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Protectingyour community in hard times while preparingyour community for the future Ohio CDC Association Ohio Conference of Community Development Ohio Conference of Community Development

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Intro to Community Economic Development: How to grow and retain jobs in your community

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Page 1: Into to Community Economic Development

Protecting your community in hard times while preparing your g y y p p g ycommunity for the future

Ohio CDC AssociationOhio Conference of Community DevelopmentOhio Conference of Community Development

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I Instructors Brian Higgins Mark Barbash

Sponsor Acknowledgement Special Thanks to our Sponsors:  Ohio Department of Development (ODOD) Ohio Department of Development (ODOD) The Office of Housing and Community Partnerships (OHCP) through 

the CDC Program of the Ohio Housing Trust FundPNC B k PNC Bank

Housekeeping Amy Rosenthal, Ohio CDC Association

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Around the room introductions What is your name? What you do? Where you are from? What is your experience with economic development?  Who is your favorite Sweathog?

Arnold, Juan, Vinnie, Mr. Kotter or Freddie?

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Hi   f  C i  E i   History of  Community Economic Development (CED)

Navigating CED: Who, what why, where, when how, how muchwhen how, how much

Doing the dealg

The new Ohio Department of Development f lServices (formerly ODOD)

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There is none! There is none!

When a community  When a community was founded, people opened a variety of opened a variety of businesses to serve the populationthe population.

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B i   d     h  fi   i   Basic needs were the first economic generatorsG l St  / F  S l  St General Store / Farm Supply Store Market Bar Bar Doctor Church Church

Market forces tended to dictate the success of failure of these establishments.

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f Cities grew on the back of large industries Ports Manufacturing Mining Rail

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These larges industries populated our neighborhoods and created a consumer base f hb h d lfor our neighborhood retail stores.

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Over the past 65 years, America has spread out…some call it sprawl. h h ll b The Interstate Highway System allows jobs 

and people to relocate farther from the urban d f h f h bcore…and further from the jobs

And then the jobs started moving away from h bthe urban core. 

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Leaving us first i h   with vacant 

factories

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Then with   ilvacant retail

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I   ll t  th t    ft  d d t      In small towns that are often dependant on one or two major employers, relocation and closure can devastate the communitycan devastate the community.

An excellent modern example is the effect that DHL’s departure had on Wilmington. City of 12,000 people

b 7,000 jobs cut 20% of local businesses closed DHL employment came from 27 area counties DHL employment came from 27 area counties

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Stage 1: 1940’s – 1980’s: Began in the southern states led by the primary utilitiesh Why?

Partnerships dominated primarily by the private sector

Stage 2: 1980’s – 2000’s: Utility cutbacks f d h bl k l lforced the public sector to take a larger role

Stage 3: 21st Century: What next?

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It is reasonable to assume that our cities and towns will have to change to respond to this 

lnew normal. They will never be like they used to be.

h d h h l h That doesn’t mean that the “new normal” has to be bad or even worse than things used to bbe.

Things will be different.

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hWho

WhatHow much

WhereHow

WhenWhy

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Why are you doing this?  Why are you doing this?  Job creation, job retention, well paying jobs, diversification of 

economy, industrial, commercial, retail) Who is your market? y Neighborhood, downtown, main street/courthouse square)

What is your strategy?  BRE, Attraction, Main Street, BRE, Attraction, Main Street, 

Where are you doing this?  What are the characteristics of your community?

How:  What are your specific action steps?

When:  What’s the timeline/timetable?What s the timeline/timetable?

How Much will this cost?  How much will it cost and where will you find the money?

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Why are you doing this? What are   l  J b  i  j b your goals: Job creation, job 

retention, well paying jobs, , p y g j ,diversification of economy, industrial, commercialcommercial

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What are your ultimate goals?  How will you achieve consensus among 

k h ld h lstakeholders on the goals? Political acceptance of the goal(s)

f Be sure to measure your performance in achieving the goalsh h l What is “the Elevator Story”?

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Who is your market? (Neighborhood, y ( g ,downtown, main street/courthouse square)q )

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N i hb h d  i l   id   d    Neighborhood commercials corridors used to be lively with diverse merchants that provided services for people living in the provided services for people living in the adjacent residential districts

After WWII and the construction of the After WWII and the construction of the Interstate Highway System, city neighborhoods:g Lost much of the middle class Depopulated Warehoused the poor 

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f The first step is admitting you have a problem Neighborhood commercial corridors are 

b h hnever going to be what they were

ll b bl b d d k Some will be able to rebrand and remake themselves

For example…

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f Once the thriving epicenters of small town America, “Main Street USA” contained all the b l f l fbasic elements of life Food General merchandise Haircuts Banking

