internet technologies1 xslt processing xml using xslt using xpath

Internet Technologies 1

XSLT

• Processing XML using XSLT

• Using XPath


Processing XML using XSLT

XSLT is available in Java and C#/.NET


<?xml version="1.0" ?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="demo1.xsl"?><book> <title>The Catcher in the Rye</title> <author>J. D. Salinger</author> <publisher>Little, Brown and Company</publisher> </book>

Input


<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">

<xsl:template match = "book"> <HTML><BODY><xsl:apply-templates/></BODY></HTML> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match = "title"> <H1><xsl:apply-templates/></H1> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match = "author"> <H3><xsl:apply-templates/></H3> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match = "publisher"> <P><I><xsl:apply-templates/></I></P> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet> Processing


<HTML><BODY> <H1>The Catcher in the Rye</H1> <H3>J. D. Salinger</H3> <P><I>Little, Brown and Company</I></P> </BODY></HTML>

Output


<?xml version="1.0" ?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="demo1.xsl"?><library><block><book> <title>The Catcher in the Rye</title> <author>J. D. Salinger</author> <publisher>Little, Brown and Company</publisher> </book></block></library>

Input


<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"

version="1.0">

<xsl:template match = "book">

<HTML><BODY><xsl:apply-templates/></BODY></HTML>

</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "title">

<H1><xsl:apply-templates/></H1>

</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "author">

<H3><xsl:apply-templates/></H3>

</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "publisher">

<P><I><xsl:apply-templates/></I></P>

</xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

The default rules matchesthe root, library and block elements.


<HTML><BODY> <H1>The Catcher in the Rye</H1> <H3>J. D. Salinger</H3> <P><I>Little, Brown and Company</I></P> </BODY></HTML>

The output is the same.


<?xml version="1.0" ?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="demo1.xsl"?>

<book> <title>The Catcher in the Rye</title> <author>J. D. Salinger</author> <publisher>Little, Brown and Company</publisher> <book>Cliff Notes on The Catcher in the Rye</book> </book>

Two books in the input



<xsl:template match = "book"> <HTML><BODY><xsl:apply-templates/></BODY></HTML> </xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "title"> <H1><xsl:apply-templates/></H1> </xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "author"> <H3><xsl:apply-templates/></H3> </xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "publisher"> <P><I><xsl:apply-templates/></I></P> </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

What’s the output?


<HTML><BODY> <H1>The Catcher in the Rye</H1> <H3>J. D. Salinger</H3> <P><I>Little, Brown and Company</I></P> <HTML><BODY>Cliff Notes on The Catcher in the Rye</BODY></HTML> </BODY></HTML>

Illegal HTML



<book> <title>The Catcher in the Rye</title> <author>J. D. Salinger</author> <publisher>Little, Brown and Company</publisher> </book>

Input

<xsl:template match = "author"> <H3><xsl:apply-templates/></H3> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>

We are not matchingon publisher.


<HTML><BODY> <H1>The Catcher in the Rye</H1> <H3>J. D. Salinger</H3> Little, Brown and Company </BODY></HTML>

We get the default rule matching thepublisher and then printing its child.



<book> <title>The Catcher in the Rye</title> <author>J. D. Salinger</author> <publisher>Little, Brown and Company</publisher> </book>

Input

<xsl:template match = "publisher">  </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

We can skip the publisherby matching and stoppingthe recursion.


<HTML><BODY> <H1>The Catcher in the Rye</H1> <H3>J. D. Salinger</H3> </BODY></HTML>


<?xml version="1.0" ?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="demo1.xsl"?><shelf> <book> <title>The Catcher in the Rye</title> <author>J. D. Salinger</author> <publisher>Little, Brown and Company</publisher> </book> <book> <title>The Catcher in the Rye</title> <author>J. D. Salinger</author> <publisher>Little, Brown and Company</publisher> </book> <book> <title>The Catcher in the Rye</title> <author>J. D. Salinger</author> <publisher>Little, Brown and Company</publisher> </book></shelf>

A shelfhas many books.






<xsl:template match = "publisher"> <i><xsl:apply-templates/></i> </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

Will this do the job?


