internship report on manpower demand simulator at apl logistics

Internship Report on Manpower Demand Simulator

at APL Logistics (India) Pvt. Ltd.

June-July 2012, Mumbai

Submitted by- Shashi Ranjan IME-M.Tech IIT Kanpur July 26, 2012


At APL Logistics (India) Pvt. Ltd

Shashi Ranjan

Intern, APL Logistics (India) Pvt. Ltd.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincerest gratitude to Mr. Bennet Nelson Panikacherry (GM- Global Solutions Centre),

Mr. Deepak Tiwari (Head, Contract Logistics), Mr. Amit Gourwar (Sr. Manager, Global Logistics

Centre), Ms. Poorvi Kumar (Logistics Engineer), Mr. Michael Pangaraj (Logistics Engineer) and Mr.

Desh Deepak Shakya (Logistics Engineer) for their valuable guidance throughout the summer

internship. The quality of this work owes a great deal to the help rendered by them and their critical

reviews through various stages of this project.

Special Thanks to Mr. V.V.N. Prasad( Manager-Admin & Procurement) and Mr. Sagar Hulyalkar( Sr.

Manager-HR) for their kind co-operation and making me comfortable during the entire duration of

this project.

Finally, Thanks to APL Logistics (India) Pvt. Ltd. for giving me such a nice opportunity to work with

the solution team which helped me in learning the implementation of knowledge and skill on real

world problems.

http://www.linkedin.com/search?search=&title=MANAGER-ADMN%2E+%26+PROCUREMENT+-INDIA&sortCriteria=R&keepFacets=true&currentTitle=C&goback=%2Efps_PBCK_v+v+n+prasad_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*2_*1_Y_*1_*1_*1_false_1_R_*1_*51_*1_*51_true_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2



Shashi Ranjan


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CONTENTS

1. About APL Logistics 04

2. Introduction 05

3. Objective 06

4. Approach 06

5. News-Vendor Model 07

6. Implementation of Manpower Demand Simulator using VBA Excel 09

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

Master Data

Productivity Sheet

Manpower Details

Inbound/Outbound

Simulation Input

Result Analysis

VBA Code

12

14

16

17

21

22

24



Shashi Ranjan


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About APL Logistics

APL Logistics provides international, integrated supply chain services in 50 countries, including both origin and destination service such as freight consolidation, warehousing and distribution management. With 4,500 professionals in 260 locations globally, APL Logistics offers consulting solutions and uses IT for maximum supply chain visibility and control. APL Logistics is a unit of Singapore-based Neptune Orient Lines (NOL).

Services

International Logistics Services: Multi-modal transportation services include: o Air-Sea Services o Global Freight Solutions o Origin/Destination Consolidation o Purchase Order, Vendor and Invoice Management o Shipment Planning/Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Reporting/Analytics o Time Definite Services–Ocean Guaranteed LCL Service

Land Transport Services: Optimizes customers' domestic transportation network through: o Intermodal Services o Highway Services o Managed Transportation Services o Information Technology Solutions o Engineering Solutions

Contract Logistics: Operates a global network of facilities that provide: o Warehousing and Order Fulfilment o Inbound Logistics o Value-added Services o Manufacturing Support o Vendor Managed Inventory o Distribution Management

Automotive Logistics: Supports lean manufacturing and distribution activities via: o Inbound Parts Logistics o Finished Vehicle Logistics o Service Parts Distribution o North American Free Trade Agreement o Intermodal Services o Emerging Markets Logistics



Shashi Ranjan


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Introduction

Many times it is observed that the manpower working in warehouses are free and many times they

are doing overtime, In both the cases company is not able to utilize the manpower resource at it’s

best. The APL Solution team wanted me to develop a tool in excel to calculate the optimum level of

manpower required to finish all the work within a permissible time while minimizing the loss caused

due to overtime and unused monthly salary.

In warehouse the time required to finish any activity depends upon the volume of reference and the

ability of manpower. The volume of reference varies time to time and activity to activity. I

segmented the working hours in one hour slots and took the assumption that the activities are

reiterating every hour and finished within that one hour slot. As the volume of reference changes

every hour, the manpower required to meet our assumption will be different as well.

The arrival of volume of reference follows poissons distribution which is just as the arrival of bus at a

bus stop. So, I calculate the average volume of references every hour and then generating the data

with the help of simulation many times to consider the randomness and minimize the effect caused

due to the random nature.

