internet of things towards new frontiers of … of things - towards new frontiers of knowledge...
TRANSCRIPT
Internet of Things -Towards New Frontiers of Knowledge Management
IC3K 2012 Barcelona, October 4, 2012
Florian Michahelles, Auto-ID Labs/ETH Zurich [email protected] autoidlabs.ch florian-michahelles.blogspot.com
Th ompu r for th b~ ~~ ,l~t,~,.,~rwptury
Internet o Things
Internet-oriented
email WWW phone ...
SMTP HTIP RTP ...
TCP UDP ...
established sphere of networked information IP
www.ipso-alliance.org www. webofthings.com
CSMA async sonet...
copper fiber radio ...
n
"
I '
Loca I ization Sensors
Physical property Senaor Output - -- -
Temperature lhtrmOCOt.IPie Voltage
SJicoo VOltage o.rront
Ros;stance temperature -tor (RTD) RHtStance
lllo<mi>tor Resrstance
ForcefPreasure Straol Gauge Ret1stance
Poem.tOCiric v~
Acce~ratlon ~ c.paatanoe
Flow Transducer Volt.ogt
Transm.ner Volt.ogeiCUrront
Position Unear Verlable Doneronual Tra~fonnors (LVOT) ACVoftago
Uglrt lnten•lty "'lotodocle C~nt
Quelfl KtltU ''at (Z004l ~. Sou= OECD boMd on Wilson. 2005
Near Field versus Far Field
Tag IC
Antenna
oop antenna Far-field UHF tag with dipole antenna
atomic components to link the world
RFID UID NFC WSN
8 1 EPCgtobat~ 0
http://www.epcglobalinc. org/standards/architecture
-
Standard Objective Status Comm. Data rate Unitary range (m ) (kbps) cost($)
Standardization activities discussed in this section EPCglobal Integration of RFID technology into the electronic product code (EPC) framework. Advanced rv1 "'1 02 rvO.Ol
which allows for sharing of information related to products GRlFS European Coordinated Action aimed at defining RFID standards supporting the Ongoing ~1 "'1 02 "-'0.01
transition from localized RFID applications to the lncemet of Things M2M Definition of cost-effective solutions for machine-to-m achine (M2M) Ongoing N.S. N.S. N.S.
communications, which should allow t he related market to take off 6LoWPAN Integration of low-power IEEE 802.15.4 devices into IPv6 networks Ongoing 10-100 "'102
"'1 ROLL Definition of routing protocols for heterogeneous low-power and lossy networks Ongoing N.S. N.S. N.S.
Other relevant standardization activities NFC Definition of a set of protocols for low range and bidirectional communications Advanced ,..., 1 o-2 Up to 424 rvO.l Wireless Definition of protocols for self-organizing, self-healing and mesh architectures over Advanced 10-100 "'1 02
"'1 Hart IEEE 802.1 5.4 devices
Zig Bee Enabling reliable, cost-effective, low- power, wirelessiy networked, monitoring and Advanced 10- 100 "'102 "'1 control products
Luigi Atzori, Antonio I era, Giacomo Morabito. The Internet of Things: A survey, Computer Networks 54 (201 0) 2787,805.
McKinsey Quarterly 2010 Number 2
- .. ---3 ........... ........ -.... I I .......
Knowledge Mgmt: wisdom from people-data Internet of Things: wisdom from thing-data
context independence wisdom
/ understat)ding knowledge pnnc1ples
/ 1Ul.derstanding Data is a collection meaningless numbers (raw input) / 1ll patterns Informat ion relates to description, definition, or perspective (what, who, when, where).
information Knowledge comprises strategy, practice, method, or approach (how). Wisdom embodies principle, insight, moral, or archetype (why).
understanding relations
data----------~•-. understanding
[http://www.systems-thinking.org/kmgmt/kmgmt.htm]
Group
K
J
H
G
F
E
D
c
Group Variable Data
Generic Transient Static Data
Variable Group Static Data
Unique Permanent Static Data
level
3
4
Sentient (Human)
Electronic Active
Electronic Passive or
Active
PassiveOptical or Electronic
5 Passive-Optical (Bar Code etc.) ,....L----------------------,==--....,...---------..1..--,. ______________ _________________ ______________ _ _
B
A
Source : ©Will iams : CSI Library
Group Static Data
Items without connectivity to the 'Internet of Things'
Passive-Optical 6 (Bar Code etc.)
[source: Bob Williams, What is the Real Business Case for the Internet of Things?, Synthesis journal, iTSC, 2008]
·-· ....... --~· ·--=: ~ :-
---· --~
~ ~~-
1·~~- ·-·~~ -"~-w"'l
Augm ented Reality
loT-A loT-A (257521)
Internet of Things· Architecture
Applications -
Figure 19: Diagram depicting the functional view of the loT reference architecture. Each major box represents a functionality group, while the smaller boxes represent functional components. The lines between functionality groups -terminating in ellipses- represent interfaces.
