intro to programming training manual · 2019. 10. 26. · intro to programming, flowcharts &...

Intro to Programming, Flowcharts & Logo

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Introduction to Programming Flowcharts &

Logo Training Session

Part of Basic Robotics Technology Course

K. Jackie Onyia ETEC 578

Texas A&M Commerce Spring 2008


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Table of Content Document Name Page

Table Content…………………………………………………………………………………………. 2

Programming/Flowcharts/Logo Training Introduction 5

Training Guide Purpose........................................................................... 5

During Training Session......................................................................... 5

Upon Completion………........................................................................... 5

Target Range........................................................................................ 5

Adult Learners……………………………………………………………………………………. 5

Materials 6

Technology Tools.................................................................................. 6

Instructor Project Tools………………………………………………………………………. 6

Optional Materials………………………………………………………………………………. 6

Instructional Strategy Worksheet 7

Objectives............................................................................................ 7

Goals………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7

Delivery System…………………………………………………………………………………. 7

Sequence and Clustering……………………………………………………………………… 7

Five Learning Components………………………………………………………………….. 9

Pre Instructional Activities……………………………………………………………… 9

Motivation………………………………………………………………………….. 9

Describing Objectives………………………………………………………….. 9

Describing or Assessing Entry Behaviors………………………………… 9

Content Presentation…………………………………………………………………….. 10

Instructional Sequence………………………………………………………… 10

Content………………………………………………………………………………. 10

Examples/Non-Examples………………………………………….............. 10

Learner Participation……………………………………………………………………… 10

Practice and Activities………………………………………………………….. 10

Student Grouping……………………………………………………………….. 10


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Document Name Page

Feedback From The Trainer…………………………………………………. 10

Assessment………………………………………………………………………………….. 10

Entry Level Behavior Test……………………………………………………. 10

Pre-test………………………………………………………………………………. 10

Projects……………………………………………………………………………… 11

Post-test……………………………………………………………………………. 11

Feedback For Revision…………………………………………………………. 11

Follow-Through Activities………………………………………………………………. 11

Memory Aids for Retention…………………………………………………… 11

Transfer of Knowledge…………………………………………………………. 11

Taking The Pre-test 12

Programming/Flowchart/Logo Pre-test Key…………………………………….. 13

Programming/Flowchart/Logo Lesson Plan 17

Year 2 Brief Overview Orange/Blue Belt Brief Discussion…………………… 15

Programming/Flowcharts……………………………………………………………….. 16

Creating a Flow Chart……………………………………………………………………. 18

Using Microsoft Word…………………………………………………………………….. 21

Directional Programming……………………………………………………………….. 21

Introduction to Logo……………………………………………………………………… 22

Programming/Flowcharts/Logo Post-test Key……………………………………………. 24

Student Guides

Flow Chart Symbols Chart………………………………………………………………………. 27

Creating a Flowchart Chart……………………………………………………………………… 28

Creating a Flowchart Student Guide…………………………………………………………. 29

Logo Screen Chart………………………………………………………………………………….. 33

Logo Code Reference Chart…………………………………………………………………….. 34

Procedure Reference Chart 37

Angle Reference Chart……………………………………………………………………………. 40


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Document Name Page

Logo Project 1: Rainbow Square Student Guide…………………………………………. 41

Logo Project 2: Mystery Pictures Student Guide…………………………………………. 46


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TRAINING GUIDE PURPOSE: This training guide is designed to provide the trainer with a step-by-step method to get the training session up and running with little or not preparation other than going through them manual and completing the required activities.

DURING THIS TRAINING SESSION Instructors will demonstrate their progress by successfully completing all required projects, activities, and post-test.

UPON COMPLETION of Introduction to Programming, Flowcharts and Logo session, MIRACLES 7th Grade Instructors will have a sound fundamental understanding of the following:

Creating a simple flow chart using flow chart symbols Explaining/defining directional programming Identifying the parts of a Logo screen Demonstrate the basic commands in Logo Complete Logo mystery pictures Create a rainbow square using logo

Instructors must take and pass the post-test with a score of at least 80%. If score is below 80%, follow-up training in the cities will be conducted during site visits.