<HTML> <BODY> <H1>The Catcher in the Rye</H1> <H3>J. D. Salinger</H3> <i>Little, Brown and Company</i> </BODY></HTML><HTML> <BODY> <H1>The Catcher in the Rye</H1> <H3>J. D. Salinger</H3> <i>Little, Brown and Company</i> </BODY></HTML><HTML> <BODY> <H1>The Catcher in the Rye</H1> <H3>J. D. Salinger</H3> <i>Little, Brown and Company</i> </BODY></HTML>

This is not whatwe want.



Same input.



<xsl:template match = "shelf"> <HTML><BODY>Found a shelf</BODY></HTML> </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

Checks for a shelf and quits.


<HTML><BODY>Found a shelf</BODY></HTML>

Output



Same input.



<xsl:template match = "shelf"> <HTML> <BODY> <b>These are a few of my favorite books</b> <table width = "640“ border = “5”> <xsl:apply-templates/> </table> </BODY> </HTML> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match = "book"> <tr> <td> <xsl:number/> </td> <xsl:apply-templates/> </tr> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match = "title | author | publisher"> <td><xsl:apply-templates/></td> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>

Produce a table of books.


<HTML><BODY><b>These are a few of my favorite books</b><table width="640“ border = “5”> <tr><td>1</td> <td>The Catcher in the Rye</td> <td>J. D. Salinger</td> <td>Little, Brown and Company</td> </tr> <tr><td>2</td> <td>The XSLT Programmer's Reference</td> <td>Michael Kay</td> <td>Wrox Press</td> </tr> <tr>

<td>3</td> <td>Computer Organization and Design</td> <td>Patterson and Henessey</td> <td>Morgan Kaufmann</td> </tr></table></BODY></HTML>


One More Time -- Input<?xml version="1.0" ?><shelf> <book> <title>The Catcher in the Rye</title> <author>J. D. Salinger</author> <publisher>Little, Brown and Company</publisher> </book> <book> <title>Mindfulness In Plain English</title> <author>J. D. Salinger</author> <publisher>Wisdom Publications Boston</publisher> </book> <book> <title>To Kill A Mokingbird</title> <author>Harper Lee</author> <publisher>Addison-Wesley</publisher> </book></shelf>


One More Time -- XSLT<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"

version="1.0"> <xsl:template match = "shelf"> <HTML> <BODY> <b>These are a few of my favorite books</b> <table width = "640" border = "5"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </table> </BODY> </HTML> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match = "book"> <tr> <td> <xsl:number value="position() div 2"/> </td> <xsl:apply-templates/> </tr> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match = "title | author | publisher"> <td><xsl:apply-templates/></td> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>

Let’s do some calculationson the fly.


QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

One More Time - Output


XPATH

• Non-xml language used to identify particular parts of an xml document

• Used by XSLT for matching and selecting particular elements to be copied into the result tree.

• Used by Xpointer to identify a particular point in or part of an xml document that an Xlink links to.

Slides adapted from “XML in a Nutshell” by Harold


XPATH

First, we’ll look at three commonly used XSLT instructions:

xsl:value-of xsl:template xsl:apply-templates


XPATH

<xsl:value-of select = “XPathExpression” />

The xsl:value-of element computes the string value of an Xpathexpression and inserts it into the result tree. XPath allows us to select nodes in the tree and different node types produce differentvalues.


XPATH

<xsl:value-of select = “XPathExpression” />

element => the text content of the element after all tags are stripped text => the text of the node attribute => the value of the attribute root => the value of the root processing-instruction => the processing instruction data (<?, ?>, and the target are not included comment => the text of the comment (no comment symbols) namespace => the namespace URI node set => the value of the first node in the set


XPATH

<xsl:template match = “pattern” />

The xsl:template top-level element is the key to all of xslt.The match attribute contains a pattern (location path) againstwhich nodes are compared as they’re processed. If the patternmatches a node, then the contents are instantiated


XPATH

<xsl:apply-templates select = “XPath node set expression” />

Find and apply the highest priority template that matches the node set expression.

If the select attribute is not present then all children of the context node are processed.