S<'rvice integration
Embedded Innovators · product-centric se rvice o tlerings • pr~mptivP pr~Ktion<>
• uwestigate hfe<:ycle (e.g. mt'llntenance, replenishement)
source: "' .........
Fou' St:r•tegic:-5 ror ttoo
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service intcgrt~tion Aggregator
• focus on multi vendOf'dJta fntegraOon • vertk:al lntegratk;ln lnsreacl of prodl•cr lifecyt;IP • managing relationships • dJta processing. analyUC~ w.)rehousing • revenue: SEihng Information services
~~ fl':l);.; i c
Solutionist
Synergist
• focus on assodated .)Ctivrties • n!Odcl new pr<Kc.':SS.cs . high-va lue activies
.. were<
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• ~slon or <1fl ta·polnts
-·-·--·- • prodUcts providing data • locu:s on communi ty bui lding
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Embedded Innovators
• product-centric service offerings • preemptive predictions • investigate lifecycle (e.g. maintenance, replenishement)
service integration
• •
feedback on transportation behavior
jsouru· tonsolvo. Md)OIItd,IAM•y Thtory 011\.'ell Ocutgr !ootr•~eg.e$ fOf' Te«~nolo.s~e5 ;h.aot SI.I,IIPM ~lt~r C~p "'! hl'rydol)' lllf' CMI/OO'J J
• tracking of behavior • garden metaphor for visualization
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· focus on associated activities • model new processes · high-value activies
--·---.. -----·--~--· ---·--·---::."':"~...:;'"--=~-______ .. _ :..-.. ~- .. -
requirements, financing. installing, testing. maintaining. repleneshing. training. scanning, interpreting. updating ...
Source: GE
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• focus on multi-vendor data integration • vertical integration instead of product lifecycle • managing relationships • data processing, analytics, warehousing • revenue: selling information services
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F()(d and Bug Labs Develop Opeo-Soorce R&D Platfonn for Soc•ally-Nelworked ln-<:ar Connecbvlty lnnovabon
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EX'!) ARDUINO
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source: www.arduino.cc
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I fill
• provision of data-points • products providing data
•
THE COPENHAGEN WHEEL
source: senseable.mit.edu/copenhagenwheel/
GET STARTED NUf(.ti:U._~Olf ... a:; .lolJ¥D,-naJ: A,fl,.'l)
ML'o~Ct""-an:n~
• focus on community bu ilding
•
Future Kiosk
Hybrid Shopping
Product Twitter
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Crowsourcing A playful approach of crowsourcing barcode master-data
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Future Kiosk
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Peter 0.
Graanit K.
Dimitri w.
Ok.- ist volt der Hammer
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lch find ok.- mega gueti Produkte zu tolla Prllse ... aber d'Chaugummis chlebet zu fescht aa da Zah.
" Hehehe, war cool am Sonntag
...
Embedding Social Networks on the Sales Floor
Social Media: Facebook Product Fan Page
fJcebook
ok.- ok.-
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Public Display Field Experiment
Facebook comments updated daily
Digital signage w/social network comments increase sales. Product comments are stronger than brand comments.
Text-based messages are harder to read than classical advertising. Digital natives like seeing themselves or friends on screen.
Product Twitter
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. ,..,. __ __
Crowsourcing A playful approach of crowsourcing barcode master-data
-!! Towards an Open Product Repository
Using Playful Crowdsourcing
ic-. • --
Budde, A., Michahelles, F.: Product Empire- Serious playing with barcodes: Internet of Things 2010 Conference (loT201 0), Tokyo, 2010
• Fiek
Insurance as a feature
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Virtual value chain .------ ----------. - -
• accurate, • complete, • detailed, • and rapid.
manage real time demand
''~ Walmart "•'· Save money. Live better.
-.. -----.,---·-· -- _, .. _.,_ . ..,_ .. __ ... ___ .. __ _ .. -.. ---.. --______ ,_,_.,. __ __ ....... -.. ........ --o--
Collaborative Business Model • openly sharing:-> open source • tap into specialist knowledge from
contributors and participants • creating communities of collaborating devices
• allows problems to be solved quickly and accurately.
