intro to the court system
DESCRIPTION
intro to the court system presentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Court System
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U.S. Supreme Court(Highest Court of Last Resort)
U.S. Courts of Appeals(13)
U.S. District Courts(94)
Article I Courts &
Administrative Agencies
State High Courts(Highest Court of Last Resort)
State Intermediate Appellate Courts
State (Major) Trial Courts
State (Minor) Trial Courts
Dual Court System
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1st Degree Intentional Homicide
Causes death
Of another person
Intent to kill
That person
Question of Fact
True or False?
Question of Law
• What is “cause”?
• What is “death”?
• What is “intent”?
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U.S. Supreme Court(Highest Court of Last Resort)
U.S. Courts of Appeals(13)
U.S. District Courts(94)
Article I Courts &
Administrative Agencies
State High Courts(Highest Court of Last Resort)
State Intermediate Appellate Courts
State (Major) Trial Courts
State (Minor) Trial Courts
Dual Court System
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Federal Courts
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Federal Judges
• U.S magistrate judges• Assist district judges with criminal pretrial and civil
discovery
• District judges• Trials; writing opinions/decisions in civil matters• Diversity of citizenship + Federal questions
• Circuit judges• Sit in panels to review lower courts’ legal decisions
• No ruling ever made by a single judge;• Write opinions about its decisions
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U.S. Courts of Appeals
• Established 1891 • To relieve USSC’s caseload
• Intermediate appellate courts (3-judge panels)
• Currently 11 #’d circuits +• DC Circuit• Federal Circuit – Intellectual Property; non-tort claims vs.
US; federal employees; veteran benefits• Armed Forces – cases from military courts
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• Geographical
• Subject matter
• Personal
• Hierarchical
The Four Primary Types of Jurisdiction
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Federal Question Jurisdiction
• Suits between States• Federal crimes (e.g., counterfeiting, treason,
interstate commerce)• Bankruptcy• Intellectual Property (Patent; ™ ®; ©)• Cases specified by statute (e.g., civil rights, labor
relations, discrimination, etc.)• Involving & between ambassadors• Other: Admiralty; Securities
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Jurisdiction: State vs. FederalState Courts Federal Courts State or Federal Courts
*Crimes under state legislation.*State constitutional issues and cases involving state laws or regulations.*Family law issues.*Real property issues.*Most private contract disputes (except those resolved under bankruptcy law).*Most issues involving the regulation of trades and professions.*Most professional malpractice issues.*Most issues involving the internal governance of business associations such as partnerships and corporations.*Most personal injury lawsuits.*Most workers' injury claims.*Probate and inheritance matters.*Most traffic violations and registration of motor vehicles.
*Crimes under statutes enacted by congress.*Most cases involving federal laws or regulations (for example: tax, Social *Security, broadcasting, civil rights)*Matters involving interstate and international commerce, including airline and railroad regulation.*Cases involving securities and commodities regulation, including takeover of publicly held corporations.*Admiralty cases.*International trade law matters.*Patent, copyright, and other intellectual property issues.*Cases involving rights under treaties, foreign states, and foreign nationals.*State law disputes when "diversity of citizenship" exists.*Bankruptcy matters.*Disputes between states.*Habeas corpus actions.*Traffic violations and other misdemeanors occurring on certain federal property.
*Crimes punishable under both federal and state law.*Federal constitutional issues.*Certain civil rights claims.*"Class action" cases.*Environmental regulations.*Certain disputes involving federal law.
or Diversity (> $75k)
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• Geographic location within the court system
• Change of venue• Fair trial is impossible in the original location• Avoid hardship• Avoid inconvenience
• Usually: (1) where crime occurred ; OR (2) where defendant resides
Venue
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State Courts
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Overview of the State System
United States Supreme Court
State Supreme Court
State Court of Appeals*
State Trial CourtsMuni. Cts.
Tribal. Cts.
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Legal Classifications&
Sources of Rights
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The Bill of Rights&
The Incorporation Doctrine
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Bill of Rights & Incorporation
• Rights guaranteed in the federal constitution that are often used in law enforcement cases:• Amendment I:
• religion• speech• press• assembly• petition the government for redress of grievances
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Bill of Rights & Incorporation
• Rights guaranteed in the federal constitution that are often used in law enforcement cases:
• Amendment IV• unreasonable searches and seizures
• Warrants/probable cause
• "Reasonable suspicion" ***
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Bill of Rights & Incorporation
• Rights guaranteed in the federal constitution that are often used in law enforcement cases:• Amendment V
• grand jury indictment for a capital or other serious crime
• double jeopardy
• self-incrimination
• taking of life, liberty, or property without due process of law
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Bill of Rights & Incorporation
• Rights guaranteed in the federal constitution that are often used in law enforcement cases:• Amendment VI
• speedy and public trial• impartial jury• informed of the nature and cause of the accusation• confront/summon witnesses• assistance of counsel
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Bill of Rights & Incorporation
• Rights guaranteed in the federal constitution that are often used in law enforcement cases:• Amendment VIII
• excessive bail• cruel and unusual punishment
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Bill of Rights & Incorporation
• Rights guaranteed in the federal constitution that are often used in law enforcement cases:• Amendment XIV
• Right to due process• Right to equal protection
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Bill of Rights & Incorporation• The Incorporation Controversy:
What Applies to the States? • Fundamental and Incorporated Rights
• 1st Amend.
• 4th Amend.
• 5th Amend.
• 6th Amend. (Not 12 persons)
• 8th Amend.
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Bill of Rights & Incorporation
• The Incorporation Controversy: Does the Bill of Rights Apply to the States? • Rights Not Incorporated
• 2nd Amend.: right to keep/bear arms
• 3rd Amend.: quartering soldiers
• 5th Amend.: grand jury
• 7th Amend.: right to trial → civil cases