intro physics instructors guide semester1 appendixa

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Appendix A: AssignmentsSemester 1

Appendix A consists of FRQs, Labs, and self-check quizzes. The answer keys for all of the self-check quizzes appear at the end of the appendix.

FRQs.....................................................................................................................3Chapter 1...........................................................................................................3Chapter 2...........................................................................................................5Chapter 3...........................................................................................................8Chapter 4.........................................................................................................10Chapter 5.........................................................................................................12Chapter 6.........................................................................................................15Chapter 7.........................................................................................................18Chapter 8.........................................................................................................19Chapter 9.........................................................................................................21

Labs....................................................................................................................23Chapter 1: Motion with Constant Acceleration.................................................23Chapter 2: Newton’s Second Law....................................................................23Chapter 3: Atwood’s Machine..........................................................................23Chapter 4: Changes in Potential Energy..........................................................23Chapter 5: Conservation of Linear Momentum................................................23Chapter 6: Uniform Circular Motion.................................................................23Chapter 7: The Physical Pendulum.................................................................23Chapter 8: Bernoulli’s Equation.......................................................................23Chapter 9: Mechanical Equivalent of Heat.......................................................23

Self-Check Quizzes...........................................................................................24Chapter 1, Lesson 1........................................................................................24Chapter 1, Lesson 2........................................................................................26Chapter 2, Lesson 5........................................................................................28Chapter 2, Lesson 6........................................................................................30Chapter 3, Lesson 7........................................................................................33Chapter 3, Lesson 8........................................................................................35Chapter 3, Lesson 10......................................................................................37Chapter 4, Lesson 12......................................................................................39Chapter 4, Lesson 13......................................................................................41Chapter 5, Lesson 14......................................................................................44Chapter 5, Lesson 15......................................................................................47Chapter 6, Lesson 18......................................................................................48Chapter 6, Lesson 20......................................................................................50Chapter 7, Lesson 22......................................................................................52Chapter 7, Lesson 24......................................................................................54Chapter 8, Lesson 26......................................................................................55Chapter 8, Lesson 27......................................................................................57

Chapter 9, Lesson 28......................................................................................58Chapter 9, Lesson 29......................................................................................60Self-Check Quiz Answer Keys......................................................................63

FRQs

Chapter 1Free Response Questions and Answers

1. A car slows to a stop in 5 seconds. If it was going 80 km/hr, find

a. the accelerationAns. A = – 4.44 m/s2

b. the stopping distance.Ans. d = 55.5 m

2. A rock is thrown horizontally from a cliff with a speed of 15 m/s. It falls half the height of the cliff in the last three seconds of its fall.

a. what is the total fall time?Ans. t = 10.2 s

b. how high is the cliff?Ans. h = 514 m

c. what is the horizontal distance from the cliff when it hits the ground?Ans. d = 154 m

3. A rock is thrown at 12.0 m/s at an angle of 60o above horizontal.

a. How high does the rock rise?Ans. h= 5.5 m

b. How long is it in the air if it falls to the same elevation at which it was thrown?Ans. t = 2.1 s

c. How far from the thrower does the rock land?Ans. d = 13 m

4. A projectile shot at an angle of 60o above the horizontal strikes a building 80 ft away at a point 48 ft above the point of release. (g = 32 ft/s2)

a. Find the initial velocityAns. vo = 67.3 ft/sec

b. Find the magnitude & direction of the velocity when it strikes the building.Ans. 38.1 ft/sec at 28o (below horizontal)

Chapter 2Free Response Questions & Answers

1. A crate with a total mass of 50 kg is initially at rest on a level floor:

a. What is the weight of the Crate?

500 N

b. What is the magnitude and the direction of the normal force, FNorm, acting on the crate?

500 N upward

c. What is the magnitude of the upward force required to lift the crate with an acceleration of 1 m/s2?

550 N

d. If the crate is being lifted at a constant upward velocity of 2 m/s, what is the magnitude of the upward force acting on the crate?

500 N

e. A horizontal force of 150 N pushes the crate across the floor at a constant acceleration of 1.2 m/s2. What is the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the crate?

90 N

f. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the floor?

0.18

2. A cart of mass M was released at the top of a rough inclined plane of length d. The coefficient of static friction between the cart and the plane is , and the

coefficient of kinetic friction is .. The angle of inclination of the plane is .

a. What is the direction of the acceleration due to gravity?

downward

b. Name the forces exerting on the cart.

Gravitational, frictional and normal forces

c. Draw a free body diagram for the cart.

d. Write down the equation of Newton’s 2d law in vector form and in x and y components.

x:

y: .

e. What is the magnitude of the static friction force just before the cart starts moving?

f. What is the magnitude of the kinetic friction when the cart is moving?

g. What is the relationship between the coefficient of static friction, , and the inclination angle ?

h. How long does it take for the cart to reach the bottom of the incline?

.

i. What is the speed of the cart when it reaches the bottom of the incline?

.


1. A boy drags a wooden crate with a mass of 20 kg, a distance of 12 m, across a rough level floor at a constant speed of 1.5 m/s by pulling on the rope tied to the crate with a force of 50 N. The rope makes an angle of 25 with the horizontal.

a. What are the horizontal and vertical components of the applied force?

Fapp, x 45.3 N Fapp, y = 21.1 N

b. What is the magnitude of each of the forces?

Applied Force = 50 N Weight = 200 N Normal Force = 178.9 N Frictional Force = 45.3 N

c. How much work is done by each of the forces?

WApplied Force = 544 J WWeight = 0 J WNormal Force = 0 J WFrictional Force = -544 J

d. What is the total amount of work done on the object?

Wtot = 0 J

e. What is the coefficient of friction of the crate on the floor?

0.25

2. A 0.05 kg arrow is launched vertically in the air. The bowstring exerts an average force of 53 N on the arrow over a distance of 0.75 m.

a. With what speed does the arrow leave the bow.

v = 40 m/s.

b. How high will the arrow travel? Neglect air resistance.

h = 80 m

3. A 263-g object is dropped onto a vertical spring with force constant k = 2.52 N/cm. The object sticks to the spring, and the spring compresses 11.8 cm before coming momentarily to rest. While the spring is being compressed, how much work is done:

a. by the force of gravity?

0.304 J

b. by the spring?

-1.74J

c. What was the speed of the object just before it hit the spring?

3.3 m/s

d. If this initial speed of the block is doubled, what is the maximum compression of the spring?

22.25 cm

4. A boy with a mass 50 kg walks up the stairs from the ground to the top of a spiral water slide in 1 minute. The height of the slide is 11.5 m above the ground.

a. calculate the following:

(i) the potential energy gained

mgh

(ii) the average power developed by the boy in walking up the stairs

95.8 W

b. As the boy slides down the slide and reaches the bottom, his speed is 12 m s-1

and the distance traveled along the slide is 108 m.

(i) Find the mechanical energy lost by the boy in sliding down the slide.

2150 J

(ii) What is the average frictional force acting on the boy?

19.9 N


1. The braking force on a 15,680N car is 6.4 *102N. The car initially is moving at 20m/s. The car finally stops.

(a) What is the car’s mass? m = 1600Kg

(b) What is its initial momentum? 3.2 *104 Kgm/s

(c) What is the change in the car’s momentum? 3.2*104 kgm/s

(d) How long does the braking force act on the car to bring it to a halt? 50s

2. A car of mass m1 stopped at a traffic light is rear-ended by a car with mass m2. The cars become entangled. The second car was moving at vi =30.0m/s before the collision.

a. What kind of collision is this? Perfectly Inelastic Collision

b. What are the quantities conserved in this collision? Linear momentum only

c. What is the velocity of the entangled cars after the collision in terms of masses m1 and m2, and the initial velocity of the lighter car, vi?

d. What are the initial kinetic energies of the two cars, if m1=2500kg and m2=1000kg?

e. What are the initial linear momenta of the two cars?

d. What is the kinetic of the system after the collision?


1. A ball of mass M is tied to a massless string of length L and is swinging as

shown in the figure.

a. What is the radial acceleration at the time when the ball’s speed is v?

b. What is the tangential acceleration at the time when the ball’s speed is v?

c. How does the speed of the ball depend on mass?

It does not depend on M

2. In order to drive a car around a curve, there must be a frictional force between

the tires and the road, or the road must be banked. Consider a 1250 kg car

traveling at a speed of 25.0 m/s around a curve with a radius of 175 m.

a. If the road is horizontal, what is the coefficient of static friction between the

tires of the car and the road?

R

M

0.36

b. If the curve is banked and the road surface is frictionless, what must be the

angle (with respect to the horizontal) of the road surface?

20.0o

3. A 40-kg girl is on a swing. The length of the chain that the swing is attached to

is 2.4 m.

a. If the girl is at rest, what is the tension in the chain?

400 N

b. If the girl is swinging and her speed at the lowest point is 2 m/s, what is the

tension in the chain at this point?

467 N

c. If the swing goes around a vertical circle and her velocity is 6 m/s at the top,

what is the tension in the chain at this point?

200 N

d. If she swings around in a vertical circle, what is the minimum velocity that she

must have at the top of the circle to maintain her circular motion?

