interplanetary internet - its · pdf fileintranet internet space link protocols end-to-end ......
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InterplanetaryInternet
Adrian J. HookeJet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute of Technology
2000 Third Annual International Symposium on Advanced Radio Technologies
Boulder, CO, 08 September 2000
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Member Agencies
ASI/ItalyBNSC/UKCNES/FranceCSA/CanadaDLR/Germany
NASDA/Japan
ESA/EuropeINPE/BrazilNASA/USA
RSA/Russia
Observer Agencies
ASA/AustriaCAST/ChinaCRC/CanadaCRL/JapanCSIR/South AfricaCSIRO/Australia
IKI/RussiaISAS/JapanISRO/IndiaKARI/KoreaKFKI/HungaryMOC/Israel
NOAA/USANSPO/TaipeiSSC/SwedenTsNIIMash/RussiaUSGS/USA
CTA/BrazilDSRI/DenmarkEUMETSAT/EuropeEUTELSAT/EuropeFSST&CA/BelgiumHNSC/Greece
Industry Associates ISO/TC20/SC13
Liaisons
PPAANNEELL 33
CROSSSUPPORT
OPERATIONS
PPAANNEELL 22
INFORMATIONINTERCHANGEPROCESSES
SPACECOMMUNICATIONS
PPAANNEELL 11
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENTCOUNCILCOUNCIL
Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)
Technical Steering GroupSecretariat
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CCSDS Panel Work
Intranet Internet
Space LinkProtocols
End-to-EndProtocols
CCSDS Panel 1
Space LinkExtension Protocols
CCSDS Panel 3
Data Description& Archiving
CCSDS Panel 2
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Radio Frequency and ModulationP1E
LinkARQ
TM Space DataLink Protocol
AOS Space DataLink Protocol
Proximity 1 SpaceData Link Protocol
TC Space DataLink Protocol
CommunicationsOperation
Procedure 1
Space DataLink SecurityMechanisms
P1A
P1F Internet IPSecSpace Security Protocol
Space PacketProtocol
Space NetworkProtocol
Internet Protocol(IPv4, IPv6)
P1B Reed-SolomonCoding
BCH CodingConvolutionalCoding
TurboCoding
TLM FrameSync.
CLTU andPLOPs
Synchronous Links Asynchronous Links
Current CCSDS Space/Ground Communications Protocol Stack
Physical
Link
Network
Transport
Application
CCSDSFile
DeliveryProtocol(CFDP)
Storeand
Forward
InternetTCP/UDP
SpaceTCP/UDP
Interactive
SpaceFTP
InternetFTP
Internet RFCDraft CCSDS RecommendationCCSDS Recommendation CCSDS Report
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http://hope.gsfc.nasa.gov/ccsds/implementations/
151 Missions10 COTS Spacecraft16 COTS Space Products 2 COTS Ground Networks28 COTS Ground Products
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1970 1980 1990 2000
International Space StationExtension ofStandards forMore ComplexSpace Missions
}Extension of the
Terrestrial Internetinto Space
Basic Space/GroundCommunicationsStandards forSpace Missions
} Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)
NASA Telemetry Standardization
NASA/ESAWorking Group
“Packet” Spacecraft Telemetry and Telecommand
NASA/DOD SpaceCommunications Protocol Standards (SCPS) Project
Evolution of space standards
InterPlaNetaryInternet (IPN)
Evolution of the terrestrial Internet
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Today’sInternet:
High rate fiber backboneNegligible delayNegligible errors
Symmetric data channelsContinuous connectivity
Loss = Congestion
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Tomorrow’s“Earthnet”
U n t e t h e r e d e d g e- marke t
‘p lug- i n s ’ t o t h e f i b e r b a c k b o n e
[ s a t e l l i t e s , w i r e l e s s , m o b i l e
ad- h o c n e t w o r k s , e t c . ]
m a y i n t r o d u c e :Significant delay & errors
Power/bandwidth constraintsDisjoint connectivity
Corruption as source of lossAsymmetric channels
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Surfaceto Orbit
Relay
SurfaceOperations
LongHaul toEarth
Mars
Moon
Satellite,Wireless
Internetbackbone
Mobile/Rovingapplications
Earth
A Candidate Sharing of Issues A Candidate Sharing of Issues and Technologiesand Technologies
• Generally high bandwidth-delay products• Possible data loss due to bit-errors and/or
transient link outages• Potentially asymmetric data rates
• Power constrained end systems• Episodic/disjoint connectivity• Networks may need to be self-organizing
• Ultra high bandwidth-delay product• typically >> transaction size
• ‘Ping-pong of bursts’ replaces streaming
• Channels often periodically unidirectional• Need for progressive/selectable reliability• Need for store-and-forward delivery
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Similar Problems,Common Solutions
Fiber Satellites
Cable
Mobile/Wireless
WDM
Nomadic
Terabit communicationslow delay
Self-organizing
FTP/TCP/IP
Short-haul comm
unications
TerrestrialInternetStandards
IPN leverage
S-band X-bandKa-band
LEOConstellations
MarsNetwork
Deep-spaceOptical
Megabit communicationshigh delay
Long-haul c
omm
unicatio
ns
SpaceInternetStandards
File-basedOperations
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Thirty years down the road…..
