People essentially rely on oral ,written and nonverbal communication.

Oral Communication:1. Speeches2. formal one-on-one3. Group discussions4. Informal rumor mill and grapevine

Advantages of Oral Communication are

Speed Feedback The major disadvantage of oral

communication surfaces in organization whenever the message has to be passed through a number of people

Written Communication -- any communication transmitted via written words or symbols

It includes 1. Memos2. Letters 3. Fax transmissions4. Electronic mail5. Instant messaging 6. Organizational periodicals , etc.

Non Verbal CommunicationWhen we give a message to anyone we impart non

verbal message as well.Such as 1. Lift an eyebrow for disbelief2. Rub your nose for puzzlement3. Shrug shoulders for indifference4. Slap our forehead for forgetfulness5. Tap our fingers for impatience

Formal organizational networks can be very complicated as they may include hundreds of people and few hierarchical levels.

To simplify these are condensed into three common small groups of five people.

These are chain , wheel and all- channel

Chain Wheel All channel

Grapevine It is informalYet an important source of

information It is not controlled by the

management It is perceived more believable It is largely used to serve the self

interests of the people within it

Computer aided CommunicationE- mail Instant messaging Intranet and extranet linksVideoconferencing

Filtering It refers to a sender’s purposely

manipulating information so it will be seen more favorably by the receiver. It happens where there are lots of vertical levels in hierarchy.

Selective PerceptionThe receivers in communication

process selectively see and hear based on their needs, motivations, experience , background and other personal characteristics.

Information OverloadIndividuals have a finite capacity to

process data and when it exceeds our processing capacity the result is information load. Then people tend to select out, ignore, pass over or forget information.

EmotionsExtreme emotions like jubilation or

depression are more likely to hinder effective communication

Language

Communication apprehensions

Do you design your communications or do they just kind of happen? When your communication is important -- that is, when you want it to be remembered -- you need to think carefully and design it to resonate with your intended audience.

Designing your communication is an interactive process. It begins at a high level, with good questions and good listening; and ends in details; constructing a presentation, document, system or user experience.

The seven C's lay out a simple sequence which can help you start broadly and work your way down to specifics.1. Context.What's going on? Do you understand the situation? Ask good questions. You'll need a clear goal before you begin to design any communication. Ask: who are you talking to and what do you want them to do?

2. Content.

Based on your goal, define a single question that your communication is designed to answer. This is the best possible measure of communication effectiveness. What do you want your audience to walk away with and remember? Once you have defined your prime question, set out to answer it. What information is required? Do you have the answer already, or do you need to search it out?

3. Components.Before you build anything, break down your content into basic "building blocks" of content. Formulate the information into clusters and groups. What patterns emerge? How can you make the information more modular? Given your goal, what is the most fundamental unit of information? You can use index cards to break down information into modules.

4. Cuts.This is one of the hardest parts of the process and most often neglected. People's attention will quickly drift -- they expect you to get to the point. Learn to edit.

5. Composition.Now it's time to design the way you will tell your story. Think in terms of both written and visual composition. When writing; who are your main characters? How will you set up the scene? What are the goals and conflicts that will develop? How will the story reach resolution? In visual terms; where will the reader begin? How will you lead the eye around the page? In all your compositional thinking; how will you engage your audience? How will you keep them engaged? Writing it down forces you to think it through.

6. Contrast.What are the differences that matter? Use contrast to highlight them: Big vs. little; rough vs. smooth; black vs. white. When making any point, ask, "in comparison with what?" Contrast is a trigger to the brain that says "pay attention!"

7. Consistency.Unless you're highlighting differences, keep things like color, fonts, spacing and type sizes consistent to avoid distracting people. Research shows that any extraneous information will detract from people's ability to assimilate and learn.