4.9 m/s

4. A box of mass 75 kg is put on a 10-m long steel beam of mass 150 kg and is

connected to the wall and supported by a steel cable as shown in the figure. The

box is located 2.5 m from the wall and the cable makes 60o angel with the beam.

(g=9.8m/s2).

a. What are the weights of the box and the steel beam?

735 N; 1470N

b. Draw a free body diagram and write down the sum of net force components

and net torque involved in this system.

c. What is the magnitude of the tension on the cable required to keep the system

in equilibrium?

1061 N

d. What are the magnitude and the direction of the force exerted by the wall on

the beam?

1391.3 N; 67.60


1. A 500g object is moving on a horizontal frictionless surface. Its displacement

from the origin is given by the equation:

a. What kind of motion is this?

Simple harmonic motion

b. What is the amplitude of this motion?

3.50m

c. What is the period of this motion?

4.00s

d. What is the frequency of this motion?

0.25 s-1

e. What is the linear velocity of this motion?

f. What is the linear acceleration of this motion?

g. What is the maximum kinetic energy of this system?

.

h. What is the maximum potential energy of this system?

i. What is the total mechanical energy of this system?

2. A 0.30 kg mass suspended on a massless spring stretches the spring 2.0 cm.

The mass is pulled down an additional distance of 1.5 cm and released.

a. What is the period of resulting oscillation?

0.28 s

b. What is the total mechanical energy of the system?

0.017 J

3. The Earth is 150 million kilometers from the Sun. If the Earth’s mass is 6 x 1024

Kg,

a. What is the speed of Earth’s orbital motion? (1 year = 365.25 days)

29865 m/s

b. What is the mass of the Sun?

2*1030 kg

4. A satellite of mass m is moving in a circular orbit around the Earth at a

constant speed v and at an altitude h above the Earth’s surface.

a. What is the speed of the satellite in terms of G, h, and the Earth’s radius RE?

b. Find the speed of a satellite orbiting the Earth 1000 km above its surface. The

radius of the Earth is and its mass is .

6.29*103 s

c. What is the period of the above satellite?

6.29*103 s


1. What is the hydrostatic pressure in sea water at a depth of 500.0 m below the

surface? The density of sea water is 1025 kg/m3.

5.02 106 Pa

2. An object is hung from a spring scale while it is immersed in water. The scale

reads 5.6 N. The mass of the object is 0.75 kg. What is the density of the object?

4.2*103 kg/m3

3. An object floats with 50% of its volume submerged in fluid 1. If the object is

placed in fluid 2, it floats with 75% of its volume submerged. If fluid 1 is water,

what is the density of fluid 2?

667 kg/m3

4. Water flows through a garden hose that goes up a step 20.0-cm in height. If

the water pressure is 143 kPa at the bottom of the step, what is its pressure at

the top of the step? The cross-sectional area of the hose on top of the step is half

that at the bottom of the step and the speed of the water at the bottom of the step

is 1.20 m/s.

130 kPa


1. Calculate the height from which a block of ice at 0oC must be dropped for it to

completely melt upon impact. Assume that there is no air resistance and that all

the energy goes into melting the ice. The heat of fusion of ice is 335,000 J/kg.

33,500 m

2. Find the mass of ice required at 0oC that 10 grams of 100oC steam will melt

completely.

60 grams

3. How much will the length of a 1.0 km section of concrete highway change if the temperature varies from - 15°C in the winter to 41°C in the summer? The coefficient of linear expansion of concrete is 12*10-6/Co

0.67 m

4. One end of a steel rod is connected to one end of a copper rod. The copper

end of the composite rod is immersed in boiling water and the other end is

immersed in a water-ice mixture. The length of the copper section is 100 cm.

Both rods have a cross-sectional area of 5 cm2. The temperature of the

copper-steel junction is 60o C. How long is the steel section?

19.5 cm

5. A copper rod has a length of 0.6 m at room temperature (22 C). The coefficient

of expansion of copper is 17 x 10-6 /C, its specific heat is 386 J/kg-K, its melting

point is 1356 K and its heat of fusion is 207 kJ/kg.

a. The copper rod is heated so that its length increases to 0.603 m. What is the

new temperature of the copper rod?

316oC

b. If the mass of the rod is 0.52 kg, how much thermal energy was added to the

rod in part a)?

5.9*104 J

c. How much total thermal energy will need to be added to the copper if we want

to completely melt the copper rod starting at room temperature?

3.21*105 J


1. A cylinder containing carbon dioxide gas (CO2) has a volume of 0.050 m3. At

25.0 °C the gas has an absolute pressure of 2.00 106 Pa.

a. What is the mass of carbon dioxide in the cylinder?

1.78 kg

b. How many molecules of CO2 are in the cylinder?

2.43*1025

2. A system containing four moles of an ideal gas has a temperature of 120 C

and has a volume of one cubic meter. It is then taken through an isothermal

expansion so that its volume increases to 3 m3.

a. What is the pressure at the beginning and end of this process?

1.31*104 Pa; 4.35*103 Pa

b. What is the change in the internal energy of the gas?

Zero

c. How much work was done by the gas?

1.44*104 J

d. How much heat was added to the gas?

1.44*104 J

3. A Carnot engine is operated between two heat reservoirs at temperatures of

500 K and 270 K. The engine does 300 J of work per cycle.

a. What is the efficiency of this engine?

0.46

b. How many joules of heat energy must be received at the high temperature per

cycle?

652 J

c. How many joules of heat energy does this engine expel at the low temperature

per cycle?

352 J

Labs

Labs for Chapters 1-9 are available as separate PDF files on your Course Distribution DVD, inside the Instructor folder and then the Resources folder.

Chapter 1: Motion with Constant AccelerationChapter 2: Newton’s Second LawChapter 3: Atwood’s MachineChapter 4: Changes in Potential EnergyChapter 5: Conservation of Linear MomentumChapter 6: Uniform Circular MotionChapter 7: The Physical PendulumChapter 8: Bernoulli’s EquationChapter 9: Mechanical Equivalent of Heat

Self-Check Quizzes

Chapter 1, Lesson 1Motion in One Dimension

1. An object accelerates if it:

A. changes the direction of its velocity but not the magnitudeB. changes the magnitude of the velocity but not the directionC. changes its speedD. All of the above.E. None of the above.

2. A car starts for rest and in ten seconds is moving at 40 m/s. What is the car's acceleration?

A. 0.25 m/s2

B. 2.5 m/s2

C. 4.0 m/s2

D. 10 m/s2

E. 40 m/s2

F. None of the above.

3. An object, accelerating from rest at a constant rate, travels over 28 m in 11 s. What is its final velocity?

A. 1.8 m/sB. 3.2 m/sC. 5.1 m/sD. zeroE. None of the above.

4. A car comes to a stop over a distance of 30.0 m after the driver applies the breaks. If the car decelerates at a constant rate of 3.50 m/s2, what was the car's original speed?

A. 10.2 m/sB. 14.5 m/sC. 105 m/sD. 210 m/sE. None of the above.

5. A stone is thrown straight up. What is its acceleration at the top of its trajectory?

A. 0 m/s2 B. about 5 m/s2 C. about 10 m/s2 D. about 20 m/s2 E. about 50 m/s2

F. Cannot be determined.

6. While the stone in the question above is rising:

A. its acceleration is upward and decreasingB. its acceleration is upward and constant C. its acceleration is upward and increasing

D. its acceleration is zeroE. None of the above.

7. An object is thrown upward with an initial velocity of 32.1 m/s. What is its velocity in 4.0 s?

A. -7.20B. 11.2C. 7.20D. -4.6

8. When the object in the question above reaches it maximum height, it is true of the acceleration, a, and the velocity, v, that:

A. both its acceleration and velocity are zeroB. both its acceleration and velocity change signC. velocity is equal to zero, but acceleration is notD. acceleration is equal to zero, but velocity is notE. None of the above.

9. While accelerating at a constant rate from 12.0 m/s to 18.0 m/s, a car moves over a distance of 60.0 m. How much time does it take?

A. 1.00B. 2.50C. 4.00D. 4.50E. None of the above.

10. A sports car accelerates at a constant rate from rest to a speed of 90 km/hr in 8 s. What is its acceleration?

A. 3.1 m/s2

B. 4.2 m/s2 C. 5.3 m/s2 D. 6.7 m/s2 E. None of the above.

11. What distance does a train travel while slowing from 28 m/s to zero in 12 s?

A. 168 mB. 178 mC. 236 mD. 291 mE. None of the above.

12. What upward velocity must a basketball player have to jump 1.6 m off the floor?

A. 2.3 m/sB. 3.8 m/sC. 4.9 m/sD. 5.6 m/sE. None of the above.

13. If the instantaneous velocity of an object is zero, then its acceleration must be:

A. zero

B. positiveC. negative D. 100E. Not enough information.

14. Two objects are thrown from the top edge of a cliff with a speed of 10 m/s. One object is thrown straight down and the other straight up. If the first object hits the ground in 4 s, the second hits the ground in _____ after the first object.

A. 4 sB. 3.5 sC. 3 sD. 2 sE. None of the above.

Chapter 1, Lesson 2Motion in Two Dimensions

1. A helicopter is flying at 40 m/s at an altitude of 100 m. If a ball is released from the helicopter, with what velocity will it hit the ground?

