international!conference!on! ship!manoeuvrability!and ... · international!conference!on!...

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International!Conference!on!

Ship!Manoeuvrability!and!Maritime!Simulation!

MARSIM!2015!!

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ABSTRACTS!! !

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Table!of!Contents!

1.1.3!!!A!HISTORY!OF!SHIP!MANOEUVRABILITY!–!THEORY!AND!PRACTICE!........................!26!

1.2.1!!!OFFLINE!SYSTEM!IDENTIFICATION!OF!SHIP!MANOEUVRING!MATHEMATICAL!MODELS!WITH!A!GLOBAL!OPTIMIZATION!ALGORITHM!....................................................!26!

1.2.2!!!UNCERTAINTY!ANALYSIS!FOR!POWERING!TEST!OF!AN!80000DWT!BULK!CARRIER!..!27!

1.2.3!!!VALIDATION!OF!MATHEMATICAL!MANOEUVRING!MODELS!BY!FULL!SCALE!MEASUREMENTS!.............................................................................................................!27!

1.2.4!!!INCREASING!EFFECTIVENESS!OF!SIMULATOR!TRAINING!USING!A!HUMAN!FACTOR!&!ERGONOMICS!PERSPECTIVE!.............................................................................................!28!

1.2.5!!!‘CULTURALLY!AWARE!SIMULATION’!......................................................................!29!

1.2.6!!!THE!DEVELOPMENT!OF!THE!SHIPHANDLING!SUPPORT!SYSTEM!BASED!ON!HUMAN!CHARACTERISTIC!..............................................................................................................!29!

1.3.1!!!LONGITUDINALLY!DIRECTED!BANK!EFFECTS!...........................................................!30!

1.3.2!!!CHANNEL!WIDTH!EFFECTS!ON!BERTHED!SHIP!–!PASSING!SHIP!INTERACTION!FROM!EXPERIMENTS!AND!CFD!PREDICTIONS!.............................................................................!30!

1.3.3!!!EXPERIMENTAL!STUDY!OF!INTERACTION!FORCES!ACTING!ON!SHIP!HULL!BY!BANK!EFFECT!.............................................................................................................................!31!

1.3.4!!!INNOVATIVE!SIMULATION!TOOLS!FOR!LEARNING!&!TEACHING!SHIPS!DYNAMIC!AND!INVESTIGATION!OF!MANOEUVRING!CAPABILITIES!...........................................................!32!

1.3.5!!!MODELLING!OF!SHIPS!FOR!SIMULATOR!TRAINING!&!RESEARCH!AND!SIMULATION�AUGMENTED!MANOEUVRING!SUPPORT!ON!BOARD!AND!FROM!THE!SHORE!.............................................................................................................................!32!

1.3.6!!!SIMULATION!IN!THE!TRAINING!FOR!PILOTS!AND!TUGBOAT!CAPTAINS!IN!THE!EXPANDED!PANAMA!CANAL!............................................................................................!33!

1.4.1!!!OPTIMISING!DEPLOYMENT!OF!SELF\PROPELLED!JACK\UP!VESSELS!.........................!34!

1.4.2!!!INSTATIONARY!CAPTIVE!MODEL!TESTS!..................................................................!35!

1.4.3!!!MODELING!AND!SIMULATION!OF!AZIMUTH!STERN!DRIVE!TUG!IN!SHIPHANDLING!SIMULATOR!.....................................................................................................................!35!

1.4.4!!!MODEL!COURSE!ON!TRAINING!FOR!INSTRUCTOR!USING!SHIP\HANDLING!SIMULATOR!.....................................................................................................................!36!

1.4.5!!!EVALUATION!METHOD!OF!TRAINING!SCENARIO!FOR!SHIP!MANOEUVRING!SIMULATOR!EXERCISE!IN!BRM!TRAINING!.........................................................................!37!

1.4.6!!!KEY!PERFORMANCE!INDICATORS!FOR!ASSESSING!SIMULATOR!TASK!SCENARIOS!...!37!

2.1.1!!!CALCULATIONS!OF!MANOEUVRING!PERFORMANCE!OF!SHIPS!USING!ADAPTIVE!GRID!REFINEMENT!WITH!AN!OVERSET!GRID!METHOD!.....................................................!38!

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2.1.2!THE!EFFECT!OF!COURSE\STABILIZING!FIXED!FINS!ON!MANOEUVRING!PERFORMANCE!OF!A!WATER\JET!PROPELLED!PLANING!BOAT!...................................................................!38!

2.1.3!!!A!STUDY!ON!CAPTIVE!MANOEUVRING!MODEL!TEST!OF!A!SHIP!AT!LARGE!HEEL!CONDITION!......................................................................................................................!39!

2.1.4!!!DEVELOPMENT!OF!A!SOFTWARE!TO!IDENTIFY!AND!ANALYSE!MARINE!TRAFFIC!SITUATIONS!.....................................................................................................................!39!

2.1.5!!!THE!RANGE!OF!LOOKOUT!FOR!ASSESSING!COLLISION!SITUATIONS!........................!40!

2.1.6!!!A!VERIFICATION!STUDY!OF!A!NEW!TYPE!GUIDANCE!SCHEME!BY!USING!SHIP!HANDLING!SIMULATOR!AND!A!SMALL!BOAT�BASED!EXPERIMENT!................................!40!

2.2.1!!!COMPARATIVE!CALCULATIONS!ON!STEADY!ADVANCING!CONDITIONS!OF!FREE\RUNNING!MODEL!SHIPS!REFLECTING!OPERATION!LIMITS!OF!ENGINES!IN!WAVES.!...........!41!

2.2.2!!!WAVE!EFFECTS!IN!6DOF!ON!A!SHIP!IN!SHALLOW!WATER!.......................................!42!

2.2.3!!!MANOEUVRING!SIMULATION!OF!A!KVLCC2!TANKER!IN!IRREGULAR!WAVES!..........!42!

2.2.4!!!RESEARCH!INTO!THE!HUMAN\AUTOMATION!PARTNERSHIP,!UTILISING!MARITIME!SIMULATION!....................................................................................................................!43!

2.2.5!!!THE!COLLECTION!OF!ASD!TUGBOAT!OPERATIONAL!FIELD!DATA!AND!THE!USAGE!FOR!SIMULATOR!MODELING!&!VALIDATION!....................................................................!44!

2.2.6!!!DYNAMIC!POSITIONING!RESOURCE!MANAGEMENT!–!THE!USE!OF!SIMULATION!ON!COMPLEX!ENVIRONMENTS!OPERATIONS!TRAINING!........................................................!44!

3.1.1!!!ANALYSIS!OF!HYDRODYNAMIC!CHARACTERISTICS!AND!PREDICTIONS!OF!SHIP!MOTIONS!ON!STEADY!ADVANCING!CONDITIONS!IN!ADVERSE!WEATHER!.........................!45!

3.1.2!!!EVACUATION!MANOEUVRE!OF!PASSENGER!SHIP!WITH!PODDED!PROPELLERS!DURING!A!TSUNAMI!........................................................................................................!45!

3.1.3!!!FAST!ALGORITHM!FOR!REAL\TIME!SEAKEEPING!SIMULATORS!...............................!46!

3.1.4!!!REQUIREMENTS!AND!IMPLEMENTATION!OF!THE!ROYAL!NETHERLANDS!NAVY!SHIP!HANDLING!SIMULATOR!(SHS)!SYSTEM!.............................................................................!46!

3.1.5!!!INVESTIGATION!OF!EFFECT!OF!ROLL!MOTION!ON!MANOEUVRABILITY!USING!4\DOF!MATHEMATICAL!MODEL!..................................................................................................!47!

3.1.6!!!DELIVERING!SIMULATION!SOLUTIONS!TO!REMOTE!COMMUNITIES!.......................!48!

3.2.1!!!PREDICTION!OF!SHIP!MANOEUVRING!BEHAVIOURS!BASED!ON!VIRTUAL!CAPTIVE!MODEL!TESTS!..................................................................................................................!49!

3.2.2!!!RANS!SIMULATION!OF!PMM!TESTS!IN!DEEP!AND!SHALLOW!WATERS!FOR!AN!INLAND!SHIP!....................................................................................................................!49!

3.2.3!!!CFD!ANALYSIS!OF!HYDRODYNAMIC!FORCE!CHARACTERISTICS!OF!PUSHER!AND!MULTI!BARGES!IN!STEADY�STATE!MANOEUVRES!..........................................................!50!

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3.2.4!!!U.S.!ARMY!CORPS!OF!ENGINEERS’!USE!OF!SHIP!SIMULATION!IN!DESIGN!OF!STRUCTURES!....................................................................................................................!51!

3.2.5!!!INTEGRATED!SIMULATION!FRAMEWORK!BASED!ON!MULTIBODY!DYNAMICS,!REALISTIC!VISUALIZATION,!AND!HARDWARE!FOR!SHIPBUILDING!PRODUCTION!AND!OFFSHORE!INSTALLATION!................................................................................................!52!

3.2.6!!!INNOVATION!IN!SEARCH!AND!RESCUE!SIMULATION!AND!TRAINING!–!REQUIREMENTS!PROFILE!FOR!MOBILE,!MULTI\FUNCTIONAL!OPERATION!STATIONS!(MOS)!........................................................................................................................................!53!

3.3.1!!!EXPERIMENTAL!AND!NUMERICAL!INVESTIGATION!OF!ASYMMETRICAL!BEHAVIOUR!OF!RUDDER/PROPELLER!FOR!TWIN!SCREW!SHIPS!............................................................!54!

3.3.2!!!NUMERICAL!AND!EXPERIMENTAL!STUDY!ON!THE!RUDDER!FORCE!OF!A!TWISTED!RUDDER!...........................................................................................................................!54!

3.3.3!!!IMPACTS!OF!RUDDER!PROFILES!ON!SHIP!MANOEUVRABILITY!...............................!55!

3.3.4!!!FUEL!SAVING!STRATEGY!ON!RIVERS!BY!SPEED!ADAPTION!.....................................!55!

3.3.6!!!FROM!SHIP!HANDLING!TO!MARITIME!INCIDENT!RESPONSE!SIMULATION!–ADVANCED!NETWORKED!SIMULATION!............................................................................!56!

3.4.1!!!EFFECTS!OF!RUDDER!HORN!AND!PROPELLER!HUB!VORTEX!FOR!CFD!MANOEUVRING!SIMULATIONS!..................................................................................................................!56!

3.4.2!!!SCALE!EFFECTS!ON!FREE!RUNNING!MODEL!TESTS!..................................................!57!

3.4.3!!!HYDRODYNAMIC!INTERACTION!PHENOMENA!INVESTIGATIONS!DURING!THE!SHIP!OVERTAKING!MANOEUVRE!FOR!MARINE!RELATED!SIMULATORS!WITH!THE!USE!OF!CFD!METHODS.!.......................................................................................................................!58!

3.4.4!!!NAUTICAL!STUDIES!FOR!THE!OPTIMIZATION!OF!PROJECTS!AND!PORT!OPERATIONS.!FROM!BASIC!DESIGN!TO!TRAINING!OF!SEAFARERS!..........................................................!58!

3.4.5!!!THE!USE!OF!A!SHIP!SIMULATOR!AS!A!TOOL!FOR!EXHAUST!GAS!EMISSION!ESTIMATION!....................................................................................................................!59!

3.4.6!!!THE!SIMULATION!OF!HISTORIC!SHIP!–!THE!RECORD!BREAKING!TYNE!BUILT!VICTORIAN!‘NORTH!SEA!GREYHOUND’!AND!HER!EDWARDIAN!BLUE!RIBAND!‘GREYHOUND!OF!THE!ATLANTIC’!DAUGHTER!.........................................................................................!60!

4.1.1!!!VALIDATION!OF!THE!MANOEUVRING!BEHAVIOUR!OF!AN!ESTUARY!VESSEL!...........!61!

4.1.2!!!EXPERIMENTAL!STUDY!ON!MANOEUVRABILITY!OF!KVLCC2!IN!SHALLOW!WATER!BY!FREE!RUNNING!MODEL!TEST!............................................................................................!61!

4.1.3!!!REAL�TIME!IDENTIFICATION!OF!MANOEUVRABILITY!INDICES!USING!IIR!FILTERS!.!62!

4.1.4!!!A!PARADIGM!SHIFT!IN!SHIPHANDLING!..................................................................!62!

4.1.5!!!RESEARCH!ON!SIMULATION!OF!MOORING!LINE’S!OPERATION!WHILE!BERTHING!AND!DE\BERTHING!...........................................................................................................!63!

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4.1.6!!!MODELING!OF!SHIP!IN!ICE!AND!APPLICATION!IN!MARINE!SIMULATOR!..................!63!

4.2.1!!!WIND!LOADS!ON!SHIPS!IN!A!COMPLEX!ENVIRONMENT!.........................................!64!

4.2.2!!!DEVELOPMENT!OF!THE!TRANSPETRO!SIMULATION!CENTER!..................................!65!

4.2.3!!!REVIEW!OF!THE!SIMMAN!2014!WORKSHOP!ON!THE!STATE!OF!THE!ART!OF!PREDICTION!TECHNIQUES!FOR!SHIP!MANOEUVRABILITY!.................................................!65!!

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Day! 1! Session! 1! Paper! 3!

1.1.3!!!A!HISTORY!OF!SHIP!MANOEUVRABILITY!–!THEORY!AND!PRACTICE!!!David!Clarke,!School!of!Marine!Science!and!Technology,!Newcastle!University,!U.K.!!!THE!SUBJECT!OF!STEERING!AND!MANOEUVRING!OF!SHIPS!IS!OFTEN!MISUNDERSTOOD!AND!THE!MATERIAL! MISUSED,! SINCE! MUCH! OF! THE! ORIGINAL! WORK! TENDS! TO! BE! NEGLECTED! AND!IGNORED.!THIS!PAPER!IS!AN!ATTEMPT!TO!HIGHLIGHT!SOME!OF!THE!KEY!AREAS!WITHIN!THE!SUBJECT!AND!TO!POINT!OUT!WHY!THINGS!HAVE!DEVELOPED!IN!THE!WAY!THAT!THEY!HAVE.!!!

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1.2.1!!!OFFLINE!SYSTEM!IDENTIFICATION!OF!SHIP!MANOEUVRING!MATHEMATICAL!MODELS!WITH!A!GLOBAL!OPTIMIZATION!ALGORITHM!!!Serge!Sutulo,!Centre!for!Marine!Technology!and!Ocean!Engineering!(CENTEC),!Instituto!Superior!Técnico,!Universidade!de!Lisboa,!Portugal.!C.!Guedes!Soares,!Centre!for!Marine!Technology!and!Ocean!Engineering!(CENTEC),!Instituto!Superior!Técnico,!Universidade!de!Lisboa,!Portugal.!!!A! METHOD! FOR! OFFLINE! IDENTIFICATION! OF! SHIP! MANOEUVRING! CHARACTERISTICS! FROM!KINEMATICAL!RECORDS!OBTAINED!WITH!FULLXSCALE!TRIALS!OR!SELFXRUNNING!MODELS!DEVELOPED!EARLIER!BY!THE!AUTHORS!HAS!BEEN!FURTHER!IMPROVED!AND!TESTED.!THE!METHOD!IS!BASED!ON!THE! GLOBAL! SEARCH! IN! THE! PARAMETER! SPACE! CARRIED! OUT! WITH! THE! CLASSIC! GENETIC!ALGORITHM!MINIMIZING! THE! DISTANCE! BETWEEN! THE! ACTUAL! (TRAINING)! SHIP! RESPONSES! AND!THE!SIMULATED!RESPONSES.! THE!NUMERICAL!STUDY!WAS!PERFORMED!FOR!A!3DOF!POLYNOMIAL!MODEL.!ONLY! RESPONSES! IN! VELOCITIES!OF! SWAY,! YAW!AND! SURGE! IN! THE! 30/30! ZIGZAG!WERE!USED!FOR!IDENTIFICATION.!THE!TESTING!STUDIES!WERE!PERFORMED!USING!SIMULATED!RESPONSES!ALSO! POLLUTED! WITH! THE! HIGHXLEVEL! WHITE! NOISE.! THE! DISTANCES! WERE! MEASURED! IN!!THREE! DIFFERENT! METRICS:! EUCLIDEAN,! PSEUDOXHAUSDORFF! AND! TRUE! (TWOXDIMENSIONAL)!HAUSDORFF.!VALIDATION!OF!THE!IDENTIFIED!MODELS!CONSISTED!IN!COMPARISON!OF!REPRODUCED!SPIRAL!CURVES!AND!TIME!HISTORIES!IN!TURNING!CIRCLES.!BESIDES!THE!TYPE!OF!THE!USED!METRICS,!VARIED!WAS! THE! LENGTH!OF! THE! CHROMOSOME! SEGMENT! IN! THE! GENETIC! ALGORITHM.! IN! ALL!CASES,!A!SUBSTANTIALLY!BETTER!PERFORMANCE!OF!THE!HAUSDORFF!METRIC!WAS!CONFIRMED.!AT!THE!SAME!TIME,! IT!WAS!DISCOVERED!THAT!THE!ALGORITHM!BECOMES!LESS!EFFICIENT!WHEN!THE!DIMENSION!OF!THE!FACTOR!SPACE!IS!INCREASED.!!! !

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1.2.2!!!UNCERTAINTY!ANALYSIS!FOR!POWERING!TEST!OF!AN!80000DWT!BULK!CARRIER!!!Weimin!Chen,!Shanghai!Ship!and!Shipping!Research!Institute,!China.!Jian!Cui,!Shanghai!Ship!and!Shipping!Research!Institute,!China.!Guoxiang!Dong,!Shanghai!Ship!and!Shipping!Research!Institute,!China.!!!UNCERTAINTY! ANALYSIS! HAS! BEEN! CONSIDERED! AND! APPLIED! IN! VARIOUS! INDUSTRIES! FOR!DECADES.!IN!RECENT!YEARS,!ITTC!HAS!ALREADY!PLACED!IT!ON!A!VERY!IMPORTANT!POSITION,!AND!IT!WAS!MENTIONED!IN!MANY!PROCEDURES!FOR!MODEL!TESTING!AS!AN!INDEPENDENT!PART,!SUCH!AS!RESISTANCE! TEST,! OPEN!WATER! TEST,! SELFXPROPULSION! TEST,! ETC.! ALONG!WITH! THE! ENFORCED!IMPLEMENTATION!OF!EEDI!IN!2013,!SHIPXOWNERS,!DESIGNERS,!SHIPYARDS!ARE!PAYING!MORE!AND!MORE! CONSIDERATIONS! ON! THE! RELIABILITY! AND! ACCURACY! OF! MODEL! TEST! RESULTS.!!FURTHERMORE,! THE! CLASS! HAS! ALREADY! INVOLVED! INTO!MODEL! TESTING! AS! A! SUPERVISOR! TO!WITNESS! THE!QUALITY!DOCUMENTATIONS!AND!THE!WHOLE!PROCESS!OF!MODEL! TESTS!ON! SPOT.!!THURS,!UNCERTAINTY!ANALYSIS!IS!PLAYING!AN!IMPORTANT!ROLE!TO!CONTROL!THE!RELIABILITY!AND!STANDARDIZE!THE!PROCEDURES!OF!MODEL!TESTS.!!IN! THIS! PAPER,! A! SERIES! REPEATABLE! MODEL! TESTS! WERE! PERFORMED! TO! ANALYZE! THE!UNCERTAINTY! ON! AN! 800,000DWT! BULK! CARRIER.! FOCUSED! ON! THE! RESISTANCE! TESTS,!DIFFERENCES!BETWEEN!EACH!TEST!WERE!ANALYZED!BY!USING! ITTC!RECOMMENDED!PROCEDURES!FOR!UNCERTAINTY!ANALYSIS.!IN!ORDER!TO!LOOK!INSIGHT!INTO!THE!UNCERTAINTY,!BOTH!RAW!DATA!AND! FULL! SCALE! PREDICTED! VALUE! WERE! CALCULATED! FINALLY,! DIFFERENCES! ON! THE! FINAL!PREDICTED!SPEED!WERE!ALSO!COMPARED!TO!EVALUATE!THE!EFFECT!ON!SHIP!SPEED.!!!

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1.2.3!!!VALIDATION!OF!MATHEMATICAL!MANOEUVRING!MODELS!BY!FULL!SCALE!MEASUREMENTS!!!Jeroen!Verwilligen,!Flanders!Hydraulics!Research,!Belgium.!!Guillaume!Delefortrie,!Flanders!Hydraulics!Research,!Belgium.!!Stijn!Vos,!Flanders!Hydraulics!Research,!Belgium.!!Marc!Vantorre,!Maritime!Technology!Division!X!Ghent!University,!Belgium.!!Katrien!Eloot,!Flanders!Hydraulics!Research!&!Maritime!Technology!Division!X!Ghent!University,!Belgium.!!!!BASED!ON!COMPREHENSIVE!CAPTIVE!MODEL!TESTS,!EXECUTED!IN!THE!TOWING!TANK!OF!FLANDERS!HYDRAULICS! RESEARCH! (FHR),! MATHEMATICAL!MANOEUVRING!MODELS! FOR! INLAND! VESSELS! OF!110! M! X! 11.4! M! AND! 85! M! X! 9.5! M! WERE! DERIVED.! BOTH! MANOEUVRING! MODELS! WERE!EXTENSIVELY! APPLIED! IN! REALXTIME! SIMULATION! STUDIES! TO! DESIGN! INLAND! WATERWAYS! AND!CONSTRUCTIONS.!!!

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IN!ORDER!TO!VALIDATE!THE!MATHEMATICAL!MANOEUVRING!MODEL!FHR!PERFORMED!FULL!SCALE!MEASUREMENTS!ON!THE! INLAND!TANKER!MT#ELISE#WITH!A!LENGTH!OF!105!M,!A!BEAM!OF!9.5!M!AND!A!DRAFT!OF!2.6!M.!THE!MANOEUVRING!BEHAVIOUR!OF!THE!MT#ELISE#WAS!COMPARED!TO!THE!AVAILABLE! MANOEUVRING! MODELS! BY! MEANS! OF! BOTH! FREE! RUNNING! AND! CAPTIVE! REPLAY!(FASTXTIME)!SIMULATIONS.!!!FROM! CAPTIVE! REPLAY! SIMULATIONS! THE! SHIPXTOXSHIP! INTERACTION! FORCES! DURING! HEADXON!ENCOUNTERS!PERFORMED!DURING!THE!FULL!SCALE!TESTING,!COULD!BE!ESTIMATED.!!!