Target Range: Adult

Adult Learners: Adult learners learn more when they are actively involved in the training process. As the trainer of this session, you must provide many opportunities for questions and answers as well as examples. It is imperative that you model what you want the instructors to do when they are teaching this content to the MIRACLES students. Even though motivation is covered in a later section of this training manual, remember that adults learn better when they are motivated by the topic, the trainer and tools used in this session. Relate the topic to the duties of the participants and the experiences they will have as MIRACLES Teachers. Adults, like children may hide how much they do not know about a subject, so do not assume the topic is understood because there are no questions. You may need to ask leading questions if none are offered. Remember not to criticize or judge and always keep a positive attitude. Adults learn better in an informal atmosphere of trust, empathy, and support.


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Materials There are some items that are needed in order to conduct this training session successfully:

TECHNOLOGY TOOLS Computer Microsoft PowerPoint Microsoft Logo Internet Browser (Internet Explorer, Netscape, Firefox, etc.) Access to copy machine or printer

INSTRUCTOR PROJECT TOOLS “What Is A Program PowerPoint” Introduction to Logo PowerPoint Student Guide including the following documents

o Flowchart Symbols Chart o Creating a Flowchart Chart o Logo Screen Chart o Logo Code Reference Sheet o Procedure Reference Sheet o Angle Reference Sheet o Logo Project 1: Creating a Rainbow Square o Logo Project 2: Mystery Pictures

http://www.skymark.com/pathmaker/captivateVideo/FlowchartTool.htm

OPTIONAL MATERIALS Incentives, (Gift Certificates, etc.) Certificates of Completion


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Instructional Strategy Worksheet

MIRACLES Programming/Flow Chart/Logo Training Upon completion of MIRACLES Fall Instructor training, August, 2008 the MIRACLES Instructors will demonstrate competencies in the following areas: o Create a simple flow chart using flow chart symbols o Explain/define directional programming o Identify the parts of a Logo screen o Demonstrate the basic commands in Logo o Complete Logo mystery pictures o Create a rainbow square using logo

Delivery System Instruction will be delivered in the traditional face-to-face model with an instructor and a group of learners in a training facility or a MIRACLES computer lab.

Goals

Step 1 Create a Simple

Flow Chart

Step 2 Explain

Directional Programming

Step 3 Identify the parts of a

Logo Screen

Step 4 Demonstrate

the basic commands

in Logo

Step 5 Complete Rainbow

Square Project in Logo

Step 4 Complete Mystery Pictures

Project in Logo


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Sequence and Clustering

Cluster Objectives Content Time 1

1.1, 1.1.1, 1.2 Discussion on what a program does, Identify what a program is, view the flow chart PowerPoint, Identify flow chart symbols (process, input/output, off-page connector, decision, directional lines, and flow connectors), and Create a simple flow chart.

45 minutes

2 2.1 Play the game Simon Says, Explain what directional programming is.

15 minutes

3 3.1, 3.2, 3.21, 3.2.1.1, 3.2.1.2, 3.2.1.3, 3.2.2,

3.2.2.1, 3.2.2.2, 3.2.2.3

Identify parts of a Logo Screen. View Logo PP, Identify Logo windows, Logo Main Screen (title bar, menu bar, turtle), Commander window (Command box, Input box, command buttons).

30 minutes

4 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5,

4.6, 4.7

Use the basic commands in Logo, “Enter”, FORWARD or FD, BACK or BK, LEFT or LT, RIGHT or RT, HOME, CLEARSCREEN or CS.

30 minutes

5 5.1, 5.3 Complete the Rainbow Square project in Logo, Identify the parts of a

15 minutes


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Logo screen, and demonstrate the basic commands in Logo.

6 6.1, 6.2 Complete Logo Mystery Pictures project in Logo, identify the parts of a Logo screen, and demonstrate the basic commands in Logo.