After that I need the information about the ability of manpower which can be gathered with the

previous observation. Having generated volume of reference and gathered the ability of manpower

it’s easy to calculate the manpower required every hour to finish the activities. Now our problem is

quite similar to News-Vendor model which is discussed later.

This tool is designed in vba excel which can be run on any computer and is much user-friendly. I run

the F&N data on this tool, it took 1hr 25min to calculate the various permanent manpower required

for one year.



Shashi Ranjan


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Objective

This tool is designed to to calculate the optimum level of permanent employee required in

warehouse to perform all the activities in providing the logistics facilities to the client at the

minimum cost.

Approach

The 1st question raised in my mind – why do I need to calculate the optimum level.

Well, let’s understand this with an example-

I’ve hired 22 people to finish any work in a hour while I receive a work which can be finished by 20

people only in a hour. That means I am incurring fixed cost on 2 employee who are unused. If I’ve

hired 18 people my work would remain due next hour. After all I’ve to fulfill the client’s requirement,

that work must be completed. So I need to pay overtime to get that work done. That overtime per

manpower is always greater that the fixed cost incurred on a manpower. So I need to calculate the

permanent manpower for a year for which the total fixed cost + overtime cost will be minimum for

the year.

In warehouse the time required to finish any activity depends upon the volume of reference and

the ability of manpower. The volume of reference varies time to time and activity to activity. I

segmented the working hours in one hour slots and took the assumption that the activities are

reiterating every hour and finished within that one hour slot. As the volume of reference changes

every hour, the manpower required to meet our assumption will be different as well.

Once I’ve calculated the manpower required every hour I need to calculate the optimum level for a

year. I used New-Vendor model on this problem to meet my objective.

To apply New-vendor model we must have the information to calculate the manpower required

every hour. In the previous section I’ve mentioned that the required manpower depends upon the

arrival of volume of reference per hour and the productivity of manpower to finish the activity.

From the previous observation the APL team has seen that the volume of reference follows certain

trend which varies monthly, weekly, daily and hourly. The team also expects 15% growth next year.

With the help of trend and growth rate i generate arrival of demand/order every hour. Now I require

a productivity sheet which will give me the productivity of manpower with different activities which

would help me in calculating the manpower required per hour.



Shashi Ranjan


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News-Vendor Model

This model helps the vendor in deciding how many newspaper he should supply to the market in

order to maximize his profit as the demand of market varies everyday.

Let’s understand this with an example-

The news-vendor collected the previous 100 days demand of market –

Procurement cost = 1.5

Selling price = 3

Scrap price =0.25

Profit per newspaper =1.5

Loss per newspaper = 1.25

Expected loss(x) – expected loss if he supplies x newspaper

Expected loss(20) = 1.5 *{P(21)*(21-20) + P(22)*(22-20) + P(23)*(23-20)} = 2.025

Expected loss(21) = 1.25*P(20)*(21-20) + 1.5*{P(22)*(22-21) + P(23)*(23-21)} = 1.075

Expected loss(22)= 1.25*{P(20)*(22-20) + P(21)*(22-12)} + 1.5*p(23)*(23-22) = 1.225

Expected loss(23) = 1.25 * {P(20)*(23-20) + P(21) * (23-21) + P(22)*(23-22)} = 2.0625

Demand of

newspaper

Frequency Probability

20 newspaper 20 0.2

21 newspaper 40 0.4

22 newspaper 25 0.25

23 newspaper 15 0.15



Shashi Ranjan


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IF I solved this problem using classical approach 21 newspaper supply would cost him the least loss.

The same problem can be solved using News-Vendor model in few steps only. According to this

model-

Underage cost – The loss caused per unit if the demand exceeds supply

Overage cost - the loss caused per unit if the supply exceeds demand

Here, underage cost = 1.5, overage cost = 1.25

Critical ratio = underage cost/(underage cost + overage cost) = 1.5/2.75 = 0.545

a/c to this model – the vendor should supply the quantity whose cumulative probability is just

greater than critical ratio .

so, for 21, cumulative probability = 0.6

and hence this is the quantity which would cost him least loss.

Our problem is no more different than this new-vendor problem. If I replace newspaper by

manpower required this would meet my objective.

Here,

Underage cost = overtime cost

Overage cost = fixed cost unused

Critical ratio = overtime / (overtime +fixed) cost

suppose, overtime cost = 100

fixed cost/hr = 60

critical ratio = 100/160 = 0.625

and from the newsvendor table , 21 manpower is the optimum level for this critical ratio.