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1.2.4!!!INCREASING!EFFECTIVENESS!OF!SIMULATOR!TRAINING!USING!A!HUMAN!FACTOR!&!ERGONOMICS!PERSPECTIVE!!!Wendie!Uitterhoeve, MARIN,!P.O.!Box!28,!NLX6700!AA!Wageningen,!The!Netherlands.!!Kirsten!Schreibers,!INTERGO!human!factors!&!ergonomics!P.O.!Box!19218,!NLX3501!DE!Utrecht,!The!Netherlands.!!!WITH! THE! DEVELOPMENT! OF! A! NEW! SIMULATOR! AND! THE! RELATED! SET! UP! OF! A! TRAINING!CURRICULUM,!SEVERAL!DISCIPLINES!COME!TOGETHER.!THE!SIMULATOR!MANUFACTURER!SEES!THE!TECHNICAL!CHALLENGES!WHILE!TRAINERS!LOOK!FROM!AN!EDUCATIONAL!PERSPECTIVE.!THIS!PAPER!PROMOTES! AN! INTEGRATED! HUMAN! FACTORS! &! ERGONOMICS! (HFE)! PERSPECTIVE! CONNECTING!THESE!SPECIALIZED!WORK!FIELDS!IN!DIFFERENT!STAGES!OF!SIMULATOR!(TRAINING)!DEVELOPMENTS.!THE!HOLISTIC! SYSTEM!APPROACH! IS!DESIGN!DRIVEN!AND! FOCUSES!ON!PERFORMANCE!AND!WELL!BEING!OF!THE!TRAINEE.!!!BASED! ON! THE! EXAMPLE! OF! THE! DEVELOPMENT! OF! A! HEAVY! LIFT! SHIP! SIMULATOR,! THE!CONTRIBUTION! OF! HFE! TO! THE! DEFINITION! OF! TRAINING! CURRICULUM! REQUIREMENTS! AND!SIMULATOR! SPECIFICATIONS! IS! DEMONSTRATED.! INVESTIGATING! MULTIPLE! WAYS! TO! EXECUTE! A!DESCRIBED! TASK! BEFORE! DEVELOPING! THE! SIMULATOR! AND! ITS! TRAINING! PACKAGE,! LEADS! TO!IMPROVED!AND!MORE!EFFECTIVE!SIMULATOR!TRAINING.!!!THE!RESULT!IS!EFFICIENT!USE!OF!SIMULATOR!TIME!IN!WHICH!THE!INSTRUCTOR!CAN!FOCUS!ON!THE!MOST!RELEVANT!TOPICS.!THIS!WILL!IMPROVE!THE!ABILITY!OF!THE!TRAINEE!TO!APPLY!THE!LEARNED!SKILLS!IN!REAL!OPERATIONS.!AND!THUS!AVOID!RISKS!DURING!SAFETY!CRITICAL!SITUATIONS.!!!THE! HFE! APPROACH! ALSO! IDENTIFIES! IMPROVEMENTS! OF! THE! OPERATIONAL! PROCESS.! WHEN!TAKING!THESE!IMPROVEMENTS!INTO!ACCOUNT!DURING!THE!TRAINING,!NOT!ONLY!INDIVIDUAL!AND!TEAM!PERFORMANCE!WILL!INCREASE!BUT!ALSO!THE!OVERALL!SYSTEM!PERFORMANCE.!!!! !

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1.2.5!!!‘CULTURALLY!AWARE!SIMULATION’!!!Richard!Speight,!STAMI.!!Drew!Strannigan,!STAMI.!!!THE! STENA! ASSOCIATION! OF!MARITIME! INSTITUTES! (STAMI)! IS! AN! ASSOCIATION! OF!WORLDWIDE!MARITIME! EDUCATION! AND! TRAINING! (MET)! INSTITUTES! USED! BY! THE! STENA! GROUP! OF!COMPANIES.!THE!ASSOCIATION!HAS!SUCCESSFULLY!COMPLETED!A!NUMBER!OF!MARITIME!RELATED!PROJECTS! AND! RELEVANTLY! ONE! ON! THE! ISSUE! OF! CULTURE! AT! SEA.! THIS! RESULTED! IN! THE!PRODUCTION!OF! THE!AWARENESS# BOOKLET,# ‘ALL# ABOARD’,#WHICH# IS# ISSUED# TO# THE# CADETS#AND# CREWS# ON# ALL# STENA# VESSELS# AND# PROVIDED# THE# BASIS# FOR# THE# VIDEOTEL# CULTURE#PROGRAMME#–#‘IT’S#A#CULTURAL#THING’.#THIS#WAS#LAUNCHED#IN#LATE#2014#AND#HAS#ALREADY#SCOOPED#UP#FOUR#SIGNIFICANT#AWARDS.#!STAMI#IS#NOW#KEEN#TO#PROGRESS#THIS#ACHIEVEMENT#AND#INTRODUCE#CULTURAL#AWARENESS#INTO#MARINE#SIMULATION#TRAINING.#!!!

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1.2.6!!!THE!DEVELOPMENT!OF!THE!SHIPHANDLING!SUPPORT!SYSTEM!BASED!ON!HUMAN!CHARACTERISTIC!!!Atsushi!Ishibashi,!Tokyo!University!of!Marine!Science!and!Technology,!Japan.!Hiroaki!Kobayashi,!Tokyo!University!of!Marine!Science!and!Technology,!Japan.!!!CURRENTLY! SOME! SUPPORT! SYSTEM! HAS! BEEN! DEVELOPED! TO! ENHANCE! THE! SAFETY! AND! TO!PROMOTE!EFFICIENCY! IN!SHIP!HANDLING.!THE!SUPPORT!SYSTEM!DIFFERS!FROM!FULL!AUTOMATIC!CONTROL!SYSTEM.!THE!SUPPORT!SYSTEM! IS!TO!ACCOMPLISH!SAFETY!SHIP!HANDLING!BY!SHARING!THE! FUNCTION! AND! SMOOTHLY! INTEGRATING! THE! OPERATOR! AND! THE! SYSTEM.! WHEN!INTRODUCED! THE! SUPPORT! SYSTEM! IN! SHIP! OPERATING,! THE! FINAL! DECISIONS!MAKING!WILL! BE!MADE! BY! THE! OPERATOR.! THE! PURPOSE! TO! DEVELOP! A! SUPPORT! SYSTEM! IS! TO! ACCOMPLISH!NECESSARY! TASK! IN! THE! LIMIT!OF! INFORMATION! PROCESSING! COMPETENCY!OF! THE!HUMAN,! AN!OPERATOR! CAN! ACHIEVE! REQUIRED! TASK! SURELY.! THEN! THE! SYSTEM,! BY! REDUCING! THE!WORKLOADS!OF!HUMAN!OPERATOR,!CARRY!OUT!ANY!PROCESSING!THAT!IS!EXCEED!THE!OPERATOR'S!COMPETENCY,! THUS! ENHANCE! THE! SAFETY! AND! TIMEXEFFICIENCY! OF! SHIP! OPERATION.IN! THIS!STUDY,!FIRSTLY!WE!DISCUSS!A!CONCEPT!OF!THE!SUPPORT!SYSTEM!DEVELOPMENT.!THEN,!WE!GRASP!THE! CHARACTERISTIC! OF! A! SHIP! OPERATOR!WHO! BERTHING!MANOEUVRE! USING! SHIP! HANDLING!SIMULATOR,!IN!ORDER!TO!DECIDE!THE!NECESSARY!FUNCTION!OF!THE!SUPPORT!SYSTEM!AND!SHOW!A!GROUND!CLEARLY.!FINALLY,!WE!DESCRIBE!THE!SUPPORT!SYSTEM!WHICH!WE!DESIGNED!BASED!ON!HUMAN!CHARACTERISTIC.!!! !

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1.3.1!!!LONGITUDINALLY!DIRECTED!BANK!EFFECTS!!!Evert!Lataire,!Ghent!University,!Belgium.!!Marc!Vantorre,!Ghent!University,!Belgium.!!Guillaume!Delefortrie,!Flanders!Hydraulics!Research,!Belgium.!!!IN! CONFINED! WATERWAYS,! THE! WATER! DISPLACED! BY! A! SHIP! IS! SQUEEZED! BOTH! UNDER! AND!ALONG!THE!HULL.!THE!RESULTING!PRESSURE!DISTRIBUTION!ON!THE!HULL!CAUSES!A!COMBINATION!OF!FORCES!AND!MOMENTS!ON!THE!VESSEL.! IF!THE!PRESENCE!OF!ONE!OR!MORE!BANKS!GENERATE!EXTRA!HYDRODYNAMIC! PRESSURES,! THIS! COMBINATION!OF! FORCES!AND!MOMENT! IS! KNOWN!AS!BANK!EFFECTS.!BASED!UPON!THE!MODEL!TESTS!CARRIED!OUT! IN!THE!FULLY!AUTOMATED!TOWING!TANK!FOR!MANOEUVRES! IN! SHALLOW!WATER! (COOPERATION!FLANDERS!HYDRAULICS!RESEARCH! X!GHENT! UNIVERSITY,! AT! FLANDERS! HYDRAULICS! RESEARCH! IN! ANTWERP,! BELGIUM),! A!MATHEMATICAL!MODEL!FOR!THE!INCREASED!RESISTANCE!BECAUSE!OF!THE!PRESENCE!OF!BANKS!IS!PROPOSED.! THE! INCREASE! IN!RESISTANCE! IS!NOT!ONLY!CAUSED!BY!A!MORE!CONFINED!BLOCKAGE!RATIO! BUT! ALSO! BY! THE! RELATIVE! LATERAL! POSITION! OF! THE! SHIP! IN! THE! CROSS! SECTION.! THE!PROPOSED! MATHEMATICAL! MODEL! TAKES! INTO! ACCOUNT! THE! SHAPE! OF! THE! CROSS! SECTION!WITHOUT!OVERESTIMATING!THE!INFLUENCE!OF!THE!BATHYMETRY!AT!A!LARGER!DISTANCE,!NOR!BY!UNDERESTIMATING!THE!IMPACT!OF!THE!BATHYMETRY!CLOSER!TO!THE!VESSEL.!THIS!IS!OBTAINED!BY!DEFINING!AN! EQUIVALENT! BLOCKAGE,! AS!WELL! AS! A! TUCK!NUMBER! THAT! TAKES! INTO! ACCOUNT!THE!INCREASED!RETURN!FLOW!ALONG!A!SHIP!IN!CONFINED!WATERS.!!!

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1.3.2!!!CHANNEL!WIDTH!EFFECTS!ON!BERTHED!SHIP!–!PASSING!SHIP!INTERACTION!FROM!EXPERIMENTS!AND!CFD!PREDICTIONS!!!Shaun!P!Denehy,!Australian!Maritime!College,!Australia.!Jonathan!T!Duffy,!Australian!Maritime!College,!Australia.!Martin!R!Renilson,!Higher!Colleges!of!Technology,!UAE.!Dev!Ranmuthugala,!Australian!Maritime!College,!Australia.!!!TO!DATE,!MOST!INVESTIGATIONS!INTO!BERTHED!SHIP!X!PASSING!SHIP!INTERACTIONS!HAVE!ASSUMED!THAT! THE! BERTHED! SHIP! IS! IN! RELATIVELY! OPEN! WATER,! ALBEIT! AT! LOW! WATER! DEPTH! TO!DRAUGHT!VALUES,!WITH!ONLY!A!FEW!CASES!REPORTED!WHERE!THE!PRESENCE!OF!THE!WHARF!OR!NEAR! BANK! (ALONGSIDE! THE! BERTHED! SHIP)! IS! CONSIDERED.! THIS! IS! DESPITE! THE! FACT! THAT! IN!MOST!REALISTIC!CASES!THERE!IS!THE!PRESENCE!OF!A!BANK,!OR!OTHER!STRUCTURE,!ALONGSIDE!THE!BERTHED!SHIP.!!!THIS! PAPER! PRESENTS! RESULTS! FROM! A! SERIES! OF! PHYSICAL! SCALE! MODEL! EXPERIMENTS! ON!BERTHED! SHIP! X! PASSING! SHIP! INTERACTION! FOR! CASES! IN! A! RECTANGULAR! CHANNEL.! TWO!CHANNELS!WIDTHS!WERE!TESTED,!ONE!TO!REPRESENT!WIDE!CHANNEL,!WHERE!THE!EFFECTS!OF!THE!!!

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!LATERAL! BANKS! ARE! NEGLIGIBLE,! AND! ONE! TO! REPRESENT! A! NARROW! CHANNEL,! WHERE! THE!EFFECT!OF!THE!LATERAL!BANKS!ARE!SIGNIFICANT.!THE!PHYSICAL!SCALE!MODEL!EXPERIMENTS!WERE!ALSO!USED!TO!VALIDATE!PRELIMINARY!CFD!PREDICTIONS!USING!AN!INVISCID!DOUBLE!BODY!MODEL!TO! DETERMINE! THE! ABILITY! OF! THE! CFD! MODEL! TO! PREDICT! THE! INTERACTION! FORCES! AND!MOMENTS!IN!THE!WIDE!AND!NARROW!CHANNELS.!!!THE! INTERACTION! FORCES! AND! MOMENTS! FROM! THE! EXPERIMENTAL! AND! CFD! RESULTS! WERE!SCALED! TO! REPRESENT! FULL! SCALE! VESSELS! AND! USED! AS! INPUT! TO! A! NUMERICAL! SIMULATION!SOFTWARE! PACKAGE! TO! PREDICT! THE! MOTIONS! AND! MOORING! LOADS! EXPERIENCED! BY! THE!BERTHED!SHIP!DUE!TO!A!PASSING!SHIP!FOR!A!SELECTED!MOORING!ARRANGEMENT.!!!THE! RESULTS! DEMONSTRATE! THAT! A! NARROW! CHANNEL! CAN! SIGNIFICANTLY! INFLUENCE! THE!INTERACTION! FORCES! AND! MOMENTS! AND! HENCE! CAN! CONSIDERABLY! MODIFY! THE! PREDICTED!MOTION!AND!MOORING!LOADS!ON!THE!BERTHED!SHIP.!IT!IS!SHOWN!THAT!THE!INFLUENCE!OF!SITEXSPECIFIC!BLOCKAGE!AROUND!BERTHED!SHIPS!DUE!TO!THE!NEAR!BANK!SHOULD!BE!ACCOUNTED!FOR!IN!ORDER!TO!ACCURATELY!PREDICT!THE!INFLUENCE!OF!A!PASSING!SHIP!ON!A!BERTHED!SHIP!WHEN!DESIGNING!A!PORT!TO!ENSURE!SAFE!AND!EFFICIENT!OPERATIONS.!!!

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1.3.3!!!EXPERIMENTAL!STUDY!OF!INTERACTION!FORCES!ACTING!ON!SHIP!HULL!BY!BANK!EFFECT!!!Yoshitaka!Furukawa,!Department!of!Marine!Systems!Engineering,!Kyushu!University,!Japan.!Hiroshi!Ibaragi,!Department!of!Marine!Systems!Engineering,!Kyushu!University,!Japan.!!Yasuaki!Nakiri,!Department!of!Marine!Systems!Engineering,!Kyushu!University,!Japan.!Katsuro!Kijima,!Emeritus!Professor,!Kyushu!University,!Japan.!!!IN!ORDER!TO!NAVIGATE!A!SHIP!SAFELY!WHEN!THE!SHIP!SAILS!NEAR!THE!SIDE!WALL!OF!A!NARROW!WATERWAY!OR!A!CANAL,!THE!UNDERSTANDING!OF!HYDRODYNAMIC!INTERACTION!FORCES!ACTING!ON!A!SHIP!HULL!IS!NECESSARY.!IN!THE!PREVIOUS!PAPER,!THE!AUTHORS!MEASURED!HYDRODYNAMIC!INTERACTION! FORCES! ACTING! ON! A! SHIP! HULL! SAILING! IN! A! NARROW! WATERWAY! USING! TWO!TYPES! OF! CARGO! SHIP!MODELS! (A! COAL! CARRIER! AND! A! CARGO! CARRIER)! AND! PROPOSED! BRIEF!EMPIRICAL! FORMULAE! FOR! ESTIMATING! BANK! EFFECT.! HOWEVER,! THE! BLOCK! COEFFICIENTS! OF!BOTH!MODEL!SHIPS!COULD!NOT!BE!DISCLOSED!AND!THE!QUANTITATIVE!ACCURACY!OF!CALCULATED!RESULTS!WAS!NOT!ENOUGH!WHEN!THE!SHIPS!WERE!VERY!CLOSE!TO!A!SIDE!WALL.! IN!THIS!PAPER,!THE!AUTHORS!CARRIED!OUT!CAPTIVE!MODEL!TESTS!USING!THE!MODEL!SHIPS!OF!KCS!AND!KVLCC2!IN!SHALLOW!AND!NARROW!WATERWAY!CONDITIONS!WITH!PARAMETERS!SUCH!AS!WATER!DEPTH,!THE!WIDTH! OF! WATERWAY,! SEPARATION! FROM! A! SIDE! WALL! AND! DRIFT! ANGLE.! BASED! ON! THE!ANALYSIS!OF!THE!MEASURED!HYDRODYNAMIC!INTERACTION!FORCES,!THE!AUTHORS!PROPOSE!BRIEF!MATHEMATICAL!MODELS!FOR!ESTIMATING!THE!HYDRODYNAMIC!INTERACTION!FORCES!BY!THE!BANK!EFFECT.!THE!MATHEMATIC!AL!MODELS!WOULD!BE!USEFUL!FOR!SIMULATING!SHIP!MANOEUVRING!IN!A!NARROW!WATERWAY.!!! !

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1.3.4!!!INNOVATIVE!SIMULATION!TOOLS!FOR!LEARNING!&!TEACHING!SHIPS!DYNAMIC!AND!INVESTIGATION!OF!MANOEUVRING!CAPABILITIES!!!!Knud!Benedict,!Department!of!Maritime!Studies!Warnemuende!/!Institute!ISSIMS,!Hochschule!Wismar,!University!of!Applied!Sciences!–!Technology,!Business!and!Design,!Germany.!!M.!Gluch,!M.!Kirchhoff,!M.!Schaub,!S.!Fischer,!Department!of!Maritime!Studies!Warnemuende!/!Institute!ISSIMS,!Hochschule!Wismar,!University!of!Applied!Sciences!–!Technology,!Business!and!Design,!Germany.!!Michael!Baldauf,!World!Maritime!University,!Malmoe!/!Sweden!!!FAST! TIME! SIMULATION! WAS! DEVELOPED! TO! SIMULATE! THE! SHIPS! MOTION! WITH! COMPLEX!DYNAMIC!MODELS.!THIS! “SIMULATION!AUGMENTED!MANOEUVRING!DESIGN!AND!MONITORING”! X!SAMMON! TOOL! BOX! ALLOW! FOR! A! NEW! TYPE! OF! DESIGN! OF! A! MANOEUVRING! PLAN! AS!ENHANCEMENT!OF!THE!COMMON!PURE!WAY!POINT!PLANNING!AND!AN!UNMATCHED!MONITORING!OF! SHIP! HANDLING! PROCESSES! WITH! MULTIPLE! PREDICTION! OF! THE! FUTURE! SHIPS! MOTION! TO!FOLLOW!THE!UNDERLYING!MANOEUVRING!PLAN.!THIS!SAMMON!TOOL!BOX!IS!NOT!ONLY!INTENDED!TO! BE! USED! ON! BOARD! OF! REAL! SHIPS! BUT! IS! ALSO! AN! EFFECTIVE! TOOL! FOR! LECTURING! AND!DEMONSTRATION!OF!SHIPS!MOTION!CHARACTERISTIC!AS!WELL!AS!FOR!TRAINING!IN!SHIP!HANDLING!SIMULATORS!BECAUSE!THE!TRAINEE!CAN! IMMEDIATELY!SEE!THE!RESULT!OF!THE!ACTUAL!RUDDER,!ENGINE!OR!THRUSTER!COMMANDS.!IT!IS!ALSO!AN!EXCELLENT!TOOL!TO!DEMONSTRATE!THE!EFFECT!OF! ALTERNATIVE!MANOEUVRING! EQUIPMENT! E.G.! TO!DEMONSTRATE! THE! ADVANTAGES!OF! HIGH!LIFT!RUDDERS!IN!COMPARISON!TO!STANDARD!RUDDERS.!!!

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1.3.5!!!MODELLING!OF!SHIPS!FOR!SIMULATOR!TRAINING!&!RESEARCH!AND!SIMULATION\AUGMENTED!MANOEUVRING!SUPPORT!ON!BOARD!AND!FROM!THE!SHORE!!!M.!Schaub,!Department!of!Maritime!Studies!Warnemuende!/!Institute!ISSIMS,!Hochschule!Wismar,!University!of!Applied!Sciences!–!Technology,!Business!and!Design,!Germany.!K.!Benedict,!M.!Gluch,!G.!Milbradt,!G.!Tuschling,!Department!of!Maritime!Studies!Warnemuende!/!Institute!ISSIMS,!Hochschule!Wismar,!University!of!Applied!Sciences!–!Technology,!Business!and!Design,!Germany.!M.!Kirchhoff,!ISSIMS!GmbH,!Rostock,!Germany!!!SUCCESSFUL! TRAINING! IN! SHIP! HANDLING! SIMULATORS! AND! NEW! METHODS! FOR! SIMULATION!AUGMENTED!MANOEUVRING!OPERATION!ON!BOARD!SHIPS!REQUIRES!VERY!ACCURATE!AND!WELL!PARAMETERISED!SHIP!MODELS.!SUCH!MODELS!ARE!BASED!ON!THE!EQUATIONS!OF!MOTION,!MAINLY!WITH!3!DEGREES!OR!UP!TO!SIX!DEGREES!OF!FREEDOM.!USUALLY,!THE!SHIPXSPECIFIC!COEFFICIENTS!ARE! FOUND! AS! BASIC! APPROACH! BY! SEMI! X! EMPIRICAL!METHODS! TO! BE! FURTHER! IMPROVED! BY!!!

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!MANUAL!(FINE)!TUNING!IN!ORDER!TO!BE!ADAPTED!TO!THE!CHARACTERISTIC!OF!THE!REAL!SHIP.! IN!REAL! TIME! THIS! TUNING! METHOD! TAKES! UP! TO! WEEKS! OR! MONTHS! TO! BE! ACCOMPLISHED!SATISFACTORILY! CLOSE! TO! THE! REAL! SHIP! BEHAVIOUR.! A! NEW!APPROACH! ENABLES! THE!USER! TO!CALCULATE! MANOEUVRES! AND! MANOEUVRE! SEQUENCES! BY! MEANS! OF! FASTXTIME! SIMULATION!(FTS).!THE!FTS!TECHNOLOGY!CALCULATES!A!SHIP'S!MANOEUVRE!OF!MORE!THAN!1000!S!REAL!TIME!WITHIN! ONLY! ONE! SECOND.! A! METHOD! FOR! EXTREMELY! NONXLINEAR! MODELS! HAS! BEEN!DEVELOPED!SURVEYING!SEVERAL!MANOEUVRES!AT!THE!SAME!TIME!WHILE!TUNING.!AS!A!REFERENCE!FOR! EVALUATION! THE! USER! IS! FREE! TO! COMPARE! THE! SIMULATION! RESULTS! WITH! DISCRETE!MANOEUVRE!CHARACTERISTICS!OR!CONTINUOUS!MEASUREMENTS!OF!THE!REAL!SHIP!DURING!THESE!MANOEUVRES.! APART! FROM!THE!MANUAL! TUNING!A! STEPWISE!NUMERIC!AND! SEMIXAUTOMATIC!APPROACH!WAS! IMPLEMENTED.! FINALLY! THE! APPLICATION! OF! THE! RESULTS! IN! SOME! RESEARCH!PROJECTS!WILL!BE!SHOWN,!E.G.!FOR!THE!EUXPROJECT!FAROS.!!!