A. 40 m/sB. 50 m/sC. 60 m/sD. 70 m/s

2. A cannonball is fired from the ground at an initial speed of 40 m/s at an angle of above the horizontal. It takes 2.0 s for the cannonball to reach its maximum vertical height. What was

the angle ?

A. 10o

B. 20o

C. 30o

D. 40o

E. 50o

3. A rifle bullet is fired from the top of a cliff at an angle of 30o below the horizontal. The initial velocity of the bullet is 800 m/s. If the cliff is 80 m high, how far does it travel horizontally?

A. 130 mB. 140 mC. 150 mD. 160 m

4. A stone is thrown horizontally with an initial speed of 10 m/s from the edge of a cliff. It hits the ground in 4.3 s. What is the height of the cliff?

A. 22 mB. 43 mC. 77 mD. 91 m

5. A projectile is launched with an initial velocity of 60.0 m/s at an angle of 37.0o above the horizontal. What is the maximum height reached by the projectile?

A. 23 mB. 46 mC. 67 mD. 92 m

6. A soccer ball is kicked with a velocity of 25 m/s at an angle of 45o above the horizontal. What is the vertical component of its acceleration as it travels along its path?

A. 9.80 m/s2 downwardB. (9.80 m/s2) X sin (45o) downwardC. (9.80 m/s2) X sin (45o) upwardD. (9.80 m/s2) upward

7. A pilot drops a bomb from a plane flying horizontally. Where will the plane be located when the bomb hits the ground?

A. behind and above the bomb B. over the bombC. in front and above of the bombD. depends on the speed of the plane when the bomb was released

8. A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a tower at the same instant that another stone is dropped vertically. Which object is traveling faster when it hits the ground?

A. It is impossible to tell from the information givenB. The first stoneC. The second stoneD. Neither, since both of them will hit the ground at the same time

9. A ball thrown horizontally from the top of a building 24 m above the ground strikes the ground at the distance of 18 m from the base of the building. What was its initial velocity? (Use g = 10 m/s2.)

A. 6.10 m/sB. 7.40 m/sC. 8.22 m/sD. 8.96 m/s

10. The horizontal and vertical components of the initial velocity of a projectile are 50 m/s and 120 m/s respectively. What is the magnitude of the initial velocity?

A. 110 m/sB. 130 m/sC. 150 m/sD. 170 m/s

11. A bullet is fired at an angle of 30o below the horizontal with an initial velocity of 800 m/s from the top of an 80 m high tower. How far from the base of the tower does it strike the ground?

A. 130 mB. 140 mC. 150 mD. 160 m

12. A stone is thrown with an initial speed of 12 m/s at an angle of 30o above the horizontal from the top edge of a cliff. If it takes the stone 5.6 s to reach the bottom, how far does the stone travel horizontally? Neglect air resistance.

A. 58 mB. 154 mC. 120 mD. 197 m

Chapter 2, Lesson 5Newton’s Laws

1. An object of 2 kg mass, acted upon by a net force of 20 N, will experience what acceleration?

A. 5 m/s2 B. 10 m/s2

C. 7.5 m/s2

D. 12.4 m/s2

2. A box rests on a level table. Let W be the weight of the box, and N is the normal of the table on the box. In magnitude, W is opposite and ___ N, and the two forces ___ action-reaction pair.

A. equals, areB. equals, are notC. is greater than, areD. is greater than, are not

3. A 2.0-kg object is acted on by a force F. The object is moving with acceleration of 10 m/s2. Find F.

A. 0.2 N B. 5 NC. 12 ND. 20 NE. none of them

4. You jump off a truck and accelerate toward the surface of the Earth. Does the Earth accelerate toward you?

A. Yes, but the acceleration of the Earth is very smallB. No, the acceleration of the Earth is zeroC. Yes, Newton’s 3rd Law implies the accelerations are equalD. cannot be determinedE. none of the above

5. All objects tend to maintain their state of motion because they have:

A. massB. weightC. speedD. acceleration

E. all of these

6. If a 60-ton Patton tank collides with a little Honda Civic, which vehicle will experience the greater impact force?

A. The tankB. The CivicC. Both the sameD. Neither feels a force

7. If a net force is acting on an object, then _______________.

A. The object is at restB. The object is moving with constant velocityC. The object is being acceleratedD. The object is losing mass

8. In Newtonian mechanics, ____ is the cause and _____ the effect.

A. acceleration, velocityB. force, accelerationC. acceleration, forceD. force, velocityE. none of the above

9. A 1000-kg sports car of mass accelerates from rest to 20 m/s in 6.6 s. What is the force exerted by the road on the car?

A. 1500 NB. 1750 NC. 2750 ND. 3000 N

10. Two forces act on an object. A 10 N force is directed North and a 5 N force South. The object moves at constant acceleration of 2 m/s2. What is the mass of the object?

A. 7.5 kgB. 2.5 kgC. 7.5 kgD. 5 kgE. none of the above

11. Bill weighs 160 lb. He is standing on a scale inside an elevator. What is the reading on the scale if the elevator is accelerating downward?

A. 160 lbB. less than 160 lbC. greater than 160 lbD. zero

12. Two forces, 300 N and 500 N, act on an 80-kg particle. 300 N north and 500 N east. Find the magnitude of the resultant acceleration if the forces make a 900 angle with each other.

A. 5.45 m/s2

B. 6.24 m/s2

C. 6.85 m/s2

D. 7.29 m/s2

E. 8.09 m/s2

13. Mike stands on a scale in an elevator. If the elevator is accelerating upwards with 4.9 m/s2, the scale reading is ____ times Mike’s weight.

A. 1.15B. 1.5C. 1.55D. 1.60E. none of them

14. A truck moving at 13.3 m/s hits a concrete wall. As a result of the collision, a 6-kg wrench moves forwards and strikes the wall of the tool compartment. If the wrench stops after being in contact with the wall for 0.07 s, what is the average force exerted on the wrench by the wall?

A. 78 NB. 1140 NC. 1300 ND. 4800 NE. 1.14 x 106 N

Chapter 2, Lesson 6Applications of Newton’s Laws

1. A crate is pulled across a horizontal floor by a rope tied to the crate. The rope makes an angle of 37 degrees with the horizontal. Find the frictional force if the tension in the rope is 10N and the crate moves with constant velocity.

A. 3.0 NB. 5.0 NC. 7.0 ND. 8.0 NE. none of them

2. A crate slides down a 35o ramp with constant speed. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the ramp?

A. 0.25B. 0.45C. 0.50D. 0.60E. 0.70

3. The coefficient of static friction between the tires of a car and asphalt is . What is the steepest angle of a slope on which the car can be parked?

A. 22.5o

B. 30o

C. 37o

D. 45o

4. A 500 N weight is hung at the middle of a rope attached to two buildings at the same level. If the breaks in the tension exceed 1800 N, what is the minimum angle the rope can make with the horizontal?

A. 4o

B. 8o

C. 11o

D. 18o

5. Sam is using a rope to pull a box weighing 300 N across a floor with constant velocity. The rope makes an angle of 30o above the horizontal. If the tension in the rope is 100 N, what is the normal force exerted by the floor on the box?

A. 300 NB. 290 NC. 270 ND. 250 N

6. A 5.0-kg block is pulled horizontally across a floor by a string attached to it with an acceleration of 2 m/s2 k. What is the tension in the string if the coefficient of sliding kinetic friction between the block and floor is 0.2?

A. 5.6 NB. 9.8 NC. 19.8 ND. 28.9 N

7. A force of 250 N pushes a 50-kg box along a horizontal surface. The force is directed 30o below the horizontal. What is the acceleration of the box if the coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the surface is 0.30?

A. 0.637 m/s2

B. 1.77 m/s2

C. 3.16 m/s2

D. 6.31 m/s2

8. The word "normal" in the phrase "normal force" indicates that:

A. the force is exerted by a surfaceB. the force is exerted by an objectC. the force exerted by a surface is parallel to itselfD. the force exerted by a surface is perpendicular to itself

9. A 1.50-kg mass is acted upon by a force of 16.0 N applied at an angle of 60o above the horizontal. What is the acceleration of the mass?

A. 4.33 m/s2

B. 5.33 m/s2

C. 6.33 m/s2

D. 7.35 m/s2

10. A weight of 5000 N is suspended by two cables. The object is at rest. The first cable is horizontal and the second makes an angle of 143o with the first cable. Find the tension of the first cable.

A. 4000 N

B. 6640 N C. 8310 N D. 3340 N

11. Two blocks with masses 2.00 kg and 4.00 kg are placed side-by-side on a frictionless horizontal surface. A horizontal force with a magnitude of 5.20 N is applied to the 2.00-kg block perpendicular to its surface. What is the magnitude of the force on the 4.00-kg block?

A. 2.60B. 3.11C. 3.47D. 3.89

12. A 43-kg child sits in a massless swing. With what horizontal force must the seat be pulled so that the ropes form an angle of 35o with respect to the vertical?

A. 300 NB. 320 NC. 340 ND. 360 N

13. A physics student holds a 2.40-kg block against a wall by pressing on it perpendicularly to the

wall. Find the minimum force she must exert if the coefficient of static friction is .

