INTRO T

O PSYCHOLOGY

JOURNAL #2 DUE FRIDAY!

"I am not afraid of tomorrow for I have seen yesterday and I love today." -

William Allen White

1. What does this quote mean to you?

2. How is our past, present, and future intertwined?

3. How does this relate to psychology?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vo4pMVb0R6M

SOOOOO….W

HAT IS

PSYCHOLOGY?

What can we study???

What do you want to learn more about???

PSYCHOLOGY

1.Scientific study2.Behavior3.Mental processes

BASIC VS. APPLIED

BASIC done just to increase the scientific knowledge base of psychology

APPLIED intended to solve practical problems

**Real life examples???

HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY

Greeks? abnormal behavior was punishment by the gods

Early focus – Gods in control; later focus on natural world

“…our knowledge of the world is only learned through the sense organs…all human knowledge is necessarily subjective and will differ from individual to individual (Cohen, 2011).”

Hippocrates 4 humors

1. black bile

2. yellow bile

3. blood

4. phelgm

Middle Ages possession by demons – to sink or float??

WHO IS THE “FATHER” OF PSYCHOLOGY??

Wilhelm Wundt – 1st psychology lab at the University of Leipzig (1879)

- introspection: looking inward

Edward Titchener – Wundt’s student

- structuralism: understand the structure of conscious experience; the basic building blocks of consciousnesss

GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY

Max Weitheimer

- emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

- “the whole is different from the sum of its parts”

WILLIAM JAMES

- 1st American psychologist- Wrote the 1st psychology textbook

(1890) “Principles of Psychology”- Functionalism: consciousness helps us

adapt to and function in our surroundings

Sooooo…….we develop useful habits because they help us function more effectively in our daily lives

- washing your hands before eating

SIGMUND FREUD

- Psychoanalysis: attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflict

- Stereotypical views of therapists draw upon notions surrounding Freud

TWO Main Differences from other approaches:

1. Focus on abnormal behavior supposedly due to unconscious drives and conflicts stemming from early childhood

2. Relied on personal observation and reflection NOT experimentation

“Do you want to study for tomorrow’s kizz??”

ANOTHER SHIFT IN THOUGHT…

- Ivan Pavlov Shift toward observable behavior

- classic studies on animal learning (more about this in the Learning modules!!!)

“Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control

of human behavior.” (Watson, 1913)

- John B. Watson focusing on consciousness is unscientific

- behaviorism: theory that psychology should only study observable behaviors not mental processes

- B. F. Skinner shifted behaviorism to focus on learning through rewards and observation; reinforcement

HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY

- Emphasized conscious experience as the proper focus of psychology

- Humans have free will in decision-making and strive for self-actualization, the reaching of their true potential

Carl Rogers client-centered therapy stressing acceptance and genuiness

Abraham Maslow proposed the hierarchy of needs

JEAN PIAGET

- Developmental psychologist

- Developed stages of cognitive development

How much do babies really understand?

Can children lie?

GROUNDBREAKERS IN PSYCH

G. Stanley Hall 1st American to receive PhD in psychology’ 1st lab in US at John Hopkins University; 1st president of APA

Mary Whiton Calkins 1st woman to complete requirements for PhD in psychology but denied (Harvard); 1st president of the APA

Margaret Floy Washburn 1st female to receive PhD in psychology (Cornell)

Francis Cecil Sumner 1st African-American to receive a PhD in psychology (19200

Inez Beverly Prosser 1st African-American female to earn a PhD in psychology (1933 – U of Cincinnati)

Kenneth Clark & Mamie Phipps Clark educational psychologists whose research was presented in Brown v. Board of Education

PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

CognitiveBiological

Social-culturalBehavioralHumanistic

Psychodynamic

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Behavior genetics: focus on how much our genes and environment influence our individual differences

Evolutional psychology: combines biological, psychological, and social aspects of human behavior to study behaviors that helped our ancestors survive

Positive psychology: Martin Seligman; focus on wellness and on healthy people reaching their full potential; scientifically based unlike humanistic psych

What are your STRENGTHS????