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1.3.6!!!SIMULATION!IN!THE!TRAINING!FOR!PILOTS!AND!TUGBOAT!CAPTAINS!IN!THE!EXPANDED!PANAMA!CANAL!!!Capt.!Francisco!Tejada,!Panama!Canal!Authority!!!!THE! REPUBLIC! OF! PANAMA! IS! FACING! ONE! OF! ITS! MAJOR! CHALLENGES,! THE! PANAMA! CANAL!EXPANSION.!!THIS!PROJECT!CONSISTS!OF:!��THE!BUILDING!OF!TWO!NEW!SETS!OF!LOCKS;!ONE!ON!THE!PACIFIC!SIDE!AND!ONE!ON!THE!ATLANTIC!SIDE!��THE!EXCAVATION!OF!NEW!NAVIGATIONAL!CHANNELS!��THE!WIDENING!AND!DEEPENING!OF!THE!EXISTING!NAVIGATIONAL!CHANNELS!!THIS! EXPANSION! WOULD! ALSO! BRING! NEW! OPERATIONAL! CHALLENGES.! CURRENTLY,! THE!LOCOMOTIVES!ARE!USED!TO!KEEP!THE!VESSEL! IN!THE!MIDDLE!OF!THE!CHAMBER.!THE!NEW!LOCKS!WILL!NOT!UTILIZE! LOCOMOTIVES.! THE!VESSEL!WILL!BE!POSITIONED! INSIDE!THE! LOCK!EXCLUSIVELY!USING!TUGBOATS.!!ANOTHER!NEW!FEATURE!WILL!BE!THE!HANDLING!OF!ULTRA!LARGE!VESSELS!THAT!ARE!THREE!TIMES!LARGER!THAN!THE!PANAMAX!VESSEL!CURRENTLY!HANDLED!TODAY.!PILOTS!AND!TUGBOAT!CAPTAINS!WILL!BE!RETRAINED!IN!ORDER!TO!ENSURE!A!SAFE!AND!EFFICIENT!OPERATION.!!THE!PANAMA!CANAL!TRAINING!UNIT! (SIDMAR)! IS! RESPONSIBLE! FOR!THIS! TRAINING.! IN!ORDER!TO!ACCOMPLISH!THIS!MISSION,!SIDMAR!HAS!DESIGNED!THREE!COMPLEMENTARY!!! !

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1.4.1!!!OPTIMISING!DEPLOYMENT!OF!SELF\PROPELLED!JACK\UP!VESSELS!!!Jacob!Michelsen,!Ph.D.,!FORCE!Technology,!Denmark!Ole!Lindberg,!Ph.D.,!FORCE!Technology,!Denmark!Michael!Jeppesen,!Ph.D.,!FORCE!Technology,!Denmark!Jan!E.!Kofoed,!Ph.D.,!FORCE!Technology,!Denmark!John!Koch!Nielsen,!M.Sc.,!FORCE!Technology,!Denmark!Ole!Vilmann,!Ph.D.,!FORCE!Technology,!Denmark!!Michael!Macdonald!Arnskov,!M.Sc.,!FORCE!Technology,!Denmark!!!SELFXPROPELLED! JACKXUP! VESSELS! PROVIDE! VERY! EFFICIENT! PLATFORMS! FOR! MANY! OFFSHORE!OPERATIONS.! IN! THIS! CONTEXT,!MODELS! HAVE! BEEN! DEVELOPED!WHICH! ENABLE! THE! COMPLETE!SEQUENCE!FROM!ARRIVING!ON!SITE,!POSITIONING!AND!JACKING!TO!BE!SIMULATED!IN!REALXTIME.!!!JACKXUP!VESSELS!ARE,!DURING!LEG!DEPLOYMENT,!CHARACTERIZED!BY!UNDERGOING!CONSIDERABLE!CHANGES! IN! THEIR!MOTIONAL! BEHAVIOUR,! STABILITY! AND!OFTEN! ALSO! THE! EFFECTIVENESS! AND!LIMITATIONS!OF! THEIR!MANOEUVRING!DEVICES,! THUS!AFFECTING! THE! PERFORMANCE!OF! THE!DP!SYSTEM.!!!LIKEWISE,!THE!ENVIRONMENTAL!LOADS!UNDERGO!A!CONSIDERABLE!REDISTRIBUTION.!THE!LARGEST!FORCE!ON!THE!VESSEL! IS!THE!HYDROSTATIC!FORCE.!A!NEW!HYDROSTATIC!CALCULATION!HAS!BEEN!IMPLEMENTED!TO!ENSURE!ACCURATE!CALCULATION!OF!THE!HYDROSTATIC!LOAD!WHILE!THE!VESSEL!IS!LIFTED!OUT!OF!THE!WATER.!!!CORRECT!MODELLING!OF!THE!SEABED!BEARING!CAPACITY!IS!ESSENTIAL!BUT!ALSO!ONE!OF!THE!MORE!COMPLICATED!AND!INHERENTLY!NONXLINEAR!ISSUES.!THE!MODEL!ASSUMES!EQUILIBRIUM!BETWEEN!BEARING! CAPACITY! AND! THE! LOAD! CARRIED! BY! THE! LEGS/SPUDCANS,!WHERE! THE! LATTER! ARE! A!COMBINATION!OF!ENVIRONMENTAL,!MASS!AND!BUOYANCYXINDUCED!LOADS.!!!TO!ILLUSTRATE!THE!NEW!JACKING!FACILITIES!TWO!CASES!ARE!COMPARED!WHERE!THE!SOIL!BEARING!CAPACITY!IS:!A)!LINEAR!AND!B)!NONXLINEAR,!CORRESPONDING!TO!A!SEABED!WITH!A)!UNIFORM!AND!B)!LAYERED!SOIL.!!!THESE! NEW! FEATURES! ENABLE! OFFSHORE! OPERATIONS! TO! BE! CARRIED! OUT! BOTH! MORE!EFFICIENTLY! AND! SAFELY! AS! THE! PRACTICAL! ASPECTS! CAN! BE! ADDRESSED! PRIOR! TO! ACTUALLY!CARRYING!OUT!THE!OPERATION.!!! !

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1.4.2!!!INSTATIONARY!CAPTIVE!MODEL!TESTS!!!Rink!Hallmann,!Maritime!Research!Institute!(MARIN),!Netherlands.!Frans!Quadvlieg,!Maritime!Research!Institute!(MARIN),!Netherlands.!!!THE!SEAKEEPING!AND!MANOEUVRING!BASIN!OF!MARIN!MEASURES!170!M!X!40!M!X!5!M!AND!IS!EQUIPPED!WITH!AN!XXY!CARRIAGE!AND!TURNTABLE.!THE!MOVEMENTS!OF!THE!CARRIAGE!ARE!INDIVIDUALLY!CONTROLLED!AND!CIRCULAR!MOTIONS,!OSCILLATIONS!AND!USER!DEFINED!PATHS!CAN! BE! FOLLOWED.! THE! DIMENSIONS! OF! THE! BAS! IN! AND! THE! FLEXIBILITY! OF! THE! USER!DEFINED!PATHS!MAKE! IT! POSSIBLE! TO! PERFORM!A!WIDE!VARIETY!OF! CAPTIVE!MODEL! TESTS.!ONE! PATH! CAN! INCLUDE! MULTIPLE! SPEEDS,! DRIFT! ANGLES! AND! ROTATION! RATES.!ALTERNATIVELY,!A!WHOLE!RANGE!OF!CONDITIONS!CAN!BE!TESTED!BY!ADJUSTING!A!PARAMETER!CONTINUOUSLY.! THIS! WAY,! MULTIPLE! PMM! OSCILLATIONS! CAN! FOR! EXAMPLE! BE! REPLACED!WITH! ONE! SPIRAL! OR! 8! SHAPED! TRACK! IN! WHICH! A! WIDE! RANGE! OF! ROTATION! RATES! IS!TESTED.!!!A! MODEL! OF! THE! 5415! US! COMBATANT! IS! USED! TO! INVESTIGATE! THE! FULL! CAPABILITY! OF!CAPTIVE!TESTS! IN!THE!SEAKEEPING!AND!MANOEUVRING!BASIN.! IN!ADDITION,!REGULAR!PMM!AND! CMT!MODEL! TESTS! HAVE! BEEN! EXECUTED!WITH! THE! SAME!MODEL! AND! IN! THE! SAME!CONFIGURATION!TO!MAKE!A!ONEXONXONE!COMPARISON.!A!GOOD!AGREEMENT! IS!OBSERVED!BETWEEN! ALL! TYPES! OF! TESTS! AND! CONSEQUENTLY! THE! STATIONARY! TESTS! ARE! AN!INTERESTING!ALTERNATIVE.!!!THIS! METHOD! PROVIDES! MARIN! WITH! AN! EFFICIENT! WAY! TO! OBTAINED! ALMOST! FULL!KNOWLEDGE!OF!THE!HYDRO!DYNAMICAL!FORCES!ON!A!VESSEL!WHICH!CAN!BE!USED!TO!DEFINE!A! MATHEMATICAL! MODEL.! SUCH! A! MATHEMATICAL! MODEL! CAN! BE! USED! TO! PERFORM!SIMULATIONS!OF!ZIGZAG!AND!TURNING!CIRCLE!MANOEUVRES!OR!SIMULATIONS!IN!A!FAST!TIME!OR!REAL!TIME!(FULL!MISSION!BRIDGE)!SIMULATOR.!!!

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1.4.3!!!MODELING!AND!SIMULATION!OF!AZIMUTH!STERN!DRIVE!TUG!IN!SHIPHANDLING!SIMULATOR!!!Junsheng!Ren,!Dalian!Maritime!University,!China.!Xiufeng! Zhang,!Dalian!Maritime!University,!China.!Huwei!Huo,! Tianjin!Maritime!Safety!Administration,!China.!!!TUG! PLAYS! AN! IMPORTANT! PART! IN! ASSISTING! OTHER! SHIPS! IN! MODERN! HARBOURS.! IT! IS!NECESSARY! FOR! FULLXMISSION! SHIP! HANDLING! SIMULATOR! TO! INCORPORATE! INTERACTIVE!TUG! MODEL! TO! IMPROVE! PERSONNEL! TRAINING.! THIS! PAPER! ADDRESSES! THE! HORIZONTAL!MOTION! MODEL! OF! AZIMUTH! STERN! DRIVE! (ASD)! TUG! WITH! DUCTED! PROPELLER! FOR!!!

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!DEVELOPING! SIMULATOR! V.! DRAGON! 3000A.! MATHEMATICAL! MODEL! IS! PRESENTED! FOR!MANOEUVRING! MOTION! OF! ASD! TUG,! DELTA! LINDA,! AT! THE! DESIGN! SPEED.! EFFECTIVE!SCHEMES!ARE!DETAILED! FOR! THE! COMPONENTS!OF! THE! FORCES!AND!MOMENTS.! PRACTICAL!FORMULAS!ARE!PROPOSED!FOR!THE!CALCULATIONS!OF!RESISTANCE!AND!THRUST.! PRISMATIC!COEFFICIENT! IS! AN! IMPORTANT! PARAMETER! FOR! RESIDUAL! RESISTANCE.! PRISMATIC!COEFFICIENT! IS! OBTAINED! BY! USE! OF! SHIP! POWER! SOFTWARE.! SIMULATION! RESEARCHES! OF!TYPICAL! TESTS,! INCLUDING! SPIRAL! TEST,! ZIGZAG! TEST! AND! TURNING! TEST,! ARE! CONDUCTED,!BASED!ON!INXHOUSE!SOFTWARE,!MODELLER.!THE!PROPOSED!ASD!TUG!MODEL!IS!SATISFACTORY!AND! REASONABLE,! IN! COMPARISON! WITH! EXPERIMENTAL! DATABASE! PROVIDED! BY! DANISH!MARITIME!INSTITUTE.!!!

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1.4.4!!!MODEL!COURSE!ON!TRAINING!FOR!INSTRUCTOR!USING!SHIP\HANDLING!SIMULATOR!!!!Prof.!E.!Dr.!Hiroaki!Kobayashi!,!Tokyo!Univ.!of!Marine!Science!and!Technology!,!Japan!!!AUTHORS!PRESENTED!THE!PAPER!ENTITLED!“ADVANCED!BTM!TRAINING!BEYOND!REVISED!STCW!IN!2010”![1]!AT!THE!PREVIOUS!THIS!CONFERENCE!THAT!IS!MARSIM2012!IN!SINGAPORE.!THIS!TRAINING!COURSE!HAS!BECOME!“MODEL!COURSE!ON!TRAINING!ON!BTM!AND!BRM”![2]!CERTIFIED!BY!CLASS!NK!(INTERNATIONAL!MARITIME!CLASSIFICATION!SOCIETY!NIPPON!KAIJI!KYOUKAI).!THIS!NEW!TRAINING!COURSE! ADAPTS! THE! REQUIREMENTS! OF!MAJOR! SHIPPING! COMPANIES! AND! CARGO! OWNERS! AS!THE!ADVANCED!TRAINING!COURSE!ON!BTM!AND!BRM!BEYOND!REVISED!STCW!REQUIREMENTS.!!!IT! IS! COMMON!UNDERSTANDING! THAT! THE! EFFECTIVENESS! AND! EFFICIENCY! OF! THE! TRAINING! IS!STRONGLY! RELATING! TO! THE! INSTRUCTOR’S! COMPETENCIES! AND! BEHAVIOUR! IN! THE! TRAINING!SITUATION.!!!SO,!WE!HAVE!DEVELOPED!THE! “MODEL!COURSE!ON!TRAINING! FOR!THE! INSTRUCTOR!USING! SHIPXHANDLING!SIMULATOR”!FOR!REALIZING!THE!EFFECTIVE!TRAININGS.!IN!THIS!PAPER,!THE!FOLLOWING!FACTORS!THE!PROPOSED!MODEL!COURSE!CONTAINS!ARE!INTRODUCED.!!!1.!METHOD!TO!DEVELOP!THE!TRAINING!COURSE!!2.!METHOD!TO!DEVELOP!THE!TEXT!BOOK!IN!THE!COURSE!!3.!METHOD!TO!DEVELOP!THE!TRAINING!SCENARIOS!!4.!METHOD!TO!ACHIEVE!REASONABLE!SYSTEM!TO!ASSESS!THE!COMPETENCIES!!5.!METHOD!TO!ATTAIN!THE!EFFECTIVE!DEXBRIEFING!!6.!METHOD!TO!EXECUTE!THE!EFFECTIVE!EXERCISE!USING!SIMULATOR!!7.!METHOD!TO!MAKE!EFFECTIVE!LECTURE!AND!EXERCISE!IN!THE!CLASS!ROOM!!!! !

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1.4.5!!!EVALUATION!METHOD!OF!TRAINING!SCENARIO!FOR!SHIP!MANOEUVRING!SIMULATOR!EXERCISE!IN!BRM!TRAINING!!!!Michio!FUJII,!Marine!Technical!College,! JAPAN!Kenji!ASAKI,!Marine!Technical!College,!JAPAN!Masataka! KUBONO,!Marine! Technical! College,! JAPAN!Toshiki!HAMADA,!Marine! Technical! College,! JAPAN!!!TO! IMPLEMENT! EFFECTIVE! TRAINING! USING! A! SHIP! MANOEUVRING! SIMULATOR,! THE!DESIGNING! AND! EVALUATION! METHOD! OF! A! SIMULATION! SCENARIO! AND! THE! DESIGNING!FRAMEWORK! BY! THE! METHOD! ARE! PROPOSED! FOR! BRM! TRAINING.! IN! THE! METHOD,! NEW!CRITERIA,!“THREAT!LEVEL”!AND!“FE!LEVEL”!,!ARE!INTRODUCED!TO!EXTERNALIZE!THE!CONTENTS!AND!THE!DIFFICULTY!OF!A! SCENARIO.! THE! FORMER! IS!DEFINED!BY!REPRESENTING!BOTH!RISK!AND!TRAINEE’S!STRESS!LEVEL;!THE!LATER!REPRESENTS!THE! IMPORTANCE!OF!REQUISITE!SKILLS!TO!PREVENT!ERRORS.!BY!VISUALIZING!THE!LEVELS!ON!A!CHART,!THE!FEATURE!OF!A!SCENARIO!CAN!BE!SIMPLY!UNDERSTOOD;!THE!RELATION!BETWEEN!TRAINING!EFFECT!AND!A!SIMULATION!SCENARIO! CAN! BE! DISCUSSED! IN! DETAIL.! FURTHERMORE,! THE! AUTHORS! DESCRIBE! THE!PROPOSED!METHOD!CAN!BE!APPLIED!TO!A!SHIP!MANOEUVRING!SIMULATOR!EXERCISE!AS!WELL!AS!BRM!TRAINING.!!!

!


1.4.6!!!KEY!PERFORMANCE!INDICATORS!FOR!ASSESSING!SIMULATOR!TASK!SCENARIOS!!!Anton!Voytkevich,! Novikontas!Maritime! College,! Latvia.!Aleksejs! Bogdanecs,! Novikontas!Maritime! College,! Latvia.!Manuel! Fernandez,!University!of! Latvia,! Latvia.!!!WHAT! ARE! THE! KEY! ELEMENTS! OF! EFFECTIVE! SIMULATOR! TASK! SCENARIO?! THE!MANUFACTURES! CAN! CONTINUOUSLY! UPGRADE! SIMULATORS! MAKING! THEM! MORE!REALISTIC! AND! GORGEOUS,! BUT! IT! WILL! NOT! GUARANTEE! SUCCESS! IN! MARITIME!EDUCATION! AND! TRAINING.! THE! OBJECTIVE! OF! THIS! RESEARCH! IS! TO! CONTRIBUTE! TO! THE!IMPROVEMENT!OF!SIMULATION!TRAINING,!USING!IN!AN!APPROPRIATE!WAY!BOTH!PARTS!OF!SIMULATION!–!PERCEPTIONAL!AND!TECHNICAL.!A!REALISTIC!TASK!SCENARIO!SHOULD!CREATE!A! VIRTUAL! ENVIRONMENT! THAT! PUT! PARTICIPANTS! IN! SIMULATION! TRAINING! IN! CONTACT!WITH!REAL!PROBLEMS!TO!BE! SOLVED.!DURING!THIS! STUDY,!WE!ARE!PLANNING!TO!PREPARE!A! VALID! AND! RELIABLE! INSTRUMENT! THAT! WILL! GUIDE! PROFESSIONAL! IN! THE! TASK! OF!IMPROVING! SIMULATOR! TASK! SCENARIOS,! ASSESSING! THE! LEVEL! OF! CLOSENESS! TO! REAL!SITUATIONS! AND! ITS! EFFICIENCY! FOR! DEVELOPING! TRAINEES’! (SEAFARERS’)! COMPETENCE!DEVELOPMENT.!!! !

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2.1.1!!!CALCULATIONS!OF!MANOEUVRING!PERFORMANCE!OF!SHIPS!USING!ADAPTIVE!GRID!REFINEMENT!WITH!AN!OVERSET!GRID!METHOD!!!Yuji!Arai,!Sumitomo!Heavy!Industries!Marine!&!Engineering!Co.,!Ltd.,!Japan!Takanori!Hino,!Yokohama!National!University,!Japan!!!IN!THE!PRESENT!PAPER,!CFD! (COMPUTATIONAL!FLUID!DYNAMICS)! SIMULATION!WITH!A! SOLUTION!ADAPTIVE! GRID! REFINEMENT! BASED! ON! AN! OVERSET! GRID! METHOD! IS! APPLIED! TO! ANALYZE!VERTICAL!FLOWS!AROUND!A!SHIP!IN!MANOEUVRING!CONDITIONS.!THE!NUMBER!OF!GRID!POINTS!OF!EACH!GRID!BLOCK!USED!IN!AN!OVERSET!GRID!METHOD!IS!DETERMINED!BASED!ON!THE!ANALYSIS!OF!GRID!UNCERTAINTY! FOR! PREDICTING!MANOEUVRING! PERFORMANCE! BY!USING! CFD.! THE! RUDDER!FORCE!TEST!AND!THE!OBLIQUE!TOWING!TEST!ARE!SIMULATED!BY!USING!CFD!AND!THE!INFLUENCE!OF!ADAPTIVE!GRID!REFINEMENT!ON!THE!HYDRODYNAMIC!FORCES! IS!EXAMINED!BY!CFD!CALCULATION!RESULTS.!HYDRODYNAMIC!DERIVATIVES!REQUIRED!FOR!THE!MMG!MODEL!ARE!CALCULATED!FROM!THE!COMPUTED!HYDRODYNAMIC!FORCES.!THE!EFFECT!OF!ADAPTIVE!GRID!REFINEMENT!ON!10°/10°!ZIGXZAG!TEST!WHICH!IS!DISCUSSED!BY!THE!SIMULATION!RESULTS!USING!THE!MMG!MODEL.!!!


2.1.2!THE!EFFECT!OF!COURSE\STABILIZING!FIXED!FINS!ON!MANOEUVRING!PERFORMANCE!OF!A!WATER\JET!PROPELLED!PLANING!BOAT!!!Dong!Jin!Kim,!Korea!Research!Institute!of!Ships!&!Ocean!Engineering,!Republic!of!Korea.!!Sun!Young!Kim,!Korea!Research!Institute!of!Ships!&!Ocean!Engineering,!Republic!of!Korea.!!Nam!Sun!Son,!Korea!Research!Institute!of!Ships!&!Ocean!Engineering,!Republic!of!Korea.!!!PLANING!BOATS!OFTEN!LOSE!COURSEXKEEPING!STABILITY!WHILE!PLANING!AT!HIGH!SPEED.!COURSE!STABILITY! OF! A! PLANING! BOAT! AT! HIGH! SPEED! CAN! BE! IMPROVED! BY! ATTACHING! THE! COURSE!STABILIZING!FIXED!FINS.! IN!THIS!RESEARCH,!COURSEXKEEPING!AND!MANOEUVRING!PERFORMANCE!HAVE!BEEN!INVESTIGATED!FOR!A!HIGH!SPEED!PLANING!BOAT!WITH!SINGLE!WATERXJET!PROPULSION!WHOSE!LENGTH!IS!8.0!METER!AND!WEIGHT!IS!3.0!TON.!A!1/2.35!SCALED!MODEL!IS!USED!FOR!A!FREE!RUNNING! TEST! TO! ESTIMATE! THE! BOAT’S! PERFORMANCE.! THE! EFFECTS! OF! FINS! ON! THE! BOAT’S!COURSEXKEEPING! STABILITY! ARE! INVESTIGATED! THROUGH!COURSEXKEEPING! TESTS! FOR! FINS!WITH!VARIOUS!AREA!AND!ASPECT!RATIO!AT!HIGH!SPEED,!ABOVE!35!KNOTS.!COURSEXKEEPING!STABILITY!IS!IMPROVED! WITH! INCREASING! AREA! OR! ASPECT! RATIO! OF! FINS.! FINS! ALSO! HAVE! SIGNIFICANT!EFFECTS!ON!THE!TURNING!PERFORMANCE!OF!A!PLANING!BOAT.!TURNING!TESTS!ARE!CARRIED!OUT!WITH!VARIOUS!WATERXJET!NOZZLE!ANGLES!AT!THE!SPEED!OF!20!TO!30!KNOTS.! INITIAL!TRANSIENT!AND!STEADY!MOTIONS!IN!TURNING!ARE!COMPARED!WITH!THE!VARIATIONS!OF!FIN!DIMENSIONS.!IN!CASE!OF!HARD!TURNS!FOR!A!BOAT!WITHOUT!FINS,!INITIALLY!ROLL!ANGLE!INCREASES!VERY!RAPIDLY!TOGETHER! WITH! HIGH! YAW! RATE! AND! LARGE! DRIFT! ANGLE.! THIS! SOXCALLED! ‘SIDEXSLIP’! CAN! BE!GREATLY!REDUCED!BY!ADDING!FINS.!IN!ZIGXZAG!TESTS,!THE!EFFECTS!OF!FINS!ON!THE!YAW!CHECKING!ABILITY! OF! A! BOAT! ARE! ANALYZED.! AS! THE! AREA! OR! ASPECT! RATIO! OF! FINS! GET! LARGER,!OVERSHOOT! ANGLES! BECOME! SMALLER! AND! THE! BOAT! HAS! BETTER! COURSEXKEEPING! AND! YAW!CHECKING!ABILITY.!