A. 7.53B. 73.5C. 23.5D. 235E. not enough information

14. A pair of “fuzzy dice” hangs from a string attached to the rear view mirror of a race car moving with constant acceleration. Find the acceleration if the string makes a 70o angle with the vertical.

A. 22 m/s2

B. 27 m/s2

C. 33 m/s2

D. 35 m/s2

E. 39 m/s2

15. A 2.0-kg laptop sits on the horizontal surface of the seat of a car moving at 8.0 m/s. The driver starts slowing down to stop. Find the minimum stopping distance so the computer does not slip and fall onto the floor if between the seat and the laptop is 0.40 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20.

A. 4 mB. 8 mC. 12 mD. 16 mE. 24 m

16. Two forces act on a 5-kg object. One force is 40 N and directed east. The other force is directed west. The acceleration of the object is 3 m/s West. What is the magnitude and direction of the second force?

A. 15 N WestB. 55 N WestC. 25 N EastD. 55 N East

Chapter 3, Lesson 7Work and Work-Energy Theorem

1. If it takes 40 J to push a large box 4 m across a floor, what is the magnitude of the force on the box? The push is in the same direction as the velocity of the box.

A. 4 N B. 10 N C. 40 N D. 160 N E. none of the above

2. A 1500 kg car travels at a speed of 20 m/s. What is its kinetic energy?

A. 15.0 x 105 JB. 2.5 x 105 J C. 3.0 x 105 J D. 6.0 x 105 J

3. A 15.0 kg crate, initially at rest, slides down a 2.0 m long frictionless ramp inclined at an angle of 20o. What is the velocity of the crate at the bottom of the ramp? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

A. 6.1 m/sB. 3.7 m/sC. 10.7 m/sD. 8.3 m/s

4. A block slides down an inclined plane. Which force does zero work?

A. the weightB. frictionC. normal forceD. all of the aboveE. none of the above

5. If a car moving at 15 m/s skids to a stop after 20 m, how far will it skid if it is moving at 45 m/s? Assume that the braking force is constant.

A. 20 m.B. 50 m.C. 90 m.D. 120 m.E. 180 m.

6. A loaded sled weighs 5000 N. It is pulled on level snow by a horizontal force. The coefficient of kinetic friction between sled and snow is 0.05. How much work is done by the force if the sled traveled 1000 m at constant speed?

A. 2.5*104 JB. 2.5*105 JC. 5.0*105 JD. 2.5*106 JE. 5.0*106 J

7. An 8000-N car is moving at 12 m/s along a horizontal road. The driver applies the breaks and the car skids to a stop. How much kinetic energy is lost?

A. 4.8*104 JB. 5.9*104 JC. 1.2*105 JD. 5.8*105 JE. 4.8*106 J

8. The amount of work required to stop a truck is equal to the:

A. velocity of the truckB. kinetic energy of the truck C. mass of the truck times its acceleration D. mass of the truck times its velocity E. square of the velocity of the truck

9. A 5.0-kg brick is moving horizontally at 6.0 m/s. In order to change its speed to 10.0 m/s, the net work done on the brick must be:

A. 40 J B. 90 J C. 160 J D. 400 J E. 550 J

10. If the work done on a particle is zero, then:

A. the net force is zeroB. the displacement is zeroC. the acceleration is zeroD. all of the above are possible

11. A crate is pulled 7.0 m across a smooth surface. The tension in the rope pulling the crate is 40 N. If the work on the crate is 247 J, what is the angle the rope makes with the horizontal?

A. 28o

B. 41o

C. 47o D. 62o

12. Which of the following has the largest kinetic energy?

A. Mass 3M and speed V B. Mass 3M and speed 2V C. Mass 2M and speed 3V D. Mass M and speed 4V

13. A 40 N box is pulled up an inclined plane at a constant velocity. If the plane is inclined at an angle of 37o to the horizontal and the box travels 5 m, what is the work done by the force of

gravity?

A. 120 JB. 6 JC. 1180 JD. 200 J

14. A 20.0-N weight starts from rest and slides down a 150 m long inclined plane which makes an angle of 30o with the horizontal. At the bottom of the plane, the speed of the weight is 15.0 m/s. What work is done by friction?

A. 1270 JB. 1500 JC. -1500 JD. 229 J

Chapter 3, Lesson 8Conservative Forces and Potential Energy

1. What is the work required to stretch a spring with a constant force of 2500 N/m by 4.00 cm?

A. 4 JB. 0C. 3 JD. 2 J

2. An 80-N crate is pushed at constant speed for a distance of 5.0 m upward along a smooth inclined plane that makes an angle of 30o with the horizontal. If the force on the crate is parallel to the slope, what is the work done by the pushing force?

A. –200 JB. 61 JC. 140 JD. 200 JE. 260 J

3. A force of 30.0 N is required to stretch a spring by 0.20 m. What work is done in stretching a spring from 0 to 0.40 m?

A. 12.0 JB. 6.00 JC. 3.00 JD. 1.50 J

4. A 6.00 kg block slides down a 3.40 m long inclined plane. The speed of the block at the bottom is 5.40 m/s. If the height of the plane is 2.00 m, what is the work done by friction?

A. -118 JB. -30.1 JC. -85.5 JD. -8.85 J

5. Jim climbs up a rope from an initial height of 1.30 m to a final height of 3.20 m. If Jim’s mass

is 45 kg, what is the change in his gravitational potential energy?

A. 85.5 JB. 838 JC. 1980 JD. 187 J

6. An object thrown vertically upward will ________ kinetic energy and ________ gravitational potential energy.

A. gain ... gainB. gain ... loseC. lose ... gainD. lose ... lose

7. A car is moving up a hill at constant speed. Which statement below is correct?

A. its potential energy is constantB. its total mechanical energy is constantC. work is being done by a non-conservative forceD. none of the above

8. A 60 g golf ball is dropped from a level of 2 m high. It rebounds to 1.5 m. How much energy is lost?

A. 0.29 JB. 0.5 JC. 0.88 JD. 1 J

9. An 80,000 kg plane is flying at 900 km/h at a height of 10 kilometers. What is its total mechanical energy?

A. 250 MJB. 478 MJC. 773 MJD. 10,340 MJ

10. Bill pushes a 250 N weight wheelbarrow up a 6.0 m long ramp making 20o angle with the horizontal. Find the change in the gravitational potential energy of the wheelbarrow.

A. 513 JB. 1500 JC. 3550 JD. 4500 J

11. A 2000-kg ore car rolls 50 meters down a smooth 10o incline. There is a horizontal spring at the end of the incline designed to stop the car in case of break failure. What is the force constant of the spring if it would compress by 1 m to stop the ore car?

A. 340.3 kN/mB. 680.7 kN/mC. 980.0 kN/mD. 1960.0 kN/m

12. An 80-N crate is pushed a distance of 5.0 m upward along a smooth incline that makes an

angle of 30o with the horizontal. The force pushing the crate is parallel to the slope. If the speed of the crate increases at a rate of 1.5 m/s2, find the work done by the force.

A. 200 JB. 1 JC. 140 JD. 200 JE. 260 J

Chapter 3, Lesson 10Conservation of Energy and Power

1. Ruth is moving a heavy box a distance of 14.0 m across the floor of her bedroom. If she does 9000 J of work in 3.00s, her power is _____.

A. 3000 WB. 12000 WC. 149 WD. 1500 W

2. The rate at which work is done is equivalent to:

A. increase in potential energyB. thermal energyC. potential energyD. power

3. A pulley-cable system on a construction site lifts a 20,000 N concrete block to a height of 40 m. If this takes 2 min., what is the power of the pulley-cable system?

A. 6.7 kWB. 3.3 kWC. 13.3 kWD. 400 kW

4. A jet engine is moving an airplane forward at a speed of 900 km/hr. If the thrust of the engine is 105 N, what is the power developed by the engine?

A. 5 MWB. 10 MWC. 25 MWD. 50 MW

5. For safety reasons, the speed of a child at the bottom of a playground slide cannot exceed 6.0 m/s. What is the maximum height of the slide?

A. 1.8 mB. 2.9 mC. 3.2 mD. 4.5 m

6. Sarah and her bicycle have a total mass of 40 kg. Her speed at the top of a 10 m high and 100m long hill is 5 m/s. If the force of friction on her way down is 20 N, at what speed will she be going when she reaches the bottom?

A. 5 m/sB. 10 m/sC. 11 m/sD. She stops before she reaches the bottom.

7. A boy on a roof throws one ball downward and an identical ball upward. The ball thrown downward hits the ground with 100 J of kinetic energy. If both balls are thrown at the same speed and there is no air friction, what is the kinetic energy of the second just before it hits the ground?

A. 100 JB. 200 JC. Less than 100 JD. More than 200 JE. none of the above

8. A 0.145 kg rock is thrown with a speed of 32.0 m/s at an angle of 400. What is its kinetic energy at the top of its trajectory?

A. 43.6 JB. 74.2 JC. 30.6 JD. 13.0 J

9. A rubber ball is dropped on the floor. The rebound speed is one-half the speed it had just before hitting the floor. It will rise to ________ of the original height from which it was dropped.

