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interrelativity.com

The Practicalities, Perils and Promise of RFID

The Practicalities, Perils and Promise of RFID

Joe McCarthyJoe McCarthy

Connector in ChiefConnector in Chief

Interrelativity, IncInterrelativity, Inc

1 March 2006

2interrelativity.com

OutlineOutlineWhat is RFID?What is RFID?

What is it good for?What is it good for?

What are the risks?What are the risks?

What is on/over the horizon?What is on/over the horizon?

““It may be simple, but it’s not easy”It may be simple, but it’s not easy”

““Identify any object anywhere automatically”Identify any object anywhere automatically”

““The innocent have nothing to fear” The innocent have nothing to fear”

““The future is here, it’s just unevenly distributed.”The future is here, it’s just unevenly distributed.”


What is RFID?What is RFID?

Si

Coil

Encapsulation

RFID Transponder

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a generic term that is used to describe a system that transmits the identity (in the form of a unique serial number) of an object or person wirelessly, using radio waves. [RFID Journal]

[Roy Want, Intel]

ComputerRFID

Interrogator

RFIDTransponder

Energy

Clock

Data


“It’s simple,but it isn’t easy”

“It’s simple,but it isn’t easy”


EPCglobalEPCglobal

Tag

Local Host

ONSPML

Savant

ReaderProduct

Remote Host

NetworkNetworkNetwork

EPC

• TAGS RFID • EPC Electronic Product Code• ONS Object Name Service• PML Physical Markup Language• SavantTM Distributed Operating System• ALE Application Level Events (devices, data, apps)


ComplicationsComplications Tag size, shape, frequencyTag size, shape, frequency Passive, semi-passive, activePassive, semi-passive, active Distance, orientationDistance, orientation RF interference (EMI)RF interference (EMI)

Other tags, readersOther tags, readers Other sources of RFOther sources of RF Metal, liquids, …Metal, liquids, …

StandardsStandards ISO, EPC (Gen X, Class Y)ISO, EPC (Gen X, Class Y)

PatentsPatents Data FormatData Format

Writeable tagsWriteable tags InteroperabilityInteroperability

Tags, readers, Tags, readers, backend systems, backend systems, industries, countriesindustries, countries

FrequencyFrequency CategoryCategory RangeRange

128 kHz128 kHz LFLF InchesInches

13.56 MHz13.56 MHz HFHF FeetFeet

915 MHz915 MHz UHFUHF MetersMeters

2.45 GHz2.45 GHz MicrowaveMicrowave Many MetersMany Meters


CostsCosts TagsTags

Passive: $0.25 - $1.00Passive: $0.25 - $1.00 Active: $10 - $50Active: $10 - $50

Readers, AntennasReaders, Antennas Passive (UHF): $500 - $3,000Passive (UHF): $500 - $3,000 Active: readers + signposts, $10K+Active: readers + signposts, $10K+

Computers, networking, databases, …Computers, networking, databases, … Training (mandatory, $10K, 1-2 weeks)Training (mandatory, $10K, 1-2 weeks) Forrester Research estimate Forrester Research estimate

(for a $12B consumer products company):(for a $12B consumer products company): $128,000 for consulting and integration$128,000 for consulting and integration $315,000 for the time of the internal project team $315,000 for the time of the internal project team $80,000 for tag and reader testing$80,000 for tag and reader testing


RFID MarketRFID Market Today: $2.7B, 1.8B tags Today: $2.7B, 1.8B tags

(500M passive, 1.3B active)(500M passive, 1.3B active) 2010: $12B; 2010: $12B;

2016: $27B, 1 2016: $27B, 1 trilliontrillion tags tags RFID vs. barcodesRFID vs. barcodes

5-10B barcodes / year5-10B barcodes / year To reach 10B tags / year, To reach 10B tags / year,

need < $0.01 / tag (2020)need < $0.01 / tag (2020) Requires new technologyRequires new technology

Source: IDTechEx

Hitachi mu-Chip(0.15x0.15x0.0075)

Philips(plastic)

Etc.


“Identify any object anywhere automatically”

“Identify any object anywhere automatically”


Supply ChainSupply Chain

Item CasePallet

Container

Transport Vessel / Vehicle


Access ControlAccess Control

Buildings

Ski resorts

Countries

Containers


Asset TrackingAsset Tracking

Livestock Salmon Pets

At school

On the bus

At the park

Airline luggage

Documents& Folders

Beer & Wine


RFID in HealthcareRFID in Healthcare

EquipmentMedications Patients

Blood Surgical sites


TransactionsTransactions

ExxonMobil SpeedPass

Illinois Tollway I-Pass

SST PowerPay

ASK @ Olympics

AmEx ExpressPay

MasterCard PayPass


“The innocent have nothing to fear”

“The innocent have nothing to fear”


Internet: aggregate electronic dataInternet: aggregate electronic data RFID + Internet: aggregate physical world data (!)RFID + Internet: aggregate physical world data (!)