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2.1.3!!!A!STUDY!ON!CAPTIVE!MANOEUVRING!MODEL!TEST!OF!A!SHIP!AT!LARGE!HEEL!CONDITION!!!Dong!Jin!Yeo,!Korea!Research! Institute!of!Ships!and!Ocean!Engineering,!Rep.!of!Korea.!Yeon\Gyu!Kim,!Korea!Research!Institute!of!Ships!and!Ocean!Engineering,!Rep.!of!Korea.!Kunhang!Yun,!Korea!Research!Institute!of!Ships!and!Ocean!Engineering,!Rep.!of!Korea.!!!IN!GENERAL,!CAPTIVE!MODEL!TESTS!SUCH!AS!HORIZONTAL!PLANAR!MOTION!MECHANISM! (HPMM)!TESTS! ARE! CONDUCTED! TO! ESTIMATE! THE! HYDRODYNAMIC! COEFFICIENTS! OF! THE!MANOEUVRING!EQUATIONS!OF!MOTION.!MANOEUVRING!EQUATIONS!OF!MOTION!ON!A!SHIP!ARE!DESCRIBED!WITH!3XDEGREES!OF!FREEDOM!(DOF),!BUT!4XDOF!MANOEUVRING!EQUATIONS!OF!MOTION!ARE!ALSO!USED!IN!CASE!OF!SMALL!METACENTRIC!HEIGHT!(GM)!OF!THE!SHIP.!IN!THIS!STUDY,!HPMM!CAPTIVE!MODEL!TESTS!WERE!CONDUCTED!TO!ESTIMATE!MANOEUVRING!CHARACTERISTICS!OF!A!SHIP!AT!LARGE!HEEL!CONDITION.! THE! HEEL! EFFECTS! ON! HYDRODYNAMIC! FORCES! AND! MOMENTS! WERE! ANALYZED,!FOCUSED!ON!CASES!AT!LARGE!(>10DEGREES)!HEEL!CONDITIONS.!FURTHERMORE,!QUESTIONS!WHEN!ADOPTING!CONVENTIONAL!HPMM!DEVICE! IN!LARGE!HEEL!ANGLE!CONDITION!ARE!RAISED,!AND!AN!ALTERNATIVE!TO!ENHANCE!THE!CONVENTIONAL!DEVICE!TO!SOLVE!THE!PROBLEMS!IS!SUGGESTED.!!!

!


2.1.4!!!DEVELOPMENT!OF!A!SOFTWARE!TO!IDENTIFY!AND!ANALYSE!MARINE!TRAFFIC!SITUATIONS!!!Fredrik!Olindersson,!Chalmers!University!of!Technology,!Sweden.!Prof.!Carl\Erik!Janson,!Chalmers!University!of!Technology,!Sweden."!!AVOIDING! COLLISIONS! IS! ONE! OF! THE! MAIN! TASKS! FOR! A! DECK! OFFICER! ONBOARD! A! VESSEL.!TRAFFIC!SITUATIONS!WITH!TWO!OR!MORE!VESSELS!ARE!VERY!COMMON!AND!HAS!TO!BE!HANDLED!REGULARLY! AND! ACCORDING! TO! ANTIXCOLLISION! REGULATION! (COLREG).! BY! DEVELOPING! A!SOFTWARE!THAT!USE!AIS!DATA,!IDENTIFY!AND!ANALYSE!TRAFFIC!SITUATIONS,!WE!WOULD!L!IKE!TO!MEASURE!MARINE! TRAFFIC! IN! SPECIFIC! AREAS.! THE! PURPOSE! IS! TO! DEVELOP! THE! TRAINING! AND!!EDUCATION! FOR! NEW! OFFICERS! AND! TO! VALIDATE! INCREASED! SAFETY! IN! AREAS! WITH! NEW!REGULATIONS,! I.E.! NEW! TRAFFIC! SEPARATION! SCHEMES! AND! SEA! TRAFFIC! MANAGEMENT.! THE!SOFTWARE!IDENTIFIES!AND!ANALYSE!TRAFFIC!SITUATIONS!AND!MANOEUVRES!BASED!ON!DIFFERENT!PARAMETERS,!I.E.!BEARINGS,!DISTANCES,!SPEED,!COURSE,!TARGETS!IN!VICINITY!AND!OBSTRUCTIONS!AROUND!THE!VESSEL,!SHOWING!RESULT!FOR!INDIVIDUAL!TRAFFIC!SITUATIONS!AND!FIND!STATISTICS!FOR!THE!AREA!SELECTED.!THE!RESULT! IS!VALIDATED!BY!USE!OF!A!NAVIGATIONAL!SIMULATOR!AND!MEASURES!OF!REAL!TRAFFIC!DATA!FROM!BORNHOLMSGAT.!THE!DEVELOPMENT!OF!THE!SOFTWARE!IS!STILL!IN!PROGRESS.!"

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2.1.5!!!THE!RANGE!OF!LOOKOUT!FOR!ASSESSING!COLLISION!SITUATIONS!!!Akiko!Uchino,!Tokyo!University!of!Marine!Science!and!Technology,!Japan.!!Hiroaki!Kobayashi,!Tokyo!University!of!Marine!Science!and!Technology,!Japan.!!!CURRENTLY,!THERE!ARE!NO!OFFICIAL!INTERNATIONAL!GUIDELINES!FOR!A!CONCRETE!INFORMATION!GATHERING!PROCEDURE!OF!REQUIRED!LOOKOUT! IN!SHIPXHANDLING.!THE!NOTION!OF!“SUFFICIENT!LOOKOUT”! IS! OFTEN! MAINTAINED! FOR! SAFE! NAVIGATION.! HOWEVER,! WHAT! IS! “SUFFICIENT!LOOKOUT”?!!!THE! AVERAGE! MARINERS’! BEHAVIOUR! WHEN! THEY! ACHIEVED! SAFE! NAVIGATION! CAN! BE!CONSIDERED!TO!SHOW!ONE!OF!THE!MOST!RATIONAL!PROCEDURES!THEY!OBTAINED!THROUGH!THEIR!EXPERIENCE! ON! BOARD.! ACCORDINGLY,! THE! AUTHORS! ANALYSE! INFORMATION! GATHERING!BEHAVIOUR! WHICH! AVERAGE! MARINERS! CARRY! OUT! FOR! ENCOUNTERING! VESSELS! WHEN! THEY!ACHIEVED!SAFE!NAVIGATION.!ENCOUNTERING!SITUATIONS!ARE!METHODICALLY!SET!UP!ON!A!FULL!MISSION!SHIPXHANDLING!SIMULATOR.!!!THE!FUNCTION!OF!INFORMATION!GATHERING!IS!TO!SORT!OUT!NECESSARY!PIECES!OF!INFORMATION!FROM! A! COMPLEX! SITUATION! CONSISTING! OF! VARIOUS! FACTORS,! AND! TO! SETTLE! ON! REQUIRED!REACTIONS.! CONSEQUENTLY,! AN! APPROPRIATE! INFORMATION! GATHERING! PROCEDURE! OF!LOOKOUT! IS!ONE!OF!THE!KEY!TECHNIQUES!AS!A!PROFESSIONAL!MARINER.!THEREFORE,!CONCRETE!GUIDELINES! OF! INFORMATION! GATHERING! PROCEDURE! ARE! FOR! THE! BENEFIT! OF! A! LOT! OF!MARITIME!ASPECTS!SUCH!AS!APPROACHES!TO!SAFE!OPERATIONS,!SHIPXHANDLING!TRAINING!AND!ITS!CURRICULUM,!AND!SAFETY!MANAGEMENT!SYSTEMS,!AND!SO!ON.!!!IN!THIS!PAPER,!THE!AUTHORS!FORMULATE!THE!CERTAIN!RANGE!OF!LOOKOUT!FOR!ACHIEVING!SAFE!NAVIGATION!BASED!ON!SUCCESSFUL!BEHAVIOUR!BY!AVERAGE!MARINERS.!!!

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2.1.6!!!A!VERIFICATION!STUDY!OF!A!NEW!TYPE!GUIDANCE!SCHEME!BY!USING!SHIP!HANDLING!SIMULATOR!AND!A!SMALL!BOAT\BASED!EXPERIMENT!!!Sin!Der!Lee,!Department!of!Transportation!Science,!National!Taiwan!Ocean!University,!Taiwan.!Ching!Yaw!Tzeng,!Department!of!Communications,!Navigation!and!Control!Engineering,!National!Taiwan!Ocean!University,!Taiwan.!Young!Zehr!Kehr,!Department!of!Systems!Engineering!and!Naval!Architecture,!National!Taiwan!Ocean!University,!Taiwan.!!!THIS!RESEARCH!WORK!IS!A!VERIFICATION!STUDY!OF!A!NEW!TYPE!GUIDANCE!SCHEME!WHILE!USING!SHIP! HANDLING! SIMULATOR! AND! A! SMALL! FRP! BOAT! AS! THE! TEST! PLATFORM! FOR! THE! PATH!FOLLOWING!MANOEUVRE.! THE! TRADITIONAL! LINEXOFXSIGHT! (LOS)! GUIDANCE!METHOD! HAS! BEEN!!!

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!WIDELY!ADOPTED!IN!VESSEL!NAVIGATION.!THE!TRADITIONAL!AUTOPILOT!SYSTEM!WAS!ONLY!FOCUS!ON!THE!COURSE!KEEPING!MANOEUVRE,!THUS! IT!WILL!CAUSE!SOME!CROSSXTRACK!ERRORS!BY!THE!TRANSVERSE!WIND,! CURRENT! AND!WAVE! DISTURBANCES.! IN! THIS! STUDY! PROPOSES! A! NEW! TYPE!GUIDANCE! METHOD! BASICALLY! MIMICS! THE! COURSE! COMPENSATION! STRATEGY! ADOPTED! BY!EXPERIENCED!MARINERS!AND!PROVIDES!A!PERFORMANCE!IMPROVEMENT!OVER!THE!LOS!AND!MLOS!(MODIFIED! LINEXOFXSIGHT)! GUIDANCE! LAW.! IN! THE! PROPOSED! APPROACH,! THE! REFERENCE!HEADING! INFORMATION! WAS! CALCULATED! BY! THE! GPS! POSITIONING! DATA! AND! WAS! USED! TO!DETERMINE! THE! RUDDER! COMMANDS! TO! STEER! THE! VESSEL! BACK! TO! THE! DESIRED! PATH.! THE!SIMULATOR! IS! AN! IDEA! AND! EFFICIENT! TESTBED! FOR! STUDYING! THE! PERFORMANCES! OF! THE!PROPOSED! GUIDANCE! AND! CONTROL! SCHEME! UNDER! DIFFERENT! OPERATING! CONDITIONS.! THE!FIRST!STEP!OF!THE!VERIFICATION!STUDY!WAS!ADOPTED!THE!SHIPHANDLING!SIMULATOR!AS!A!TEST!PLATFORM! TO! EVALUATE! THE! PERFORMANCE! OF! THE! NEW! TYPE! GUIDANCE!METHOD.! THE! NEXT!STAGE,! THE! FEASIBILITY! OF! THE! AUTOPILOT! SYSTEM! WAS! VERIFIED! BY! PERFORMING! THE! PATH!FOLLOWING! MANOEUVRES! USING! A! SMALL! FRP! BOAT! IN! THE! HARBOUR! ATTACHED! TO! THE!NATIONAL! TAIWAN! OCEAN! UNIVERSITY! (NTOU).! EXPERIMENTAL! STUDIES! INDICATED! THAT!SUCCESSFUL!PATH!FOLLOWING!MANOEUVRES!WERE!ACHIEVED!BY!USING!THE!PROPOSED!THE!NEW!TYPE!GUIDANCE!METHOD.!!!

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2.2.1!!!COMPARATIVE!CALCULATIONS!ON!STEADY!ADVANCING!CONDITIONS!OF!FREE\RUNNING!MODEL!SHIPS!REFLECTING!OPERATION!LIMITS!OF!ENGINES!IN!WAVES.!!!Suzuki!Ryosuke,!National!Maritime!Research!Institute,!Japan.!!Ueno!Michio,!National!Maritime!Research!Institute,!Japan.!!Tsukada!Yoshiaki,!National!Maritime!Research!Institute,!Japan.!!!THE! AUTHORS! HAVE! DEVELOPED! A! EXPERIMENTAL! METHOD,! WHICH! IS! NAMED! RUDDER!!EFFECTIVEXNESS! AND! SPEED! CORRECTION! (RSC)! [1],! IN! ORDER! TO! MAKE! THE! MANOEUVRING!MOTION! OF! FREEXRUNNING!MODEL! SHIPS! SIMILAR! TO! THAT! OF! FULL! SCALE! SHIPS! BY! USING! AN!AUXILIARY!THRUSTER.!!!IN!THIS!PAPER,!AT!FIRST,!A!METHOD!TO! INCORPORATE!OPERATION!LIMITS!OF!ENGINES! IN!STEADY!CONDITIONS,! FOR! EXAMPLE! PROTECTION! FROM! OVERLOAD! OF! ENGINE! TORQUE,! INTO!!FREEXRUNNING! MODEL! SHIPS! WITH! RSC! IS! PROPOSED.! SECONDARY,! AUTHORS! CALCULATED!MANOEUVRING!MOTIONS!ON!STEADY!ADVANCING!CONDITIONS!OF!THE!MODEL!SHIPS!APPLIED!THIS!METHOD! AND! COMPARED! WITH! RESPONSES! OF! FULL! SCALE! SHIPS.! THE! RESULTS! SHOW! THAT!PROPOSED! METHOD! HAS! A! POSSIBILITY! TO! MEASURE! FULL! SCALE! EQUIVALENT! MANOEUVRING!RESPONSES!CONSIDERING!ENGINE!LIMITS!BY!FREEXRUNNING!MODEL!TESTS.!!! !

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2.2.2!!!WAVE!EFFECTS!IN!6DOF!ON!A!SHIP!IN!SHALLOW!WATER!!!Manases!Tello!Ruiz,!Ghent!University,!Maritime!Technology!Division,!Belgium.!!Stefaan!De!Caluwé,!Ghent!University,!Maritime!Technology!Division,!Belgium.!!Thibaut!Van!Zwijnsvooorde,!Ghent!University,!Maritime!Technology!Division,!Belgium.!!Guillaume!Delefortrie,!Flanders!Hydraulics!Research,!Belgium.!!Marc!Vantorre,!Ghent!University,!Maritime!Technology!Division,!Belgium.!!!SEVERAL! AUTHORS! HAVE! RECENTLY! STUDIED! MANOEUVRING! CONSIDERING! THE! MORE! GENERAL!CASE!OF!SHIP!MOTION!IN!SIX!DEGREES!OF!FREEDOM!AND!INCORPORATING!WAVE!EFFECTS!INTO!THE!ANALYSIS.! WAVE! FORCES! AND! WAVEXINDUCED! MOTIONS! HAVE! BEEN! TAKEN! INTO! ACCOUNT! BY!COMBINING!THE!CONVENTIONAL!ANALYSIS!OF!BOTH!SEAKEEPING!AND!MANOEUVRING.!HOWEVER,!THOSE!STUDIES!MOSTLY!FOCUS!ON!DEEP!WATER!SCENARIOS.!SHALLOW!WATER!CONDITIONS,!WHICH!OCCUR! IN! ACCESS! CHANNELS! TO! HARBOURS,! HAVE! A! SUBSTANTIAL! EFFECT! ON! BOTH! WAVE!CHARACTERISTICS!(E.G.!WAVE!STEEPNESS,!ELLIPTIC!ORBITS)!AND!SHIP!BEHAVIOUR!(E.G.!IMPORTANCE!OF! SQUAT).! AT! THE! TOWING! TANK! FOR! MANOEUVRES! IN! SHALLOW! WATER! (COXOPERATION!FLANDERS!HYDRAULICS!RESEARCH!X!GHENT!UNIVERSITY),!A!SYSTEMATIC!SERIES!OF!CAPTIVE!MODEL!TESTS!HAS! BEEN! EXECUTED!WITH!A! 1/75! SCALE! TANKER!MODEL!OF! THE! KVLCC2! REFERENCE! SHIP.!THIS! TEST! PROGRAM!WAS! PARTIALLY! CARRIED! OUT! IN! THE! FRAME! OF! THE! EUROPEAN! RESEARCH!PROGRAM! ENERGY! EFFICIENT! SAFE! SHIP! OPERATION! (SHOPERA).! THE! KVLCC2! MODEL! WAS!SYSTEMATICALLY!TESTED!IN!BOTH!CALM!WATER!AND!IN!REGULAR!WAVES,!AND!IN!TWO!DIFFERENT!WATER! DEPTHS.! DURING! TESTS! DIFFERENT! COMBINATIONS! OF! INCOMING! WAVE! ANGLE,! WAVE!AMPLITUDES!AND!PERIOD!WERE!USED.!THE!EFFECTS!OF!INCIDENT!WAVES!ON!THE!MOTIONS,!FORCES!AND! MOMENTS! ACTING! ON! THE! SHIP! IN! THE! HORIZONTAL! PLANE,! AND! ITS! IMPORTANCE!CONSIDERING!SHIP!MANOEUVRABILITY! IN!SHALLOW!WATER!WILL!BE!DISCUSSED.! IN!ADDITION,!THE!EXPERIMENTAL! RESULTS!WILL! BE! COMPARED! TO! NUMERICAL!METHODS! BASED! ON! STRIP! THEORY!AND!3D!BOUNDARY!INTEGRAL!EQUATION!METHODS.!!!

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2.2.3!!!MANOEUVRING!SIMULATION!OF!A!KVLCC2!TANKER!IN!IRREGULAR!WAVES!!!Yasukawa,!H.,!Hiroshima!University,!Japan!Hirata,!N.,!Hiroshima!University,!Japan!Yonemasu,!I.,!Japan!Marine!Science!Inc.,!Japan!Terada,!D.,!National!Research!Institute!of!Fisheries!Engineering,!Japan!Matsuda,!A.,!National!Research!Institute!of!Fisheries!Engineering,!Japan!!!A! PRACTICAL! MANOEUVRING! SIMULATION! METHOD! IS! PRESENTED! FOR! SHIPS! MOVING! IN!IRREGULAR! WAVES.! HERE,! AN! EMPHASIS! IS! PLACED! ON! THE! LOW! FREQUENCY! MANOEUVRING!MOTIONS!WITH!RESPECT!TO!SURGE,!SWAY!AND!YAW,!AND!THE!HIGH!FREQUENCY!WAVEXINDUCED!!!

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!MOTIONS!ARE!NEGLECTED.!THE!SIMULATION!METHOD!IS!BASED!ON!MMG!STANDARD!METHOD[1]!IN!CONJUNCTION!WITH!A!SEAKEEPING!PREDICTION!METHOD.!AS!THE!WAVE!EFFECT,!2NDXORDER!WAVE!INDUCED! STEADY! FORCES! (WAVE! DRIFT! FORCES)! ACTING! ON! THE! SHIP! ARE! CONSIDERED! IN! THE!SIMULATIONS.! THE! DRIFT! FORCES! ARE! PREDICTED! BY! A! THEORETICAL! METHOD! BASED! ON! THE!POTENTIAL! THEORY.! TO! OBTAIN! THE! VALIDATION! DATA! OF! THE! SIMULATION! METHOD,! FREEXRUNNING!MODEL!TESTS!ARE!CONDUCTED!USING!A!KVLCC2!MODEL!IN!A!SQUARE!TANK!OF!NATIONAL!RESEARCH! INSTITUTE! OF! FISHERIES! ENGINEERING,! JAPAN.! IN! THE! SQUARE! TANK,! SHORTCRESTED!IRREGULAR!WAVES!(MULTIXDIRECTIONAL!WAVES)!CAN!BE!GENERATED.!TURNING!TEST!WITH!RUDDER!ANGLE! 35DEG! AND! 10/10! ZIGXZAG! MANOEUVRE! TEST! ARE! CARRIED! OUT! IN! STILL! WATER! AND!IRREGULAR!WAVES,!AND!6XDOF!MOTIONS!ARE!MEASURED!FOR!VARIOUS!SHIP!SPEED!CONDITIONS.!THE!MEASURED!RESULTS!ARE!COMPARED!WITH!THE!SIMULATION!RESULTS!IN!THE!SAME!CONDITION.!THE! PRESENT! SIMULATION! METHOD! CAN! CAPTURE! THE! MANOEUVRING! MOTIONS! OF! A! SHIP! IN!IRREGULAR!WAVES!WITH!THE!SUFFICIENT!ACCURACY!FOR!PRACTICAL!PURPOSES.!!!

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2.2.4!!!RESEARCH!INTO!THE!HUMAN\AUTOMATION!PARTNERSHIP,!UTILISING!MARITIME!SIMULATION!!!Neil!Forbes,!MSc!Marine!Engineering!Student,!Newcastle!University,!UK.!!Michael!Woodward,!Lecturer,!Newcastle!University,!UK.!!Kayvan!Pazouki,!Lecturer!in!Marine!Technology,!Newcastle!University,!UK.!!Paul!Hodgson,!Technical!and!Projects!Manager,!South!Shields!Marine!School,!UK.!!!WHEN! BRIDGE! AUTOMATION! IS! USED! CORRECTLY! AND! PERFORMS! AS! EXPECTED,! A! SAFE! AND!EFFICIENT!OPERATION!RESULTS.!HOWEVER,!WHEN!AUTOMATION!GOES!WRONG,!COMPETENT!AND!EXPERIENCED! CREWS! CAN! BREAK! DOWN,! SEEMINGLY! FORGETTING! THE! BASICS! OF! SAFE! VESSEL!NAVIGATION.!THIS!PAPER!AIMS!TO! IMPROVE!UNDERSTANDING!OF!AUTOMATION!LIMITATIONS,!AS!WELL!AS!IDENTIFY!AND!EVALUATE!CURRENT!INDUSTRY!TRENDS!AND!EFFORTS!TO!FURTHER!OPTIMISE!THE!HUMANXAUTOMATION!PARTNERSHIP.!!!A! REVIEW! OF! RECENT! AVIATION! INCIDENTS! TOOK! PLACE,! AND! AN! AUTOMATION! MONITORING!EXPERIMENT! WAS! CONDUCTED.! THE! AVIATION! CASE! STUDIES! HIGHLIGHTED! THE! COMPLEX!INTERACTIONS! BETWEEN! TECHNICAL! AND!HUMAN!WEAKNESSES! THAT! LEAD! TO!MAJOR!ACCIDENT!EVENTS.!FIFTY!PERCENT!OF!TEST!SUBJECTS!IN!THE!EXPERIMENT!DID!NOT!RECOGNISE!AUTOMATION!FAILURE,!WHICH!WOULD! HAVE! RESULTED! IN! A! GROUNDING! EVENT! OCCURRING.! A! STRATEGY! TO!IMPROVE! AUTOMATION!MONITORING! EFFECTIVENESS,! AND! SO! SITUATION! AWARENESS,! SHOWED!PROMISE.!!! !

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2.2.5!!!THE!COLLECTION!OF!ASD!TUGBOAT!OPERATIONAL!FIELD!DATA!AND!THE!USAGE!FOR!SIMULATOR!MODELING!&!VALIDATION!

!!Bruce!Fuchs,!STAR!Center,!USA.!Wei!Yuan!Hwang,!STAR!Center,!USA.!!!VESSEL!OWNERS!AND!SHIPBOARD!OPERATORS!OF!TODAY’S!TUGBOATS!ARE!CONTINUALLY!LOOKING!FOR!INSIGHT!INTO!VESSEL!OPERATIONS!AND!HOW!THIS!INFLUENCES!FUTURE!OPERATIONS.!ONE!OF!THE!WAYS!TO!PROVIDE!THIS!INXSIGHT!IS!THROUGH!MARINE!SIMULATION.!THE!CHALLENGE!WE!FACE!IS! TO! ENSURE! THE! MARINE! SIMULATION! PERFORMANCE! REPLICATES! THE! REAL! WORLD.! THIS!CHALLENGE!REQUIRES!DEEP!INQUIRIES!INTO!HOW!THE!TUGBOAT!OPERATES!IN!TODAY’S!PORT!AND!HARBOUR! ENVIRONMENTS.! THIS! PAPER! DESCRIBES! THE! CHALLENGES! IN! GATHERING! DATA! AND!MODELLING! A! MODERN! AZIMUTH! STERN! DRIVE! (ASD)! TUGBOAT.! BASED! ON! THE! EXPERIENCE! OF!IMPLEMENTING! AND! VALIDATING! THE! SIMULATOR! MODEL,! THE! AUTHORS! PROPOSE! A! SET! OF!MANOEUVRING! TESTS! AND! PERFORMANCE! INDICES! AS! A! VEHICLE! FOR! FUTURE!MODELLING! AND!VALIDATION!OF!TUGBOATS!OF!SIMILAR!KIND.!!!