45 minutes

Five Learning Components Pre Instructional Activities Motivation: Motivating instructors when the topic is exciting is easy. However, making the training session relevant is probably the most important thing. The fact that these are topics that MIRACLES instructors are going to have to teach makes them immediately relevant and this is often the main motivator for wanting to learn the content. In this light additional questions will have to be answered by the trainer. How is this training session going to be relevant to the instructors other than the fact that they are going to have to teach the subject? What activities should be developed to gain the instructors attention and keep their attention throughout the training session? What tools will be used to determine the success of the training session? Finally what types of incentives will be used to reward the instructors for completing this session successfully? Including projects that the instructors will have success in completing will automatically increase their confidence. Additionally, requiring the instructors who do not have experience in PowerPoint to complete the tutorial will ensure success in the flow chart activities. Making sure the sub-goals are met before the training session is important as well as providing immediate feedback with affirmatives throughout the session is a necessity. Playing the game Simon Says as a pre-activity to the directional programming part of the session is a fun way of presenting the concept while gaining instructors attention. Describing Objectives: Objectives for the training session will be highlighted in an initial PowerPoint introducing the training session. Additionally they will have already been introduced to the important components while taking the session pre-test. Describing or Assessing Entry Behaviors: Instructors are required to have the background knowledge in PowerPoint as well as know the rules of the game “Simon Says”. An online pre-training survey will be conducted to assess the instructor’s skill level and to determine what modifications or adjustments to the training session are required (if any). After analyzing the results of the survey an additional session on


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PowerPoint may have to be added. Content Presentation Instructional Sequence: MIRACLES instructors will learn the definition of programming as well as how flowcharts tie in to the programming scheme. After learning what programming, they will use PowerPoint to create a flowchart. They will move on to directional programming by playing the game Simon Says to help them think logically about how directional programming works. Additionally they will learn to use the basic programming software “Logo”. After learning how to use the software to program instructors will complete two final projects (Rainbow Square and Mystery Pictures). Content: Trainer will demonstrate the process of creating a flow chart using autoshapes in PowerPoint. Additionally he/she will guide instructors/assistant through the process of using the Logo windows, menus and other functions. Student Guides will also be used with step-by-step instructions on how to complete the activities if they need additional assistance. Examples/Non-Examples: Examples of what a completed flow chart and projects should look like are included in all training guides. Examples are also included in curriculum binders. Learner Participation Practice and Activities: Trainers will provide time for practicing creating flow charts and Logo commands and functions. Monitoring the instructor’s progress through the practice session is important to the success of the training. Student Grouping: For this training session instructor grouping is not necessary. However, attempts will be made to pair inexperienced instructors with experience experienced. Peer assistance is an excellent way to help keep the training session on track and moving forward. Feedback From The Trainer: Continuous feedback from the trainer is necessary to make sure instructors are on track with the content and training is going as planned. Successful training is dependent on feedback. Assessment Entry Level Behavior Test: A PowerPoint skills online survey will be conducted before the training session to assess the instructor/assistant skill level. After results are analyzed, training will either move forward as scheduled or is revised to include a session on using PowerPoint. Pre-test: The pre-test (identical to the post-test) will be administered before training session to asses the instructors/assistants prior knowledge or skill level in flow charts, programming, and logo. The pre-test will provide the instructor/assistant with information about the training objectives and what they are expected to gain from the


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training. Projects: Projects are included throughout the training session to help gauge instructor/assistant success and progress as they move through the training session. Post-test: The post-test (identical to the pre-test) will be administered after the training session is complete and instructors/assistants have completed the final projects. Final projects are also uses to assess the instructor’s strengths and weaknesses. Feedback For Revision After Conducting a Formative Assessment of Instruction: Programming/Flow Chart/Logo post-test will be completed online so that immediate feedback is on hand. Follow-up training sessions are conducted for the instructors who did not pass the post-test with an 80% or higher. At the end of the session a training survey will be completed by the instructors/assistants to assess the success of the session as well and determine what revisions or changes should be made for future training. Follow-Through Activities Memory aids for retention: Instructors/assistants are provided with curriculum binders, scripted lesson plans, PowerPoints, and Student Guides that they will use to teach the MIRACLES classes. Additional time (paid) is given each week for instructor preparation. Instructors are required to use this time to prepare to teach the curriculum. Follow-up site visits are conducted to provide additional assistance if required. Transfer of Knowledge: This session is being provided as part of a two day training for future MIRACLE instructors. After completing the training session, instructors are required to continue reviewing the curriculum so they are prepared to teach the content when the session starts.


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TAKING THE PRE-TEST

Activity Summary

In this activity, instructors complete the Programming/Flowcharts/Logo pre-test (online) covering information they will be learning in this training session. It will provide you with guidance about the instructors’ strengths and weaknesses in this content. At the end of the training session, instructors will take the same assessment as a post-test. They will be able to see how much they have learned.

Preparation

In preparation for this lesson you will need to do the following:

Create a SMS account for all new instructors.

