What is matter?What is matter?

• MatterMatter–Has mass and volumeHas mass and volume–Made up of atomsMade up of atoms–Examples:Examples:

• Not Matter– No mass, no volume– Examples: Light, Sound, Electricity

• Atoms– General name for the smallest particle that

still has properties of an element– Composed of

• Protons• Neutrons• Electrons

Phases of Matter

Solids Liquids Gases

Changes in State (Physical Change)

• Elements– Elements consists of only one type of atoms– Atom with specific # of protons– Has a Name

• 6 protons Carbon • 8 protons Oxygen

• Each element has its own propertiesEach element has its own properties

– Carbon Carbon melting point 3550 melting point 3550°C°C

– Oxygen Oxygen melting point -218°C melting point -218°C

– Hydrogen Hydrogen melting point -259°C melting point -259°C

Oxygen freezing point -218°C

Hydrogen freezing point -259°C

• Capital letter – Symbol that denotes an element always

capitalized

O H C P F N

Na Cl Mg Be Li Si

NaCl HNO SiO

Met

als

Non-M

etalAll element are listed here …

Metalloids

Metals are:Metals are:• MalleableMalleable

– Mean that it can hammered into Mean that it can hammered into shapes.shapes.

• DuctileDuctile– Can be drawn into wiresCan be drawn into wires

• LustreLustre– Shiny when rubbed with sandpaper.Shiny when rubbed with sandpaper.

• Solids at room temperature.Solids at room temperature.

Non-metals

• There are 17 elements who make up non-metals.

• Except for Hydrogen, they all appear on the right hand side of the Periodic Table.

• They can be solid, liquids or gases.

• When solid, they are usually brittle (it means that it crumbles).

Metalloids

• Metalloids have both metal and non metal qualities.

• There are 8 element.

• They are often used in semiconductors and therefore extensively used in electronics and computers.

• Compounds are

– Two or more different elements chemically combined

– They are a lot more common and there are millions of them.

• Subscript– Number of atoms of the element– Always after the symbol

O2 H2

H2O HNO3 CO2

C6H12O6

Do you want to make some compounds?

8E Making marvellous molecules!

Compounds are a result of a chemical change or reaction.

A chemical change happened when:

1. A gas gets formed.

2. Energy is given off.

3. Apparent change of mass.

4. Permanent colour change.

5. Formation of a precipitate.

Reaction Rates are increased by:

• An increase in temperature.

• Smaller particle size.

• The more concentrated the reactant.

• Using a catalyst.– A catalyst is a chemical that are not

consumed in the reaction but caused the reaction rate to increase.

pure substances

ormixtures

• Pure substancesPure substances– Fixed compositionFixed composition– Definite propertiesDefinite properties– Cannot by separated by physical actionsCannot by separated by physical actions– ElementsElements– CompoundsCompounds

• Pure substance examples

O H C

H2O HNO3 CO2

C6H12O6

• Mixtures

–Blend of 2 or more pure substances

–All properties remain in mixture

Solvents

• It a liquid in which you dissolve something

• Water is the most common solvent

Solutions

• Is a liquid with which has a Is a liquid with which has a substance substance completely completely dissolved dissolved in it.in it.

• Is a liquid with which has a Is a liquid with which has a substance substance completely completely dissolved dissolved in it.in it.

Suspensions

• It is a mixture with large enough particles that are visible in the liquid.

• These visible particles are called sediments.

Its time to concentrate

• Diluted

• Concentrated

• Saturated

Colloids

• Colloids are liquids with more than one substance spread evenly through it.

• They differ from suspensionssuspensions in that they contain smallersmaller particles.

• They differ from solutionssolutions in that they contain largerlarger particles.

Emulsions

• Emulsions are a type of Colloids

• It occurs when tiny droplets of one liquid is spread evenly throughout the liquid.

Separating mixturesSeparating mixturesDecanting

MagneticEvaporation

Sieving

FiltrationRe-crystallisation

Separating complex mixtures

We use distillation

when one liquid is

dissolved in another.

Acids & Bases

AcidsAcids

1. Taste sour1. Taste sour

4. Turns Blue litmus paper

to RED

bases1. tastes bitter

3. Turns Red litmus paper

to BLUE

pH Scale