Intolerance & Civil LibertiesRed = loss of liberty/intolerance Black = expansion of liberties/rights

• 1791: Bill of Rights ratified• 1798: Alien & Sedition Acts• 1828: Andrew Jackson’s election begins era of

expanding voting to the common man• 1853: Know Nothing Party• Civil War: suspension of Habeas Corpus• 1868: 14th Amendment (equal treatment clause)• 1870: 15th Amendment gives black men the vote• Reconstruction: black codes and Ku Klux Klan• End of 19th Century: literacy tests, poll taxes,

residence requirements

Intolerance &Civil LibertiesRed = loss of liberty/intolerance Black = expansion of liberties/rights

• 1917: Espionage Act, Sedition Act; affirmation in Schenck v U.S.• 1919: Red Scare• 1920: 19th Amendment gives women the vote• 1920s: Ku Klux Klan, Sacco & Vanzetti, Immigration act of 1924• WWII: Japanese-American Internment; Korematsu decision• 1950s: McCarthyism• 1953-1969: Warren Court rulings• 1964: 24th Amendment outlaws the poll tax• 1965: Griswold v. Connecticut gives right to privacy• 1971: 26th Amendment lowers voting age to 18• 1973: Roe v. Wade expands reproductive rights• 1989: Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (and 1991’s Casey v.

Planned Parenthood) restricts reproductive rights• 2001: Sept. 11 attacks and the Patriot Act

Rise of Political Parties• 1792: Creation of first parties; split into Federalists &

Democratic-Republicans• 1816: begin Era of Good feelings (Federalists fade

away)• 1824: controversial election of John Quincy Adams

splits country into Whigs and Democrats• 1840-1854: Several third parties in response to

immigration (American) and the lack of resolution to slavery (Liberty, Free Soil, Republican)

• 1860: first electoral victory of modern Republican party (Whigs gone by now)

• 1890s: Populists

Political Parties• 1900-1920: Progressives in both Democrat and

Republican parties (brief Bull Moose Party)• 1936: Democrats become the new majority as a result

of FDR’s new coalition (ends long era of Republican rule)

• 1948: Dixiecrats• 1968: American Independent Party and realignment

of the South (after Democrats pass the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act)

• 1980/1994: Reagan’s election (1980) and Republicans retake Congress (1994) usher in the “New Right”

Political Parties

• 1860-1932: Republican dominance of the presidency (only Democratic exceptions are Grover Cleveland & Woodrow Wilson)

• 1932-1980: Democratic Dominance of the Presidency (only Republican exceptions are Dwight Eisenhower and Richard Nixon; but is Jimmy Carter in 1976 a fluke of Watergate?)