Think of Mayberry 

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Some continue to thrive due to repositioning/a shifting population  such as Lebanonshifting population, such as Lebanon

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Too often they end up being full of vacant or underutilized buildings and vacant lots (even on a town square/Main Street location)

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D li i /d li d  l i Declining/decentralized population Easy access to other marketsCh i     tt    W l t Changing consumer patterns = Walmart

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Now the world’s largest corporation, Walmart’s early successes occurred in rural 

kmarkets.   Their average store size is 100,000 square f d ll f d ffeet and sells a range of products from clothing to electronics, food to general 

h d ll f hmerchandise as well often having automotive service centers

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The store’s size and “one‐stop‐shop” approach still draw customers from up to 50 

l d lmiles around in rural areas This had a documented adverse effect on 

lMain Street retailers A Walmart within 30 miles of a small town 

ld f d f fcould account for a reduction of 50% of Main Street retailer

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W l t’ fi t  t  i  B t ill  AK           Walmart’s first store in Bentonville, AK….         A small town Main Street!

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D t      th  h b  f  ll  ti it   Downtowns were once the hub of all activity –commercial, retail, residential, transportation hub  entertainmenthub, entertainment

Changes in development patterns stripped downtowns of much of their past glory.  By the early 1970’s, many were still commercial job centers, but they had lost their luster. 

By the 1990’s  people because to realize the  By the 1990’s, people because to realize the economic value of downtowns and widespread reinvestment began.reinvestment began.

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Investment in downtown makes the area more desirable to workers/businesses

l f h h Development of housing gives the area a 18‐24 hour viability

l d h l Focusing regional uses in downtown helps to create a critical mass of complimentary activity 

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1977:

Nationwide Plaza One

1980

Hyatt / Battelle Hall

Holiday Inn Crown Plaza

1988:

North Market Revitalization

1999:d

35 Years

1993:

Convention Center

999

Convention Center Expansion

2000:

Nationwide ArenaHousing and 

Offices

2005:

I‐670 CAP

2007:

Huntington Park Baseball

2010

No Casino

2012:

Hilton Convention Center7 Baseball Center

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What is your strategy? Retention and What is your strategy? Retention and Expansion, Attraction, Main Street, Neighborhood RevitalizationNeighborhood Revitalization

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Focus on your primary market (s) (Who) Keep it simple (KISS)

b f h Partners can be part of your strategy (In other words, you don’t have to do everything)

k l h Make sure your strategy aligns with your partners and the political decision‐makers

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NBR Strategy: Neighborhood Business Revitalization

l Key question: Are you revitalizating a deteriorating area or are you protecting what 

l d hyou already have? Remember: Main Street commercial 

l ll h hrevitalization still has to compete in the marketplace…what’s your distinguishing ffeature?

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I     ff     i    b i  d   In your efforts to recruit new businesses, do not forgot about the employers that you already have and the jobs representalready have and the jobs represent.

Basic community services can be important Workforce for growthWorkforce for growth Tax breaks for expansion Low interest loans for facility/equipment y q pupgrades

Assistance with relocation within the fcommunity if necessary

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As plans to construct Nationwide Arena and the surrounding Arena District took shape, ff l h d b ffofficials had concerns about traffic egress

If Vine Street could be connected to Neil ld d hAvenue, it would provide another way in/out 

as well as easy access to State Route 315

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f l They still own most of  Larger facility  Better freeway access Room to grow

They still own most of their old site near the arena and plan to develop 

Room to grow Added jobs

p pit.

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Job growth is the key to the long term economic viability of a community

h l h l l ff f Each employee has a multiplier effect of approximately $2.25f b h h k ll If new jobs are incongruent with the skill sets of the labor force, those jobs could go unfilled

l f l k h Many new locations come from linkages with existing businesses (see Retention)

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Requires partnership with elementary and secondary schools, colleges, universities, 

h l h l b h bl dtechnical schools (both public and private) Local workforce agency (ODJFS and One Stops)

Primarily funded with federal resources, h h b b kwhich are being cut back

However….may be critical to success!

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Where are you doing this? What are the characteristics of your the characteristics of your community?

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K   h  d hi   f    i Know the demographics of your community Education, Earnings, Diversity, Housing, Poverty

Key Employers Key Employers Your place in the regional/state/national economyeconomy

Know your community assets to build on Asset MappingAsset Mapping

What are the S‐W‐O‐T’s of your community Most important: Be flexible and learn from your community’s characteristics.  

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f f Identification of assets means you have the opportunity to utilize assets (if you don’t k h l hknow they exist, you can’t utilize them!). People Local associations Institutions  Historic/psychologically relevant buildings

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Conducting a SWOT Analysis will help you to understand your community’s starting point. Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats

DOES THIS FIT?