Provide instructors with login user names and passwords.

Make copies of the “Programming/Flowchart/logo Pre-Test” for each instructor just

in case the Internet is not working.

Provide pencils for the instructors if the test is being done on paper.

Taking the Pre-test

You are going to cover Programming, Flowcharts and Logo in this training session.

Before we start, let’s find out how much you already know.

We are going to take a quick assessment, like the one you will take at the end of this

session so that we can measure how much you have learned from the beginning to end of

this session.

Since this is information that you may not have learned already, just do your best to

answer the questions, even if you do not know the answer.

You’ll know all of the answers at the end of this session!

Demonstrate how to login into the SMS.

Go to My Test and Surveys and complete the pre-test.


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Programming/Flowchart/Logo Pre-test Key

Check the box next to the correct answer or answers. 1. This is an example of a programming language:

10 pts

(a) Microsoft Publisher (b) Spanish

(c) Advanced Microsystems (d) Java

2. This is a symbol used in flowcharts. What is the name of the symbol?

10 pts

(a) Terminal (b) Input/Output

(c) Process (d) Flow Connector


10 pts

(a) Begin/End (b) Give a description of the task

(c) Shows the direction of the flow

(d) Yes/No question

4. In programming, what is a syntax error?

10 pts

(a) An error in spelling (b) An error in the instructions in the program

(c) An error in the amount of information

(d) An error in the way the program was designed to work

5. In programming, what do the letters GUI mean?

10 pts

(a) Graphic Utility Interference

(b) Gigabyte Upload Indicator

(c) GIF Universal Image (d) Graphical User Interface


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STUDENT FINAL SCORE:

TEST POINTS = /100

6. What will this string of Logo commands draw on the screen? Use paper to draw it out if necessary. REPEAT 5 [FD 100 RT 72]

10 pts

(a) Triangle (b) Octagon

(c) Hexagon (d) Pentagon 7. Which string of code would you use to draw a SQUARE? Use paper to draw it out if

necessary.

10 pts

(a) REPEAT [FD 100] (b) FD 5 RT 90 FD 5 RT 90 FD 5

(c) REPEAT 4 [FD 100 RT 90] (d) REPEAT [FD 100 RT 90] 8. When programming in Logo, the C.A.R. Method helps remind you of words that will help

you order what you do. What are those words?

10 pts

(a) Command, Argument, Return

(b) Computer, Access, Record

(c) Calculate, Advance, Reboot (d) Code, Align, Read 9. What key on the computer do you use to signal the computer to perform the command

in Logo?

10 pts

(a) The “Backspace Key”

(b) The “Enter” key

(c) The “Cap Locks” key (d) The “Spacebar” 10. In Logo the most common Angle is?

10 pts

(a) 1350

(b) 70

(c) 450 (d) 1200


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PROGRAMMING/FLOWCHARTS/LOGO

Training Summary

In this training session the trainer will teach New MIRACLES Instructors Basic Programming, Flow Charts and Logo, which is part of the Robotics (Module 4) Year 2 curriculum. During this three (3) hour session, instructors should gain the necessary skills needed to be able to teach this content to the 7th grade MIRACLES students.

Year 2 Brief Overview Orange/Blue Belt Discussion

Module 4 Robotics Overview

Provide a brief overview of Year 2 and Module 4 (no more than 5 minutes). Demonstrate how to access the MIRACLES Curriculum on the website.

http://www.miracles.org

Year 2 is a 30 week program and a very aggressive

schedule.

Make sure you try to stay on schedule using the

MIRACLES Curriculum Timeline (Show Example).

Hand out and Review the Year 2 Overview and

Program at a Glance.

Basic Programming Techniques using Logo, Pitsco

Lego robotics kits and RoboLab software.

Working in teams to solve problems related to

robotics.

Continue life skills

o Time management

o Punctuality

o Professional work attitude

Web Graphics – Students continue to build skills in the area of web design.

