8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

1/23

Carbonate System

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

2/23

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

3/23

Depositional spectrum

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

4/23

Carbonate Facies Belts

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

5/23

Steps in Working with Carbonates

Lithology Description*

Geometry

Fossils

Sedimentary Structures

Porosity/Perm. Distrib.

Fluid content

DepositionalEnvironment

Palaeogeographicreconstructions

Reservoir quality

Reservoir extent

DATA GATHERINGDATA GATHERING INTERPRETATIONINTERPRETATION PREDICTIONPREDICTION

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

6/23

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

7/23

General Properties of Carbonate Reservoir Rocks

LITHOLOGYdolomite

grainstonesboundstones

POROSITYPRIMARY

SECONDARY

interparticleintraparticleintercrystalline

moldicvuggyintercrystalline

POSITION

ON PROFILE

INNER-SHELF FAIRWAYOUTER-SHELF FAIRWAY

MIDDLE-SHELF HIGHSDEEP-WATER REEFS/ATOLLS

DIAGENESIS

STEADY SUBSIDENCE

SINGLE UPLIFTMULTIPLE UPLIFTS

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

8/23

Possible Interpretation Based on Sample

Examination

RESERVOIR QUALITY

HC SHOWS

RESERVOIR GEOMETRY

WATER DEPTH

SALINITY

POSITION OFPROFILE

EOD

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

9/23

Carbonate Sillisiclastic

Environment

SedimentType and

Grain size

Tropical climate All Climates

Shallow water depth All Water Depths

Mainly marine Terrestrial and Marine

Hydraulic Energy

Mud indicates the

suspension system

Organic

Mud Indicates primary

precipitation & mud-size

components

Vs

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

10/23

Carbonate Sillisiclastic

Facies Control

Sub-aerial

Exposure

Tectonic

organisms growth

Vs

Marine

Cementation

Regional Tectonics

Common None

Intense

DiagenesisNo Effect

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

11/23

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

12/23

Carbonate Sillisiclastic

Vs All depositional

textures may developeconomic porenetworks

Res. Propertiescontroled mainly bydiagenesis

Greater likelihood to be

oil-wet

Reservoir

properties

Coarse grained facies

have economic porenetworks

Res. Propertiescontroled mainly bydepositional processes

Greater likelihood to bewater-wet

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

13/23

Carbonate Sillisiclastic

Log Recognition

Seismic Resolution

Difficult

Vs

Cuttings Useful

Accurate

May be diagnostic

Fair - good Good/excellent

Predictablefacies belts

Good/excellent

Fair

Fair

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

14/23

Carbonate Rock Classification

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

15/23

Carbonate Rock Classification

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

16/23

Core Photograph of PAB-1

Selected core photograps for depositionalfacies

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

17/23

Core Photograph of PAB-1

Selected core photograps for depositionalfacies and diagenesis

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

18/23

Core Photograph of PAB-1

Selected core photograps for depositionalfacies and diagenesis

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

19/23

Core Photograph of Pergidatit AB-1

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

20/23

Petrographic Photo of AS-10 Core

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

21/23

Petroraphic Photo of PAB-1 core

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

22/23

8/13/2019 Intro Carbonate 2 Carbonate System

23/23