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H  Wh       ifi   i  How: What are your specific action steps?p

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Start with an action‐oriented Strategic Plan Identify the partners, the resources, the 

d hStrategies and the Action Steps Whowill do what by when? KISS (See Who)

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When: What’s the timeline/timetable? When: What s the timeline/timetable? How long will it take to plan, i iti ti  i l t  d   initiative, implement and measure your efforts?

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d h k l A good hockey player plays where the puckis  A great hockey is. A great hockey player plays where the puck is going to p g gbe!

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Connect the action steps with the resources “Think around the corner” 

d f d h k b ll Provide for periodic check‐ins by all partners to ascertain progress

h l fl bl Keep the timeline flexible

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How Much will this cost and where ill    t  ? will you get resources? 

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Financing Operations Local government Fundraising Campaigns Most difficult resources to raise

Financing Capital Investment Equity Investors Banks Public Sector Programsg

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O ti  B i  Fi i Operating Business Financing Federal: SBA 7(a) loan guarantee, SBA 504 direct loan, USDA Loan GuaranteeUSDA Loan Guarantee

State: Ohio 166 Direct Loan, Ohio Capital Access Program, Ohio Minority Loan Program

Job Creation Tax Credits; Job Retention Tax Credits Technology Business Investment

Ohi  Thi d F ti  R & D i t t  T   dit  f   Ohio Third Frontier: R & D investment, Tax credits for technology investment

Entrepreneurial Signature Programs: through p g g gregional tech organizations

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Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)

b h b d CDBG projects must be consistent with broad national priorities Must benefit low‐ and moderate‐income people Aid in the prevention or elimination of slums or blight Other community development activities to 

dd h h l h faddress an urgent threat to health or safety.

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TIF are used by municipal governments to pay for upfront infrastructure costs

f h Taxes are frozen in a certain geography As that geography becomes more valuable d h f d ddue to the new infrastructure and associated development, the costs of the infrastructure 

dis repaid.

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f Tax credits provided primarily to banks for investing in community development projects (39% over 7 years)

Larger projects Longer Time Frame Large market with smaller allocations

l bl f Flexible financing

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f Can the program be used for the need? Does the timetable of the project meet the 

bl f htimetable of the program? Does the business meet the credit and/or 

l f hsocial criteria for the program? What types of strings does the program hhave?

Can the business spend money?

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Getting the Banks to  Getting the Banks to… 

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The George Steinbrenner Rule The Berlitz Rule

h b h l The Herb Cohen Rule The Dennis Kucinich Rule

h l f l The Al Capone’s Safe Rule The Heidi Fleiss Rule

h l The Don Quixote Rule The Elephant Rule

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f Partners need to have a reason for getting engaged

k Banks ‐‐‐‐ CRA Foundations ‐‐‐‐ Social Goals

h f hb h d Anchor Institutions ‐‐‐‐ Safe neighborhoods for their employeesd f h h d d d l Identify why they are interested and develop partnerships that meet those goals. 

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Use the public sector programs to reduce the risk of the private sector investment

b Very time consuming to bring in partners

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f f These strategies are not feasible for every neighborhood

h hb h d h ld Other neighborhoods should Identify assets Locate key intersections (traffic counts, access) Nodal development

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h d b f ll Why do business projects fall apart? Inadequate working capital to finance growth? Project costs escalate Financial strength of the company either deteriorates or is not as good as you thoughtor is not as good as you thought

Market defined too broadly Expanding into an unfamiliar product line or service Expanding into an unfamiliar product line or service Inadequate business skills Expanding too fast Expanding too fast

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f Why do real estate projects fall apart? Unanticipated problems with the site Mismatch between the cost of the financing and the real estate rental market Financing dries up Tough economy Disputes among property owners

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f In the past, the Ohio Department of Development oversaw all housing, economic d l b d h l hdevelopment, job training and the Clean Ohio Fund.

All economic development/job creation h b d f hactivities have been removed from the 

Department of Development and put under h f b hthe governance of JobsOhio.  

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Ohio Department pof Development

• Economic  • Housing & PartnershipsEconomic Development

• Attraction• International Business

Housing & Partnerships• Job Ready Sites (JRS)• Clean Ohio• Historic PrezTax Credits

• Incentives • Loans/Grants• Regional Partners

• Ohio Third Frontier• Energy Office• Small & Minority Business• Loans/Grants

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f Newly created non‐profit is now responsible for economic development and job creation. 

d f d f b Board of Directors is composed of business leaders.h h h h f k ll b The hope is that this new framework will be 

nimble and more responsive to the needs of bbusiness.

Mix results in other states. 