Shashi Ranjan


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Implementation of Manpower Demand Simulator using VBA Excel

Before going in details of this project I want to mention the color codes used in the project which

would help you in differentiating various data types.

Input

Drop down Input

Formula

Output

Heading Bold

Subheading Bold

Minor heading Bold

Page heading Bold

Input/Output Button

Macro Button



Shashi Ranjan


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This is the master column of Manpower

Demand Simulator which contains 10 buttons

comprised of 5 input buttons, 2

commanding buttons and 3 output buttons.

All these buttons guide the user to move to the

corresponding tables. These buttons are

arranged in a sequential manner in order to

run this software properly.

These are the steps listed below to operate it

easily-

Step 1 : Click the "Master Data Input" and fill

the Master Data column which contains

"Manpower Type", "Resources", "Activities",

"UOM", "Activity type" and "Volume

reference".

Step 2 : Click "the Productivity Sheet Input"

button which takes you to the Productivity

Sheet table and fill the required fields.

Step 3: Click the Manpower Details Input

button which takes you to the Manpower

Details table where you require to fill the

monthly salary , overtime cost and working

hours of manpower type.



Shashi Ranjan


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Step 4: Click the Inbound/Outbound button

which takes you to Inbound /Outbound sheet

where you've to fill the available volume of

reference, the expected growth, it's yearly,

Monthly, weekly, daily and hourly distribution.

Then there is a conversion table with the help

of which you can generate the other volume of

reference.

Step 5: Click the "Simulation Input" button

which takes you the table which asks the user

to fill the no. of times you want to run the

code for simulation, the day simulation start

and the day it terminates.

Step 6: Click the "Run" button but just wait my

friend, before doing that click the "Reset"

button to make sure that the previous output

got evaporated.

Step 7: Click the "Result " button to see the

result which contains the recommended

quantity of manpower type generated from the

code. If you are more interested to know the

Intermediate and News-Vendor output please

click the corresponding buttons.

These are the brief summary of steps one

should follow in order to run this tool

properly.



Shashi Ranjan


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Step 1:

Manpower Type

Unskilled labor

Data Entry Operator

Resources

HPT

BOPT

Stacker

Reach truck

Forklift

Pick trolley

Table 1: Manpower Type

As the User follows the steps described in the

previous page the 1st table he encounters is

“Manpower Type”. There are 20 Input fields where

user can enter the types of manpower involved in the

various activities of warehousing.

So even if he enters more than 20 manpower types

this will take the 1st 20 entries as the input and

perform operation on them only.

It’s not mandatory to fill all the 20 entries. So, enter

only the types of manpower who matter to your

purpose as it will help the software to process faster.

For the sample data I’ve kept 4 manpower types.

Table 2: Resources

This table also accepts maximum 20

entries as it’s input. So the user has to

list down here the resources used by

various manpower while performing

the activities.

For the sample data 6 resources has

been used.



Shashi Ranjan


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Activities

Receive Inbound ASN

Receive inbound docs

Scan cartons at pallet level

Unloading Pallets

Visual Check of Cartons

Visual Check of Pallet

Stretch wrapping and palletizing of loose cartons from imports

Putaway pallets to rack storage locations

Putaway pallets to block storage locations

UOM

Truck

Shipment

Carton

Piece

Bag

Crate

Wooden box

Table 3: Activities

User requires to list down the various

activities performed in warehouse as

the input to this table.

Maximum entries – 40

For the sample data total 9 activities

has been used.

Table 4: UOM

UOM- Unit of measurement

User requires to list down the unit of

measurements used for different

activities in warehouse as the input to

this table.


For the sample data total 7 UOM has

been used.



Shashi Ranjan


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Table 5

So, the Master Data input contains total 5 tables for 5 different kinds of inputs. Once the user is finished with this he is supposed to follow step 2 which will take him to the “Productivity Sheet”

Step 2:- Productivity Sheet Input

The 1st column of this table is “Activity” and cells of this column are drop-down input which prompts

the user to select the activity from the activity table belonging to Master data.

The 2nd column is Manpower whose cells are linked to the Manpower Type table of Master data with

the drop down menu. So, the user can select the manpower involved in the activity listed in the

corresponding cell of column1.

The 3rd column is Team size and the cells of this column are direct user input.

The 4th column is UOM whose cells are linked to UOM table of Master Data through drop down

menu.

The 5th column is Minutes/Unit and the cells of this column are direct user input. The user requires

to fill the time consumes in performing the corresponding activity per UOM.

