interphase and m-phase chromosomes
DESCRIPTION
Interphase and M-Phase Chromosomes. Condensation of Chromatids. Kinetochore. Pg. 645. Kinetochore. Mitotic Spindle. Centrosome Duplication Cycle. Nuclear Lamina. Pg. 576. Microtubules. Mitotic Spindle. Metaphase. Anaphase. Pg. 641. +. Ub. Ub-Ub-Ub. Protein. Protein. Proteasome. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Interphase and M-Phase Chromosomes
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Condensation of Chromatids
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Kinetochore
Pg. 645
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Kinetochore
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Mitotic Spindle
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Centrosome Duplication Cycle
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Nuclear Lamina
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Pg. 576
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Microtubules
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Mitotic Spindle
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Pg. 641
Metaphase Anaphase
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Pg. 257
Ubiquitin-dependent Protein Degradation
Proteasome
Peptides + Ub
Protein Ub-Ub-Ub
Protein + Ub
APC (Ubiquitin Ligase)
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Start of Anaphase
P
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Anaphase “A” and “B”
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Membrane Fusion in Cytokinesis
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Cytokinesis
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Myosin II - GFP
Interphase Telophase Cytokinesis
CytokinesisCytokinesis G1
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Control Points in the Mitotic Cell Cycle
DNAReplication
Control at the G1/S Transition
Control at the G2/M Transition
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Cyclin Protein Levels Vary During the Cell Cycle
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Cyclin/Cdk Complexes During the Cell Cycle
Expression ofM-cyclin Gene
Expression ofS-cyclin Gene
Ubiquitin-dependentproteolysis
Ubiquitin-dependentproteolysis
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(RTK)
(Ras-MAP Kinase)
Activation of “S-Phase Genes”
Cyclin/Cdk Phosphorylates Rb Protein
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Cyclin/Cdk Phosphorylates Cdc6 Protein and ORC
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Cyclin/Cdk Complexes During the Cell Cycle
Expression ofM-cyclin Gene
Expression ofS-cyclin Gene
Ubiquitin-dependentproteolysis
Ubiquitin-dependentproteolysis
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Cyclin/Cdk Phosphorylates APC
M-Cyclin/Cdk
P
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Inactivating the Cyclin/Cdk Complex
Active APC
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Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Focus on p53Checkpoint
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The p53 Cell Cycle Checkpoint
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Apoptosis in Digit Formation
Pg. 625
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Cellular Changes During Apoptosis
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NormalCell
Apoptotic Cell
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Apoptosis Pathways
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The “Death” Receptor
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Caspase Activation
Pg. 627
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Caspase Cascade
Pg. 627
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Release of Cytochrome C from Mitochondria
Pg. 628
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Apoptosis Pathways
Type I
Type II
Intrinsic Pathway
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Pathways Disrupted in Cancer Cells
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Egg Cell and Sperm Cells
Pg. 661
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Overview of Mammalian Development
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Asymmetric Cell Divisions of Meiosis
(Metaphase II) (Mitosis)
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8 cell Embryo (morula)
“Cleavage” Divisions
50 µm
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Blastocycst
Uterus
BlastocystInner Cell Mass (ICM)
50 µmTrophoblast
Blastocoel
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Early Embryonic Development (~ 7 days)
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Drosophila melanogaster (a.k.a. Fruit Fly)
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The eyeless (ey) Gene Controls Eye Development
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Pg. 288
Ectopic Expression of ey Gene
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Expression of ey Gene in Leg Precursor Cells
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Pg. 288
Ectopic Expression of Mouse ey Gene
Group of cellsthat give rise toadult wing
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Expression of Mouse ey Gene in Wing Precursor Cells
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Homeotic Genes
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Synpolydactyl Phenotype
HoxD13 mutation
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Stem Cell Concept
Signal Molecules?
Pg. 721
Blastomere receptor proteinsTelomerase
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Blastocycst
Blastocyst
InnerCell Mass (ICM)
50 µm
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Pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells
Pg. 724
Signal E
Signal D
Signal C
Signal B
Signal A
IVF
“Stem Cell Line”
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Cloning by Nuclear Transfer
Pg. 725
“enucleated egg”
“ReconstructedZygote”
“Donor”
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Cloning by Nuclear Transfer
Pg. 725
“enucleated egg”
“ReconstructedZygote”
“Donor”