The Tree Structure of an XML Document

<?xml version="1.0" ?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href = "pi.xsl" ?><people> <person born="1912" died = "1954" id="p342"> <name> <first_name>Alan</first_name> <last_name>Turing</last_name> </name>  <profession>computer scientist</profession> <profession>mathematician</profession> <profession>cryptographer</profession> </person>

See Harold Pg. 147


<person born="1918" died = "1988" id="p4567"> <name> <first_name>Richard</first_name> <middle_initial>M</middle_initial> <last_name>Feynman</last_name> </name> <profession>physicist</profession> <hobby>Playing the bongoes</hobby> </person></people>

Unicode ‘M’


/

personborn = “1914”died = “1952”id=“p342”

person

name

first_name

Alan

<!– Did the word “computer scientist”exist in Turing’s day?”-- >

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href = “some.xsl" ?>

profession


The rootElement NodesText NodesAttribute NodesComment NodesProcessing InstructionsNamespace Nodes

Nodes seen by XPath Constructs not seen by XPath

CDATA sectionsEntity referencesDocument Type Declarations


Note

The following appears in each example below so ithas been removed from the slides.

<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"version="1.0"

>::</xsl:stylesheet>


Location Paths

• The root

<xsl:template match="/"><a>matched the root</a>

</xsl:template>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><a>matched the root</a>


Location Paths

• Child element location paths (relative to context node)

<xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:value-of select = "people/person/profession" /></xsl:template>

computer scientist


Location Paths

• Attribute location paths (relative to context node)

<xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:value-of select = "people/person/@born" /></xsl:template>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>1912


Location Paths

• Attribute location paths (relative to context node)<xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:apply-templates select = "people/person" /></xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "person"> <date> <xsl:value-of select = "@born" /> </date></xsl:template>

<date>1912</date><date>1918</date>


Location Paths

• Comment Location Step (comments don’t have names)

<xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:value-of select = "people/person/comment()" /></xsl:template>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> Did the word "computer scientist" exist in Turing's day?


Location Paths

• Comment Location Step

<xsl:template match = "comment()" > <i>comment deleted</i></xsl:template>

Document content withcomments replaced as shown.Default – no comments output


Location Paths

• Text Location Step (Text nodes don’t have names)

<xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:value-of select = "people/person/profession/text()" /></xsl:template>

computer scientist


Location Paths

• Processing Instruction Location Step

<xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:value-of select = "processing-instruction()" /></xsl:template>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>type="text/xsl" href = "pi.xsl"


Location Paths

• Wild cards

There are three wild cards: *, node(), @*

The * matches any element node. It will not match attributes, text nodes, comments or processing instructions nodes.


Location Paths

• Matching with *<xsl:template match = "*" > <xsl:apply-templates select ="*" /></xsl:template>

Matches all elements and requestscalls on sub-elements only. Nothingis displayed. The text nodes are never reached.


Location Paths

• Matching with node()

The node() wild card matches all nodes: element nodes,text nodes, attribute nodes, processing instruction nodes,namespace nodes and comment nodes.


Matching with Node

<xsl:template match="node()">

<xsl:apply-templates/>

</xsl:template>

What is the output?


Matching with Node -Output

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>


Location Paths

• Matching with @*

The @* wild card matches all attribute nodes.


Matching with @*<xsl:template match="@*">

Found an attribute <xsl:value-of select="."/>

</xsl:template>


<xsl:apply-templates select="@*"/> <xsl:apply-templates/>

</xsl:template>

What is the output?


Matching with @* - Output

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> Found an attribute 1912 Found an attribute 1954 Found an attribute p342 Found an attribute 1918 Found an attribute 1988 Found an attribute p4567


Matching with @*

<xsl:template match = "person" > <b> <xsl:apply-templates select = "@*" /> </b></xsl:template>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<b>19121954p342</b>

<b>19181988p4567</b>


Location Paths

• Multiple matches with |

<xsl:template match = "profession|hobby" > <activity> <xsl:value-of select = "text()"/> </activity></xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "*" > <xsl:apply-templates /></xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "text()" ></xsl:template>

Matches all the elements.Skips the text nodes unlessthey describe a professionor hobby.