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2.2.6!!!DYNAMIC!POSITIONING!RESOURCE!MANAGEMENT!–!THE!USE!OF!SIMULATION!ON!COMPLEX!ENVIRONMENTS!OPERATIONS!TRAINING!!!Diego!Tavares!Bonfim,!Transas!Marine!International,!Brazil!!Johan!Ekvall,!Transas!Marine!International,!Sweden.!!!DYNAMIC!POSITIONING!SYSTEMS!ARE!USED!IN!A!VARIETY!OF!MARINE!OPERATIONS!SUCH!AS!OIL!AND!GAS!EXPLORATION,!WIND!FARMS,!RESEARCH!VESSELS!AND!CRUISE!SHIPS,!JUST!TO!MENTION!SOME.!THE! NUMBER! OF! VESSELS! WITH! DP! CAPABILITY! INCREASED! TO! SOME! THOUSANDS! IN! A! FEW!DECADES,! AND! EACH! DAY! SHIPYARDS! DELIVER! COMPLEX! VESSELS! TO! EVEN! MORE! COMPLICATED!OPERATIONS.! IN! A! REALITY! OF!MULTITASKS! SHIPS,! REDUCED! CREW! AND! CONTINUE! PURSUE! FOR!EXCELLENCE,! DP! CREWS! FACE! A! CHALLENGING! ENVIRONMENT,! NOT! ONLY! ON! THE! TECHNICAL!ASPECTS!OF!THE!TECHNOLOGY!INVOLVED,!BUT!ALSO!ON!THE!POINT!OF!VIEW!OF!BRIDGE!RESOURCE!MANAGEMENT,! ENGINE! ROOM! RESOURCE! MANAGEMENT! AND! TYPE! SPECIFIC! OPERATIONS!MANAGEMENT.!THIS!PAPER!AIMS!TO!DEMONSTRATE!THAT!THE!COMPLEXITY!OF!SUCH!VESSELS!ARE!IMPORTANT!ENOUGH!TO!CONSIDER!NOT!ONLY!A!NEW!SET!OF!COMPETENCES!TO!BE!DEVELOPED!BY!CREWS,!BUT!ALSO!AN!ENHANCED!VIEW!ON!THE!EXISTENT!COMPETENCES!OF!A!DECK!OFFICER!AND!AN!ENGINEER!AND!ITS!RELATED!TRAINING!!!

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3.1.1!!!ANALYSIS!OF!HYDRODYNAMIC!CHARACTERISTICS!AND!PREDICTIONS!OF!SHIP!MOTIONS!ON!STEADY!ADVANCING!CONDITIONS!IN!ADVERSE!WEATHER!!!Suzuki!Ryosuke,!National!Maritime!Research!Institute,!Japan.!!Tsukada!Yoshiaki,!National!Maritime!Research!Institute,!Japan.!!Ueno!Michio,!National!Maritime!Research!Institute,!Japan.!!!IN! ORDER! TO! CLARIFY! HYDRODYNAMIC! CHARACTERISTICS! OF! INTERACTION! FORCES! ON!MANOEUVRABILITY! IN! ADVERSE! WEATHER! REGARDING! JAPANESE! MATHEMATICAL! MODELLING!GROUP! (MMG)! APPROACH,! THE! AUTHORS! HAVE! CONDUCTED! CAPTIVE! MODEL! TESTS! WITH! A!TANKER! MODEL! UNDER! BOTH! EXTREMELY! HIGH! PROPELLER! LOADS! AND! LARGE! DRIFT! ANGLE! IN!CALM!WATER.!!!THE! INFLUENCE!OF!ASSUMING!THE! INTERACTION!FORCES! IN!THOSE!CONDITIONS!AS!CONSTANT!AT!THE!PROPULSION!POINT!OF!FULL!SCALE!SHIPS!ON!THE!PREDICTIONS!OF!MANOEUVRING!MOTIONS!IN!ADVERSE! WEATHER! WERE! INVESTIGATED! BY! NUMERICAL! SIMULATION! ON! STEADY! ADVANCING!CONDITIONS.! IN! ADDITION,! AN! ANALYSIS!WAS! CARRIED! OUT! TO! DETERMINE! THE! SENSITIVITY! OF!MANOEUVRING! MOTIONS! TO! CONSIDERING! THE! VARIATIONS! OF! THE! INTERACTION! FORCES! IN!ADVERSE!WEATHER.!!!

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3.1.2!!!EVACUATION!MANOEUVRE!OF!PASSENGER!SHIP!WITH!PODDED!PROPELLERS!DURING!A!TSUNAMI!!!Ei\ichi!Kobayashi,!Kobe!University,!Japan!!Syouta!Yoneda,!Kobe!University,!Japan!!Takuro!Kawabata,!Kobe!University,!Japan!!Wataru!Sera,!Kobe!University,!Japan!!Syunichi!Koshimura,!Tohoku!University,!Japan!!Hirotada!Hashimoto,!Kobe!University,!Japan!!!NUMEROUS! LARGEXSCALE! EARTHQUAKES! HAVE! OCCURRED! ALONG! THE! NANKAI! TROUGH! IN! THE!PACIFIC!OCEAN!OFF! JAPAN.!THE!ESTIMATED!POSSIBILITY!OF!LARGE!EARTHQUAKES!THAT!CAN!ALSO!GENERATE! TSUNAMIS!AT! THE! TOUKAI,! TOUNANKAI,! AND!NANKAI! COASTAL!REGIONS! IS! 70%!OVER!THE!NEXT!30!YEARS.!A!TSUNAMI!HITTING!THE!BAY!AREA!RAISES!THE!SEA!LEVEL!AND!CAUSES!STRONG!HORIZONTAL!FLOWS.!MOST!SHIPS!IN!THE!BAY!AREA!ARE!SUBJECT!TO!THESE!FLOWS!AND!THEREFORE!MAY!BE!FORCED!TO!MOVE.!SUCH!PHENOMENA!CAN!MAKE!A!SHIP’S!MOVEMENT!UNCONTROLLABLE,!SLAM!IT!INTO!BREAKWATERS,!AND!SET!IT!ADRIFT!OR!GROUND!IT;!FURTHERMORE,!THEY!CAN!SUBJECT!PIERS! TO! TREMENDOUS! FORCES.! THEREFORE,! IT! IS! VERY! IMPORTANT! TO! UNDERSTAND! THESE!PHENOMENA! AND! THE! RESULTING! SHIP! MOVEMENT! AND! TO! CONSIDER! POSSIBLE! COUNTER!!!

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!MEASURES! SUCH! AS! EVACUATION! TO! A! SAFE! DISTANCE! FROM! THE! COASTLINE! AS! WELL! AS!MANOEUVRING,!ANCHORING,!AND!STRONG!MOORING.!!!FEW! STUDIES! HAVE! FOCUSED! ON! SHIPS’! EVACUATION! MANOEUVRES! UNDER! TSUNAMIXINDUCED!FLOW!CONDITIONS,!ESPECIALLY!FOR!PASSENGER!SHIPS!WITH!PODDED!PROPELLERS.!THE!EFFECTS!OF!A!TSUNAMI!ON!PASSENGER!SHIPS!SHOULD!BE!EVALUATED!URGENTLY.!THEREFORE,! IN!THIS!PAPER,!WE! CONDUCTED! AN! EVACUATION! MANOEUVRING! SIMULATION! OF! A! PASSENGER! SHIP! WITH!PODDED!PROPELLERS!FROM!A!BERTH!TO!AN!OFFXCOASTLINE!AREA.!!!

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3.1.3!!!FAST!ALGORITHM!FOR!REAL\TIME!SEAKEEPING!SIMULATORS!!!!Grigory!Vilenskiy,!KM!Tech!LLC,!Russia.!Dmitry!Nikuschenko,!KM!Tech!LLC,!Russia.!Sergey!Zaikov,!Kongsberg!Maritime!AS,!Norway.!!!ACCURATE! AND! FAST! TIME! DOMAIN! ALGORITHMS! FOR! COMPUTATION! OF! CUMMINSXOGILVIE!RADIATION!FORCES!AND!SLOWLY!VARYING!DRIFT! FORCES!ARE! FORMULATED.!DYNAMIC!RESPONSE!OF! A! SEMI! SUBMERSIBLE! VESSEL! TO! SLOWLY! VARYING! DRIFT! FORCES! IN! IRREGULAR! SEAWAY! IS!ANALYSED!AS!AN!ILLUSTRATION.!!!!

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3.1.4!!!REQUIREMENTS!AND!IMPLEMENTATION!OF!THE!ROYAL!NETHERLANDS!NAVY!SHIP!HANDLING!SIMULATOR!(SHS)!SYSTEM!!!Mr.!Eugene!R.!Miller,!CSC,!USA.!!Mr.!Peter!Mondeel,!CSC,!NL.!!Mr.!Eggo!de!Roode,!RNLN!KIM,!NL.!!!THIS! PAPER! DESCRIBES! THE! DEVELOPMENT! OF! THE! KEY! REQUIREMENTS! FOR! AND! THE!IMPLEMENTATION!OF!THE!ROYAL!NETHERLANDS!NAVY’S! (RNLN)!NEW!SHIP!HANDLING!SIMULATOR!(SHS)!SYSTEM!LOCATED!AT!THE!RNLN!NAVAL!ACADEMY! (KIM)! IN!DEN!HELDER,!THE!NETHERLANDS.!THE!RNLN!HAS!OVER!20!YEARS!OF!EXPERIENCE!IN!SIMULATOR!BASED!TRAINING!OF!NAVAL!OFFICERS!AND! MIDSHIPSMEN! IN! NAVIGATION,! SEAMANSHIP! AND! SHIP! HANDLING.! THIS! EXPERIENCE! AND!EMERGING!TRAINING!REQUIREMENTS!FORMED!THE!BASIS!FOR!THE!DEVELOPMENT!OF!THE!DETAILED!REQUIREMENTS! FOR! A! NEW! SHS! SYSTEM! TO! REPLACE! THE! EXISTING! SYSTEM! THAT! HAD! BECOME!OBSOLETE!AND!DIFFICULT!TO!SUPPORT.!ULTIMATELY!A!DETAILED!SPECIFICATION!WITH!ABOUT!450!!!

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!SPECIFIC!REQUIREMENTS!WAS!DEVELOPED.!SOME!OF!THE!KEY!REQUIREMENTS!AND!THE!BASIS!FOR!THESE!REQUIREMENTS!ARE!DESCRIBED.!THESE!INCLUDE:!!!•!TOTAL!SCOPE!OF!THE!SHS!SYSTEM,!!•!INTEGRATED!BRIDGE!AND!NAVIGATION!SYSTEM,!!•!SHIP!SPECIFIC!CONTROLS!AND!MODELLING,!!•!INTEGRATED!COMMUNICATIONS!SYSTEM,!!•!INSTRUCTOR!CONTROL!AND!MONITORING!!•!DEBRIEFING!!•!DNV!CERTIFICATION!!!THE!CONTRACT!FOR!THE!SHS!SYSTEM!WAS!AWARDED!TO!CSC!NETHERLANDS!WITH!SUPPORT!FROM!THE!CSC!ADVANCED!MARINE!CENTER!USA! IN!AUGUST!OF!2011.!CSC!EXECUTED!THE!DEVELOPMENT!AND! DELIVERY! OF! THE! SHS! SYSTEM! WITH! INXHOUSE! RESOURCES! AND! A! TEAM! OF! SPECIALIST!SUBCONTRACTORS.! AN! OVERALL! DESCRIPTION! OF! THE! SHS! SYSTEM! IS! PROVIDED.! SPECIFIC!DESCRIPTIONS!ARE!PROVIDED!OF!THE!TECHNICAL!APPROACHES!USED!TO!MEET!THE!KEY!TECHNICAL!REQUIREMENTS! LISTED! ABOVE.! EMPHASIS! IS! PLACED! ON! THE! INCORPORATION! OF! A! REAL!SHIPBOARD! INTEGRATED!BRIDGE!AND!NAVIGATION!SYSTEM!INTO!A!TRAINING!ENVIRONMENT!AND!THE!MODULAR!APPROACH!USED!TO!PROVIDE!SHIP!SPECIFIC!CONTROLS!AND!MODELS.!!!THE! FIRST! PHASE!OF! THE! SHS! SYSTEM!WENT! INTO! SERVICE! IN! JANUARY!OF! 2014!WITH! THE! FULL!SYSTEM! OPERATIONAL! IN! SEPTEMBER! OF! 2014.! SOME! OBSERVATIONS! FROM! THE! FIRST! YEAR! OF!OPERATION!ARE!PROVIDED.!!!

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3.1.5!!!INVESTIGATION!OF!EFFECT!OF!ROLL!MOTION!ON!MANOEUVRABILITY!USING!4\DOF!MATHEMATICAL!MODEL!!!Yo!FUKUI,!Japan!Marine!United!Corporation,!Japan.!Yasuo!YOSHIMURA,!Hokkaido!University,!Japan.!Hiroyuki!YANO,!Hokkaido!University!(when!researching),!Japan.!Masatoshi!KONDO,!Hokkaido!University,!Japan.!!!!SHIP! MANOEUVRABILITY! HAS! BEEN! GENERALLY! PREDICTED! BASED! ON! 3XDOF! MATHEMATICAL!MODEL.!HOWEVER,!MEDIUMXHIGH!SPEED!SHIPS!LIKE!CONTAINERSHIPS!AND!FERRIES!MAKE!A!LARGE!ROLL! MOTION! DURING! THE! STEERING,! WHICH! MORE! OR! LESS! AFFECTS! ON! THE! SHIP!MANOEUVRABILITY.!ALTHOUGH!MANY!RESEARCHES!HAVE!BEEN!DONE!ABOUT!THE!EFFECT!OF!ROLL!MOTION,!THE!MATHEMATICAL!MODELS!OF!HYDRODYNAMIC!FORCES!ARE!NOT!SUFFICIENT!FOR!SUCH!COMPLICATED!MOTION.!IN!THIS!STUDY,!THE!CAPTIVE!MODEL!TESTS!HAVE!BEEN!CARRIED!OUT!WITH!KCS!CONTAINER!SHIP!MODEL!BY!MEANS!OF!SETTING!THE!VARIOUS!FIXED!ROLL!ANGLE.!AND!THEN,!THE! EFFECTS! OF! ROLL! ANGLE! ON! THE! CONVENTIONAL! HYDRODYNAMIC! DERIVATIVES! IN! 3XDOF!MATHEMATICAL! MODEL! HAVE! BEEN! ANALYZED.! FROM! THESE! EXPERIMENTS,! THE! PROPER! AND!REASONABLE! 4XDOF! MATHEMATICAL! MODEL! HAS! BEEN! PROPOSED.! FURTHERMORE,! THE!MANOEUVRING! SIMULATIONS! HAVE! BEEN! DONE! USING! THIS! 4XDOF! MATHEMATICAL! MODEL.!!

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!!OBVIOUSLY,! THE! SIMULATED! RESULTS! HAVE! BEEN! VALIDATED! COMPARING!WITH! THE! RESULTS!OF!THE!FREEXRUNNING!TESTS!FOR!VARIOUS!GM!AND!SHIP’S!SPEED.!THEN!IT!IS!FOUND!THAT!THE!EFFECT!OF! GM! AND! SHIP’S! SPEED! ON! TURNING! TRAJECTORIES! OR! THE! OVERSHOOT! OF! ZXTEST! CAN! BE!PRECISELY!PREDICTED!USING!THE!PROPOSED!4XDOF!MATHEMATICAL!MODEL.

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3.1.6!!!DELIVERING!SIMULATION!SOLUTIONS!TO!REMOTE!COMMUNITIES!!!Captain!Richard!Dunham,!Senior!Lecturer,!National!Centre!for!Ports!and!Shipping!Australian!Maritime!College,!University!of!Tasmania,!Locked!Bag!1397,!Launceston,!Tasmania!7250,!Australia!!Captain!John!Lloyd,!Australian!Maritime!College,!University!of!Tasmania!!!AUSTRALIA!HAS!ALWAYS!FACED!UNIQUE!CHALLENGES!IN!THE!DELIVERY!OF!HIGH!QUALITY!MARITIME!TRAINING! IN!A!COUNTRY!SPREAD!OVER!A!WIDE!GEOGRAPHICAL!AREA.!DESPITE! ITS! IMMENSE!SIZE,!AUSTRALIA! HAS! A! RELATIVELY! SMALL! POPULATION! AND! A! MODEST! SHIPPING! INDUSTRY.! THE!NATIONAL!AUSTRALIAN!MARITIME!COLLEGE!HAS!THE!PRIMARY!RESPONSIBILITY! FOR!MEETING!THE!PROFESSIONAL!DEVELOPMENT!NEEDS!OF!THE! INDUSTRY!AND! IS!HOME!TO!THE!NATION’S!LEADING!SIMULATION!CENTRE.!!!THIS! PAPER! EXPLORES! THE! OPPORTUNITIES! AND! CHALLENGES,! IN! PROVIDING! HIGH! QUALITY!EDUCATION! AND! TRAINING! IN! AUSTRALIA,! THAT! RESPONDS! TO! ENHANCEMENTS! IN! THE!TECHNOLOGICAL! ENVIRONMENT! IN! WHICH! SEAFARERS! ARE! IMMERSED.! IN! PARTICULAR! IT!CHALLENGES! THE! TRADITIONAL!VIEW!THAT! EFFECTIVE! SIMULATION!CAN!ONLY!BE!DELIVERED! IN!A!HIGHXCOST! HIGHXVALUE! SINGLE! LOCATION,! OFTEN! SITUATED! MANY! MILES! FROM! THE! TRAINEE’S!HOME.!!!THIS! PAPER! EXAMINES! THE! IMPORTANCE! OF! SIMULATION! WITHIN! A! STRUCTURED! TRAINING!PROGRAM.! FOLLOWING! A! BRIEF! CONSIDERATION! OF! GOOD! EDUCATIONAL! PRACTICE! IT! THEN!SUGGESTS!HOW!THE!BENEFITS!ACCRUED!BY!HIGH!QUALITY!SIMULATION!CAN!BE!TRANSFERRED!TO!REMOTE!COMMUNITIES.!THE!RESEARCH!CONDUCTED!INCLUDED!A!REVIEW!OF!CURRENT!PRACTICES!AND!A!LITERATURE!REVIEW!OF!PUBLICATIONS!IN!THIS!AREA.!!!THE!AUSTRALIAN!MARITIME!COLLEGE! IS!DEVELOPING!A!NEW!CAPABILITY!THAT!TAKES!ADVANTAGE!OF!AUSTRALIA’S! INVESTMENT! IN! THE!NATIONAL!BROADBAND!NETWORK! (NBN).! THIS!WILL!ALLOW!REMOTE!COMMUNITIES!THE!USE!OF!SIMULATION!IN!A!WAY!HITHERTO!UNACHIEVABLE.!THE!PAPER!EXPLAINS!THE!BENEFITS!OF!TECHNOLOGYXBASED!TRAINING!IN!REMOTE!AREAS!AND!EXAMINES!SOME!OF! THE! ISSUES! RAISED! IN! DEVELOPING! A! NEW! CAPABILITY! THAT! REACHES! FAR! AWAY! FROM! THE!CENTRAL!HUB!OF!THE!ORGANISATION.!!!AS!WELL!AS!EXPLAINING!THE!TECHNICAL!AND!OPERATIONAL! ISSUES!OF!THE! INITIATIVE,!THE!PAPER!EXPLORES!HOW!THE! PEDAGOGICAL! INTEGRITY!OF! THE! LEARNING! PROCESS! IS! ASSURED!AND!HOW!THESE!SIMULATIONS!WILL!BE!USED!IN!THE!FUTURE.!!! !

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3.2.1!!!PREDICTION!OF!SHIP!MANOEUVRING!BEHAVIOURS!BASED!ON!VIRTUAL!CAPTIVE!MODEL!TESTS!!!Young!Jae!Sung,!Hyundai!Heavy!Industries!Co.,!Ltd.,!Republic!of!Korea.!Sang\Hun!Park,!Hyundai!Heavy!Industries!Co.,!Ltd.,!Republic!of!Korea.!Jae\Hyoung!Jun,!CDXadapco!Korea,!Republic!of!Korea.!!!FOR! THE! MORE! ACCURATE! EVALUATION! OF! MANOEUVRING! BEHAVIOURS! OF! A! SHIP! AT! INITIAL!DESIGN! PHASE,! BARE! HULL! MANOEUVRING! COEFFICIENTS! WERE! ESTIMATED! BY! THE! RANS!(REYNOLDS! AVERAGED! NAVIERXSTOKES)! BASED! VIRTUAL! CAPTIVE! MODEL! TESTS.! HYDRODYNAMIC!FORCES! AND!MOMENT! ACTING! ON! THE! SHIP! HULLS! DURING! STATIC! DRIFT! TEST! AND! HARMONIC!OSCILLATORY!TESTS!WERE!COMPUTED!WITH!A!COMMERCIAL!RANS!CODE,!STARXCCM+.!AUTOMATIC!AND!CONSISTENT!MESH!GENERATION!CAN!BE!IMPLEMENTED!BY!USING!THE!MACRO!FUNCTIONS!OF!THE!CODE,!AND!USER!DEPENDENCY!CAN!BE!RELIEVED.!COMPUTED!FORCES!AND!MOMENTS!ON!KCS!AND! KVLCC! 1&2!WERE! COMPARED!WITH! THE! CORRESPONDING!MEASUREMENTS! FROM! PHYSICAL!PMM! (PLANAR! MOTION! MECHANISM)! TESTS.! QUITE! GOOD! AGREEMENT! CAN! BE! OBSERVED!BETWEEN! CFD! AND! EFD! RESULTS.! MANOEUVRING! COEFFICIENTS! ESTIMATED! FROM! THE! VIRTUAL!TESTS!ALSO!SHOW!REASONABLE!AGREEMENT!WITH!THOSE!FROM!PHYSICAL!TESTS.!BASED!ON!THESE!RESULTS,! WE! COULD! CONFIRM! THAT! THE! DEVELOPED! VIRTUAL! CAPTIVE! MANOEUVRING! MODEL!TESTS!PROCEDURE!COULD!BE!A!USEFUL!TOOL!TO!EVALUATE!MANOEUVRABILITY!OF!A!SHIP!AT!THE!INITIAL!HULL!DESIGN!PHASE.!!!

