Occupational Safety Occupational Safety

and Healthand Healthand Healthand HealthJefferson C. Palma

11/22/14

Objectives:

At the end of this session, participants will be able to

to:

Articulate a heightened awareness of the OSH

situation, both local and internationalsituation, both local and international

Identify the problems/issues associated with OSH

conditions in the country

Learn about different types of hazard controls

International Injuries/Illnesses

317 million accidents with 2.3 million

fatalities/yr.

160 million new cases of work related

illnesses/yrillnesses/yr

Source: International Labor Organization 2010

Philippine Labor Force

38.5 M workers of which 34M are employed

62% Males; 38% Females

15-24 years old 51.1%

25-54 years old 45% 25-54 years old 45%

55 years old and over 3.7%

Migrant Worker 8 M

Source: National Statistics Office

Challenges

Building a Culture of Health and Safety

Including the Vulnerable workers

Showing the Links between productivity,

competitiveness and safety and health of competitiveness and safety and health of

workers.

Competitiveness and Safety

Hazard

What are Hazards?

- Capability of a substance or material to cause harm.

at Alone or Interacting With Other Factors Can With Other Factors Can Cause Harm

A Spill on the Floor

Broken Equipment

Hazards

Types of Health Hazards

- Physical Agents: Noise, vibration, radiation, defective illumination, temperature, etc.

- Chemical Agents: dusts, gases, vapors, fumes, mists, tobacco, etc.

- Biological Agents: viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, insects, etc.

- Ergonomic: excessive standing, improper motions, lifting heavy load, etc.

- Psychosocial: drugs and alcohol, violence, sexual harrassment, organizational, organizational factors, discrimination, etc.

CHEMICAL & DUST

HAZARDS

(cleaning products,

pesticides, asbestos, etc.)

BIOLOGICAL

HAZARDS

(mold, insects/pests,

communicable diseases, etc.)

ERGONOMIC

HAZARDS

(repetition, lifting, awkward

postures, etc.)

WORK WORK

ORGANIZATION

HAZARDS

Things that cause STRESS!

SAFETY HAZARDS

(slips, trips and falls, faulty

equipment, etc.)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

(noise, temperature

extremes, radiation, etc.)

Hazards

Physical Hazards (safety Hazards)

Heavy Load

Dangerous equipment and tools (no machine

guard, defective tools)guard, defective tools)

Flying objects

Temporary structures (poorly built scaffoldings)

Faulty electrical wiring

Poor Housekeeping

Hazards

Forms of Chemical Hazards

Solids granules, pellets

Liquids spray soultions

Fumes heating lead ingots above melting point Fumes heating lead ingots above melting point

of lead (>330 C)

Risk A measure of the probability and

severity of a hazard to harm human

health, property, or the environment

A measure of how likely harm is to occur A measure of how likely harm is to occur

and an indication of how serious the

harm might be

Risk Risk 00

What Is An Accident?

What Is An Accident?

An Accident is:

a. An unexpected and undesirable event, especially one

resulting in damage or harm: car accidents on icy roads.

b. An unforeseen incident: A series of happy accidents led

to his promotion.

c. An instance of involuntary urination or defecation in c. An instance of involuntary urination or defecation in

one's clothing.

2. Lack of intention; chance: ran into an old friend by

accident.

3. Logic A circumstance or attribute that is not essential to

the nature of something.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/accident

Causes of Accidents Unsafe Conditions

Poorly maintained machinery or equipment.

Defective or missing personal protective equipment.

Unguarded machinery or equipment.

Missing or inadequate Missing or inadequate

warnings or safety and health

signs.

Lack of housekeeping.

Unsafe Acts

Conduct work operations without

prior training

Block or remove safety devices.

Clean, lubricate, or repair

Causes of Accidents

Clean, lubricate, or repair

equipment while its in operation.

Working without protection in

hazardous places.

Hierarchy of Controls

Requires a physical change to the

workplace

Elimination/Substitution

Most Effective

Requires worker to

wear something

Requires worker or employer

to do something

Least Effective

CONTROLS: EngineeringCONTROLS: Engineering

CONTROL AT THE SOURCE!

Limits the hazard but doesnt entirely remove it.

Other Examples:Mechanical Guards

Wet Methods for Dust

Local ExhaustLocal Exhaust

Wet Methods for Dust

Enclosures/Isolation

Dilution Ventilation

Proper Proper

equipmentequipment ReRe--designed Toolsdesigned Tools

Image: by Kare_Products

Image: by JohnRH4's photostream

Image: by purpleslogs photostream

CONTROLS: AdministrativeCONTROLS: Administrative

Aimed at Reducing Employee Exposure to Hazardsbut Not Removing Them!

Changes in work procedures such as:

Written safety policies/rules Written safety policies/rules

Schedule changes, such as: Lengthened or Additional Rest Breaks Job Rotation Adjusting the Work Pace

Training with the goal of reducing the duration, frequency and severity of exposure to

hazards

CONTROLS: PPECONTROLS: PPE

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Equipment

Control of LAST RESORT!Control of LAST RESORT!

Special Clothing

Eye Protection

Hearing Protection

Respiratory Protection

21CONTROL IS AT THE WORKER!

Occupational Safety

A specified field within OSH concerned with

the prevention and control of work-related

accidents, injuries, illnesses and other

similarly caused harmful events.similarly caused harmful events.

These events may result in property damage,

business interruption and environmental

pollution.

Case Study

Shipping Company (DOLE reports from 2008 to 2009)

Accidents (1120) resulting in over 30 deaths in one

of the biggest shipping companies in the Philippines

employing some 15,000 persons.employing some 15,000 persons.

Most deaths occurred in construction of ships and

the shipyard while carrying out welding and cutting

works, roof works, masonry, materials handling,

maintenance, heavy equipment, operation and steel

works.

Case StudyCase Study

Upon inspection the following were noted.

Heavy equipment (minimum weight of 1000kgs and 10 hp rating) were not tested and certified

Not all workers were given safety orientation prior to deployment to work

Gas cylinders were stored in temporary storage areas within the construction site, however, these gas cylinders had no chains. One worker was smoking near the gas cylinders.was smoking near the gas cylinders.

The safety managers claimed that all their PPEs were provided by a certified body from Korea, but not hard hats and safety belts of the sub contractors.

Some workers complained of worn out safety shoes and working clothes; not all workers in the construction area were wearing safety shoes; some workers were simply wearing undershirts sandos and rubber shoes.

A welder working at height was not using body harness or safety belt

Transferring to another location.

Case StudyCase Study

Guide Questions:

What would have been the reasons for the

death of the workers?death of the workers?

What safety hazard have you noted?

What unsafe acts and unsafe conditions did

you note?