Description: Instructors will participate in a training session on Programming, Flow Charts and Logo Programming Language. Objective: Upon completion of MIRACLES Fall Instructor training program August, 2008 the MIRACLES Lead Instructors, Assistant Instructors will demonstrate competencies in the following areas: o Creating a simple flow chart

using flow chart symbols o Explaining/defining

directional programming o Identifying the parts of a

Logo screen o Demonstrate the basic

commands in Logo o Complete Logo mystery

pictures o Create a rainbow square

using logo NETS: NA Length: 3 – 60 minute sessions Grade Range: Adult Materials: PowerPoint Software Logo Software “What Is A Program PP” Introduction to Logo PP Trainee’s Guide

Prerequisite: Using PowerPoint and Autoshapes


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o Photoshop – manipulate images create web menus

o Basic HTML

o Flash MX – flash movies

o Corel Draw

Networks/Systems

o Hands on labs

Databases – 1st introduction to databases

Programming/flowcharts

This year students will get their first introduction to programming and flowcharts.

What is a Program? Give Instructors time to think about the answer.

A Program is a list of detailed instructions the computer performs to complete a task.

Show the ‘What is a Program PowerPoint.’

Get instructor feedback as you move through the slides.

Check for understanding.


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Creating a Flowchart

Now that we have seen the symbols used for a flowchart (in the “What is a Program? slide

show), we are going to practice making one.

I want to show you a quick video of the reason flowcharts, or getting the “flow” of our

ideas down on paper is important.

Go to: http://www.skymark.com/pathmaker/captivateVideo/FlowchartTool.htm

A good programmer always knows the steps he or she will take before starting to write

code.

Let’s brainstorm ideas together.

What are some simple tasks you perform everyday?

o Turning on the radio

o Turning on the TV

o Making a Sandwich

o Brushing your teeth

o Making your bed

o Putting on your shoes

o Calling a Friend

Choose one of the examples and show instructors how to brainstorm what might

happen at each stage.

Watching your favorite TV Program – see flow chart on watching your favorite TV

program on the next page.

Brainstorm all possibilities for things to go wrong or challenge the situation.

Each one of the challenges needs to be a different “branch” on the program tree.


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START

Go to TV

Press power

YES

NO

Is it dead?

Check the plug

Pick up the remote

You are going to be creating your flowchart in PowerPoint.

There are a couple of pages in your Trainee’s Guides that show how to create a flowchart

using PowerPoint. If you have any problems let me know.

There is also a page in your Trainee’s Guide that show the different flow chart symbols

and when each symbol should be used.

Show instructors the pages in their Trainee’s Guides that demonstrate how to create

a flow chart in PowerPoint and the symbols.

Let instructors get started on creating their own flowcharts for a daily task.


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Symbols used for a flow chart

Pass out Trainee’s Guide on Creating a Flow Chart and let instructors work through

the activity.

Cover the following before letting them work on their own flowchart.

o Portrait Orientation

o File, Page Setup

o Drawing Toolbar

VIEW>TOOLBARS>DRAWING

o Autoshapes

Flowchart Symbols


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o Arrow style

Style and thickness of arrow

o Cross-hair cursor

o Shift Key for keep shape in proportions

o Cross-arrows to move shape

o Brush – changes the color of the lines

o Text

Select shape and begin typing (this is not the case for Word, you must insert

a text box)

Using Microsoft Word

Word can also be used to create flowcharts

Unlike PowerPoint you need to create textboxes to go inside the shapes in order to

write text.

Directional Programming

Directional Simon Says

I know we have all played the game Simon Says before.

Who can tell me the rules?

We are going to play a different version of the game.


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I will only be giving you directional instructions.

This means I will be telling you to go left, right, forward or back a certain number of steps.

There are two rules: (1) I have to say “Simon Says” in order for you to move and follow

the directions.

If I don’t say “Simon Says” and you move, you are out of the game.

(2) After I say “Simon Says move left 3 steps”, you must move the correct direction and

number of steps to stay in the game.

This is going to test your listening and directional skills.

There are a couple more exercises students will do to help with the understanding of

directional programming.

Introduction to Logo

Logo is a beginning program language.

Directional Program language.

Logo is a program that will allow your students to begin learning about programming

language and how things are written.