The 6th column is Unit/Hr whose cell values are calculated from the formula 60/(min/unit) i.e the no.

of units processed per Hr for the corresponding activity.

volume reference

Total inbound shipments

Total inbound pallets

Inbound cartons

Outbound shipments

Outbound pallets

outbound cartons

Table 5: Volume of reference

User requires to enter the volume of

reference for different activities in

warehouse as the input to this table.


For the sample data total 7 UOM has

been used.



Shashi Ranjan


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Shashi Ranjan


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The 7th column is Resource used while performing the corresponding activity of column 1. This is also

a drop down input linked to Resource table of Master Data.

The 8th column is Volume reference which is linked to Volume reference table of Master Data

through drop down menu.

Step 3:- Manpower Details Input

Manpower Monthly Cost overtime cost/hr opening time closing time Total working day

Unskilled labor 12000 100 4 12 25

Data Entry Operator 15000 120 4 12 25

The 1st column is Manpower and the cells of this column directly fetches the list of manpower

entered by the user in “Manpower Type” table of Master Data.

The 2nd (Monthly cost), 3rd (Overtime Cost/hr), 4th (Opening Time),5th (closing time)& 6th (Total

working day in a month) columns are user input . Opening &closing time gives the working hour

information of manpower. This facility is given to deal with many cases when different manpower

types have different working hours in warehouse.



Shashi Ranjan


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Step 4: Inbound/Outbound Input

This step consists of many sub-steps as many tables are there which must be filled in a proper

sequence.

The 1st input is-

The 2nd cell colored sky blue is a drop-down input which is linked to the volume of reference table of

Master data. This is the reference volume whose information is available to the user and with the

help of this and the “conversion table” (discussed later), user can extract the information of other

volume references.

Reference yr Demand/Order Growth rate Year 1 Total inbound shipments

2010 20000 15.00% 2013 30417.5

This is the 2nd table of Inbound/Outbound Input which takes 4 inputs-

1. Reference yr – User is supposed to enter the year of which volume reference selected as the

1st input is available to him.

2. Deman/Order - This input field is supposed to get the quantity of selected VOR i.e the

available information

3. Growth rate- This is the expected growth rate of VOR per year .

4. Year1- This is year of which demand/order is calculated for our calculation purpose.

5. 5th Column is the quantity of selected VOR expected in year 1.This is not a user input- this is

calculated with the compound interest formula-

(Demand/order)year1 = (Demand/Order)reference yr *(1+growth rate/100)year1 – reference yr

After feeding these inputs user has to fill the observed yearly, monthly, weekely, daily and

hourly demand/order distribution.

Tables for these distribution are described on the next page.

Select VoR Total inbound shipments



Shashi Ranjan


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Monthly demand distribution

Week %age demand

1 23.00%

2 23.00%

3 24.00%

4&5 30.00%

Yearly demand distribution

Month %age demand

Jan 9.67%

Feb 8.03%

Mar 7.87%

Apr 8.06%

May 8.30%

June 8.52%

July 9.00%

Aug 9.00%

Sep 8.17%

Oct 7.80%

Nov 7.60%

Dec 7.98%

Table: Yearly Demand distribution

This table requires the user to fill the yearly

demand/Order distribution observed in

warehouse.

9.67% means 9.67% of total VOR selected as the

1st input comes or delivers in January.

This yearly distribution is taken from sample

data.

One can change this as per his distribution.

Table : Monthly Demand distribution

This table requires the user to fill the

monthly demand/Order distribution

observed in warehouse.

The 1st 3 week is considered to be of 7

days each while the 4&5 contains the

remaining days of month.

So, this is the demand distribution of

monthly demands/orders.

Eg- For the sample data 1st week of any

month observes the 23% of

demand/orders of that month



Shashi Ranjan


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Weekly demand distribution

Day %age demand

Sunday 0.00%

Monday 9.00%

Tuesday 9.00%

Wednesday 30.00%

Thursday 31.00%

Friday 15.00%

Saturday 6.00%

Daily demand/order distribution

Hr %age demand

0 4.50%

1 4.00%

2 3.50%

3 3.00%

4 3.00%

5 3.50%

6 3.60%

7 4.00%

8 4.00%

9 4.20%

10 5.00%

11 5.00%

12 5.00%

13 5.00%

Table : Monthly Demand distribution

This table requires the user to fill the

weekly demand/Order distribution

observed in warehouse.

So, the total input user has too enter is 7.

Eg- For the sample data demand on

Sunday is kept 0 as this is the holiday but

it’s not mandatory to be 0 always.

