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Interstates/HighwaystoBoulevardsResearch

TheCoPIRGFoundationandgroupscounterto thewideningof the Central 70 project have referenced highway-to-boulevard conversions in their argument for urban freewayremoval. Below are examples of highways that have beenconvertedtoboulevardsorremoved,aswellasprojectsthatareunderdebateandhavenotbeenremoved.

Frequentlyusedexamplesofhighwayconversions:

WestSideElevatedHighway–NewYork,NYo Connectionsateachend:South:I-478inManhattan;North:NY9AinManhattan,NYo Interstatebeforeconversion?Noo Length:5.29mileso Lanes:Sixo Traffic:80,000dailyvehicleso Status:Highwayremovedduetocollapsein1973andconvertedtowideboulevard

§ Laneswereconsideredtoonarrowcouldnotaccommodatetruckso Trafficengineersfoundthattrafficdissipatedafterremoval

RiverfrontParkway–Chattanooga,TN

o Connectionsateachend:RunsfromRiversideDr.toW20St.o Interstatebeforeconversion?Noo Length:3mileso Lanes:Fouro Traffic:20,000dailyvehicleso Status:Highwayreplacedwithboulevardtobetterusespaceinearly2000s

§ Highwaywasbuiltin1960s

HarborDrive–Portland,OR

o Connectionsateachend:ConnectedUS99WtodowntownPortlandalongthewesternbankoftheWillametteRiver

o Interstatebeforeconversion?Noo Length:3mileso Lanes:Fouro Traffic:24,000dailyvehicleso Status:Permanentlyclosedin1974forconstructionofnewpark

§ Asmorefreewayswerebuiltinthecityduringthe1960s--includingInterstate5ontheeasternbankoftheWillametteandInterstate405,awesternbypassarounddowntown--HarborDrivebecamelessimportantasalong-haulfreewayroute

CentralFreeway–SanFrancisco,CA

o Connectionsateachend:ConnectedBayshoreFreeway–theapproachtotheSanFrancisco–OaklandBayBridge–throughdowntownSanFranciscotoBroadwaySt.

o Interstatebeforeconversion?Noo Length:2mileso Lanes:Fouro Traffic:100,000dailyvehicleso Status:Earthquakedamagedfreewayin1989andwascompletelyremovedin1992;replacedwith

thesurface-levelboulevard

EmbarcaderoFreeway–SanFrancisco,CA

o Connectionsateachend:ConnectedBroadwayalongtheEmbarcaderototheBayBridgeo Interstatebeforeconversion?Noo Length:-o Lanes:Four(twoineachdirection)o Traffic:100,000dailyvehicleso Status:Earthquakedamagedthefreewayin1989;closed&eventuallyremovedin1991o Convertedtomulti-useboulevard

§ Containstwobanksofthoroughfaretraffic,3lanesgoingineachdirectionandastreetcarlinedownthecenter

ParkEastFreeway–Milwaukee,WI

o Connectionsateachend:ConnectedLakeFreewayatthenortheastcornerofdowntownand

proceededwesterlyacrossthenorthsideofdowntowntoajunctionwiththeNorth-SouthFreeway

o Interstatebeforeconversion?Noo Length:1mileo Lanes:-o Traffic:54,000dailyvehicleso Status:Demolishedin2002andreplacedwithsix-laneboulevard

Highways/InterstatesUnderDebateforRemoval:I-345–Dallas,TX

o Connectionsateachend:North:I-70South:I-35o Interstate:Yeso Length:1.4mileso Lanes:Threeo Traffic:170,00dailyvehicleso Status:Projectproposalpendingtodemolishtheelevatedstructureoftheinterstate

§ Proponentswantitreplacedwithanat-gradeparkwayandreconnectedstreets§ Bridgewasdesignedandbuiltin1974

I-10/ClaiborneOverpass–NewOrleans,LA

o Connectionsateachend:ElevatedportionofI-10(theinterstateconnectsPacificOceanatStateRoute1inSantaMonica,CA,toI-95inJacksonville,FL)builtdirectlyoverClaiborneAvenue

o Interstate:Yeso Length:2.2mileso Lanes:Sixo Traffic:70,000-110,000dailyvehicleso Status:Active

§ IncreasingcallsfromlocalneighborhoodstoremoveoverpassafterdamagedsustainedfromHurricaneKatrina

§ Proponentsofremovalsayitwouldreconnectneighborhoods,reclaimcityblocksandreplenishoaktrees

I-81–Syracuse,NY

o Connectionsateachend:InterstatesegmentrunseastofdowntownandconnectswithI-690o Interstate:Yeso Length:1.4mileso Lanes:Threeo Traffic:43,000-90,000dailyvehicleso Status:Active

