriptura 84/3 (2003) 364367

86 Rita Mller-Fieberg, Ein Bibel-Skandal in Frankreich? Vielmehr und trotz allem: ein ermutigendes Signal fr die Inkulturation der Bibel in unsere GegenwartThe recent French Bible translation published in 2001 by Bayard (Paris) and Mdiaspaul (Montral) was prepared in collaboration with 27 exegetes and 20 writers. While some people are lled with enthusiasm about its new conception, others are indignant at it. This article wants to describe what is really new in the Bible Bayard concerning its form and its translation principles (preference for the original meaning of a word, use of the literary language of today, legitimate plurality of translations due to the diversity of the Bible). And it nally evaluates the chances and limits. PzB 12/1 (2003) 4761

87 Olivier Artus et al. (eds.), Le Pentateuque. Les cinq livres de la LoiThis is the rst instalment of a revised edition of a well-known French biblical version: the Traduction oecumnique de la Bible (TOB). First published in 1975, the TOB was quick to establish its reputation as an accurate and fairly literal version. The present revision is minimal as far as the actual translation is concerned; however, it is extensive in its rewriting of the introductions and the long textual notes. There is now much less on the so-called sources such as the Yahwist or the Priestly Code, and one can see the massive and benecial inuence of authors such as Thomas Rmer. The quality of the notes now matches, and occasionally surpasses, that of the famous notes of the Bible de Jrusalem. International scholarship has to be aware of the fact that much of French biblical scholarship is echoed in the notes and introductions of the TOB, and the same is true of the Bible de Jrusalem. Editions du Cerf, Paris (2003) 1411 (BL)

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88 Carlo Buzzetti et al., Una traduzione biblica italiana, nellecumenismoA brief report on the Traduzione interconfessionale della Bibbia in lingua corrente. Sal. 66/1 (2004) 5169

89 Domenico Gandolfi, Padre Allegra e la Bibbia cinese: le tappe di una traduzioneG. Allegra was a leading gure in biblical studies and sinology during the middle of 20th century. His attempt to provide an actualized Chinese translation of the Bible for Catholics has produced an enormous version, with commentary, of more than 10,000 pages, a common version, and a Biblical Dictionary. The article reconstructs the stages of translation, stressing the ways and methodology Allegra has applied to his enterprise. Anton. 78/2 (2003) 291320

90 Kuo-Wei Peng, Translating eirn in Pauline Epistolary Greetings into ChineseDen griechischen Begri eirn, wie Paulus ihn in seinen Gruformeln verwendet, ins Chinesische zu bersetzen ist deswegen problematisch, weil das Chinesische keinen Begri kennt, der sowohl den persnlichen als auch den interpersonalen Frieden bezeichnet. The Bible Translator 54/2 (2003) 234240 (SP)

THEOLOGICAL AND EXEGETICAL APPROACHES Theological Foundations Inspiration authority canon: OT NT 91 S.D. Snyman, Oor die inspirasie van die Bybel n Perspektief van n Ou-TestamentikusThis article is an attempt to engage in a conversation between biblical scholars and their dogmatic colleagues on the issue of the inspiration of the Bible. It is argued that current theories on the inspiration of the Bible can no longer be maintained in the light of our knowledge of the origin and growth of especially the Old Testament. Because of the fact that the Old Testament came into being over a considerable period of time, the idea of inspiration should be broadened to include the whole process of canonization. The idea of inspiration should be broadened ever further to include the translation and preaching of the Bible. In the end it is stated that the inspiration of the Bible is something that cannot be captured in a theory, it can only be confessed as part of the faith of believers. Verbum et Ecclesia 24/2 (2003) 459473

92 Klyne Snodgrass (ed.), The Authority and Function of Scripture in the Contemporary WorldEight papers (some with responses) discuss the subject indicated by the title of this collection. Typical contributions are: R.C. Van Leeuwen, Reading the whole Bible in a culture of divided hearts; M.D. Hooker, The authority of the Bible: a NT perspective; S.B. Chapman, The OT canon and its authority for the Christian church. The issue

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also includes a valuable annotated bibliography on the authority of scripture (pp. 169178). ExAu 19 (2003) IX/1182 (BL)

93 Michael Welker, Sola Scriptura? The Authority of the Bible in Pluralistic EnvironmentsThe author proposes to speak of a fourfold weight of Scripture (historical, cultural, canonical, theological). First, he claries the Reformations sola scriptura by describing the authority of Scripture with regard to its fourfold weight. Second, he discusses the programmatic formula biblical theology, which has also been understood as a type of authority formula. Finally, he shows why the authority of Scripture veries itself precisely in pluralistic contexts that are critical of authority. Brent A. Strawn et al. (eds.), A God So Near; Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake (2003) 375391

94 Eugene Ulrich, From Literature to Scripture: Reections on the Growth of a Texts AuthoritativenessThe present essay attempts to study the transformation involved when a text properly labelled as (merely) literature becomes acknowledged as Sacred Scripture. It tries to understand some of the factors involved in a texts acquisition of the character of authority along the road toward what will eventually become the canon. As there was a lengthy process leading up to the nal canon of Scripture, so too there was a lengthy process by which what we now consider biblical literature developed from what should properly be termed literature to what we properly call Scripture. DSD 10/1 (2003) 325