• diagnostic approaches are captured and readily available for reuse
Open System
Closed System
Qualified Group of Innovators
A community where a focused player proposes a solution system and invites participants to add value (e .g. The Apple iPhone App Store)
Select Group of Focused Innovators
A community where a focused player designs a solution system and chooses a group of select players with distinct skills to participate (e.g. select automotive systems design partnerships)
Command & Control
"Come One - Come All" Group of Innovators
A community where any and all participants can propose and design solution systems (e.g. open source software projects)
Select Group of Focused Innovators
A closed or private community of developer/designers of system solutions (e.g. focused partnerships utilized to design large scale products such as the Joint Strike Fighter Jet)
Federated Participation
http://www.harborresearch.com/ literature 60961/The Internet of Things Meets The Internet of People
blur between producers and consumers 8 U~vtew ii CIOuclV- ~ ..• , •
Q l 9 t 1 I "I I• " • ~ ~ 1 ' ~, I ' 9 f I J q • •' ~' • • f ! r 4 • t'" • I
I Sattllilt I Tetrain I
-- .,. .. -- - -~~~~ • RSS I .. Alofll
pachube.org
• allow clients to play a more active role as agents of production • enable businesses to develop by sharing existing resources. • efficient distribution thanks to permanent and ubiquitous connectivity • enabling collaboration and interaction between the different agents
across the network
Drivers
Hybrid Shopping Insurance as a feature
fuwre J6osk Product Tw1tter CrOlVSOUrcing
Virtual value chain • accurate, - ,,. ,• 'tit~/>."' ·complete, ·~~r·~·~·'·• $). • detailed, ~ w~ .,, ·and rapid. '
•ilfllw(l¢,o:.otii~J-'1.,.,.-to:.WIMI•a'-.to~<~..:..-.lpolld:IO:Ifft ·~loebt.Qn-!edt«~Qpby$""""~C"lttll~re$(1Ui'«$. ·c:ffidercdlwt.lwen.,.,..$«> t.,......,ncrl lll'd ..ttql>(tUI«:~ ·c:nt*:f"'t<~{(kntndlrw:to"ll'dl(n~"'h<!dllreoctnl t~~to:J'U ,wr.....,.ll'w_.•k
Collaborative Business Model . openly sharing: -> open source • rap inro spedaltsr kno•Nie(lge from
contributors and participants . <reaong <ommuni041'S of<ollaboraring devices
• .1llows problems to be solved quickly and (I(Curarely.
• diclgnoslk approoches are Ulptured and read1ly avatlable for reuse
It ll!!!i I ! ill iii· Ill+ I
i !d ilif I
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II II
Open issue
St.lndards Mobility support
N~ming
Transport protocol
Traffic ch.lracterizatioo and QoS support
Authenliution
Privacy
l>oglt•l forgetting
Challenges Brief descripl ion o( the ciluse
There .ue ~~r<tl sc;·mct.udtZAtton riTort..s but they are not integrated tn ,, com1>rehen.sive fram.eYJOrk There are ~al J>ropos.als lor ob)e« Olddressing but none for mobtllly SUPJlOrl in the loT scellOkriO. v..rhere $C.llabtlity and ~'pt.lbillty to heterogeneous rcrllnotog~ represent cruca,il problems Obj«t Nan"' Setwt> (ONS) ore ne«<ed to map a reference 10 a descripuon ol • speofic ob,1«1 and the reWed idemifier • .and vw Vf'rSG
Existmg transport proeocoh fail In the loT sc:en.uios since thetr connecllon setup Mld congestion conttol mectwu$rnS nuy be ~: furthermore. they require cxcess•ve: buffenns 10 be tmplemented m objects The loT Will s,cneroltt d.u.-atrarfk Wllh patterns that art" exprctrd to~ Sllf'trica.ntty dtfferrnt from lhose observed in tht current lnterMt. Accordingly. it will also be necessary to dtfi~ Mw QoS rrqui~e:nts and S\tppon sctlemes Authcnucatton ls difflcull In the loT J.S it requires appropnatc aulhenlic.adon inrrastructures that wtll not be avt~ilable in loT scen.lrios. Fu rthermo re. thmgs ha~ sarce ~source.s when comp.ucd to current communic.adon ,\nd computi113 devka Also man-in-the-middle a11.1ck is a serious prohlem This is usually en<UI'Cd by protecting data with passwords. However, the p.Hsword lengths sup(XIrted by loT technologies 111'e in most cases too short to provide s trong levels of fJ I'Otection A lot of priv<~re inl'orm:uion tlbout a person crtn ~collected without the person being ,:~ware. Co n i rol Oil
the diO'usion of all such informat1on 1$ impossible with current techniques All the infonmll ion collected about .1 ~rson by the loT may be retained tndelinitely as the cost or storage decrease~. Also d:ua mining techniques can be used to easily ret neve any inronnat1on even afier seve"'l yc.ars
· identification
· communication
· sensing/localization
processing
· user - interface
lUt8t Atzor\ Antonio lera. Giacomo Mofat).to. The Internet ollh1ngs.: A survey. ComJ)\Aet Ne-rwort5 54 (2010) 2787.80S.