A. 1/8B. 1/6C. 1/5D. 1/4E. 1/3

10. A 500 kg roller coaster car crests a 20m high hill at a speed of 10 m/s. It then rolls down the other side, all the way to ground level, and climbs a second hill. What is the speed of the car when it is 10 m up the second hill?

A. 15.3 m/sB. 17.2 m/sC. 8.9 m/s D. 19.7 m/s

11. A pendulum, 2.0 m in length, is released with a push when the string is at an angle of 25 o from the vertical. If the initial speed of the pendulum is 1.2 m/s, what is its speed at the bottom of the swing?

A. 2.3 m/sB. 2.6 m/sC. 2.0 m/sD. 0.5 m/s

12. A 1.5 kg object falls from a height of 2.0 m onto a spring scale with a spring constant of 1.5x105 N/m. What is the reading on the scale at its greatest compression?

A. 15 NB. 30 N

C. 1.5x103 N

D. 2.1x103 N

E. 3.2x103 N

13. An object is thrown vertically upward with an initial kinetic energy of 4000 J from the level where its potential energy is 6000 J. When it is halfway to its highest point, its kinetic energy will be _____ J and its potential energy will be ______ J.

A. 6000, 4000B. 2000, 3000C. 2000, 4000D. 2000, 8000

Chapter 4, Lesson 12Center of Mass, Impulse, and Momentum

1. The distance between the center of masses of two objects is 4.60 m. The masses of the objects are 24.3 kg and 45.8 kg. What is the distance of the center of mass of the two objects from the center of mass of the 24.3 kg object?

A. 1.00B. 2.50C. 3.00D. 1.60

2. The location of the center of mass of a person:

A. is always located within the personB. is always located outside of the personC. can change if the person movesD. is a fixed point that does not change

3. For which of the following objects would the center of mass not lie within the object itself?

A. BasketballB. DoughnutC. BrickD. Book

4. A bumper protects a car during a collision because it:

A. increases the time of impactB. decreases the time of impactC. increases the force of impactD. increases kinetic energy transfer

5. If two objects have the same momentum, then:

A. the object with the greater mass will have the smaller velocityB. the object with the greater mass will have the larger velocityC. both objects have the same velocityD. both objects have only the same speed

6. A 3-kg ball is rolling at a speed of 6 m/s. What is the magnitude of the momentum of the ball?

A. 6 m/sB. 18 kg.m/sC. 18 m/sD. 6 kg.m/s

7. A brick falls to the ground. If the time for the collision of the brick and the ground is increased by a factor of 4, the force of the collision with the ground will change by a factor of:

A. 4B. 16C. 1/4D. 1/16

8. A 0.30 kg ball is dropped onto a concrete driveway. The ball's velocity before impact is 4.5 m/s and after impact is 4.2 m/s. What is the change in the ball's momentum?

A. 0.09 kg-m/sB. 2.6 kg-m/sC. 4.0 kg-m/sD. 116 kg-m/s

9. What is the speed of a 0.145 kg object moving with a momentum of 5.80 Ns?

A. 0.841 m/sB. 1.19 m/sC. 40.0 m/sD. 36.0 m/s

10. Which is a vector?

A. linear momentumB. impulseC. neither a nor bD. both a and b

11. Mike jumps 1 m down onto a walkway. His downward motion stops in 0.02 seconds. If he forgets to bend his knees, what force is transmitted to his leg bones? Mike’s mass is 70-kg.

A. 15,490 NB. 7,010 NC. 4,900 ND. 3,500 N

12. A 1.5 kg ball falls onto a floor. Just before it strikes the floor, its velocity is 12 m/s. The ball bounces up with a velocity of 10 m/s. Find the impulse on the ball.

A. 3 N-s B. 15 N-sC. 8 N-s

D. 33 N-s

13. A soccer player kicks a soccer ball initially at rest setting it in motion at a velocity of 30 m/s. If the ball has a mass of 0.5 kg and the time of contact is 0.025 s, what is the force exerted on the player’s foot?

A. 188 NB. 375 NC. 600 ND. 900 N

14. The driver of a 2000 kg car moving at 30 m/s presses on the break pedal. If the braking force is 10,000 N, how far does the car travel before stopping?

A. 45 mB. 90 mC. 135 mD. 180 m

15. A 2 kg ball moving at 3 m/s hits a wall and bounces off. Immediately after the collision, it moves at 3 m/s in the opposite direction. What is the change in the object’s momentum?

A. 12 kg m/sB. -12 kg m/sC. 0 kg m/sD. +6 kg m/sE. -6 kg m/sF. More than one of the above is possible

16. A 3 kg object and a 4 kg object have the same kinetic energy. Which object has larger momentum?

A. the 3 kg object B. they have the same momentumC. the 4 kg D. not enough information

17. A 3 kg object and a 4 kg object have the same linear momentum. Which object has larger kinetic energy?

A. the 3 kg object B. they have the same kinetic energyC. the 4 kg object D. not enough information

Chapter 4, Lesson 13Conservation of Linear Momentum, Collisions

1. Momentum of a system is conserved only when:

A. there are no forces acting on the systemB. there are no external forces acting on the systemC. there are no internal forces acting on the system

D. the system is not movingE. the system has been moving long enough to gain momentum

2. An elephant is hit by a ping pong ball. The magnitude of the change in momentum is

A. greatest for the elephantB. greatest for the ping pong ballC. the same for bothD. depends on the ratio of the masses of the ball and elephantE. none of these

3. A 1000 kg car traveling east at 20 m/s collides head-on with a 1500 kg car traveling west at 10 m/s. The cars stick together after the collision. What is their common velocity after the collision?

A. 3 m/s eastB. 4 m/s eastC. 6 m/s westD. 14 m/s eastE. none of these

4. Which of the following is a correct statement of the law of conservation of momentum?

A. The rate of change of momentum of a body is equal to the net force applied to it.B. The total momentum of an isolated system of bodies remains constant.C. The total momentum is always conserved.D. The sum of the impulses momenta of the objects in an isolated system is always

conserved.E. None of these.

5. A large platform is initially at rest on a smooth surface. A dog on the platform starts running toward the east. The mass of the dog is one-half the mass of the platform. When the dog moves toward the east with a speed vo, the platform moves toward the ________ with a speed ________.

A. east ... vo/2B. east ... 2 vo

C. west ... vo/2D. west ... 2 vo

E. none of these

6. A 0.240 kg glider moving with a velocity of 0.600 m/s collides head-on with a 0.260 kg glider moving along the same line in the opposite direction with a velocity of 0.200 m/s. The collision is perfectly inelastic. The final velocity of the combined gliders is _____ m/s.

A. 0.563B. 0.184C. 0.0484D. -0.392E. none of these

7. A 20,000 kg car moving with a speed of 4.00 m/s collides with a 50,000 kg car moving with a speed of 1.80 m/s in the same direction. Find the speed of the combined cars after the collision which is perfectly inelastic.

A. 1.60 m/s

B. 2.43 m/sC. 2.00 m/sD. 1.57 m/sE. none of these

8. A 40 kg boy dives horizontally off a 600 kg raft. If the boy’s speed at the moment he is leaving the raft is 4 m/s, what is the raft’s speed?

A. 0.2 m/sB. 0.56 m/sC. 0.6 m/sD. 4 m/sE. none of these

9. A cannonball explodes into several fragments in mid-air. The total momentum of the fragments after this explosion:

A. is the same as the momentum of the cannonball immediately before the explosion

B. has been changed into the kinetic energy of the fragments C. is less than the momentum of the cannonball immediately before the explosion D. is more than the momentum of the cannonball immediately before the explosion E. has been changed into radiant energy

10. In an inelastic collision:

A. momentum is conserved, but not kinetic energy. B. kinetic energy is conserved, but not momentum. C. both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. D. neither momentum nor kinetic energy are conserved.

11. A 20,000 kg car moving with a speed of 4.00 m/s collides with a 50,000 kg truck moving with a speed of 1.80 m/s in the same direction. The change in kinetic energy of the truck is _____ J.

A. 160000B. -34000C. -101000D. -207000E. none of these

12. The linear momentum of a bullet-gun system is zero before the gun fires. Afterwards:

A. the kinetic energy is zeroB. the momentum is zeroC. both A and BD. neither A or B

13. Blocks A and B are moving toward each other along the x axis. A has a mass of 2.0 kg and a velocity of 50 m/s, while B has a mass of 4.0 kg and a velocity of -25 m/s. They collide head-on and stick together. After the collision the velocities of A and B, respectively, are:

A. -50 and 25 m/sB. 50 and -25 m/sC. -25 and 50 m/sD. 25 and -50 m/s

E. -25 and -50 m/s

14. A 15,000 kg railroad freight car is coasting at a speed of 2 m/s. It collides and couples with another car with a mass of 50,000 kg, which was initially not moving. What percentage of the initial kinetic energy of the system is preserved after collision?

A. 14%B. 23%C. 86%D. 100%E. none of these

15. A ballistic pendulum is a device used to measure the speed of a bullet. A bullet is fired at a block of wood hanging from two strings. The bullet embeds itself in the block and causes the combined block plus bullet system to swing up.

If the bullet is fired at 530 m/s and its mass is 65 g, what is the speed of the block with embedded bullet after collision? The mass of the block is 2.2 kg.