In most of the warehouses most of the

demand/order are noticed on

Wednesday and Thursday. For the

sample data it’s 30% on Wednesday and

31% on Thursday.

Table: Daily Demand Distribution

This table asks the user to feed the daily

demand distribution observed in the

warehouse.

0 hr means demand observed between

12 am to 1 am

1hr means demand observed between

1am to 2am

So on…..

For the sample data warehouse operates

round the clock.

User can input 0% for the hrs warehouse

is closed.



Shashi Ranjan


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Available VoR Required VoR %age equiv Total dispatch NO. Of UoM1/UOM2 Total no. of UOM2

Total inbound shipments Total inbound pallets 100.00% 30417.5 0.066666667 456263

Total inbound pallets Inbound cartons 100.00% 456263 0.166666667 2737578

Total inbound shipments outbound cartons 100.00% 30417.5 0.066666667 456263

82.90% 0 0

90.00% 0 0

0.00% 0 0

0.00% 0 0

0.00% 0 0

0.00% 0 0

0.00% 0 0

This table helps the user in calculating the other volume of references from the available VOR.

The 1st column of this table is a drop down input linked to the VOR table of Master data. The 1st cell

always contains the VOR entered by the user in the 1st table of Inbound/Outbound.

The 2nd column is also the drop down input linked to the VOR table of Master Data. The cells of this

table contains the VOR which is required and calculated from the cells of 1st column.

The 3rd column is “%age equivalence “ which asks the user to feed the %age of 1st column VOR

equivalent to the required VOR .

The 4th column coverts the %age equivalence into quantity using the formula

“%age equiv * available VOR”.

The 4th column is “No. of UOM1/UOM2”-

Each volume of reference are measured in some units.

UOM1- Unit of Measurement of 1st column cell

UOM2- Unit of Measurement of 2nd column cell

UOM1/UOM2- average no. of UOM1 per UOM2

5th column- Total no. of UOM2 = 3rd column cell/ 4th column cell



Shashi Ranjan


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Step 6: Simulation Input

Step 7: Reset & Run

After filling all the input tables User is supposed to click the Reset macro and then the Run macro to

process the data.

As the process finishes you will get such messege demonstrating the total run time in processing the data. It took 6 min 36 sec to process 1 month data for 5 times. Now the user can go to result table to see the result.

How many times to run 5

simulation starts at day 1

simulation stops at day 31



Shashi Ranjan


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Result Analysis:

The recommended quantity evolved from simulation is 15 for Unskilled labor and 4 for data entry operator. Let’s analyse the result :

The critical ratio for unskilled labor = 100/160 = 0.63

Critical ratio for data entry operator = 120/195 = 0.62

Now the user needs to refer the news-vendor output for further details-

Manpower Monthly Cost

overtime cost/hr

opening time

closing time

Total working day

Fixed cost/hr

critical ratio

Recommended quantity

Unskilled labor 12000 100 4 12 25 60 0.63 15

Data Entry Operator 15000 120 4 12 25 75 0.62 4

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0



Shashi Ranjan


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Unskilled labor Data Entry Operator 0

Quantity Frequency Cumulative distribution Frequency

Cumulative distribution Frequency

Cumulative distribution

0 0 0 54 0.0500

1 0 143 0.1824

2 2 0.001851852 332 0.4898

3 17 0.017592593 107 0.5889

4 44 0.058333333 138 0.7167

5 130 0.178703704 73

6 108 0.278703704 107

7 114 0.384259259 40

8 56 0.436111111 52

9 62 0.493518519 11

10 50 0.539814815 14

11 25 0.562962963 3

12 21 0.582407407 6

13 21 0.601851852

14 22 0.622222222

15 13 0.634259259

16 48

17 67

18 81

The 1st column of table contains the quantity of manpower. The 2nd column is the frequency of quantity of Unskilled labor required per hour . The 3rd column gives the cumulative distribution of the Unskilled labor required per hour.

As the cumulative distribution of unskilled labor exceeded the critical ratio i.e 0.63 it stopped

calculating this for next quantities and the corresponding quantity i.e 15 is the optimum level which

would cost the least loss of company.

The same concept is applicable for data entry operator, and hence the answer is 4.