§ Localpoliticalanduniversityleadersarepushingtoremovetheelevatedinterstate§ Removaladvocateswantanurbanboulevardthatwouldreconnectdowntown

neighborhoods• Supporterssayitwillbelesscostlytomaintainandincreaseeconomicactivity

alongthecorridor

GardinerExpressway–Toronto,ON

o Connectionsateachend:Majoreast-westthoroughfarethatconnectsdowntownTorontotoitswesternsuburbs

o Interstate:Noo Length:1.5mileso Lanes:Eighto Traffic:120,000vehiclesdailyo Status:Active

§ Localcitizenshavecalledfortheremovalofa1.5milestretchoftheelevatedexpresswayasitrunsfromfromJarvisStreettojusteastoftheDanValleyParkway

§ Removalsupportedbylocalofficials§ Afareasternportionofthefreewaywassuccessfullyremovedin1999

Route5/Skyway–Buffalo,NY

o Connectionsateachend:BeginsattheInnerHarbordowntown,crossestheBuffaloRiverandtouchesdownasRoute5intheOuterHarbor

o Interstate:Noo Length:1.4mileso Lanes:Fouro Traffic:41,500dailyvehicleso Status:Activebridgeo Localcitizensandcivicorganizationscallforremovalandreplacementofbridgewithsurface

boulevard§ Removaladvocatestoutenvironmentalandeconomicbenefitsfordowntownand

waterfrontredevelopment

InnerLoop–Rochester,NY

o Connectionsateachend:West:I-490exit13;East:I-490exits15and16directlysouthofdowntown

o Interstate:Noo Length:2.68mileso Lanes:12o Traffic:10,500-46,500dailyvehicleso Status:Underconstructiono Planinmotiontoreconstructa2/3milestretchoftheeasternsegmentbetweenMonroeAvenue

andCharlotteStreetwithat-gradeboulevardo Sectionswereshutdownin2015andarecurrentlyunderconstructiono Removaladvocatessayitwillbeautifythecityandcouldimproveeconomicallydistressedareas

I-70–St.Louis,MO

o Connectionsateachend:PassesthroughSt.LouisfromEastofWentzvilletothecityofSt.Charles

o Interstate:Yeso Length:1.4mileso Lanes:13o Traffic:165,000dailyvehicleso Status:Activeo Changedroutestonorthofdowntown;formerrouteisnowI-44o Advocatescalledforthereplacementwithurbanboulevard,renovationplansnevermaterializedo Instead,anenhancedpedestrianaccessandlandscapingovertopwasimplementedondepressed

portionofI-70,named"ParkOvertheHighway"

I-280–SanFrancisco,CA

o Connectionsateachend:Connects4thandKingStreetssouthto16thStreeto Interstate:Yeso Length:1.2mileso Lanes:Eighto Traffic:11,000to226,000dailyvehicleso Status:Active

§ MayorispushingproposaltoremovestretchofI-280andreplacewithboulevard§ Proposalcallsforaneventualconnectionwithraillineservice

I-375–Detroit,MI

o Connectionsateachend:ConnectssouthernmostlegoftheWalterP.ChryslerFreewayandaspurofI-75intodowntownDetroit,endingatBSInterstate375

o Interstate:Yeso Length:1.06mileso Lanes:Fouro Traffic:17,101to41,512dailyvehicleso Status:Active

§ MDOThasindefinitelydelayedanycourseofactiononthehighwayremoval§ SixalternativeproposalsforrebuildingI-375wereunveiledbyMDOTinJune2014

• Proposalsincludedrebuilding,replacingwithboulevard,upgradingexistingfreewaytoincludebikelanesandotherpedestrian-friendlyfeatures

TerminalIslandFreeway–LongBeach,CA

o Connectionsateachend:ConnectsSeasideFreewaytoWillowStreeto Interstate:Noo Length:1.6mileso Lanes:Fouro Traffic:11,000vehiclesperdayo Status:Active

§ TheLongBeachCityCouncilvotedunanimouslyin2015toconductanenvironmentalstudyfortheremovalofthefreeway

§ Wouldbereplacedwithparks

AetnaViaduct–Hartford,CT

o Connectionsateachend:ElevatedI-84viaductthatbeginsatSissonAvenueandrunsthroughtheheartofdowntownHartford

o Interstate:Noo Length:¾mileo Lanes:Twoo Traffic:175,000dailyvehicleso Status:Active

§ A2010studyreinforcedideaofreplacingthedeterioratingviaduct;prospectsforreplacingtheithavesincefaded

§ DOTexpectedtofinalizeplanin2016