Show the Introduction to Logo PowerPoint

Cover the following

o Windows

Main Window

Commander Window


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• Recall List Box

• Command Input Box

Basic Commands

o Using the “Enter” key to signal the computer to perform the command

o FORWARD or FD

o BACK or BK

o LEFT or LT

o RIGHT or RT

o HOME

o CLEARSCREEN or CS


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o PENUP or PU

o PENDOWN or PD

o BYE

o EDIT “<filename>

o EDALL

o SAVE”<file name>

o LOAD”<filename>

o PENERASE

o PENPAINT

o SETPENCOLOR [RED, GREEN, BLUE]

o REPEAT #[command]

o LABEL “phrase

Procedures

o Breaking large projects into smaller ones

o Repeating procedures

o Procedures within procedures

Patterns Using Repeat Procedures

Saving Work

o Procedures saved

o Random commands not saved

o *.lgo file ending

o Saves in TEXT format

You can even add sounds and music to your program

Sound commands are in your curriculum

Review the Logo Code Reference Sheet in Trainee’s Guide with instructors

Review the Procedure Reference sheet in Trainee’s Guide with the instructors

Review the Angle Reference Sheet in Trainee’s Guide with the instructors

Instructor Activities

Project 1: Logo Rainbow Square

Logo Project 1: Logo Mystery Pictures


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Programming/Flowchart/Logo Post-test

Check the box next to the correct answer or answers. Passing score = 80% 1. This is an example of a programming language:

10 pts

(e) Microsoft Publisher (f) Spanish

(g) Advanced Microsystems (h) Java


10 pts

(e) Terminal (f) Input/Output

(g) Process (h) Flow Connector


10 pts

(e) Begin/End (f) Give a description of the task

(g) Shows the direction of the flow

(h) Yes/No question

4. In programming, what is a syntax error?

10 pts

(e) An error in spelling (f) An error in the instructions in the program

(g) An error in the amount of information

(h) An error in the way the program was designed to work

5. In programming, what do the letters GUI mean?

10 pts

(e) Graphic Utility Interference

(f) Gigabyte Upload Indicator

(g) GIF Universal Image (h) Graphical User Interface


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STUDENT FINAL SCORE:

TEST POINTS = /100

6. What will this string of Logo commands draw on the screen? Use paper to draw it out if necessary. REPEAT 5 [FD 100 RT 72]

10 pts

(e) Triangle (f) Octagon

(g) Hexagon (h) Pentagon 7. Which string of code would you use to draw a SQUARE? Use paper to draw it out if

necessary.

10 pts

(e) REPEAT [FD 100] (f) FD 5 RT 90 FD 5 RT 90 FD 5

(g) REPEAT 4 [FD 100 RT 90] (h) REPEAT [FD 100 RT 90] 8. When programming in Logo, the C.A.R. Method helps remind you of words that will help

you order what you do. What are those words?

10 pts

(e) Command, Argument, Return

(f) Computer, Access, Record

(g) Calculate, Advance, Reboot (h) Code, Align, Read 9. What key on the computer do you use to signal the computer to perform the command

in Logo?

10 pts

(e) The “Backspace Key”

(f) The “Enter” key

(g) The “Cap Locks” key (h) The “Spacebar” 10. In Logo the most common Angle is?

10 pts

(e) 1350

(f) 70

(g) 450 (h) 1200


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Flow Chart Symbols Instructor/Student Guide


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Creating a Flow Chart Student Guide Getting Started 1. Open PowerPoint

2. Double-click on the icon.

3. Portrait Orientation

4. File; Page Setup

5. Select Portrait in the Slides section.

6. Click the OK button.

Drawing Toolbar

1. Make sure the DRAWING tool bar is showing.

2. If the drawing toolbar is not showing…VIEW; TOOLBARS; DRAWING


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Flowchart Symbols

1. Click on AutoShapes

2. Locate Flowchart

3. Choose the symbol you need.

4. The cross-hair cursor will appear

5. Click and drag to create the shape in your document.

6. Remember, clicking on the shape will bring forward the handles to change the size.

7. Holding the SHIFT key down while you drag a handle will keep the proportions of

the shape the same as you make it bigger or smaller.


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8. To MOVE the shape, locate the cross-arrows cursor, click and drag.

9. Double-click on the shape and a Format AutoShape box will pop up.

10. You can make changes to the color and lines in the Colors and Lines tab.

Text

1. Select the shape in which you want to place text.

2. Begin typing.

3. The text will appear in the shape.


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Directional Flow Arrows

1. On the Drawing Toolbar, locate the arrow button.

2. Click and drag your cursor on the screen.

3. The arrow will appear

4. Arrow size and shape can be changed using the selection handles.

5. Click on the arrow.

6. These buttons can help you change the direction, style and thickness of the arrow.

7. This button allows you to change the color of the arrow. (Remember, the arrow

must be selected to make changes to it).