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• Team NEO• Regional Growth Partnership

l b• Columbus 2020• CincinnatiUSA• Dayton Development y p

Coalition• Appalachian Business Council

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Tour Preparation 

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Greater Linden’s LocationGreater Linden s Location

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Middle class community Mix of Italians, Irish, Germans and African‐Americans

Construction of the Interstate Highway d h h f b b l dSystem and the growth of suburbs lead to 

economic and racial flight.h l l d By the late 1960’s/early 1970’s Linden, is 

officially in decline.

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In order to revitalize Linden, it was necessary to increase the population and wealth of the p pcommunity without allowing  gentrification to occur. 

A plan was developed for the creation of a comprehensive nodal, new urbanist development co p e e s e oda , e u ba st de e op e tthat integrates retail, commercial, residential and community services in one area.

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C l b  U b  G th C ti  th  Cit ’   Columbus Urban Growth Corporation, the City’s former non‐profit commercial development arm, assembled the land and brokered the majority of j yactivities that have taken place in the Four Corners.

They served as developer for several project sites They served as developer for several project sites.

Helped facilitate the development of other sites.p p

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One of the first entities to commit to the Four Corners was the Columbus Metropolitan Housing Authority (CMHA).  They constructed a three story, 42,000 square foot office building on a site that once held the burnt out remains of the former Eleventh Avenue School.

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Eleventh Avenue School, 1996

CMHA, 2000

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h d f h Meeting the transportation needs of the community was deemed to be an essential component if the Four Corners project was to be successful  in part Four Corners project was to be successful, in part because much of the community is transit dependent.p

The Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA) committed to the construction of their flagship Transit Center on the site of a blighted structure, the Hea  Metal Motorc cle Cl bHeavy Metal Motorcycle Club.

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“H  M t l” “Heavy Metal” Motorcycle Club

September, 1998

Linden Transit Center

October, 1999

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In addition to transportation services, the Linden Transit Center has the following ffeatures; ATM machine First and second shift child care Planned Parenthood Children’s Hospital 

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Once home to one of the most notorious carry‐outs in Columbus

Now is a two‐story 7,200 square foot office building

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The only building that was retained as part of the project was the CrosstownBuilding.  This building is 4,200 square feet and features office space  a barber feet and features office space, a barber shop, tax service and The Linden Café, a popular sit‐down restaurant.

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House and vacant land – 2000

Neighborhood Policing Center ‐20042004

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I   d  t   id       t iti  i  Li d   In order to provide move up opportunities in Linden, seven single family houses have been constructed on the back of the CMHA lot

Each house cost between $90,000‐$115,000 and have the following amenities:

A i l      f Approximately 1,350 square feet Three bedrooms Two bathroomsTwo bathrooms Basement Detached, two car garage

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The Point of Pride building is a two‐story, 21,000 square foot commercial/office 21,000 square foot commercial/office building.  The first floor consists of a mixture of national, regional and local retail tenants.  The second floor is all office space   This The second floor is all office space.  This building fills a retail void in the community and provides residents with access to 

i   h   h   i l  h d   l  services that they previously had to leave the neighborhood to access. 

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Thi  b ildi  i  diff  f   h   h   This building is different from the other components of the project.COTA  CMHA  d th  P li  St ti     ll  COTA, CMHA and the Police Station were all financed through grants/capital investments. These institutional uses were designed to create a These institutional uses were designed to create a critical mass of employees and structures at the intersection. Ideally, this critical mass would help the retail uses be more successful. 

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The Point of Pride site is actually eleven parcels and a portion of a vacated city street.and a portion of a vacated city street.

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Th  P i t  f P id  B ildi  h      d   it   The Point of Pride Building has over a dozen equity sources, but its debt is subject to conventional banking guidelines.g g

Credible tenants with long term leases must be secured, even though the neighborhood has economic challengeseconomic challenges.

The Challenge:  How do you make a private sector g y pbuilding successful in a public sector environment?

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f City of Columbus Franklin County

l b Columbus Compact Ohio Community Development Finance Fund

k Huntington Bank

l b Local Corporate Contributions Community Support

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I     l   h  d i   f  h   i   It was always the desire of the community and the various development entities that the public investment made in the Four Corners public investment made in the Four Corners project would encourage the private sector to make investments.make investments.

This occurred in one way through the recruitment of certain tenants.

Additionally, it happened just north of the Four Corners project area.  

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8  j b 800 jobs

107,000 square feet of office and retail space 7, q p

$17 million in investment

26 businesses new to the neighborhood

Seven new homes

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k b hMark BarbashEconomic Development Consulting614 568 5049614‐568‐[email protected]

Brian HigginsArch City Development614‐563‐[email protected]