Shashi Ranjan


- 24 -

Module 1: Labor calculator

Sub laborcalc() On Error Resume Next Application.ScreenUpdating = False Dim manpower As String Dim resource As String Dim volume_ref As String Dim total As Double Dim ratio As Double Dim hr As Integer Dim m As Integer Dim start_time, end_time Dim start_day, end_day Dim total_manpower Dim total_act Dim total_vol start_time = Now() start_day = Cells(154, 7) end_day = Cells(155, 7) total_manpower = Cells(133, 7) total_act = Cells(136, 7) total_vol = Cells(135, 7) For simulate = 1 To Cells(153, 7) ActiveSheet.EnableCalculation = False ActiveSheet.EnableCalculation = True For h = 7 + 24 * (start_day - 1) To 6 + 24 * end_day hr = Cells(h, 66).Value For i = 90 To (89 + total_manpower) manpower = Cells(6, i) total = 0 For j = 11 To (10 + total_act) If manpower = Sheets("Master Data").Cells(j, 7).Value Then If Cells(i - 11, 11).Value < Cells(i - 11, 12).Value Then If WorksheetFunction.And(hr >= Cells(i - 11, 11), hr < Cells(i - 11, 12)) Then volume_ref = Cells(j, 13) For k = 67 To 66 + total_vol If volume_ref = Sheets("Master Data").Cells(6, k).Value Then If Cells(h, k).Value = "" Then Cells(h, k).Value = 0 End If



Shashi Ranjan


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total = total + (Sheets("Master Data").Cells(h, k).Value / Sheets("Master Data").Cells(j, 11).Value) * Sheets("Master Data").Cells(j, 8).Value End If Next k Sheets("Master Data").Cells(h, i).Value = WorksheetFunction.RoundUp(total, 0) End If ElseIf Cells(i - 11, 11).Value > Cells(i - 11, 12).Value Then If WorksheetFunction.Or(hr >= Cells(i - 11, 11), hr < Cells(i - 11, 12)) Then volume_ref = Sheets("Master Data").Cells(j, 13).Value For k = 67 To 66 + total_vol If volume_ref = Sheets("Master Data").Cells(6, k).Value Then If Cells(h, k).Value = "" Then Cells(h, k).Value = 0 End If total = total + (Sheets("Master Data").Cells(h, k).Value / Sheets("Master Data").Cells(j, 11).Value) * Sheets("Master Data").Cells(j, 8).Value End If Next k Sheets("Master Data").Cells(h, i).Value = WorksheetFunction.RoundUp(total, 0) End If End If End If Next j If Cells(h, i) = "" Then Cells(h, i) = "" Else Cells(Cells(h, i) + 7, 2 * (i - 90) + 115) = 1 + Cells(Cells(h, i) + 7, 2 * (i - 90) + 115) End If Next i Next h For i = 0 To (total_manpower - 1) shift_length = Cells(79 + i, 12) - Cells(79 + i, 11) If shift_length > 0 Then Cells(7, 115 + 2 * i) = Cells(7, 115 + 2 * i) - Int((Cells(155, 7) - Cells(154, 7) + 1) / 7) * shift_length Else Cells(7, 115 + 2 * i) = Cells(7, 115 + 2 * i) - Int((Cells(155, 7) - Cells(154, 7) + 1) / 7) * (24 + shift_length) End If Next i For i = 0 To (total_manpower - 1) total = 0 ratio = 0



Shashi Ranjan


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myrange = Range(Cells(7, 115 + 2 * i), Cells(507, 115 + 2 * i)) total = WorksheetFunction.Sum(myrange) Cells(508, 115 + 2 * i) = total For j = 0 To 500 ratio = ratio + Cells(7 + j, 115 + 2 * i) / total Cells(7 + j, 116 + 2 * i) = ratio If ratio >= Cells(7 + i, 167) Then Cells(7 + i, 168) = j j = 500 End If Next j Next i Next simulate end_time = Now() Cells(26, 168) = DateDiff("s", start_time, end_time) MsgBox "Total Run Time = " & Int(Cells(26, 168).Value / 60) & " min " & Cells(26, 168).Value Mod 60 & " sec" End Sub



Shashi Ranjan


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Module 2: Public function to generate Poisson no. Function RandPois(lambda As Single, _ Optional bVolatile As Boolean = False) As Long Dim L As Single Dim k As Long Dim p As Single If bVolatile Then Application.Volatile L = Exp(-lambda) p = 1 Do k = k + 1 p = p * Rnd Loop Until p <= L RandPois = k - 1 End Function

Module 3: Reset Sub CommandButton1_Click() Application.ScreenUpdating = False Range("CL7:DE8790").Select Selection.ClearContents Range("DK7:EX508").Select Selection.ClearContents Range("FL7:FL27").Select Selection.ClearContents End Sub

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