A. 12 m/sB. 14 m/sC. 16 m/sD. 53 m/sE. none of these

16. How high will the pendulum & bullet rise in the above problem? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

A. 14 cmB. 74 cmC. 12.5 cmD. 16.4 cmE. none of these

Chapter 5, Lesson 14Uniform Circular Motion

1. A car is traveling at a constant speed of 22 m/s around a curve with a radius of 85 m. What is the car's acceleration?

h

2.2 kg65g

A. zeroB. 22 m/s2

C. 9.8 m/s2

D. 5.7 m/s2

2. A turntable reaches an angular speed of 45 rev./min. in 4.1 s after being turned on. What is its angular acceleration?

A. 0.18 rad/s2

B. 11 rad/s2

C. 1.15 rad/s2

D. rad/s2

3. The earth rotates once in 24 hours about its axis. What is the rotational speed of the earth?

A. π/24 rad/hourB. π/12 rad/hourC. π/6 rad/hourD. π/4 rad/hour

4. What is the maximum speed that a 2200 kg car can go around a level circular track with a radius of 30.0 m without slipping if the coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road is 0.900?

A. 10.2 m/sB. 16.3 m/sC. 27.0 m/sD. 66.0 m/s

5. A 0.30 kg rock is rotating in a vertical plane on a 0.25 m long string. At the top of the path, the velocity is 4.0 m/s. Find the tension in the string at that point.

A. 16.3 NB. 15.4 NC. 18 ND. 83 N

6. At what angle relative to the horizontal should a 52 m curve be banked if the road is covered with ice (no friction) to prevent the car from slipping when traveling at 12 m/s? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

A. 28o

B. 32o

C. 16o

D. 10o

7. A 2000 kg roller coaster is at the top of a loop with a radius of 24 m. If its speed is 18 m/s at this point, what force does it exert on the track? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

A. 4.66*104 NB. 7.40*103 NC. 3.00*104 ND. 1.00*104 N

8. A 2.0-kg stone swings in a vertical circle on the end of a 1.0-m string. Find the tension of the

string at the bottom point if the speed of the stone at this point is 4.0 m/s.

A. 0B. 12C. 20D. 32E. 52

9. If the magnitude of the velocity of an object moving in a circular path doubles, the centripetal acceleration is multiplied by:

A. ¼B. ½C. 2D. 4

10. A 0.2-kg stone attached to a string is swung in a circle with a radius 0.6 m on a horizontal frictionless surface. What is the tension in the string if the stone makes 150 revolutions per minute?

A. 0.03 NB. 0.2 NC. 0.9 ND. 1.96 NE. 30 N

11. A roller coaster loop has a radius of 12 m. What is the minimum speed the coaster must have at the top?

A. 6 m/sB. 11 m/sC. 13 m/sD. 15 m/s

12. A 3400 kg plane flying at a constant speed of 170 m/s is to do the loop. What is the radius of the loop if the pilot feels three times his normal weight?

A. 670 mB. 705 mC. 737 mD. 789 m

13. A car rounds a 75-m radius curve at a constant speed of 18 m/s. A ball is suspended by a string from the ceiling of the car. What is the angle between the string and the vertical?

A. 0B. 1.4°C. 24°D. 90°E. not enough information

14. At what angle should the roadway on a curve with a 50m radius be banked to allow cars to negotiate the curve at 12 m/s even if the roadway is frictionless?

A. 0B. 16°

C. 18°D. 35°E. 73°

15. An object moves in a circle. If the mass is tripled, the speed halved, and the radius unchanged then the centripetal force must change by a factor of:

A. 3/2B. 3/4C. 9/4D. 6 E. 12

Chapter 5, Lesson 15Torque and Rotational Statics

1. What is the torque produced by a force of 4.0 N applied to a door at an angle of 60.0o and at a distance of 0.30 m from the hinge?

A. N*mB. 0.75 N*mC. 0.87 N*mD. 0.22 N*m

2. The torque required to loosen a nut on a wheel is 40.0 N*m. If the force exerted on the wrench is 133 N, how far from the nut must the force be applied?

A. 60.0 cmB. 15.0 cmC. 30.0 cmD. 1.20 m

3. A 40 N uniform seesaw supports two children weighing 500 N and 350 N, respectively. The 500 N child is located 1.5 m from the center. What is the position of the 350 N child?

A. 1.1 mB. 1.5 mC. 2.1 mD. 2.7 m

4. In order for an object to be in rotational equilibrium, the angular acceleration must be ________ and the net ________ must be zero.

A. zero ... forceB. zero ... torqueC. a maximum ... forceD. a maximum ... torque

5. When a boy on a frictionless rotating turntable extends his arms out horizontally, his angular momentum:

A. increasesB. decreases

C. remains the sameD. may increase or decrease depending on his initial angular velocity

6. A merry-go-round has a radius of 3.0 m and a rotational inertia of 600 kg*m2. The merry-go-round is initially at rest. A 20-kg child is running at 5.0 m/s along a line tangent to the rim. Find the angular velocity of the merry-go-round after the child jumps on.

A. 0.38 rad/sB. 0.45 rad/sC. 0.71 rad/sD. 0.56 rad/sE. 1.2 rad/s

7. For an object to be in equilibrium ___________

A. the resultant force on it must be zeroB. the resultant torque on it must be zeroC. neither the resultant force nor the resultant torque needs to be zeroD. both the resultant force and the resultant torque need to be zero

8. A net torque applied to a rigid body always produces a:

A. rotational equilibriumB. constant angular velocityC. constant angular momentumD. change in angular velocity

9. An 800 N worker stands on a 4 m scaffold supported by vertical ropes at each end. If the scaffold weighs 500 N and the worker stands 1 m from one end, what is the tension in the rope at this end?

A. 450 NB. 500 NC. 800 ND. 850 N

10. A turntable has a moment of inertia of 2.5 X 10-2 kg-m2 and spins freely at 33.3 rev/min. A 0.25 kg ball of putty is dropped vertically on the turntable at a point 0.20 m from the center. What is the new angular speed of the system?

A. 40.8 rev/minB. 23.8 rev/minC. 33.3 rev/minD. 27.2 rev/min

Chapter 6, Lesson 18Simple Harmonic Motion, Mass on a Spring,

Pendulum and Other Oscillations

1. A mass on a spring undergoing simple harmonic motion completes 8 oscillations in 4.0 s. What is the period of the motion?

A. 0.031 s

B. 0.50 sC. 2.0 sD. 32 s

2. A 1 kg object is attached to a spring with a spring constant of k = 32 N/m. It is pulled 0.25 m from its equilibrium position and released. Find the maximum kinetic energy of the object.

A. 0.25 JB. 0.50 JC. 0.75 JD. 1.0 J

3. A 0.2 kg object is suspended from a spring with a spring constant of k=10 N/m and is undergoing simple harmonic motion. What is its acceleration of the object at the instant when it is -0.05 m away from equilibrium?

A. 1000 m/s2

B. 40 m/s2

C. 0.1 m/s2

D. 2.5 m/s2

4. When an object in simple harmonic motion is at its maximum displacement, its____________ is also at a maximum.

A. velocityB. accelerationC. kinetic energyD. frequency

5. What kind of force is necessary for a simple harmonic motion?

A. Constant forceB. Varying forceC. Linear restoring forceD. Elastic force

6. When a mass undergoing simple harmonic motion is at its maximum displacement from equilibrium, its instantaneous velocity:

A. is maximum.B. is less than maximum, but not zero.C. is zero.D. cannot be determined from the information given.

7. The position of an object in simple harmonic motion is described by the following equation: y = 0.50 cos (/2 t). What is the amplitude of vibration?

A. 0.25 mB. 0.50 mC. 0.75 mD. 1.0 m

8. A pendulum has a period of 2.0 s. What is its length?

A. 2.0 mB. 1.0 m

C. 0.70 mD. 0.50 m

9. If both the length and mass of a simple pendulum are increased, the frequency_______.

A. increasesB. decreasesC. remains constantD. not enough information

10. What is the total distance a particle undergoing simple harmonic motion with amplitude 0.25 travels in one-half of the period?

A. 0.25 mB. 0.5 mC. 0.75 mD. 1 m

11. A 1.00-kg mass at the end of a spring vibrates 2.00 times per second with an amplitude of 0.10 m. What is its velocity when it passes the equilibrium?

A. 0 m/sB. 0.31 m/sC. 0.63 m/sD. 1.26 m/s

Chapter 6, Lesson 20Newton’s Law of Gravity and Orbits of Planets & Satellites

1. Two bodies, masses m1 and m2, are at distance r from each other and attract each other with force F. Find the gravitational force if the distance is doubled.

A. 2FB. F/2C. F/4D. 4F

2. The weight of a 0.5 kg object on the surface of Planet X is 20 N. If the radius of the planet is 4 X 106 m, what is its mass?

A. 3.4 X 1019 kgB. 2.6 X 1022 kgC. 9.6 X 1024 kgD. 2.3 X 1025 kg

3. How far from the center of the Earth is the point where the net force of the gravitational attraction of the Earth and the moon is zero? The mass of the moon is 1/81 that of the Earth.