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3.2.2!!!RANS!SIMULATION!OF!PMM!TESTS!IN!DEEP!AND!SHALLOW!WATERS!FOR!AN!INLAND!SHIP!!!Yi!Liu,!Zao\Jian!Zou,!Jin!Chen,!School!of!Naval!Architecture,!Ocean!and!Civil!Engineering,!Shanghai!Jiao!Tong!University,!Shanghai!200240,!China.!!Bing\Qian!Zhao,!Wuhan!Institute!of!Rules,!China!Classification!Society,!Wuhan!430022,!China.!!!A! SHIP! MANOEUVRING! IN! RESTRICTED! WATERS! USUALLY! EXPERIENCES! MUCH! LARGER!HYDRODYNAMIC!FORCE!THAN!IN!UNRESTRICTED!WATERS!DUE!TO!THE!BANK!EFFECT!AND!SHALLOW!WATER! EFFECT.! THESE! EFFECTS! HAVE! DETRIMENTAL! INFLUENCE!ON! SHIP!MANOEUVRABILITY! AND!MAY! RESULT! IN! MARINE! ACCIDENTS! SUCH! AS! COLLISION! OR! GROUNDING.! THEREFORE,! IT! IS! OF!GREAT! IMPORTANCE! TO! PREDICT! ACCURATELY! THE! HYDRODYNAMIC! FORCE! ACTING! ON! A!MANOEUVRING! SHIP! IN! RESTRICTED! WATERS! TO! ENSURE! A! SAFE! NAVIGATION.! TRADITIONALLY,!EXPERIMENTAL!METHOD!OF!CAPTIVE!MODEL!TESTS!SUCH!AS!PMM!TESTS! IS!USED!TO!PREDICT!THE!HYDRODYNAMIC! FORCE! ACTING! ON! A! MANOEUVRING! SHIP.! IN! THIS! PAPER,! NUMERICAL!SIMULATION! OF! THE! VISCOUS! FLOW! AROUND! AN! INLAND! SHIP! MANOEUVRING! IN! DEEP! AND!!

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!SHALLOW!WATERS! IS! CONDUCTED! AT!MODEL! SCALE! BY! USING! THE! CFD!METHOD! TO! STUDY! THE!SHALLOW! WATER! EFFECT! ON! THE! HYDRODYNAMIC! FORCE.! RANS! BASED! SIMULATIONS! OF! PMM!TESTS,!I.E.,!PURE!SWAY!AND!PURE!YAW!TESTS!IN!DEEP!AND!SHALLOW!WATERS!ARE!PERFORMED!FOR!THE! BARE!HULL.! THE!HYDRODYNAMIC! LATERAL! FORCE! AND! YAW!MOMENT!ACTING!ON! THE!HULL!ARE! CALCULATED! UNDER! DIFFERENT! WATER! DEPTHS.! BASED! ON! THE! NUMERICAL! RESULTS! OF!HYDRODYNAMIC! FORCE,! THE! LINEAR! HYDRODYNAMIC! DERIVATIVES! IN! THE! EQUATIONS! OF! SHIP!MANOEUVRING! MOTION! ARE! DETERMINED.! BY! COMPARING! THE! NUMERICAL! RESULTS,! THE!SHALLOW!WATER!EFFECT!IS!ANALYZED.!!!

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3.2.3!!!CFD!ANALYSIS!OF!HYDRODYNAMIC!FORCE!CHARACTERISTICS!OF!PUSHER!AND!MULTI!BARGES!IN!STEADY\STATE!MANOEUVRES!!!Masaaki!Sano,!Hiroshima!University,!Japan.!Akio!Okuda,!Hiroshima!University,!Japan.!Hironori!Yasukawa,!Hiroshima!University,!Japan.!!!PUSHER!AND!BARGE!SYSTEM!(PBS)!HAVE!BEEN!ONE!OF!IMPORTANT!TRANSPORTATIONS!ESPECIALLY!IN! RIVERS! AND! INLAND! WATERWAYS.! IT! HAS! THE! BIGGEST! ADVANTAGES! OF! ECONOMIC! AND!ENVIRONMENTAL! EFFICIENCIES,! SO! THAT! THERE! IS! A! VARIETY! OF! PBS! IN! SERVICE! ALL! OVER! THE!WORLD.! PBS! HAS! THE! UNIQUE! SYSTEM! I! .E.! MULTIPLE! BARGES! ARE! CONNECTED! TOGETHER! AND!PUSHED!BY!A!POWERFUL!PUSHER.! THE!HYDRODYNAMIC! FORCE!CHARACTERISTICS!OF!PBS!DEPEND!MUCH!ON!THE!NUMBER!OF!BARGES!AND!THEIR!CONFIGURATIONS.!YASUKAWA!ET!AL.! [1],!WHO! IS!ONE!OF!COXAUTHORS,!CONDUCTED!CAPTIVE!MODEL!TESTS!WITH!VARIOUS!BARGE!CONFIGURATIONS!IN! HIROSHIMA! UNIVERSITY! TOWING! TANK! AND! INVESTIGATED! THE! RESISTANCE! AND!MANOEUVRABILITY!OF!THEM.!THIS!STUDY!IS!A!KIND!OF!CONTINUOUS!WORK!OF!THEIR!STUDY.!THE!AUTHORS!AIM!TO!ANALYZE!THE!MECHANISM!BEHIND!THE!HYDRODYNAMIC!FORCES!ACTING!ON!PBS!WITH! DIFFERENT! BARGE! CONFIGURATIONS! BY! COMPUTATIONAL! FLUID! DYNAMICS.! FOR! THIS!PURPOSE,!THE!PRESSURE!CONTOURS!AND!FLOW!FIELDS!AROUND!PBS!ARE!VISUALIZED.!THEY!WOULD!BE!HELPFUL!FOR!UNDERSTANDING!THE!HYDRODYNAMIC!PHENOMENON.! IN!ADDITION,!THE!EFFECT!OF!BARGE!LOAD!CONDITIONS!ON!THE!COURSE!STABILITY!OF!PBS! IS!ALSO!DISCUSSED.!THE!REASON!WHY! THE! COURSE! STABILITY! OF! PBS! DETERIORATES! WITH! INCREASE! OF! THE! BARGE! DRAFT! IS!EXPLAINED.!!! !

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3.2.4!!!U.S.!ARMY!CORPS!OF!ENGINEERS’!USE!OF!SHIP!SIMULATION!IN!DESIGN!OF!STRUCTURES!!!S.!Keith!Martin,!Coastal!and!Hydraulics!Laboratory,!US!Army!Corps!of!Engineers,!USA.!Dennis!W.!Webb,!Coastal!and!Hydraulics!Laboratory,!US!Army!Corps!of!Engineers,!USA.!Howard!Park,!Coastal!and!Hydraulics!Laboratory,!US!Army!Corps!of!Engineers,!USA.!!!THE!U.S.!ARMY!CORPS!OF!ENGINEERS!(USACE)!REQUIRES!A!SHIP!SIMULATOR!STUDY!FOR!MOST!MODIFICATIONS! TO! FEDERAL! NAVIGATION! CHANNELS.! THESE! MODIFICATIONS! CAN! INCLUDE!DEEPENING,! WIDENING,! REALIGNING! OF! CHANNELS,! AND! MODIFICATION/ADDITION! OF!STRUCTURES.! STRUCTURES! SUCH! AS! WEIRS,! BRIDGE! PIERS,! AND! FLOOD! GATES! HAVE! BEEN!EVALUATED!IN!USACE’S!SIMULATOR.!USACE’S!SIMULATOR!IS!LOCATED!AT!THE!USACE!ENGINEER!RESEARCH!AND!DEVELOPMENT!CENTER! (ERDC)!AND!MOST!STUDIES!ARE!CONDUCTED!AT!THIS!LOCATION.!TYPICALLY,!SPONSORS!OF!SIMULATOR!STUDIES!ARE!USACE!DISTRICTS!AND/OR!THE!PORTS!WHERE!THE!AREA!OF!INTEREST!IS!LOCATED.!ERDC!HAS!BEEN!OPERATING!USACE’S!ONLY!SHIP/TOW!SIMULATOR!FACILITY!SINCE!THE!EARLY!1980S.!!!THIS!PAPER!WILL!PROVIDE!AN!OVERVIEW!OF!A!SIMULATOR!STUDY! IN!WHICH!THE!SIMULATOR!WAS! EMPLOYED! WITHIN! A! LARGER! MODELLING! FRAMEWORK! WHERE! SIMULATOR! RESULTS!WERE!USED!TO!SELECT!ALTERNATIVES!FOR!A!PHYSICAL!MODEL.!THE!FOCUS!OF!THE!STUDY!WAS!THE! LAKE!BORGNE!SURGE!BARRIER! (LBSB)!ON!THE!GULF! INTRACOASTAL!WATERWAY! (GIWW).!THE!PAPER!WILL!OUTLINE!HOW!THE!RESULTS!OF!THE!SHIP!SIMULATOR!STUDY!WERE!USED!TO!VET!ALTERNATIVES!AND!USED!TO!IMPROVE!THE!STRUCTURE’S!NAVIGABILITY.!THIS!PAPER!WILL!DISCUSS! THE! IMPORTANCE! OF! ENGINEER/SCIENTIST! AND! PILOT! INTERACTION! IN! SHIP!SIMULATION! STUDIES.! THE! COMPONENTS! OF! NAVIGATION! RESEARCH! STUDIES! INCLUDING!HYDRODYNAMIC!AND!PHYSICAL!MODELLING!WILL!ALSO!BE!DISCUSSED.!!!A!SYNOPSIS!OF!THE!HISTORY!OF!ERDC’S!SHIP!SIMULATOR!WILL!BE!INCLUDED!IN!THE!PAPER!AS!WELL!AS!A!DISCUSSION!OF!FUTURE!AREAS!OF!RESEARCH.!!! !

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3.2.5!!!INTEGRATED!SIMULATION!FRAMEWORK!BASED!ON!MULTIBODY!DYNAMICS,!REALISTIC!VISUALIZATION,!AND!HARDWARE!FOR!SHIPBUILDING!PRODUCTION!AND!OFFSHORE!INSTALLATION!!!Seung\Ho!Ham,!Graduate!student,!Department!of!Naval!Architecture!and!Ocean!Engineering,! Seoul!National!University,! Republic!of! Korea.!Myung\Il!Roh,!Professor,!Department!of!Naval!Architecture!and!Ocean!Engineering,!and!Research! Institute!of!Marine!Systems!Engineering,!Seoul!National!University,!Republic!of!Korea.!Ki\Su!Kim,!Graduate!student,!Department!of!Naval!Architecture!and!Ocean!Engineering,!Seoul!National!University,!Republic!of!Korea.!Luman!Zhao,!Graduate! student,!Department!of!Naval!Architecture!and!Ocean!Engineering,!Seoul!National!University,!Republic!of!Korea.!Sol!Ha,!Post!Doc,!Research! Institute!of!Marine!Systems!Engineering,!Republic!of!Korea.!!!IN! GENERAL,! THREE! TECHNOLOGIES! ARE! REQUIRED! TO! BUILD! SIMULATORS! OF! SHIPBUILDING!PRODUCTION!AND!OFFSHORE! INSTALLATION.!AT! FIRST,! THE!MOTION!OF! THE!OBJECTS! SHOULD!BE!GENERATED!WITH!REALITY!AS!IF!A!WORKER!OR!OPERATOR!IS!ON!BOARD.!THIS!CAN!BE!OBTAINED!BY!MULTIBODY!DYNAMICS!WITH!HYDROSTATICS!AND!HYDRODYNAMICS.!SECONDLY,!THE!VIEW!OF!THE!WORKER! SHOULD! BE! IMMERSIVE.! THE! VIRTUAL! REALITY! (VR)! TECHNOLOGY! CAN! BE! USED! TO!CONSTRUCT! THE! SIMULATOR! WINDOWS.! THIRDLY,! THE! MOTION! OF! THE! OBJECTS! SHOULD! BE!TRANSFERRED!TO!THE!HARDWARE!TO!GIVE!THE!REALISTIC!MOTION!TO!THE!WORKER.!AT!THIS!TIME,!A!MOTION!PLATFORM!CAN!BE!USED!TO!GENERATE!THE!MOTION!OF!THE!CRANES.!BECAUSE!THOSE!THREE! TECHNOLOGIES! ARE! DEVELOPED! INDIVIDUALLY,! IT! IS! NOT! EASY! TO! EXCHANGE! DATA! EACH!OTHER.! TO! SOLVE! THIS! PROBLEM,! AN! INTEGRATED! SIMULATION! FRAMEWORK! BASED! ON! THREE!DIFFERENT! KINDS! OF! TECHNOLOGIES! IS! PROPOSED! IN! THIS! STUDY.! USING! THE! INTEGRATED!SIMULATION! FRAMEWORK,!WE! CAN! SYNCHRONIZE! THE! SIMULATION! TIME! AND! EXCHANGE! DATA!THROUGH!THE!MIDDLEWARE!WITH!STANDARDIZED!DATA!STRUCTURE.! IF!WE!USED!THE!PROPOSED!FRAMEWORK,!IT!IS!VERY!USEFUL!TO!CONNECT!NEW!MODULES!OR!TO!REMOVE!EXISTING!MODULES.!TO!VERIFY! THE! EFFICIENCY!AND!APPLICABILITY!OF! THE! PROPOSED! FRAMEWORK,! IT! IS! APPLIED! TO!THE!DRILLSHIP!MOTION!ANALYSIS!AND!VISUALIZATION.!!!

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3.2.6!!!INNOVATION!IN!SEARCH!AND!RESCUE!SIMULATION!AND!TRAINING!–!REQUIREMENTS!PROFILE!FOR!MOBILE,!MULTI\FUNCTIONAL!OPERATION!STATIONS!(MOS)!!!Patrick!Roßner,!Technische!Universität!Chemnitz,!Chair!for!Ergonomics!and!Innovation!Management,!Chemnitz.!!Max!Bernhagen,!Technische!Universität!Chemnitz,!Chair!for!Ergonomics!and!Innovation!Management,!Chemnitz.!!Thomas!Lübcke,!Deutsche!Gesellschaft!zur!Rettung!Schiffbrüchiger,!Bremen.!!Angelika!C.!Bullinger,!Technische!Universität!Chemnitz,!Chair!for!Ergonomics!and!Innovation!Management,!Chemnitz.!!!THE!RESPONSE!TO!MARITIME!DISASTERS!CONSTITUTES!A!HIGHLY!COMPLEX!SITUATION.!TO!MANAGE!THESE! CHALLENGES! SAFE! AND! SOLUTIONXORIENTATED! KNOWLEDGE! AND! METHODS! NEED! TO! BE!PRACTICED.!SIMULATION!TRAINING!SEEMS!A!VALID!ALTERNATIVE!TO!LIVE!EXERCISES,!BUT,!TO!DATE,!EXISTING! DEVICES! OFFER! ONLY! LIMITED! TRAINING! EXPERIENCE.! NEW,! INTERCONNECTED,! MOBILE!AND!MULTIFUNCTIONAL!SETS!OF!SIMULATORS! (MOS)!THAT!ARE!WORKING!TOGETHER!HAVE!TO!BE!DEVELOPED.!CHANGING!USE!CASES!REQUIRE!A!MODULAR!SOLUTION!THAT!PROVIDES!ALL!NECESSARY!CONTROL! AND! DISPLAY! ELEMENTS.! TO! REALIZE! THAT! HUMANXCENTRED! DESIGN! PROCESS!WHOSE!FIRST! TWO! STEPS! WERE! APPLIED! IN! THIS! PAPER! REPRESENTS! AN! ATTRACTIVE! ALTERNATIVE! TO!FUNCTIONALXORIENTATED!DEVELOPMENT!PROCESSES.!TO!GATHER!THE!REQUIREMENTS!PROFILE!AS!WELL! AS! SIMULATION! PARAMETERS! OF! ALL! USER! GROUPS! (CREWS! OF! HELICOPTERS,! SHIPS! AND!EMPLOYEES!OF!RESCUE!CENTRES),! FIVE!FOCUS!GROUP!WORKSHOPS!WITH!31!PARTICIPANTS!WERE!CONDUCTED! AND! ANALYSED! WITH! A! MIXED! METHOD! APPROACH.! PERFECTED! REQUIREMENTS!SHOW! MANY! OVERLAPS! BETWEEN! THE! THREE! DIFFERENT! USER! GROUPS.! RESCUE! CENTRE!EMPLOYEES! DEMAND! SPECIFIC! SOFTWARE,! BUT! ARE! ABLE! TO! PERFORM! WITH! BASIC! OFFICE!EQUIPMENT! SO! THAT! INTEGRATION! INTO! THE! MOS! IS! RATHER! IN! COMPLEX.! CONCERNING!NAVIGATION! AND! COMMUNICATION! INSTRUMENTS! OF! HELICOPTER! PILOTS! AND! SHIPMASTERS! A!LOT!OF!OVERLAPS!EXIST.!UNSURPRISINGLY!THESE!USER!GROUPS!VARY!A!LOT!REGARDING!CONNING!DISPLAYS!AND!CONTROLS.! THE!CHALLENGE!WILL!BE!TO!REPRODUCE!REALISTIC!WORKLOAD!LEVELS!WITHOUT!HAVING!TO!CREATE!TAILORED!ENVIRONMENTS.!!!

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3.3.1!!!EXPERIMENTAL!AND!NUMERICAL!INVESTIGATION!OF!ASYMMETRICAL!BEHAVIOUR!OF!RUDDER/PROPELLER!FOR!TWIN!SCREW!SHIPS!!!G.!Dubbioso,!S.!Mauro,!F.Ortolani,!CNRXINSEAN,!Italy.!M.Martelli,!M.!Nataletti,! D.Villa,!M.Viviani,!Department! of! Electrical,! Electronic,!Telecommunication! Engineering! and!Naval!Architecture! (DITEN),!University! of!Genoa,! Italy.!!!THE! PRESENT! WORK! ADDRESSES! THE! ASYMMETRICAL! FUNCTIONING! OF! RUDDER/PROPELLER!COMPLEX! OF! TWIN! SCREW/TWIN! RUDDERS! SHIPS.! A! SERIES! OF! FREE! RUNNING!MODEL! TEST!RESULTS!ARE!ANALYSED,!WITH!THE!AID!OF!SOME!SIMPLIFIED!NUMERICAL!CALCULATIONS.!THIS!ANALYSIS!ALLOWS!TO!SHOW!THE!ASYMMETRICAL!PROPELLER!LOADING!DURING!MANOEUVRES!AND!THE!CONSIDERABLY!DIFFERENT!RUDDER!FUNCTIONING.!A!POSSIBLE!SIMPLIFIED!MODEL!TO!INCLUDE! THESE! EFFECTS! IN! MANOEUVRING! SIMULATORS! IS! PROPOSED! AND! DISCUSSED,!ALLOWING! TO! DEFINE! THE! NEEDS! FOR! FUTURE! RESEARCH! ACTIVITIES! TO! FURTHER! IMPROVE!THE!UNDERSTANDING!OF!THE!DIFFERENT!PHENOMENA!SHOWN.!!!

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3.3.2!!!NUMERICAL!AND!EXPERIMENTAL!STUDY!ON!THE!RUDDER!FORCE!OF!A!TWISTED!RUDDER!!!Heejoon!Yang,!Samsung!Ship!Model!Basin,!Samsung!Heavy!Industries,!Co.,!Ltd.,!Korea.!Jisun!Lee,!Samsung!Ship!Model!Basin,!Samsung!Heavy!Industries,!Co.,!Ltd.,!Korea.!Kibum!Kim,!Samsung!Ship!Model!Basin,!Samsung!Heavy!Industries,!Co.,!Ltd.,!Korea.!!!THE!CAVITATION!AND!EROSION!PROBLEMS!ON!THE!RUDDER!CAN!BE!AVOIDED!OR!REDUCED!BY!USING! “THE! CONCEPT! OF! A! TWIST.”! RECENTLY,! TWISTED! RUDDERS! HAVE! BEEN! APPLIED! TO!CONTAINER! SHIPS! TO!AVOID! RUDDER! CAVITATION!AND! EROSION! PROBLEMS.! HOWEVER,! THE!RUDDER!FORCE!BY!THE!TWISTED!RUDDER!HAS!NOT!BEEN!INVESTIGATED!ESPECIALLY!IN!TERMS!OF!MANOEUVRABILITY.!THIS!STUDY!PRESENTS!THE!EXPERIMENTAL!AND!NUMERICAL!STUDY!ON!THE!RUDDER!FORCE!OF!A!TWISTED!LEADING!EDGE!RUDDER.!IN!THE!EXPERIMENT,!THE!RUDDER!FORCE! WAS! MEASURED! UNDER! SELFXPROPULSION! TEST! CONFIGURATION! ON! A! CONTAINER!SHIP.! IN! ADDITION! TO! THE! EXPERIMENT,! A! NUMERICAL! ANALYSIS! USING! CFD! HAS! BEEN!PERFORMED! TO! INVESTIGATE! THE! FLOW! AROUND! RUDDER.! THE! NUMERICAL! ANALYSIS! CAN!INVESTIGATE!THE!HYDRODYNAMIC!CHARACTERISTICS.!BOTH!THE!EXPERIMENT!AND!NUMERICAL!ANALYSIS!SHOWED!THAT!THERE!WAS!NOT!A!SIGNIFICANT!DIFFERENCE!BETWEEN!THE!RUDDER!FORCES! OF! THE! TWISTED! AND! NONXTWISTED! RUDDERS.! FROM! THIS,! IT! CAN! BE! CONCLUDED!THAT!THE!TWISTED!RUDDER!GIVE!THE!EQUIVALENT!LEVEL!OF!MANOEUVRABILITY!AS!THE!NONXTWISTED!RUDDER.!!! !

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3.3.3!!!IMPACTS!OF!RUDDER!PROFILES!ON!SHIP!MANOEUVRABILITY!!!Jialun!Liu,!Delft!University!of!Technology,!Delft,!The!Netherlands.!Frans!Quadvlieg,!MARIN!(Maritime!Research!Institute!Netherlands),!Wageningen,!!The!Netherlands.!Robert!Hekkenberg,!Delft!University! of! Technology,!Delft,! The!Netherlands.!!!THE! PERFORMANCE! OF! A! SHIP’S! RUDDER! LARGELY! DETERMINES! ITS! MANOEUVRABILITY,! WHICH!INCLUDES! TURNING! ABILITY,! INITIAL! TURNING! ABILITY,! YAWXCHECKING! ABILITY! AND! COURSEXKEEPING! ABILITY.! HOWEVER,! EXISTING! EMPIRICAL! FORMULAS! FOR! RUDDER! FORCES! DO! NOT!CONCERN! THE! RUDDER! PROFILE.! THIS! PAPER! DISCUSSES! THE! IMPACTS! OF! VARIOUS! RUDDER!PROFILES! ON! SHIP! MANOEUVRABILITY.! INSTEAD! OF! EMPIRICAL! FORMULAS! FOR! RUDDER!CHARACTERISTICS,!COMPUTATIONAL!FLUID!DYNAMIC!METHODS!(CFD)!ARE!APPLIED!TO!OBTAIN!LIFT!AND! DRAG! COEFF! ICIENTS! OF! FIVE! PROFILES.! THEN,! THE! NORMAL! FORCE! COEFFICIENT! OF! EACH!PROFILE! IS! CALCULATED! AND! CORRECTED! FOR! THE! ASPECT! RATIO.! COMMERCIAL! PACKAGES!POINTWISE! AND! ANSYS! ICEM! GENERATE! THE! UNSTRUCTURED! AND! STRUCTURED! MESH,!RESPECTIVELY.!ANSYS!FLUENT!SOLVES!THE!NAVIERXSTOKES!EQUATIONS.!2D!STEADYXSTATE!VISCOUS!SIMULATIONS! OF! RUDDERS! IN! INCOMPRESSIBLE! WATER! ARE! CARRIED! OUT! WITH! THE! KXW! SST!TURBULENCE!MODEL.! TO! TEST! THE! IMPACTS!ON!MANOEUVRABILITY,! A!MANOEUVRING!MODEL! IS!BUILT! IN!PYTHON!FOR!THE!KVLCC2! TANKER! IN!DEEP!WATER.! TURNING!CIRCLE!MANOEUVRES!AND!ZIGZAG! MANOEUVRES! ARE! PERFORMED! TO! COMPARE! THE! MANOEUVRING! PARAMETERS.! THIS!PAPER! CONCLUDES! WITH! INSIGHTS! INTO! THE! IMPACTS! OF! RUDDER! PROFILES! ON! SHIP!MANOEUVRABILITY.!!!