Using Microsoft Word

1. Word can also be used to create flowcharts

2. You will need to create textboxes to go inside the shapes in order to write text.


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Logo Screen Student Guide

��

��

Input Box

Title Bar

Menu Bar

Turtle

Commander Window Command Box

Command Buttons


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Logo Code Reference Sheet Student Guide

�� ► COMMAND ► SHORT ► EXAMPLE or EXPLANATION

► FORWARD ► FD ► FORWARD 100 (moves forward 100 units)

► BACK ► BK ► BACK 100 (moves backward 100 units)

► LEFT ► LT ► LEFT 90 (turns left 90 degrees)

► RIGHT ► RT ► RIGHT 45 (turn right 45 degrees)

► HOME ► ► Returns turtle to its original place on screen

► CLEARSCREEN ► CS ► Clears the Screen

► PENUP ► PU ► Lifts the pen up so that it won’t draw

► PENDOWN ► PD ► Puts the pen down so that it can draw

► HIDETURTLE ► HT ► Makes the turtle (triangle cursor) invisible

► SHOWTURTLE ► ST ► Makes the turtle reappear

► BYE ► ► Closes and exits the program

► EDIT “filename ► ► EDIT “square – opens a file called “square”

and allows you to edit the code

► EDALL ► ► Loads the Editor window with all current

procedures

► PENERASE ► ► Sets pen down and into the erase mode

► PENPAINT ► ► Sets pen down and into the paint mode

► SETFLOODCOLOR __

FILL

► SETFC

__

► SETFC 4 FILL – fills a closed shape with red.

You must be inside the shape before using this


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FILL command.

► SETSCREENCOLOR ► SETSC ► SETFC 6 – fills the background with the color

you chose.

► SETPENSIZE [# #] ► ► SETPENSIZE [30 30] – sets the pen size to a

larger line. **Note – always put the numbers

in [parentheses] and always use the same

number twice. You will never put [50 30].

You can use any number, 1 being the smallest

line.

��

► COMMAND ► SHORT ► EXAMPLE or EXPLANATION

► SETPENCOLOR #

►

1 = Blue 2 = Green 3 = Turquoise 4 = Red 5 = Pink 6 = Yellow 7 = White 8 = Brown 9 = Lt Brown 10 = Dark Green 11 = Lt Blue 12 = Orange 13 = Purple 14 = Orange 15 = Gray 16 = Black

► SETPC ► SETPENCOLOR 1 – sets the color of the pen

to blue

► REPEAT # [command] ► ► REPEAT 4 [FD 100 RT 90] – repeats a

command as many times as indicated – the

command is put in parentheses

► LABEL “phrase ► ► LABEL” This_is_My_Program – allows you


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to program the turtle to display text.

►

► **Notice that there are underscores used

between each word of a multi-word phrase.


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� ��

Color Procedures Code

Pink TO PINK OP [255 200 255] END

Black TO BLACK OP [000 000 000] END

Blue TO BLUE OP [000 000 255] END

Brown TO BROWN OP [128 64 0] END

Cyan TO CYAN OP [0 255 255] END

Dark Green TO DKGREEN OP [0 128 128] END

Green TO GREEN OP [000 255 000] END

Grey TO GREY OP [128 128 128] END

Magenta TO MAGENTA OP [255 0 255] END

Olive TO OLIVE OP [128 128 0] END

Orange TO ORANGE OP [255 128 255] END

Purple TO PURPLE


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OP [128 0 128] END

Red TO RED OP [255 0 0] END

White TO WHITE OP [255 255 255] END

Yellow TO YELLOW OP [255 255 0] END

Sound Procedures

Code

A TO A SOUND [440 100] END

A# TO A# SOUND [223 100]

B TO B SOUND [494 100] END

C (middle) TO C SOUND [262 100] END

C# (middle) TO C# SOUND [277 100]

D TO D SOUND [294 100] END

D# TO D# SOUND [311 100]

E TO E SOUND [330 100] END

F TO F SOUND [349 100] END

F# TO F# SOUND [370 100] END

Frequency

Duration (length)