Research Questions
Which data to capture? What sensors to measure? How to correlate sensor readings across multiple devices? How to interpret data with regards to context of use? How to represent thing knowledge? Whate business incentives to share knowledge?
~ -~ ~ ~
~-=1 ~1..~;::~~~· ; .. .:; ·.
Open issue
Standards Mobility support
Naming
Transport protocol
Traffic characterization and QoS support
Authentication
Data integrity
Privacy
Digital forgetting
Brief description of the cause
There are several standardization efforts but they are not integrated in a comprehensive framework There are several proposals for object addressing but none for mobility support in the loT scenario, where sca lability and adaptability to heterogeneous technologies represent crucial problems Object Name Servers (ONS) are needed to map a reference to a description of a specific object and the related identifier, and vice versa Existing t ransport protocols fail in the loT scenarios since their connection setup and congestion control mechanisms may be useless; furthermore, they require excessive buffering to be implemented in objects The loT will generate data traffic wi th patterns that are expected to be significantly different from those observed in the current Internet. Accordingly, it will also be necessary to define new QoS requirements and support schemes Authentication is difficult in the loT as it requires appropriate authentication infrastructures that will not be available in loT scenarios. Furthermore, things have scarce resources when compared to current communication and computing devices. Also man-in-the-middle attack is a serious problem This is usually ensured by protecting data with passwords. However, the password lengths supported by loT technologies are in most cases too short to provide st rong levels of protection A lot of private information about a person can be collected without the person being aware. Control on the di ffusion of all such information is impossible with current techniques All the information collected about a person by the loT may be retained indefinitely as the cost of storage decreases. Also data mining techniques can be used to easily retrieve any information even after several years
Luigi Atzori, Antonio lera, Giacomo Morabito. The Internet of Things: A survey, Computer Networks 54 (2010) 2787,805.
· ide ntifi cation
· communication
• sensing/localization
•
· processtng
· user- interface
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LogMeln buys UK ~:::::.~:; start-up Pachube ~ . U",( ~ ..;,p ?cc:r>J.be • -[->~:;, de--eoCPf · - • sof:-vare ~=- •:-. .:):-e:'\an:.d de· "teeS "has bee::. :Ocr..:.g!-_~ l:::y :o;~.~:r: for s:sm Jr. - a C::ts.~
Research Questions
Which data to capture? What sensors to measure? How to correlate sensor readings across multiple devices? How to interpret data with regards to context of use? How to represent thing knowledge? Whate business incentives to share knowledge?
'the Evoluti m ... , ... , ....
on ofinternet of Things
Take the world on line
The example
How it works
Technolog1es
On the marl<et
""~"'~ ~ ~ !, ---- ~~~~0 l~ ~ J!
Let things become
intelligent
Take control of the world
Let the things talk to each
other
The packages that we send are tracked on the Web and we know where they are.
Moving objects are uniquely identified by a code. They have an information shadow on line, but there is no direct interaction with the object.
RFID NearFieldCommunic a lion Barcode Visual Recognization
Champion chip Cottari RFID Stiokybits, Mir:row It's alive inside Traced oows Catchthebusapp Nokia 6212, I Carte Google Shopper SoundHound Shazam Pica sa
Lost or stolen objects (eg keys or car) can tell us where they are.
The objects are connected to the Internet and interact with people: they communicate, take orders and state information about themselves (e.g. their position il they are lost).
Remote control
iTunes Remote Homecamera Withings Botannicalls
Pants can water themselves when they are thirsty.
Objects communicate with each other and action each other to the occurrence or certain conditions.
Machme2Mach,ne
Goodmghtlamp oPhone+N1ke (Nike+) Poken Pachube
The alarm can ring earlier in case of traffic or bad weather.
~~e~: ~Ye~~u;~~~~e they provide information that can be elaborated and used as new knowledge.
Object Generated Content (OGC) Oevioe to grid
Win eM Nike Human Race GlowCap Intelligent meters
Source: Casateggio Associati, 2011 - www.casateggio.iVinternet_of_things @@®(!)®
http://casaleggio.it/internet of th ings/
'the Evolution STRf ATEIGIEDIRETE et of Things o ntern
The orld lflrmi\ 1 thelnP- ~~
Take the world on line
The example
0~~ uwu
Take control of the world ::_--=.._~
Let the things talk to each
other
Let things become
intelligent
Thank you very much!
Internet of Things-Towards New Frontiers of Knowledge Management
IC3K 2012 Barcelona, October 4, 2012
Florian Michahelles, Auto-ID Labs/ETH Zurich [email protected] a uta i d I a bs. c h flo ria n-m i c h a he II es. b I o gs pot. com