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IPNSIGPublic
USC
UCLA
UDEL
UMD
Caltech
IPN ArchitectureCore Team
IPN Organizational Relationships
NASAProjects
DARPAProjects
IPNRG
Robert Rumeau - FranceEric Travis - USA
Open ArchitectureOpen SpecificationsOpen ImplementationsDemonstrations
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The Basic IPN Concept:
Construct a “Network of Internets”
• Deploy standard internets in low latency remote environments (e.g., on other planets, on remote spacecraft)
• Connect these distributed internets via an interplanetary backbone that handles the high latency deep space environment.
• Create gateways and relays to interface between low and high latency environments
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The Basic IPN Concept:construct a
“Network of Internets”
Deploy standard internets in low latency remote environments (e.g., on other planets)
Connect distributed internets via an interplanetary backbone
Provide dialog acrossa network of Internets
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DeployedInternets
StableBackbone
Security
InterplanetaryGateways
Inter-InternetDialog and Nodes
IPN Technology Thrust Areas
Wired
Tetherlessi
I
e a r t h . s o l
IG
IG
IGIG
IG IG
Ii
iii
ii
ii
i ii
iI
i
ii
i I
iii I
m a r s . s o l l u n a . s o l
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IPN Security
Security of user data flowing through the IPN
Security of the IPN backbone
DeployedInternets
StableBackbone
Security
InterplanetaryGateways
Inter-Internet Dialogand Nodes
IG
IG
IGIG
IG IG
Ii
iii
ii
ii
i ii
iI
i
ii
i I
iii I
m a r s . s o l l u n a . s o l
e a r t h . s o l
Ø access control to the IPN will be required because space-based assets will have limited available resources.
Ø authentication will be required to perform access controls.
Ø data integrity will be required to assure that what wassent is received.
Ø data privacy will be required to assure that unauthorized users cannot obtain information.
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DeployedInternets
StableBackbone
Security
InterplanetaryGateways
Inter-Internet Dialogand Nodes
Deployed In-Situ Internets
UntetheredMobile
Mass constrainedLocation-Location-Location
Power-Power-Power
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What’s a Backbone?
Ø A set of high-capacity, high-availability links between network traffic hubs
– Terrestrial backbone links are between hubs like Houston and Chicago.
– Interplanetary backbone links are between hubs like Earth and Mars.
DeployedInternets
StableBackbone
Security
InterplanetaryGateways
Inter-Internet Dialogand Nodes
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On the Interplanetary Backbone:
• Communications capacity is expensive
– Bits count
• Round Trips hurt
– Interactive protocols don’t work• Internet protocol suite doesn’t scale well with increasing latency• Negotiation is impractical• Reliable in-order delivery takes too long• Protocols need to be connectionless• Congestion control and flow control are difficult• Reliance on forward coding versus retransmission for error recovery
• Custodial store-and-forward data transfer is fundamental
– “Chatty Telephony” gives way to “Bundled Mail” as the model of operations
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Resulting Backbone Differences
Transport
Network
Link
Physical
TerrestrialBackbone
TCP
IP
SONET
Optical fiber
InterplanetaryBackbone
“Bundling”
IP, NP, None?
CCSDS
R/F or laser
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App
App
App App
App
App
NetworkIP
TransportTCP
NetworkIP
TransportTCP
NetworkIP
NetworkIP
Link. 1
Phys. 1 Phys. 2
Link. 2
Phys. 2
Link. 2
Phys. 3
Link. 3
Phys. 1
Link. 1
Phys. 1
Link. 1
Sub-network Sub-network Sub-network
IP: the “Thin Waist” of the Earth’s Internet
Internet: a Network of Connected Sub-Networks
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Bundling supports end-to-end transfer across a “network of disconnected Internets”
having heterogeneous network protocol stacks
Bundle
Application Application
Transport Transport
Network Network
Transport
Network
Transport
Network
BundleBundle Bundle
Network of disconnected Internets spanning dissimilar environments
Bundles: A Store and Forward Overlay -the “Thin Waist” of the Interplanetary Internet
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Bundling:Design Principles
• Names are the means of reference
– Names have two parts: a routing part (specifies the IPN region) and an administrative part (specifies the DNS name)
– Routing between IPN regions based upon routing part of the name
• Late-Binding
– Separate addressing domains for each internet; administrative names converted to local addresses in destination IPN region
• Indirection
– Inherent dependence on intermediate relay agents
• Custodial transfer
– “Bundles” are the common end-to-end transfer mechanism
DeployedInternets
StableBackbone
Security
InterplanetaryGateways
Inter-Internet Dialogand Nodes
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Single Name Space,Late Name-to-Address Binding(s)
Internet InternetInterplanetaryBackbone
Name-to-AddressBinding Space A
Name-to-Address Binding Space B
Name-to-Address Binding Space C
Name Space - Common Across All Internets
IPN Region: .mars.solIPN Region: .earth.sol IPN Region: .ipn.sol
Name:{routing part: mars.sol,
admin part: http://www.rockshop.com}
Local Address: 137.79.10.232
Name:{routing part: earth.sol,
admin part: http://www.bughunter.org}
Local Address: 137.79.10.232
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Basic IPN Architectural Definition
Development of Key Protocols
New Capability Demonstrations
Space Mission Infusion and Rollout
Protocol Test and Validation
Ba
sic
R&
DS
po
ns
ore
dR
oll
ou
t
Interplanetary Internet Deployment Plan
Earth Vicinity,2001
Lunar Vicinity,2002
Mars2003+
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InterplanetaryInternet, “2020”
InterplanetaryBackbone
InterplanetaryGateways