95 A. van de Beek, The authority of Scripture and the incomprehensibilitas of GodIn this article the author provides a new perspective on the Reformed notion of the authority of Scripture. Following the lead of the Belgic Confession he indicates that this authority does not imply that the Bible should be regarded as a collection of xed truths but that it communicates the Truth as a relationship to Christ to those who experience the presence of God through reading the Bible in communion with believers throughout the ages. Because the Bible is the living Word of God and the living God himself meets us in it, the Scriptures are pre-eminently more so than nature the medium through which we know God in his unfathomable liberty. Verbum et Ecclesia 24/2 (2003) 572597

96 Johannes Nissen, Scripture and Community in Dialogue. Hermeneutical Reections on the Authority of the BibleIn den letzten Jahren wurde insbesondere aus feministischer und befreiungstheologischer Perspektive die Frage aufgeworfen, ob die kanonische Autoritt weniger den biblischen Schriften als der gemeindlichen Praxis zukommen msste. Verf. pldiert fr einen Mittelweg: There is a dialectic between the text of life (experience) and the text of Scripture, and this dialectic is the kernel of the interpretive enterprise. The community of Christians formed and shaped the Christian canon. But the canon in turn forms and shapes the community (657). BEThL 163; Jean-Marie Auwers et al. (eds.), The Biblical Canons; Leuven University Press, Leuven (2003) 651658 (SP)

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97 James A. Loader, Tenach and Old Testament the same Bible?This article questions the simplicity with which not only Old Testament specialists, but theologians in general especially in the Protestant tradition usually identify the Hebrew text as printed in the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (and its predecessors) as the real Old Testament. The relevant questions are grouped into four clusters: What is meant by Tenach and Old Testament, what is a canon, is the Jewish Tenach continued in the same way as the Christian Old Testament, what are the theological implications of their dissimilarity and their association? An argument is developed in which it is concluded that there are several conditions under which the Tenach of the Jews and the Old Testament of Christians can not be called the same Bible. Only when the canon is seen as a process as opposed to a list or a book, can a positive answer to the question be given. Several advantages of this approach conclude the discussion. HTS 58/4 (2002) 14151430

98 Walter Brueggemann, On Scroll-Making in Ancient JerusalemThis paper, read to an Association of Bible collectors, considers the way in which a small scroll-making community constituted by a prophet, scribes, and political operators formed a community with an alternative vision of social reality in opposition to the dominant vision and the dominant power structure of ancient Jerusalem. It is proposed that this oppositional community that produced its subversive scroll began the scroll movement that eventuated in canon, a text production that was characteristically subversive of established social vision. BTB 33/1 (2003) 511

99 Andreas Hahn, Was meinen wir mit Kanon? Die alttestamentliche Kanonforschung im letzten Jahrhundert zwischen einem funktionalen und einem formalen KanonbegriThe beginning of the last century witnessed the rise of a distinction between a formal and a functional understanding of the biblical canon in NT as well as in OT scholarship, whose roots can be traced back to Semler. Both views inuence the dating of the closure of the OT canon, which is of interest for evangelicals who deny the canonicity of the deuterocanonical writings. This article traces the development of the respective views in OT scholarship and shows that there is a move towards an integrative position today which seems to admit that the limitation of a collection of Scripture is a necessary internal feature of a theological canon concept besides the authoritative function of the individual writings. At the end the author considers how this delimitation of a scriptural canon can be theologically justied and how it is observable in the reception of the canon in a community of faith. JETh 17 (2003) 4582

100 Stephen B. Chapman, How the Biblical Canon Began: Working Models and Open QuestionsWriting in the tradition initiated by B.S. Childs, Chapman argues that canonization is not a process of retrospectively evaluating literature and according it authoritative status; rather, the canonical process is intrinsic to the composition of much of biblical literature. This process began with the Deuteronomistic History. Among recent contributors to historical research on the canonical process, Chapman selects J. Blenkinsopp and R.E. Clements for special consideration. Jerusalem Studies in Religion and Culture 2; Margalit Finkelberg et al. (eds.), Homer, the Bible, and beyond; Brill, Leiden (2003) 2951 (BL)

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101 Alexander Rof, The History of Israelite Religion and the Biblical Text: Corrections Due to the Unication of WorshipThe present article is premised on the understanding that there is an intimate relationship between religion and text, namely between the beliefs held by scribes and copyists of holy scriptures and the texts that they produce. It is well known that the intellectual world of a copyist may leave its stamp on his handiwork. In applying this principle on his area of research, the author wants to discuss the transmission of the biblical text in light of the history of Israelite religion. VT.S 94; Shalom M. Paul et al. (eds.), Emanuel; Brill, Leiden (2003) 759793

102 Armin Lange, The Parabiblical Literature of the Qumran Library and the Canonical History of the Hebrew Bible75% of the Jewish