A. 8/9 the way to the moonB. 9/10 the way to the moonC. 3/4 the way to the moon

D. 80/81 the way to the moon

4. The radius of Planet Z is 3 times the radius of the Earth. It has the same density as the Earth. What is the gravitational acceleration at the surface of the planet?

A. 29.4 m/s2

B. 88.2 m/s2

C. 265 m/s2

D. 3.27 m/s2

5. Use Kepler's Law to find the time (in Earth’s years) for Mars to orbit the sun if the radius of Mars’ orbit is 1.5 times the radius of Earth's orbit.

A. 1.8B. 2.8C. 3.4D. 4.2

6. The mass of Mars is about 1/10 the mass of Earth. Its diameter is about 1/2 the diameter of Earth. What is the gravitational acceleration at the surface of Mars?

A. 9.8 m/s2

B. 2.0 m/s2

C. 3.9 m/s2

D. 4.9 m/s2

E. none of these

7. The mass of Planet W is 1/100 that of Earth and its radius is 1/4 that of Earth. If the weight of an object is 600 N on Earth, what would it weigh on Planet W?

A. 24 NB. 48 NC. 96 ND. 192 NE. 600 N

8. The weight of an object at the surface of Earth is 90 N. What is its weight at a distance 2R from the surface of Earth?

A. 10 NB. 30 NC. 90 ND. 270 NE. 810 N

9. The periods of a satellite orbiting a planet does not depend on the:

A. radius of the orbitB. mass of the planetC. mass of the satelliteD. it depends on all of the above

10. A 9.0 × 10 3 kg satellite orbits the earth at the distance of 2.56 × 10 7 m from Earth’s surface. What is its period?

A. 1.1× 10 4 s

B. 4.1 × 10 4 sC. 5.7 × 10 4 sD. 1.5 × 10 5 s

11. A missile is launched upward with a speed that is half the escape speed. What height (in radii of Earth) will it reach?

A. R/4B. R/3C. R/2D. RE. 2R

12. The weight of a 0.6 kg object at the surface of Planet V is 20 N. The radius of the planet is 4 X 106 m. Find the gravitational acceleration at a distance of 2.0 X 106 m from the surface of this planet.

A. 9 m/s2

B. 11 m/s2

C. 13 m/s2

D. 18 m/s2

Chapter 7, Lesson 22Hydrostatic Pressure and Buoyancy

1. The pressure at the bottom of a swimming pool depends on all of the following except:

A. the depth of the waterB. the density of the waterC. the gravityD. the volume of water in the pool

2. The pressure in a fluid at any point is:

A. greater upwardB. greater downwardC. greater laterallyD. the same in all directions

3. Find the apparent weight of an object fully submerged in water if its volume is 2.00 m and its density is 4000 kg/m.

A. 1960 NB. 78,400 NC. 98,000 ND. 58,800 N

4. An empty scuba tank and a full scuba tank are at rest at the same depth. Which tank has greater buoyant force acting on it?

A. empty tankB. full tankC. the same on both

D. cannot be determined

5. The buoyant force on an object submerged in fluid does not depend on_________.

A. the density of the objectB. the density of the fluidC. the volume of the objectD. gravity

6. A person weighing 900 N is standing on snowshoes. Each snowshoe has an area of 2500

cm2. Find the pressure on the snow.

A. 0.18 Pa

B. 0.36 PaC. 1800 PaD. 3600 Pa

7. A 13,000-N vehicle is lifted by a 25-cm piston of a hydraulic jack. What force is applied to a 5.0-cm diameter piston?

A. 260 NB. 520 NC. 2600 ND. 5200 N

8. Find the pressure 17.4 m below the surface of a lake.

A. 1.71*105 PaB. 2.72*105 PaC. 1.18*105 PaD. 2.65*105 Pa

9. An object weighs 45 N in air and 25 N when submerged in water. What is the buoyant force of the water?

A. 20 NB. 25 NC. 45 ND. 70 N

10. When an object floats in water, three-fourths of its volume is beneath the surface. What is the density of the object?

A. 1333 kg/m3

B. 1000 kg/m3

C. 750 kg/m3

D. 250 kg/m3

11. If a piece of steel and a piece of aluminum of the same volume are dropped into water, what can be said about the buoyant force acting on each of them?

A. More on the ironB. More on the aluminumC. The same on both

D. Not enough information

Chapter 7, Lesson 24Fluid Flow Continuity and Bernoulli’s Equation

1. Blood flowing through an artery reaches a place where the artery is narrowed. The speed of the blood in the narrow section __________.

A. increasesB. decreasesC. remains the sameD. is unpredictable

2. The radius of a pipe carrying water increases by a factor of two. As a result, the speed of the water in the pipe ___________________.

A. increases by a factor of twoB. decreases by a factor of twoC. increases by a factor of fourD. decreases by a factor of four

3. Water flows through a horizontal tapered pipe. At the wide end its speed is 4.0 m/s and at the narrow end it is 5.0 m/s. The pressure in the wide pipe is 2.5x105 Pa. What is the pressure in the narrow pipe?

A. 2.5x102 PaB. 3.4x103 Pa C. 4.5x103 PaD. 2.3x105 PaE. 8x105 Pa

4. What is the unit for ρgh in Bernoulli’s equation?

A. kg/m3

B. N/m2

C. N/mD. N.m

5. The speed of the air across the top of an airplane wing is 241 m/s when the speed of the air below the wing is 226 m/s. What is the lifting force if the area of the wing is 24.0 m2?

A. 1.92*105 NB. 4.52*103 NC. 8.4*104 ND. 1.08*105 N

6. A diameter of a stream of water from a faucet decreases as the distance from the faucet’s spout increases. This is a result of __________________.

A. Archimedes’ PrincipleB. Pascal’s PrincipleC. Bernoulli’s Principle

7. Bernoulli’s Equation is based upon _____________________.

A. conservation of energyB. conservation of momentumC. the second law of motionD. the third law of motion

8. The equation of continuity is based on the conservation of ______________.

A. momentumB. energyC. massD. angular momentumE. none of the above

9. Water at a pressure of 3.5 x 105 Pa is flowing at 5.0 m/s in a pipe which narrows to 1/3 its former area. What is the pressure and velocity of the water in the narrow section?

A. 2.5 x 105 Pa, 15 m/sB. 3.0 x 105 Pa, 10 m/sC. 3.0 x 105 Pa, 15 m/sD. 4.5 x 105 Pa, 1.5 m/sE. 5.5 x 105 Pa, 1.5 m/s

10. Where is the air pressure the greatest around the airplane wings?

A. In diagonal currentsB. AboveC. BelowD. Opposite the flaps

Chapter 8, Lesson 26Mechanical Equivalent of Heat and Specific and Latent Heat

1. The freezing point of water is 0oC. Its melting point is what?

A. slightly less than 0oCB. 0oCC. slightly more than 0oCD. 32oC

2. When a vapor condenses into a liquid, _____________________________.

A. it absorbs heatB. it evolves heatC. its temperature risesD. its temperature drops

3. The heat of vaporization of a substance ____________________________.

A. is less than its heat of fusionB. is equal to its heat of fusion

C. is greater than its heat of fusionD. depends on the nature of the substance

4. The heat given off by 600 grams of an alloy as it cools through 800C raises the temperature of 400 grams of water from 150C to 550C. What is the specific heat of the alloy?

A. 1280 J/kg0CB. 1395 J/kg0CC. 1480 J/kg0CD. 1520 J/kg0CE. 1670 J/kg0C

5. The specific heat of lead is 128 J/kg0C. Suppose that 300 grams of lead shot at 1000C is mixed with 200 grams of water at 00C in an insulated container. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

A. 2.10CB. 3.20CC. 4.40CD. 5.90CE. 12.00C

6. What is the specific heat of a 20-g object if its temperature increases by 5oC when 20 calories of heat are transferred to it?

A. 0.20 cal/gm-oCB. 0.40 cal/gm-oCC. 0.60 cal/gm-oCD. 0.85 cal/gm-oC

7. A block of ice at 0oC is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at 10oC. If all but 2 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

A. 31.1B. 38.8C. 42.0D. 47.6

8. The temperature of an object is a measure of the ___________________________________.

A. rate at which the object can absorb heatB. rate at which the object will expandC. thermal conductivity of the objectD. thermal stress being applied to the objectE. average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in the substance of which the object is

formed

9. Find the mass of water at 100C that must be added to 300 kg of water at 500C to lower its temperature to 400C.

A. 50 kgB. 100kgC. 200 kgD. 300 kgE. 900 kg

10. A 0.2-kg metal object requires 502 Joules of heat to raise its temperature from 20 to 40 degrees Celsius. The specific heat capacity of the metal is what?

A. 63.0 J/(kg-deg C)B. 126 J/(kg-deg C)C. 251 J/(kg-deg C)D. 502 J/(kg-deg C)

Chapter 8, Lesson 27Heat Transfer and Thermal Expansion

1. A steel tape measure has been calibrated at 250C. If the tape measure is used to measure a length of plastic pipe when the outside temperature is 150 C, the measurement will be:

A. highB. lowC. accurateD. length measure is needed to answer

2. The coefficient of thermal expansion for iron is 12*10-6/Co. What is the change in length of a 2-meter iron rod when its temperature changes by 100oC?