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3.3.4!!!FUEL!SAVING!STRATEGY!ON!RIVERS!BY!SPEED!ADAPTION!!!Dr.\Ing.!Andreas!Gronarz,!DST!X!Development!Centre!for!Ship!Technology!and!Transport!Systems,!Duisburg!/!Germany.!!Dipl.\Ing.!Helmut!Bross,!DST!X!Development!Centre!for!Ship!Technology!and!Transport!Systems,!Duisburg!/!Germany.!!!INLAND!NAVIGATION!IS!THE!MOST!ECONOMIC!AND!ECOLOGIC!TRANSPORT!MODE!COMPARED!WITH!ROAD!AND!RAIL.!TO!REMAIN!COMPETITIVE,!HOWEVER,!TIME!AND!COSTS!ARE!DECISIVE!FACTORS!FOR!SHIPPING!COMPANIES!TO!KEEP!AN!EYE!ON!AND!TO!PUSH!FUEL!SAVING.!WHEN!NAVIGATING!FROM!A!TO!B!SKIPPERS!USUALLY!SCHEDULE!THEIR!VOYAGE!BASED!ON!THEIR!PROFESSIONAL!EXPERIENCE,!SO!THAT! THEY! OFTEN! ARRIVE! TOO! EARLY! AND! SPEND! TOO! MUCH! FUEL.! IN! A! RESEARCH! PROJECT!METHODS!HAVE!BEEN!DEVELOPED!WHICH!INFORM!THE!SKIPPER!ABOUT!THE!EFFECTS!OF!THE!WATER!DEPTH!AND!THE!CURRENT!VELOCITY!ONTO!THE!SHIPS!SPEED.!AS!A!RESULT!HE!CAN!NOW!CALCULATE!THE!OPTIMAL! THROTTLE! SETTING! FOR! CERTAIN! STRETCHES!OF! THE!VOYAGE.! TO! IMPLEMENT! THIS!STRATEGY! INTO! THE! IWTXMARKET,! A! CURRICULUM! WAS! DESIGNED! COMPRISING! NOT! ONLY!!

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!THEORETICAL! LESSONS! ABOUT! HYDRODYNAMICS! ON! SHALLOW! WATER! AS! WELL! AS! FUEL!CONSUMPTION! VERSUS! SPEED! THROUGH! WATER! BUT! ALSO! PRACTICAL! SESSIONS! ON! THE!SIMULATOR.! THEREFORE,! THE! INLAND! WATERWAY! SIMULATOR! IN! DUISBURG! /! GERMANY! WAS!IMPROVED! BY! NEW!DISPLAYS! FOR! THE! FUEL! CONSUMPTION! PER! HOUR! AND! ALSO! PER! KM!OVER!GROUND.!ADDITIONALLY,!THE!SHIP’S!BEHAVIOUR!REGARDING!THE!MACHINERY!HAS!BEEN!ADAPTED!AND!SPECIAL!TRAINING!SCENARIOS!HAVE!BEEN!SET!UP!FOR!THE!NEW!CLASSES.!FIRST!COURSES!WERE!SUCCESSFULLY! HELD! IN! DUISBURG! AND! SHIPPING! COMPANIES! ALREADY! ORDERED! ADDITIONAL!TRAININGS.!!!!

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3.3.6!!!FROM!SHIP!HANDLING!TO!MARITIME!INCIDENT!RESPONSE!SIMULATION!–ADVANCED!NETWORKED!SIMULATION!!!Thomas!Lübcke,!German!Maritime!Search!and!Rescue!Service!–!DGzRS,!Germany.!Norbert!Steigenberger,!University!of!Cologne,!Germany.!Claus!Bornhorst,!Rheinmetall!Defence!Electronics,!Bremen,!Germany.!Patrick!Roßner,!Technische!Universität!Chemnitz,!Germany.!Jörg!Kemna,!German!Maritime!Search!and!Rescue!Service!–!DGzRS,!Germany.!!!THIS!PAPER! IS!BASED!ON!QUANTITATIVE!DATA!OUT!OF!THE!MISSIONS!OF!THE!GERMAN!MARITIME!SEARCH! AND! RESCUE! (SAR)! SERVICE! AND! DESCRIBES! THE! STRUCTURAL! NEED! FOR! INTERXORGANIZATIONAL! TRAINING! OF! MARITIME! SAR.! THE! R&D! PROJECT! “MARITIME! SIMULATORS!NETWORK”! DEVELOPS! A! SARXSIMULATION! INFRASTRUCTURE! BY! ADVANCED! NETWORKED!SIMULATION!FOR!MARITIME!DISASTER!MANAGEMENT!TRAINING.!IN!WHAT!FOLLOWS,!THE!CENTRAL!IDEA!AND!THE!MAIN!CHALLENGES!ARE!EXPLAINED.!!!

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3.4.1!!!EFFECTS!OF!RUDDER!HORN!AND!PROPELLER!HUB!VORTEX!FOR!CFD!MANOEUVRING!SIMULATIONS!!!Motoki!ARAKI,!National!Maritime!Research!Institute,!Japan.!!Kunihide!OHASHI,!National!Maritime!Research!Institute,!Japan.!!Nobuaki!SAKAMOTO,!National!Maritime!Research!Institute,!Japan.!!!THE!EFFECTS!OF!HORN!AND!HUB!VORTEX!ON!THE!MANOEUVRING!PERFORMANCE!ARE!STUDIED!BY!USING! THE! KVLCC2! TANKER! AND! CFD! MANOEUVRING! SIMULATIONS! WITH! THE! OVERSET! GRID!METHOD.! THESE! SIMULATION! RESULTS! ARE! ANALYSED! WITH! A! MATHEMATICAL! MANOEUVRING!!

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!MODEL!AND!VALIDATED!WITH!THE!PREVIOUS!EXPERIMENTAL!RESULTS.!THE!NAGISA!AND!UP_GRID!DEVELOPED! AT! NATIONAL!MARITIME! RESEARCH! INSTITUTE! ARE! APPLIED! FOR! CFD!MANOEUVRING!SIMULATIONS.! IN! THE! CFD! SIMULATIONS,! 4! TYPES! OF! TANK! TESTING! ARE! CONDUCTED:! STRAIGHT!AHEAD! CONDITION;! STATIC! RUDDER! TEST;! STATIC! DRIFT;! AND! STEADY! TURNING.! FROM! THESE!SIMULATION!RESULTS,!MANOEUVRING!DERIVATIVES!AND!RUDDER!FORCE!HAVE!THE!SENSITIVITY!TO!THE! EXISTENCE! OF! THE! RUDDER! HORN! AND! HUB! VORTEX.!MOREOVER! SOME! HORN! EFFECTS! ARE!REVEALED!BY!ANALYSING!THE!COMPUTED!FLOW!AND!PRESSURE!DISTRIBUTIONS.!!!

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3.4.2!!!SCALE!EFFECTS!ON!FREE!RUNNING!MODEL!TESTS!!!Frans!Quadvlieg,!MARIN,!The!Netherlands.!Roberto!Tonelli,!MARIN,!The!Netherlands.!!!FREE!RUNNING!MANOEUVRING!MODEL!TESTS!ARE!ONE!OF!MOST!USED!MODEL!TESTS!TO!QUICKLY!ASSESS!THE!MANOEUVRABILITY!OF!A!SHIP.!THE!RESULTS!OF!THESE!TESTS!MAY!BE!SUBJECT!TO!SCALE!EFFECTS:! THE! FACT! THAT! THE! MODEL! IS! SMALLER! THAN! THE! REAL! SHIP,! CAUSES! A! NUMBER! OF!DISSIMILARITIES!(APART!FROM!THE!SIMILARITIES).!ONE!OF!THE!KNOWN!SCALE!EFFECTS!IS!THE!“TOO!HIGH! FRICTIONAL! RESISTANCE”! AT!MODEL! SCALE.! THIS! CAUSES!WITH! FREE! RUNNING! TESTS! THAT!THE!PROPELLER!IS!WORKING!TOO!HARD!AND!THAT!CONSEQUENTLY!THE!FLOW!OVER!THE!RUDDER!IS!HIGHER!THAN!IT!SHOULD!BE.!AT!THE!SAME!TIME,!THE!WAKE!FRACTION!ON!MODEL!SCALE!IS!HIGHER!DUE!TO!A!TOO!THICK!BOUNDARY!LAYER.!THIS!CAUSES!A!LOWER!VELOCITY!AT!THE!LOCATION!OF!THE!RUDDER,!WHICH!COUNTERACT!(PARTLY)!THE!TOO!HIGH!VELOCITY!AT!THE!LOCATION!OF!THE!RUDDER!DUE! TO! THE! PROPELLER! THRUST.! THERE! ARE! SEVERAL! MEASURES! THAT! CAN! BE! TAKEN! TO!COUNTERACT! THIS! PHENOMENON,! ONE! OF! THEM! RECENTLY! BEING! PROPOSED! BY! UENO! ET! AL.!(2013),!AND!DEMONSTRATED!BY!TESTS.!THE!PRESENT!PAPER!REPORTS!AN! INVESTIGATION!ON!THE!MAGNITUDE!OF!THE!SCALE!EFFECT.!THROUGH!A!SYSTEMATIC!PARAMETRIC!STUDY,!THE!EFFECT!OF!THE! SCALE! ON! OVERSHOOT! ANGLES! AND! TACTICAL! DIAMETER! IS! QUANTIFIED.! THE! PAPER! WILL!SHOW!GRAPHS!WITH!THE!CHANGE!OF!THE!OVERSHOOT!ANGLES!ON!THE!VERTICAL!AXIS!VERSUS!THE!SCALE!ON!THE!HORIZONTAL!AXIS.!THIS!HELPS!IN!ASSESSING!THE!SEVERITY!OF!THE!SCALE!EFFECT!ON!THE!OUTCOME!OF!THE!RESULTS,!AND!HELPS!TO!DETERMINE!A!PROPER!SCALE!FOR!FREE!RUNNING!MODEL!TESTS.!!!!

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3.4.3!!!HYDRODYNAMIC!INTERACTION!PHENOMENA!INVESTIGATIONS!DURING!THE!SHIP!OVERTAKING!MANOEUVRE!FOR!MARINE!RELATED!SIMULATORS!WITH!THE!USE!OF!CFD!METHODS.!!!Dmitry!V.!Nikushchenko,!Manager!of!Department!of!Hydrodynamic!Modeling!Kongsberg!Maritime!AS!and!an!assistant!professor!of!State!Marine!Technical!University.!Anastasia!A.!Zubova,!PhD!student!of!State!Marine!Technical!University,!Ship!Theory!Department,!SaintXPetersburg,!Russia.!!!CHALLENGING!PROBLEM!OF!SHIP!TO!SHIP!INTERACTION!HAS!SEVERAL!GENERAL!ASPECTS:!MARITIME!PRACTICE,! SCIENTIFIC! RESEARCH,! ENGINEERING! APPROACHES! AND! MARINE! SIMULATORS!IMPLEMENTATION!AS!A!COMBINATION!OF!PREVIOUSLY!NAMED.! INTERACTION!FORCES!PREDICTION!HAS!BEEN!APPEARING! IN!MANY!RESEARCHES!DURING!PAST!TIMES!AND!STILL!TAKES!ATTENTION! IN!CONDITIONS! OF! GROWING! MARINE! TRAFFIC! AND! PORT! OPERATION! RULES.! BUILDING! A! UNIFIED!STRATEGY!FOR!THE!SHIP!TO!SHIP!INTERACTION!PHENOMENA!COMPREHENSION!WOULD!BE!HELPFUL!FOR,! ON! ONE! SIDE! PREDICTION!METHODS,! AND! ON! THE! OTHER! SIDE! EXPERIMENTAL! PROGRAMS!TOGETHER!WITH! THE! PRACTICAL! STUDIES.! THE!MAIN! OBJECTIVE! OF! HEREBY! PRESENTED! STUDIES!WAS! TO!VALIDATE! COMPUTATIONAL! FLUID!DYNAMICS! (CFD)! AVAILABLE! FACILITIES! TOWARDS! THE!HYDRODYNAMIC!FORCES!AND!MOMENTS!PREDICTION! IN!THE!CASE!OF!SHIP!TO!SHIP! INTERACTION!FOR!THE!INFINITE!FLUID!CONDITION.!INVESTIGATED!CONDITIONS!ARE!REPRODUCING!THE!SITUATION!OF! THE! OVERTAKING!MANOEUVRE! IN! GENERAL.! SEVERAL! STUDIES! PROVIDED!WITHIN! THIS!WORK!FOR! THE! DEVELOPING! AN! APPLICABLE! METHODOLOGY! OF! COMPLEX! SHIP! TO! SHIP! INTERACTION!HYDRODYNAMIC!FORCES!AND!MOMENTS!PREDICTIONS,!TAKING!INTO!CONSIDERATION!PARAMETERS!OF! THE!BODY!MOTIONS.! SEVERAL!COMBINATIONS!OF! INFLUENCING!PARAMETERS!ARE!OBSERVED:!SHIP! HULL! LENGTHS,! TRANSVERSE! DISTANCE,! RELATIVE! FROUDE! NUMBERS.! DIMENTIONALIZING!PROCEDURES!FOR!THE!HYDRODYNAMIC!FORCES!AND!MOMENTS!ARE!ALSO!DISCUSSED.! FROM!THE!SIDE! OF! NUMERICAL!MODELLING! VALIDATION!MESH! DEPENDENCY! STUDIES,! TURBULENCE!MODEL!HAD!BEEN!PERFORMED.!!!

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3.4.4!!!NAUTICAL!STUDIES!FOR!THE!OPTIMIZATION!OF!PROJECTS!AND!PORT!OPERATIONS.!FROM!BASIC!DESIGN!TO!TRAINING!OF!SEAFARERS!!!Jose!R.!Iribarren,!Siport21,!Spain.!!Ismael!Verdugo,!Siport21,!Spain.!!Carlos!B.!Cal,!Siport21,!Spain.!!Raul!Redondo,!Siport21,!Spain.!!!OPERATIONS!OF!VESSELS!AT!PORT!ARE!THE!RESULT!OF!THE!INTERACTION!OF!THREE!MAIN!FACTORS:!THE! VESSEL! (WITH! HER! PROPULSION! AND! STEERING! CHARACTERISTICS,! CAPACITY,! ON! BOARD!!

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!EQUIPMENT! ...).! THE! PHYSICAL! ENVIRONMENT! (VERTICAL! AND! HORIZONTAL! DIMENSIONS! OF!FAIRWAYS!AND!BASINS,!METEOROLOGICAL!AND!MARITIME!CONDITIONS);!AND!THE!HUMAN!FACTOR!(MASTERS!AND!OFFICERS,!PILOTS,!TUG!MASTERS,!VESSEL!TRAFFIC!SYSTEMS...).!THUS,!IN!THE!DESIGN!PROCESS! OF! PORT! INFRASTRUCTURES! OR! IN! THE! DEFINITION! OF! OPERATIONAL! CONDITIONS! ALL!THREE! ELEMENTS! MUST! BE! TAKEN! INTO! ACCOUNT.! IT! WILL! ONLY! BE! POSSIBLE! TO! REACH! AN!ADEQUATE! SAFETY! AND!OPERABILITY! LEVEL! IF! ALL! THREE! FACTORS! ARE! INTEGRATED.!NOWADAYS!ADVANCED!SIMULATION!TOOLS!ARE!AVAILABLE!ALLOWING!FOR!A!PRECISE!ASSESSMENT!OF!THESE!ASPECTS.!AMONG!THEM!THERE!ARE!MOORED!SHIP!DYNAMIC!MODELS,!SHIP!TO!SHIP!INTERACTIONS!MODELS,!TRAFFIC!FLOW!SIMULATION!MODELS,!AND!REAL!TIME!MANOEUVRING!SIMULATORS.!!!THE!PAPER!DESCRIBES!THESE!TOOLS!AND!THEIR!APPLICATION!IN!THE!COMPLETE!DESIGN!PROCESS!OF!PORT! TERMINALS! (INFRASTRUCTURE! AND! EQUIPMENT),! ESTABLISHMENT! OF! OPERATIONAL! RULES!(ACCESS,! TOWING,! LOAD/UNLOAD! ...),! RISK! ASSESSMENT! AND! CONTINGENCY! PLANS! (DANGEROUS!GOODS!TERMINALS)!AND!THE!TRANSFER!OF!THIS! INFORMATION!TO!THE!STAKEHOLDERS!THROUGH!EDUCATION!AND!TRAINING.!!!PORT! INFRASTRUCTURES!ARE!DESIGNED!FOR!AN!OPERATIONAL!LIFE!TIME!THAT!LASTS!MORE!THAN!VESSELS! LIFE! TIME.! THEREFORE,! IT! IS! FREQUENT! THAT! PORTS! AND! TERMINALS! HAVE! TO!ACCOMODATE!VESSELS!WITH!DIMENSIONS!OVER!THOSE!INITIALLY!PROJECTED.!THIS!HAS!HAPPENED!WITH!LNG!CARRIERS,!LARGE!CONTAINER!VESSELS!AND!CRUISE!SHIPS.!NEW!VESSEL!CLASSES!FORCE!TO!REVIEW! THE! CAPACITY! OF! THE! TERMINALS! BY! PERFORMING! ANALYSES! THAT! REQUIRE! THE!PARTICIPATION! OF! SEVERAL! STAKEHOLDERS:! PORT! AUTHORITIES,! TERMINAL! OPERATORS,! PILOTS,!TUG!MASTERS,!CAPTAINS!AND!SHIPPING!COMPANIES,!PORT!DESIGNERS,!...!THEREFORE!ALL!PARTIES!HAVE! TO! COME! TO! AN! AGREEMENT! ON! UPDATED! OPERATIONAL! PROCEDURES,! WHICH! MIGHT!INCLUDE! DEFINING! TRAINING! PROGRAMS! FOR! MASTERS,! OFFICERS! AND! PILOTS! PRIOR! TO! THE!ACCESS!OF!NEW!VESSELS.!!!

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3.4.5!!!THE!USE!OF!A!SHIP!SIMULATOR!AS!A!TOOL!FOR!EXHAUST!GAS!EMISSION!ESTIMATION!!!David!Trodden,!Newcastle!University,!United!Kingdom.!!Alan!J.!Murphy,!Newcastle!University,!United!Kingdom.!!Kayvan!Pazouki,!Newcastle!University,!United!Kingdom.!!Michael!Woodward,!Newcastle!University,!United!Kingdom.!!!SHIPPING! FREQUENTLY! PASSES! THROUGH! POPULATION! DENSE! AREAS,! FOR! EXAMPLE! FROM! SEAXGOING!VESSELS!IN!PORT,!SERVICE!VESSELS!IN!PORT,!OR!INLAND!SHIPPING.!THERE!IS!A!REQUIREMENT!TO! ASSESS! THE! QUANTITY! OF! EXHAUST! GAS! EMISSIONS! FROM! THESE! SITUATIONS! IN! ORDER! TO!ESTIMATE!THE!IMPACT!ON!THE!ENVIRONMENT!AND!HUMAN!HEALTH.!!!SHIP’S! ENGINES!COMMONLY!EXPERIENCE!TRANSIENT!OR!PART! LOADING!AS!A! SHIP!MANOEUVRES,!OR! OPERATES! AT! REDUCED! SPEED! DUE! TO! IMPOSED! RESTRICTIONS.! THESE! VARYING! CONDITIONS!CAN! PRODUCE! QUITE! DIFFERENT! QUANTITIES! OF! EMISSIONS! COMPARED! TO! STEADYXSTATE!!

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!CONDITIONS.!TO!REPLICATE!THIS!TRANSIENT!AND!PARTIAL!ENGINE!LOADING,!AND!THE!ASSOCIATED!!EXHAUST!GAS!EMISSIONS,!A!TIMEXDOMAIN!SIMULATOR!HAS!BEEN!DEVELOPED!WHICH! IS!CAPABLE!OF! REPRODUCING! VOYAGE! SCENARIOS.! THIS! ALLOWS! THE! INVESTIGATION! AND! MODELLING! OF!EMISSIONS! ON! THE! ENVIRONMENT! FROM! A! VARYING! OR! PARTLY! LOADED! ENGINE,! LEADING! TO!VOYAGE!OPTIMISATION!STRATEGIES!WHICH!RESULT!IN!MINIMISED!EXHAUST!GAS!EMISSIONS.!!!THIS! PAPER!CONSIDERS! THE!UNDER!PINNING!RATIONALE,!APPLICATIONS!AND!ANALYSIS!WITH!THE!DEVELOPED! SHIP! MANOEUVRING! SIMULATOR,! WITH! SPECIFIC! FOCUS! ON! THE! IMPLICATIONS! FOR!CALCULATING!EXHAUST!GAS!EMISSIONS!UNDER!TRANSIENT!AND!PARTXLOADING!!!!


3.4.6!!!THE!SIMULATION!OF!HISTORIC!SHIP!–!THE!RECORD!BREAKING!TYNE!BUILT!VICTORIAN!‘NORTH!SEA!GREYHOUND’!AND!HER!EDWARDIAN!BLUE!RIBAND!‘GREYHOUND!OF!THE!ATLANTIC’!DAUGHTER!!!Keith!W!Hutchinson,!Babcock!International,!United!Kingdom!!!!THIS! PAPER! WILL! DISCUSS! THE! DESIGN! AND! DEVELOPMENT! OF! THE! FIRSTXEVER! TURBINE!STEAMER! SY! TURBINIA! AND! HER! DIRECT! DESCENDANT! THE! STEAM! TURBINE! PROPELLED!TRANSATLANTIC! LINER! RMS!MAURETANIA.! OVER! A! CENTURY! AFTER! THEIR! CONSTRUCTION! AT!WALLSEND!ON!THE!RIVER!TYNE,!THEIR!MODELLING!ON!THE!SHIP!SIMULATOR!AT!SOUTH!SHIELDS!MARINE!SCHOOL,!ALSO!ON!THE!RIVER!TYNE,!WILL!BE!DISCUSSED!AND!ILLUSTRATED.!!UNFORTUNATELY,! BUT! UNDERSTANDABLY,! NEITHER! TURBINIA! NOR! MAURETANIA! ARE!OPERATIONAL!OR!AFLOAT.!MAURETANIA!WAS!BROKEN!UP!BY!SHIPBREAKERS!METAL!INDUSTRIES!AT! ROSYTH! IN! 1935.! HOWEVER,! TURBINIA! IS! STILL! IN! EXISTENCE! AND! SINCE! 1994! HAS! TAKEN!PRIDE!OF!PLACE!AS!THE!PRINCIPAL!EXHIBIT!AT!NEWCASTLEXUPONXTYNE’S!DISCOVERY!MUSEUM!ALONG!WITH!PARSONS’!ORIGINAL!CAVITATION!TUNNEL.!BOTH!THE!TURBINIA!AND!MAURETANIA!NOW!EXIST!AGAIN!AS!OPERATIONAL!SHIPS,!ALBEIT!VIRTUALLY,!ON!THE!STATE!OF!THE!ART!SHIP!SIMULATOR! AT! SOUTH! SHIELDS! MARINE! SCHOOL.! THE! MATHEMATICAL! MODELLING! AND!DETAILED! GRAPHICAL! REPRESENTATION! OF! THE! TURBINIA! AND! MAURETANIA! WILL! BE!DISCUSSED! ALONG!WITH! THE! CAPABILITIES! OF! THE! SHIP! SIMULATOR! ITSELF.! THE! ‘VIRTUAL’! SY!TURBINIA! AND! RMS! MAURETANIA! WILL! BE! PRESENTED! TO! SHOW! THE! REALISM! OF! CURRENT!SIMULATION!AND,!OF!COURSE,!THE!PERFORMANCE!OF!BOTH!RECORD!BREAKING!SHIPS,!WHICH!WILL!HOPEFULLY!ENCOURAGE!OTHERS!AS!TO!THE!BENEFITS!OF!THE!REALISTIC! SIMULATION!OF!HISTORIC!SHIPS!AND!HENCE!‘BRINGING!THEM!BACK!TO!LIFE’!FOR!THE!CURRENT!GENERATION.!!! !