Location Paths

• Selecting from all descendants with //

// selects from all descendants of the context node as well as the context nodeitself. At the beginning of an Xpathexpression, it selects from all descendantsof the root node.


Location Paths


<xsl:template match = "//name/last_name/text()" > <xsl:value-of select = "." /></xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "text()" ></xsl:template>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>TuringFeynman


Location Paths


<xsl:template match = "/" >

<xsl:value-of select = "//first_name/text()" />

</xsl:template>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>Alan


Location Paths



<xsl:apply-templates select = "//first_name/text()" />

</xsl:template>

<xsl:template select = "text()" >

<xsl:value-of select = "." />

</xsl:template> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>AlanRichard


Location Paths



<xsl:apply-templates select = "//middle_initial/../first_name" />

</xsl:template>



</xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>Richard


Specifying the Child Axis

Consider the following path:

/Envelope/Header/Signature

The above is an abbreviation for

/child::Envelope/child::Header/child::Signature


Using an Axis <xsl:template match="people">

<xsl:apply-templates select="person"/>

</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "person" > <xsl:if test="position() = last()"> <xsl:value-of select="preceding-sibling::person/name"/> </xsl:if>


<xsl:if test="position() != last()">

<xsl:value-of select="following-sibling::person/name"/>

</xsl:if>

</xsl:template>

What is the output?


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> Richard M Feynman Alan Turing

Axis Example - Output


Writing Output to an Attribute

<xsl:template match="@*">

<someTag id="{.}"></someTag>

</xsl:template>


<xsl:apply-templates select="@*"/> <xsl:apply-templates/>

</xsl:template>


Writing Output to an Attribute

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><someTag id="1912"/><someTag id="1954"/><someTag id="p342"/><someTag id="1918"/><someTag id="1988"/><someTag id="p4567"/>


Predicates

In general, an Xpath expression may refer to morethan one node. Predicates allow us to reduce the number of nodes we are interested in.

Each step in a location path may have a predicatethat selects from the node list that is current at thatstep in the expression.

The boolean expression in the predicate is tested against each node in the context node list. If the expressionis false then that node is deleted from the list.


Predicates<xsl:template match = "/" >

<xsl:apply-templates select = "//profession[.='physicist']/../name" />

</xsl:template>



</xsl:template><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

Richard M Feynman


Predicates


<xsl:apply-templates select = "//person[@id='p4567']" />

</xsl:template>



</xsl:template>


Richard M Feynman

physicist Playing the bongoes



<xsl:apply-templates select = "//person[@born <= 1915]" />

</xsl:template>



</xsl:template>


Alan Turing

computer scientist mathematician cryptographer



<xsl:apply-templates select = "//person[@born <= 1919 and @born >= 1917]" />

</xsl:template>



</xsl:template>


Richard M Feynman

physicist Playing the bongoes



<xsl:apply-templates select = "/people/person[@born < 1950]/ name[first_name='Alan']" />

</xsl:template>


Alan Turing


General XPath Expressions

Xpath expressions that are not node sets can’t be usedin the match attribute of an xsl:template element.

They can be used for the values for the select attributeof xsl:value-of elements and in location path predicates.


General XPath Expressions

<xsl:template match = "/" > <xsl:apply-templates select = "/people/person" /></xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "person"> <xsl:value-of select="@born div 10" /></xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "text()"></xsl:template>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>191.2191.8


General XPath ExpressionsXpath Functions

<xsl:template match = "/" > <xsl:apply-templates select = "/people/person" /></xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "person"> Person <xsl:value-of select="position()" /></xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "text()"></xsl:template> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

Person 1

Person 2


General XPath ExpressionsXpath Functions

<xsl:template match = "/" > <xsl:apply-templates select = "//name[starts-with(last_name,'T')]"/></xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "name"> Mr. T. <xsl:value-of select="." /></xsl:template>


Mr. T. Alan Turing

Node set convertedto string

internet technologies1 xslt processing xml using xslt using xpath

Documents

salinger slide

company output slide

internet technologies7

internet technologies16

internet technologies19

internet technologies13

internet technologies12

internet technologies5