Tracking & tracing: people, places & thingsTracking & tracing: people, places & things Item-level vs. supply chainItem-level vs. supply chain

RisksRisks

BoycottBenetton.com BoycottGillette.com BoycottTesco.com


HacksHacks

RFID Chips in Car Keys and Gas Pump Pay Tags Carry Security RisksAvi Rubin, et al., Johns Hopkins University, 29 January 2005

http://RFIDanalysis.org/

How to Kill RFID Tags with a Cell PhoneScientific American Blog, 14 February 2006

Adi ShamirWeizmann Institute


Real ID ActReal ID Act Passed May 10, 2005Passed May 10, 2005 Effective 2008Effective 2008 National ID CardNational ID Card

name, address, DOB, sex, name, address, DOB, sex, digital photo, ID numberdigital photo, ID number

"common machine-readable "common machine-readable technology“technology“ not not necessarilynecessarily RFID RFID WA House Bill 2521WA House Bill 2521

More info:More info: www.epic.orgwww.epic.org www.aclu.orgwww.aclu.org www.schneier.comwww.schneier.com www.unrealid.comwww.unrealid.com


RFID + childrenRFID + children Sutter, CA, school districtSutter, CA, school district

InCom CorporationInCom Corporation Name badges + RFIDName badges + RFID Notification vs. consentNotification vs. consent


“The future is here,it’s just unevenly distributed

“The future is here,it’s just unevenly distributed


RFID + Mobile PhonesRFID + Mobile Phones KDDIKDDI

RFID RFID readersreaders Active & PassiveActive & Passive

NTT DoCoMo n901iC FOMA®NTT DoCoMo n901iC FOMA® Sony FeliCa chip (+ surround sound, card scanner…)Sony FeliCa chip (+ surround sound, card scanner…)


RFID + SensorsRFID + Sensors TempSensTempSens

Up to 64 temp. readingsUp to 64 temp. readings Three modesThree modes

Interval (2 sec – 18 hrs)Interval (2 sec – 18 hrs) Out-of-range eventsOut-of-range events Out-of-range + max/minOut-of-range + max/min

Shelf life: up to 18 monthsShelf life: up to 18 months Applications: perishable food, drugsApplications: perishable food, drugs www.ksw-microtec.dewww.ksw-microtec.de


RFID + RobotsRFID + Robots

Kobe, JapanMobility Support Project

Utah State UniversityCenter for People with Disabilities

Fukuoka, JapanNTT + Tmsuk


RFID + PeopleRFID + People VeriChip (Applied Digital Solutions)VeriChip (Applied Digital Solutions)

MexicoAttorney General

SpainBeach Club

Cincinnati, OH

Tommy ThompsonGov WI, Sec HHS,

Applied Digital

John Halamka, M.D., CIO Harvard Medical School

?


Amal GraafstraAmal Graafstra

… coming up in a bit …


Shameless Self-promotionShameless Self-promotion


RFID + DisplaysRFID + Displays Proactive DisplaysProactive Displays: Large displays with sensors : Large displays with sensors

that can detect and respond to people nearbythat can detect and respond to people nearby Promote awareness & interactions in shared spacesPromote awareness & interactions in shared spaces Online community Online community physical community physical community

+

OnlineProfiles

Physical Tokens

(e.g., RFID)

+

LargeDisplays

BetterReal-worldInteractions

=


RegistrationRegistration


Profile•Photo•Name•Organization•Title•“ticket to talk” image•“ticket to talk” caption

Queue (people detected nearby)

Sponsor (banner)

Anatomy of a Proactive Display

Anatomy of a Proactive Display


Social Impact ofProactive DisplaysSocial Impact of

Proactive Displays Learning about / meeting Learning about / meeting

new peoplenew people

Learning new things about Learning new things about old acquaintancesold acquaintances

Saving face by displaying Saving face by displaying names (+ faces)names (+ faces) vs.


A Range of ConnectionsA Range of Connections

Coming soon to an[other] event

near you …


Thanks! / Questions?Thanks! / Questions? For more informationFor more information

http://interrelativity.com/rfidhttp://interrelativity.com/rfid