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4.1.1!!!VALIDATION!OF!THE!MANOEUVRING!BEHAVIOUR!OF!AN!ESTUARY!VESSEL!!!Stijn!Vos,!Flanders!Hydraulics!Research,!Belgium.!!Guillaume!Delefortrie,!Flanders!Hydraulics!Research,!Belgium.!!Wim!Van!Hoydonck,!Flanders!Hydraulics!Research,!Belgium!!!A! 6! DOF!MANOEUVRING!MODEL!OF! AN! ESTUARY! CONTAINER! VESSEL!WAS! IMPLEMENTED! IN! THE!INLAND! NAVIGATION! SIMULATOR! LARA! AT! FLANDERS! HYDRAULICS! RESEARCH.! THE! CONTAINER!VESSEL,!WITH!DIMENSIONS!110!M!X!17.5!M!X!4.5!M,!IS!EQUIPPED!WITH!TWO!ZXDRIVES,!EACH!ONE!EQUIPPED! WITH! TWO! CONTRAXROTATING! PROPELLERS.! BOTH! ZXDRIVES! HAVE! A! 360°! AZIMUTH!ANGLE!OF!OPERATION!DURING!MANOEUVRING.!THE!PAPER!GIVES!AN!OVERVIEW!OF!THE!CONCEPT!OF! ESTUARY! NAVIGATION! AND! DESCRIBES! THE! EXPERIMENTAL! PROGRAM,! THE! MATHEMATICAL!MODEL!AND!THE!VALIDATION!PROCESS!OF!THE!ESTUARY!VESSEL.!!!!

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4.1.2!!!EXPERIMENTAL!STUDY!ON!MANOEUVRABILITY!OF!KVLCC2!IN!SHALLOW!WATER!BY!FREE!RUNNING!MODEL!TEST!!!Kunhang!Yun,!Korea!Research! Institute!of!Ships!and!Ocean!Engineering,!Rep.!of!Korea.!Dong!Jin!Yeo,!Korea!Research!Institute!of!Ships!and!Ocean!Engineering,!Rep.!of!Korea.!Gyehyoung!Ryu,!Korea!Research!Institute!of!Ships!and!Ocean!Engineering,!Rep.!of!Korea.!Yeong\u!Lee,!Korea!Research!Institute!of!Ships!and!Ocean!Engineering,!Rep.!of!Korea.!!!IT! HAS! BEEN! REPORTED! THAT! WHEN! A! SHIP! SAILS! IN! SHALLOW! WATER,! THE! SHIP! HAS! A!TENDENCY! TO! BE! MORE! STABLE,! WHICH! IS! VERIFIED! BY! RESULTS! FROM! SIMULATIONS! AND!EXPERIMENTS,! SUCH! AS! INCREASED! TACTICAL! DIAMETER! ON! TURNING! CIRCLE! TEST! AND!DECREASED!OVERSHOOT! ANGLES! ON! ZIGXZAG! TEST.! THESE! CHARACTERISTICS! OF! THE! SHIP! IN!SHALLOW!WATER!ARE!ALSO!SHOWN!IN!FRMT!(FREE!RUNNING!MODEL!TEST).!IN!THIS!STUDY,!TO!ESTIMATE!THE!SHIP’S!MANOEUVRABILITY! IN!SHALLOW!WATER,!FRMTS!ON!KVLCC2! (1/83.7)! IN!THREE! WATER! DEPTH! CONDITIONS! WERE! CONDUCTED! USING! INDOOR! FRMT! SYSTEM.! THE!STABILITY! OF! KVLCC2! AFFECTED! BY! THE! VARIATION! OF!WATER! DEPTH!WAS! ANALYSED.! TEST!RESULTS!SUCH!AS!TIME,!TRAJECTORY!AND!OVERSHOOT!ANGLES!WERE!COMPARED!WITH!OTHER!RESULTS!FROM!SIMMAN2014!WORKSHOP.!!! !

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4.1.3!!!REAL\TIME!IDENTIFICATION!OF!MANOEUVRABILITY!INDICES!USING!IIR!FILTERS!!!!Changqing!Jiang,!Tokyo!University!of!Marine!Science!and!Technology,!Japan.!Toshio!Iseki,!Tokyo!University!of!Marine!Science!and!Technology,!Japan.!!!A! REALXTIME! IDENTIFICATION! ALGORITHM! IS! APPLIED! TO! THE! SECONDXORDER! LINEAR! NOMOTO!MODEL.! THE! ALGORITHM! CONSISTS! OF! TWO! STEPS.! FIRSTLY,! THE! NOMOTO! MODEL! IS! TIMEXINTEGRATED!IN!ORDER!TO!ELIMINATE!DIFFERENTIATION!TERMS!IN!THE!MODEL.!SECONDLY,!A!CARX!(CONTINUOUS!AUTO!REGRESSIVE!EXOGENOUS)!MODEL!IS!BUILT!USING!SIGNALS!INTEGRATED!BY!THE!IIR!(INFINITE!IMPULSE!RESPONSE)!DIGITAL!FILTERS.!THE!CARX!MODEL!IS!SOLVED!IN!REAL!TIME!BY!THE!RLS! (RECURSIVE! LEAST! SQUARE)! METHOD.! BY! MEANS! OF! THE! PROCEDURE,! THE! MANOEUVRING!INDICES! CAN! BE! EVALUATED! EXPLICTLY! AND! ACCUMULATION! OF! INTEGRATION! ERROR! CAN! BE!AVOIDED.! IN! ORDER! TO! DISCUSS! THE! QUANTITATIVE! ACCURACY,! THE! PROPOSED! PROCEDURE! IS!APPLIED! TO! A! FULLXSCALE! SHIP’S! DATA! AND! COMPARED! TO! THE! RESULTS! OF! THE! FIRST! ORDER!NOMOTO! MODEL.! IT! IS! CONFIRMED! THAT! THE! PROPOSED! ALGORITHM! CAN! PROVIDE! STABLE!RESULTS! UNDER! THE! SEVERAL! CONDITIONS.! MOREOVER,! IT! IS! CLARIFIED! THAT! THE! SPECIAL!MANOEUVRE! SUCH! AS! A! ZIGXZAG! TEST! OR! A! TURNING! CIRCLE! IS! NOT! NEEDED! BUT! A! CERTAIN!DEGREE!OF! STEERING! IS!REQUIRED.! THIS!CONCLUDES!THAT!THE!PROPOSED!ALGORITHM!WITH! I! IR!FILTERS!IS!A!POWERFUL!TOOL!FOR!REALXTIME!IDENTIFICATION!OF!SHIP!MANOEUVRING!INDICES.!!!

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4.1.4!!!A!PARADIGM!SHIFT!IN!SHIPHANDLING!!!Dr.!Seong\Gi!Seo,!Southampton!Solent!University,!UK.!!!THE!CONCEPT!OF!THE!‘PIVOT!POINT’!OF!A!SHIP!HAS!LONG!BEEN!CENTRAL!AND!IMPORTANT!IN!SHIP!HANDLING!AS!THE!PRACTITIONERS!MADE!OUT!THE!GEOMETRY!OF!SHIPS’!MOTION!IN!TERMS!OF!IT.!UNFORTUNATELY!HOWEVER,! IT!WAS!NOT!CLEARLY!UNDERSTOOD!AMONG!THE!PRACTITIONERS!OF!THE!PROFESSION,!WHICH!RESULTED! IN! SOME!CONFUSION!AND!MISUSE!OF! IT.!WITH!THE!CLEARER!EXPOSITION! OF! THE! CONCEPT,! TOGETHER! WITH! THE! ADVANCING! TECHNOLOGY! OF! MOTION!TRACKING!SYSTEMS!AND!GLOBAL!POSITIONING!SYSTEMS,!THE!ACCURATE!LOCATION!OF!THE!PIVOT!POINT!CAN!NOW!BE!READILY!AVAILABLE!IN!REAL!TIME.!THIS!INFORMATION!ENABLES!SHIP!HANDLING!PRACTITIONERS!TO!PERFORM!SAFER!AND!MORE!EFFICIENT!MANOEUVRES!WITHIN!CONFINED!AREAS.!THE!TRAINING!AND!EDUCATION!OF!THE!PROFESSIONALS!SHOULD!THEREFORE!REFLECT!THIS!CHANGE!OF!SCENE.!IN!THIS!PAPER,!THE!SHIP'S!PIVOT!POINT!IS!EXPOUNDED!IN!A!FRESH!LIGHT,!LEADING!TO!AN!EQUATION! FOR! ITS! DEFINITION! AND! TO! OTHERS! FOR! THE! CALCULATION! OF! ITS! LOCATION.! THE!INTERPRETATION! OF! THE! FORMULA! DERIVED! AND! CALCULATION! RESULTS! ARE! DISCUSSED! IN!RELATION!TO!ITS!PRACTICAL!USAGE.!!! !

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4.1.5!!!RESEARCH!ON!SIMULATION!OF!MOORING!LINE’S!OPERATION!WHILE!BERTHING!AND!DE\BERTHING!!!Xiaofeng!SUN,!Dalian!Maritime!University,!P.!R.!China.!!Yong!YIN,!Dalian!Maritime!University,!P.!R.!China.!!Xiufeng!ZHANG,!Dalian!Maritime!University,!P.!R.!China.!!Zhongxian!ZHU,!Dalian!Maritime!University,!P.!R.!China.!!Shitao!ZHAO,!Guangzhou!Maritime!Institute,!P.!R.!China.!!!A! HYDRODYNAMIC! MODEL! OF! SHIP! WITH! MOORING! LINES,! TOGETHER! WITH! A! GRAPHICAL!INTERFACE,! HAS! BEEN! CREATED! FOR! TRAINING! PURPOSES.! ACCORDING! TO! THE! SEPARATED!MODELLING!THEORY,!A!HYDRODYNAMIC!MODEL!OF!SHIP!IS!ESTABLISHED,!WHICH!CAN!BE!USED!TO!SIMULATE!SHIP’S!MOTION!IN!ORDINARYXSPEED!AND!LOWXSPEED!SCENARIOS.!DIFFERENT!MODELS!OF!MOORING!LINES!ARE!ESTABLISHED!TO!SIMULATE!ITS!OPERATION.!BEFORE!BEING!TIED!TO!LINE!SPUD,!MOORING! LINE’S! OPERATION! IS! SIMULATED! BY! A! MASSXSPRING! MODEL,! WHICH! CONSIDERS!GRAVITY,! FRICTION,! AIR! RESISTANCE! AND! OTHER! FORCES! OF! MOORING! LINES! SUFFERED.! THIS!MODEL! ALSO! CONSIDERS! COLLISION! DETECTION! AND! RESPONSE! BETWEEN! MOORING! LINES! AND!OTHER! OBJECTS.! AFTER! THAT,! A!MATHEMATICAL!MODEL! OF!MOORING! LINES,! WHICH! BASED! ON!CATENARY!THEORY,! IS!CREATED!TO!SIMULATE! ITS!EFFECT!ON!THE!SHIP’S!MANOEUVRING!MOTION.!VISUALIZATION! IS! IMPLEMENTED! USING! OPEN! SOURCE! SCENE! MANAGEMENT! SOFTWARE!OPENSCENEGRAPH,!WHICH!ENHANCES!UNDERSTANDING!OF!MOORING!LINE’S!OPERATION!GREATLY.!SIMULATIONS!HAVE!BEEN!UNDERTAKEN!BASED!ON!TRAINING!SHIP!“YUKUN”!OF!DALIAN!MARITIME!UNIVERSITY.! THE! SIMULATED! MOORING! LINE’S! OPERATION! PROCESS! AND! ITS! EFFECT! TO! SHIP’S!MANOEUVRE! MOTION! ARE! RATIONAL,! AND! THE! VISUALIZATION! IS! LIVELY,! SHOWING! THAT! THE!PRESENTED! MODEL! CAN! BE! USED! IN! THE! SIMULATION! OF! MOORING! LINES! OPERATION! WHILE!BERTHING!AND!DEXBERTHING.!!!!

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4.1.6!!!MODELING!OF!SHIP!IN!ICE!AND!APPLICATION!IN!MARINE!SIMULATOR!!!Xiufeng!Zhang,!Dalian!Maritime!University,!Dalian!city,!Liaoning!Province,!China.!!Yong!Yin,!Dalian!Maritime!University,!Dalian!city,!Liaoning!Province,!China.!!Xiaofeng!Sun,!Dalian!Maritime!University,!Dalian!city,!Liaoning!Province,!China.!!Hailong!Chen,!Dalian!Maritime!University,!Dalian!city,!Liaoning!Province,!China.!!!THE!MATHEMATICAL!MODEL!OF!SHIP!MOTION!IN!ICE!HAS!BEEN!ESTABLISHED!BY!THE!PAPER!BASED!ON! THE! IDEAS! OF! MMG.! NOWADAYS,! THE! RESEARCH! OF! THE! MATHEMATICAL! MODEL! OF! SHIP!MOTION!IN!ICE!IS!RELATIVE!LITTLE,!BUT!THIS!MODEL!HAS!BEEN!ALREADY!ESTABLISHED!BY!CANADA!AND! NORWAY,! AND! IT! CAN! BE! APPLIED! TO! THE! PREDICTION! OF! THE! SHIP’S! MANOEUVRABILITY.!THEREFORE,! THIS! PAPER! USES! THE! C++! PROGRAMMING! LANGUAGE! TO! ESTABLISH! THE! THREE!!!

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!DEGREES! OF! FREEDOM! MATHEMATICAL! MODEL! OF! SHIP! MOTION! IN! ICE! ON! THE! BASIS! OF! THE!FOREIGN!RESEARCH!AND!TO!APPLY!IT!IN!THE!MARINER!SIMULATOR!OF!CHINA.!THE!PAPER!PUTS!THE!ICEBREAKING! PROCESS! INTO! 3! STAGES! ARTIFICIALLY! FOR! ESTABLISHING! THE!MODEL! EASILY.! THEN!THE!FORCE!ON!THE!HULL!IS!CALCULATED,!AND!TAKES!IT!TO!THE!SHIP!MOTION!EQUATIONS!TO!GETS!THE! SHIP!MOTION! STATES.! THE! ICEBREAKER! AHTS/IB! TOR! VIKING!�! IS! TAKEN! FOR! EXAMPLE! FOR!STRAIGHT! SAILING! IN! THE! ICEXFREE! FIELD! AND! THE! STRAIGHT! SAILING! AND! TURNING! TEST! IN! ICE!FIELD.! AFTER! OBTAINING! THE! SURGE! SPEED,! SWAY! SPEED! AND! ROTATING! ANGULAR! RATE,! IT! IS!COMPARED!WITH! THE!REAL! SHIP’S! SEA! TRAIL,! AND!THE!RESULT! SHOWS!THE!CORRECTION!OF! THE!MODEL.!THE!POSITION!AND!COURSE!OF!THE!SHIP!IS!DISPLAYED!IN!VISUAL.!A!THEORETICAL!BASIS!FOR!THE!SHIP!NAVIGATION!IN!ICE!IN!MARINE!SIMULATOR!IS!PROVIDED!BY!THE!MATHEMATICAL!MODEL!ESTABLISHED!IN!THIS!PAPER.!!!

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4.2.1!!!WIND!LOADS!ON!SHIPS!IN!A!COMPLEX!ENVIRONMENT!!!Ing.!H.!J.!van!Wijhe,!Port!of!Rotterdam,!The!Netherlands.!Ir!W.D.!Janssen,!Building!Physics!and!Services,!Department!of!the!Built!Environment,!Eindhoven!University!of!Technology,!the!Netherlands!Prof.!dr.!ir.!B.!Blocken,!Building!Physics!and!Services,!Department!of!the!Built!Environment,!Eindhoven!University!of!Technology,!the!Netherlands!!!ABSTRACT:! BUILDINGS! BEING! BUILT! NEAR! THE! CRUISE! TERMINAL! IN! ROTTERDAM! ARE! BECOMING!EVER!HIGHER!AND!BIGGER.!THE!CRUISE!VESSELS!CALLING!AT!THE!PASSENGER!TERMINAL!ARE!ALSO!BECOMING!BIGGER!AND!THEIR!AIR!DRAFT!AND!LATERAL!SURFACE!IS!INCREASING!ACCORDINGLY.!THE!INFLUENCE! OF! THE! HIGH! RISE! BUILDINGS! AND! THE! CRUISE! SHIPS! ON! THE! LOCAL! WIND! FIELD! IS!SUBSTANTIAL.!THE!RESULTING!COMPLEX!WIND!SITUATION,!IN!WHICH!WIND!FIELDS!CAN!INFLUENCE!AND!AMPLIFY!EACH!OTHER!CONSIDERABLY,!CAN!CAUSE!HIGH!WIND!LOADS!ON!SHIPS.!THE!PORT!OF!ROTTERDAM! IS! KEENLY! INTERESTED! IN! DETERMINING! POSSIBLE! WIND! LOADS! ON! SHIPS! IN! THE!COMPLEX!ENVIRONMENT!OF!THE!PASSENGER!TERMINAL!IN!ORDER!TO!BE!ABLE!TO!MAINTAIN!A!SAFE!ADMITTANCE! POLICY.! THEREFOR! EINDHOVEN! UNIVERSITY! OF! TECHNOLOGY! AND! THE! PORT! OF!ROTTERDAM! DEVELOPED! DEDICATED! SOFTWARE! TO! BE! ABLE! TO! CALCULATE! THE! FORCES! AND!MOMENTS!EXERTED!ON!A!SHIP!BY!WIND!IN!A!COMPLEX!ENVIRONMENT.!!! !

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4.2.2!!!DEVELOPMENT!OF!THE!TRANSPETRO!SIMULATION!CENTER!!!Felipe!Rateiro,!Numerical!Offshore!Tank!(TPN)!University!of!São!Paulo,!São!Paulo,!SP,!Brazil.!!Denis!Taniguchi,!Numerical!Offshore!Tank!(TPN)!University!of!São!Paulo,!São!Paulo,!SP,!Brazil.!!Eduardo!A.!Tannuri,!Numerical!Offshore!Tank!(TPN)!University!of!São!Paulo,!São!Paulo,!SP,!Brazil.!!Fabiano!P.!Rampazzo,!Technomar!Engenharia,!São!Paulo,!SP,!Brazil.!!José!Menezes!Filho,!Petrobras!Transpetro!S/A,!Rio!de!Janeiro,!RJ,!Brazil.!!Raildo!Viana!do!N.!Júnior,!Petrobras!Transpetro!S/A,!Rio!de!Janeiro,!RJ,!Brazil.!!Giuseppe!F.!Oliveira,!Petrobras!Transpetro!S/A,!Rio!de!Janeiro,!RJ,!Brazil.!!!THIS!PAPER!PRESENTS!ASPECTS!OF!THE!NEW!TRANSPETRO!SIMULATION!CENTER.!THIS!CENTER!WAS!BUILT! IN! THE! CONTEXT! OF! A! LARGER! PROJECT,! CALLED! THE! TRANSPETRO! ACADEMY,! WHICH!PROVIDES! SEVERAL! COURSES! FOR! THEIR! EMPLOYEES! IN!ORDER! TO! IMPROVE! THEIR!OPERATIONAL!EFFICIENCY.!A!BRIEF!REVIEW!OF!THE!SIMULATOR!NUMERICAL!CODE!IS!PRESENTED,!AS!WELL!AS!THE!DESCRIPTION! OF! THE! SIMULATION! CENTER! FACILITIES.! ANOTHER! OBJECTIVE! OF! THIS! PAPER! IS! TO!REPORT! HOW! TRANSPETRO! INTENDS! TO! USE! SIMULATION! TOOLS! TO! PROVIDE! HIGH! QUALITY!TRAINING!TO!ITS!CREW!MEMBERS.!!!!


4.2.3!!!REVIEW!OF!THE!SIMMAN!2014!WORKSHOP!ON!THE!STATE!OF!THE!ART!OF!PREDICTION!TECHNIQUES!FOR!SHIP!MANOEUVRABILITY!!!Frans!Quadvlieg,!MARIN,!The!Netherlands.!Claus!Simonsen!and!Janne!Otzen,!FORCE!Technology,!Denmark;!Frederick!Stern,!University!of!Iowa,!IIHR,!USA.!!!IN! DECEMBER! 2014,! A! WORKSHOP! WAS! HELD! WITH! ABOUT! 60! MANOEUVRING! EXPERTS.! THE!OBJECTIVE!OF!THE!WORKSHOP!WAS!TO!OBTAIN!AND!ASSESS!AND!DISCUSS!THE!STATE!OF!THE!ART!IN!MANOEUVRING! PREDICTION! TECHNIQUES.! THE! WORKSHOP! LEANED! ON! THE! MANY! VOLUNTARY!SUBMISSIONS,!MADE!BY!ORGANISATIONS!WORLDXWIDE.!10!EXPERTS!LEADED!THE!DISCUSSIONS.!!!CONCLUSIONS!WERE!DRAWN!BASED!ON!SUBMISSIONS!FOR!THE!FOLLOWING!CONDITIONS:!!•!KVLCC2!IN!DEEP!WATER!AT!15.5!KNOTS!!•!KVLCC2!IN!SHALLOW!WATER!(H/T!=!1.5!AND!H/T=1.2)!AT!7!KNOTS!!•!KCS!IN!DEEP!WATER!AT!24!KNOTS!!•!KCS!IN!SHALLOW!WATER!(H/T=1.2)!AT!8.75!KNOTS!!•!5415M!IN!DEEP!WATER!AT!18!AND!30!KNOTS!!!INTERESTING! WAS! THAT! THERE! WERE! PREDICTED! MANOEUVRING! PREDICTIONS! BASED! ON! CFD,!BASED!ON!MODEL! TESTS,! AND! BASED!ON! PURELY! EMPIRICAL! PREDICTIONS.! FOR! THE! NUMERICAL!SIMULATIONS,!DIFFERENT!MATHEMATICAL!MODELS!HAVE!BEEN!USED.!THE!PAPER!1)!GIVES!A!SHORT!!!

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!OVERVIEW! OF! THE! WORKSHOP! AND! 2)! PRESENTS! SOME! KEY! FINDINGS,! SUCH! AS:! A)! THE!IMPORTANCE! OF! MODEL! THAT! INCLUDE! THE! ROLL! MOTION! (WHICH! TURN! OUT! TO! BE! VERY!IMPORTANT! FOR! THE! PREDICTION! OF! THE! CORRECT! MANOEUVRING! BEHAVIOUR! OF! THE! KCS).!!B)!FURTHERMORE,!THE!REMARKABLE!CAPABILITY!OF!CFD,!WHICH!IN!THE!HANDS!OF!EXPERT!USERS,!DEMONSTRATE! TO! GIVE! GOOD! RESULTS.! C)! THE! FINDINGS! ABOUT! THE! PREDICTION! TECHNIQUES!ABOUT!MANOEUVRING!CAPABILITIES!IN!SHALLOW!WATER.!!!THE! PAPER! FOCUSES! ON! THE! ORGANISATION! AND! THE! DESCRIPTION! OF! THE! WORKSHOP! AND!EMPHASISES!THE!ENORMOUS!AMOUNT!OF!USEFUL!DATA!THAT!IS!GATHERED.!THE!AVAILABLE!DATA!IS! ILLUSTRATED.! A! SECOND! ROUND! OF! ANALYSIS! IS! PRESENTLY! UNDERTAKEN! AND! FURTHER!CONCLUSIONS!ARE!IN!PROGRESS.!!!!

international!conference!on! ship!manoeuvrability!and ... · international!conference!on!...

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