A. 0.0024 cmB. 0.24 mC. 0.0024 mD. 0.024 m

3. One end of an iron rod is placed in a fire where the temperature 502°C, and the other end is kept at a temperature of 26°C. The rod is 1.2 m long and has a radius of 5.0 × 10-3 m. Thermal conductivity of iron is 79 J/(s.m.C0). Find the cross-sectional area of the rod.

A. 7.85 m2

B. 7.85 ×10-5 m2

C. 6.0 ×10-3 m2

D. 2.5 ×10-5 m2

4. Refer to the problem above. Ignoring the heat loss along the length of the rod, find the amount of heat conducted from one end of the rod to the other in 5.0 s.

A. 12 JB. 10 JC. 8 JD. 6 J

5. Radiant energy is proportional to:

A. TB. T2

C. T3

D. T4

6. ___________________________ cannot take place through vacuum.

A. Conduction and convectionB. Convection and radiationC. Conduction and radiationD. Conduction, convection, and radiation

7. What is the outside temperature if 2.5*10 6 J of heat is lost through 4.0 m2 of 3-cm thick glass (k = 0.8 J/smK) in one hour from a house kept at 20oC?

A. 5.50

B. 7.50

C. 9.50

D. 11.50

E. 13.50

8. An aluminum wire with a thermal conductivity of 205 J/(msK) has a cross-sectional area of 2.88*10-6 m2. After 1 hour, the heat transferred down its length is 42.1 J. If the difference in temperature of the ends of the wire is 405 K, what is the length of the wire?

A. 176 mB. 2.66 mC. 20.4 mD. 5.68*10-3 m

9. A steel beam has a length of 25 m on a cold day when the temperature is 0 oC. What is the length of the beam on a hot day when T = 40oC? ( = 1.1*10-5/oC)

A. 25.00044 mB. 25.0044 mC. 25.011 mD. 25.044 m

10. A glass pane 0.004 m thick has an area of 2 m2. On a winter day the temperature difference between the inside and the outside surfaces of the pane is 20oC. What is the rate of heat flow through this window? (Thermal conductivity for glass is 0.8 J/s-m-oC.)

A. 32,000 J/sB. 8,000 J/sC. 4,000 J/sD. 1,000 J/s

Chapter 9, Lesson 28Ideal Gases

1. A fixed mass of oxygen (O2, mol . mass = 32 g/mol) is contained in a cylinder whose volume is 0.0028 m3. The pressure is 148 atm when the temperature is 230C. Find the mass of oxygen in the cylinder.

A. 20 gB. 80 gC. 140 gD. 280 gE. 552 g

2. A tire is filled with air at 150C to a gauge pressure of 2.2*105 Pa. If the tire reaches a temperature of 380C, what will the new gauge pressure be inside it?

A. 2.5*102 PaB. 3.4*103 PaC. 2.5*105 PaD. 6.0*107 PaE. 8.0*109 Pa

3. A fixed mass of an ideal gas having a volume of 2500 cm3 at 200C and absolute pressure of 65 atm expands until its volume is 4000 cm3 and its absolute pressure is 45 atm. Find its new temperature.

A. 200CB. 42.30CC. 51.50CD. 61.80CE. 800C

4. A fixed mass of an ideal gas is in a container with a constant volume. By what factor will the pressure change if the absolute temperature is tripled?

A. 1/9B. 0.33C. 3.0D. 9.0

5. When using the ideal gas law, PV/NT = k, _____________________________.

A. P can be gauge pressureB. N can be in kilogramsC. T can be in degrees CelsiusD. none of the above

6. For ideal gases, the ratio PV/T is ________________________________.

A. equal to Avogadro's numberB. equal to Boltzmann constantC. independent of the number of moleculesD. independent of the chemical nature of the molecules

7. The volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure is proportional to its ____________.

A. Fahrenheit temperatureB. Celsius temperatureC. Absolute temperatureD. Molar mass

8. If the pressure of gas is doubled and the temperature is constant, then the volume is what factor times the original?

A. 2B. ½C. 1/4D. 4

9. What is the volume of one mole of ideal gas at 300 K and at standard atmospheric pressure?

A. 23.2 lB. 24.1 lC. 24.6 lD. 25.7 l

10. An ideal gas in a container has a pressure of 2.5 atm and a volume of 1.0 m3 at a temperature of 300C. How many moles of gas are in the container?

A. 20 molesB. 45 molesC. 62 molesD. 83 molesE. 104 moles

Chapter 9, Lesson 29Laws of Thermodynamics

1. A 4-kg mass of gas expands adiabatically and does 20 J of work. What is the change in the gas’s internal energy?

A. -20 JB. -5 JC. zeroD. +20 J

2. What is the change in entropy when 108 grams of silver melt completely at 961oC? (The heat of fusion of silver is 8.82*104 J/kg.)

A. 5.53 J/KB. 7.72 J/KC. 9.91 J/KD. 12.10 J/K

3. A block of ice of mass 1 kg at 273 K melts, taking in 80,000 cal of heat from air. Which of the following best describes what happens to the ice-air system?

A. Entropy increasedB. Entropy decreasedC. Entropy has not changedD. Work is converted to energy

4. A steam turbine operates at a boiler temperature of 450 K and an exhaust temperature of 300 K. What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of this system?

A. 24%B. 50%C. 33%D. 67%

5. How much work is required, using an ideal Carnot refrigerator, to remove 1 J of heat energy from helium at 4 K and eject this heat to a room temperature (293 K) environment?

A. 13.9 JB. 26.7 JC. 52.6 JD. 72.3 J

6. Suppose that 1 kg of water, initially at 350 K, is turned into steam at 373 K. What is the change in entropy? (Lv = 2.26 x 106 J/kg; Cwater = 4186 J/kg-oC)

A. 6059 J/KB. 6317 J/KC. 5801 J/KD. 6070 J/K

7. In an adiabatic process, what happens?

A. No work is done by, or on, the system.B. The internal energy of the system does not change.C. No heat is lost or gained.D. None of the above.

8. According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which of the following applies to the heat received from a high temperature reservoir by a heat engine operating in a complete cycle?

A. The heat must be completely converted to work.B. It equals the entropy increase.C. It is converted completely into thermal energy.D. It cannot be completely converted into work.

9. A Carnot engine is operated as a refrigerator, taking in 18 J of heat every second and expelling 20 J into a 23oC room. What is the temperature inside the refrigerator?

A. 3.oCB. 15.oCC. -15.oCD. -3.oC

10. What is the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine that operates between 600 K and 300 K?

A. 100%B. 50%C. 25%D. None of the above

11. If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the cold reservoir must be what?

A. At absolute zeroB. At 0oCC. At 100oCD. Infinitely hot

12. Three moles of an ideal gas expand at a constant pressure of 4*105 Pa from 0.02 to 0.05 m3. What is the work done by the gas?

A. 1.2*104 JB. 2.1*104 J

C. 3.5*104 JD. 4.2*104 J

Self-Check Quiz Answer KeysChapter 1, Lesson 1

1. D2. C3. C4. B5. C6. E7. A8. C9. C10. A11. A12. D13. E14. D

Chapter 1, Lesson 2

1. C2. C3. B4. D5. C6. A7. B8. B9. C10. B11. B12. A

Chapter 2, Lesson 5

1. B2. A3. D4. A5. A6. C7. C8. B9. D10. B11. B12. D13. B14. B

Chapter 2, Lesson 6

1. D2. E3. C4. B5. D6. C7. A8. D9. B10. B11. C12. A13. B14. B15. B16. B

Chapter 3, Lesson 7

1. B2. C3. B4. C5. E6. B7. B8. B9. C10. D11. A12. C13. A14. A

Chapter 3, Lesson 8

1. D2. D3. A4. B5. B6. C7. C8. A9. D10. A11. A12. E

Chapter 3, Lesson 10

1. A2. D3. A4. C5. A6. C7. A8. A9. D10. B11. A12. E13. D


1. C2. C3. B4. A5. A6. B7. C8. B9. C10. D11. A12. D13. C14. B15. A16. C17. A


1. B2. C3. E4. B5. C6. C7. B8. E9. A10. A11. C12. B13. A14. B15. A16. A


1. D2. C3. B4. B5. A6. C7. B8. E9. D10. E11. B12. C13. C14. B15. B


1. A2. C3. C4. B5. C6. A7. D8. D9. D10. B


1. B2. D3. D4. B5. C6. C7. B8. B9. B10. B11. D


1. C2. C3. B4. A5. A6. C7. C8. A9. C10. C11. B12. D


1. D2. D3. D4. C5. A6. A7. B8. B9. A10. C11. C


1. A2. D3. D4. B5. D6. C7. A8. C9. A10. C


1. B2. B3. D4. B5. C6. A7. A8. E9. B10. B


1. B2. C3. C4. A5. D6. A7. E8. C9. C10. B


1. E2. C3. C4. C5. D6. D7. C8. B9. C10. E


1. A2. B3. A4. C5. D6. B7. C8. D9. D10. B11. A12. A

intro physics instructors guide semester1 appendixa

Documents

horizontal force

force constant

n normal force

n frictional force

upward force

average force

force of gravity

jwnormal force