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G TO G SOUND [392 100] END

G# TO G# SOUND [415 100] END

A (high) TO AHigh SOUND [440 100] END

A# (high) TO A#High SOUND [466 100] END

B (high) TO BHigh SOUND [494 100] END

C (high) TO CHigh SOUND [523 100] END

C# (high) TO C#High SOUND [554 100] END

D (high) TO DHigh SOUND [587 100] END

D# (high) TO D#High SOUND [622 100] END

E (high) TO EHigh SOUND [659 100] END

F (high) TO Fhigh SOUND [698 100] END

F# (high) TO F#High SOUND [740 100] END

G (high) TO Ghigh SOUND [784 100] END


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Logo Angle Reference Sheet Student Guide

��

Most Common…

Others…

Protractor from Prentice Hall/www.teachervision.com

120º 90º 45º

110º 135º 7º


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Logo Project 1: Creating a Rainbow Square

• In this project, you will learn to navigate Logo and command it to make a simple

square with four different colored sides.

1. Practice drawing commands.

o Use the Logo Mystery Picture sheet

o For each set of commands, draw the picture that goes with the commands

o Turn the sheet into your instructor

2. Draw out your plan

o You will be making a square with 4 different colored sides.

o Get a piece of paper and a pencil

o Draw a picture of how your square will look.

What colors will you use for the sides?

How long will the sides be?

What angles make up a square? (Hint: this will help you decide what “size”

turns to make)

Use the Logo Code Reference in your Student Guide to help you write out the

code you believe will create the square.

3. Open Logo

4. Two Screens will appear

o Top = MAIN window where you will see your program run.

o Bottom = COMMAND window where you will type in the program commands.


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5. Place your cursor in the bottom of the Command window.

6. Type the Code

o Type in your first line of code and press enter.

o The results will be displayed in the main screen.

o To clear the screen and begin again, type in the command clearscreen.

o Continue to type in code in order to create the rainbow square.

o As you type in code and works correctly, you will want to write down changes on

your paper.

o Keeping track of changes can help you remember your final program.

7. Creating a Procedure

o When you have finished recording the commands to create the rainbow square

and they are in the correct sequence, to save these commands you will need to

create a PROCEDURE.

o You will need to think of a name for your procedure. It should be one that

describes what the procedure will do. Ex:

rainbowsquare

color_square

rainbowbox

o **Notice** if you use more than one word, they must be placed together or you

must use the underscore key instead of a space.


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o Type in the word “to”, a space and the name of the procedure.

o Press the Enter key.

o The TO MODE applet will appear.

o Type in your first command and press the Enter key.

o You can continue to type in all of your commands, pressing the Enter key after

each one.

o When you are finished, press the Cancel key. o In the Command window you will see that your procedure has been created.

o To try out your procedure, type the name of it into the command box and press

the Enter key.

o If you find that your procedure did not execute the way you planned, click the

EDALL button.

o The EDITOR applet will appear with all of your command code.

o Check your code against the list that you made on your paper.

Is it the same as the original code that you wrote on your paper?

Did you forget a step?


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When you made a left or a right turn, did you turn the correct directions?

Did you put in the correct angle for the turn?

o You may want to draw the code from the Editor on a new sheet of paper to see if

you can figure out where you might have missed a command.

8. Text

o Write your name somewhere on your screen.

o You will want to move the “turtle” away from your project using commands like

penup.

o Use the Label “type your name here command.

o You must use the word label. o There must be a space.

o You must use the “ symbol. o Type the words you want to appear after that.

o Remember, multiple words must be separated by the underscore key.

Robin_O

Annika_S

9. Saving Your Procedure

o It is a good idea to save the code you have written from time to time.

o If you are in the Editor window, you will need to click on FILE; SAVE AND EXIT

o Then, in the MSW Logo window, click on FILE; SAVE AS.


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o In the Save As applet, make sure you go to your folder on the network (use the

Save In drop down menu).

o Type in the name you chose for your procedure.

o Click the Save button.

10. Print Your Procedure


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Project 2: Logo Mystery Pictures

�� For each of the following, in the blank provided, draw the figure that goes with each set

of programming code.

FD 100 RT 120 FD 100 RT 120 FD 100

FD 50 BK 100 FD 50 RT 90 FD 50 LT 90 FD 50 BK 100 PU RT 90 FD 15 LT 90 PD FD 50 PU FD 5 PD FD 5 HT


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intro to programming training manual · 2019. 10. 26. · intro to programming, flowcharts &...

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