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Introdução ao SPSS Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 1 Introdução ao SPSS Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais

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Page 1: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 1

Introdução ao SPSS

Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais

Page 2: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 2

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Page 3: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 3

1. Conhecendo o SPSS

1.1 - Telas Iniciais

1.2 - Barra de Ferramentas

1.3 – Menus

1.4 – Abrindo Bases de Dados

1.5 – Salvando Bases de Dados

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Page 4: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 4

1.1 - Telas Iniciais

Nome do Arquivo

Variáveis

Casos

Base

Visualizador de Dados e Variáveis

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Page 5: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 5

1.1 - Telas Iniciais

Menus

Barra de Ferramentas

Seleção e valor

Barra de Status

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Page 6: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 6

1.1 - Telas Iniciais

Name: nome da variável

Type: Numeric, String

Width: tamanho das observações

Decimals: casas decimais

Labels: descrição do name

Values: descrição dos valores

Missing: valores “perdidos”

Columns: tamanho das colunas

Align: alinhamento

Measure: nominal, ordinal, escalar

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Page 7: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 7

1.2 – Barra de Ferramentas

Abrir

Salvar

Imprimir

Comandos Recentes

Retornar

Seguir

Localizar observações

Localizar Variáveis

Variáveis

Localizar e Substituir

Inserir observações

Inserir variáveis

Split files: separar a base

Weight cases: peso

Select cases: seleciona a base

Value labels: descrição dos valores

Conjunto de variáveis

Todas as variáveis

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Page 8: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 8

1.3 - Menus

File: new (data, syntax, output, script), open, close, save, save as, Read text data...

Edit : cut, copy, paste, clear, find, replace, insert, go

Data: identify duplicate cases, sort, split file, select cases, weight cases

Tranform: compute, recode, count values

View: status bar, toolbars, fonts, value labels, data, variables

Analyze: descriptives (frequencies, descriptives, crosstabs)

Help: topics, tutorial, case studies

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Page 9: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 9

1.4 Abrindo Bases de Dados

O SPSS pode abrir base em diferentes

formatos SPSS (. Sav), Excel (.xls), Text (.txt ou .dat) Stata (.dta)

Na maioria das vezes, utiliza-se sintaxes de

INPUT

Pode-se abrir as bases de dados de diferentes

maneiras

Menus: File -> Open -> Data

Barra de Ferramental:

Sintaxes de INPUTS

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Page 10: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 10

1.4 Abrindo Bases de Dados

Exemplo 1: base accidents.sav

File -> Open -> Data =>

...Arquivos de programas\SPSSInc\SPSS16\Samples\accidents.sav

File -> New ->Syntax=>

GET FILE='C:\Arquivos de programas\

\SPSSInc\SPSS16\Samples\accidents.sav'.

Exemplo 2: base CENSOESC_2006.txt

File -> Open -> Syntax =>

...\Microdados do Censo Escolar 2006\

\INPUTS_SAS_SPSS\INPUT_SPSS_CENSOESC2006.sps

OBs.: substitua o endereço.

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Page 11: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 11

1.4 Abrindo Bases de Dados

FILE HANDLE CENSOESC_2006 NAME = 'C:\Documents and Settings\

\Microdados do Censo Escolar 2006\

\DADOS\CENSOESC_2006\CENSOESC_2006.TXT'

/MODE = CHARACTER /LRECL=43742.

DATA LIST FIXED

FILE = CENSOESC_2006

/MASCARA 1-8

ANO 9-13

CODMUNIC 14-25 (F2)

UF 26-75 (A)

SIGLA 76-77 (A)

MUNIC 78-127 (A)

DEP 128-137(A)

...

EXECUTE.

• Sintaxe de INPUTS

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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 12

1.4 Abrindo Bases de Dados

Exemplo 3: base spaece_qprof_04l.txt

File -> Open -> Data =>

SPAECE\SPAECE 04\spaece04_qprof\ base

spaece_qprof_04l.txt

Text import wizard

Delimited / Fixed width

Names at the top

Delimiters between variables

(tab, comma, space, semicolon, others)

Data format

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Page 13: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 13

1.5 Salvando Base de Dados

O SPSS pode salvar a base em diferentes

formatos SPSS (. Sav), Excel (.xls), Text (.txt ou .dat), Stata

(.dta)

Pode-se salvar as bases de dados de

diferentes maneiras

Menus: File -> Save ou Save as

Barra de Ferramental:

Sintaxes (KEEP, DROP)

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Page 14: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 14

1.5 Salvando Base de Dados

Exemplo 1

SAVE OUTFILE='C:\Arquivos de programas

\SPSSInc\SPSS16\Samples\accidents.sav'

/COMPRESSED.

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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 15

2. Principais Comandos

2.1 – Organizando a Baseidentify duplicate cases, sort, split file, select cases, weight cases, clear, insert, rename, label, merge

2.2 – Modificando a BaseCompute (IF), recode

2.3 – Tabelas Descritivas

frequencies, descriptives, crosstabs

2.4 – Principais Comandos

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2.1 – Organizando a Base

Identify duplicate cases: identifica os dados repetidos, criando uma nova variável, e ordena os dados.

Exemplo: Data -> Identify duplicate cases Define matching cases

Sort within matching groups

Sort: ordena ascendentemente ou descendentemente os dados.

Exemplo: Data -> Sort Sort by

Sort order

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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 17

2.1 – Organizando a Base

Split file: cria um filtro para reorganizar a base de dados, não deixando

nenhuma das partes inacessíveis.

Exemplo: Data -> Split file

Compare Groups

Organize output by group

Select cases: cria um filtro para separar provisória ou definitivamente a

base de dados, tornando alguma das partes inacessíveis.

Exemplo: Data -> Select cases

If condition is satisfied

Random sample

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Page 18: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 18

2.1 – Organizando a Base

Operadores Relacionais

EQ or = Equal to

NE or ~= or ¬ = or <> Not equal to

LT or < Less than

LE or <= Less than or equal to

GT or > Greater than

GE or >= Greater than or equal to

Operadores Lógicos

AND or & Both relations must be true

OR or | Either relation can be true

NOTReverses the outcome of an expression

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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 19

2.1 – Organizando a Base

Weight cases: atribui uma variável que serve de peso para uma

amostra.

Exemplo: Data -> Weight cases

Clear: deleta colunas (variáveis) ou linhas (casos).

Data view -> Botão direito.

Insert: insere colunas ou linhas. Data view -> Botão direito.

Rename e Variables Label: substitui o nome e o label das variáveis.

Variable view.

Values Label: insere informações sobre as observações.

Variable view.

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Page 20: Introducao SPSS

Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 20

2.1 – Organizando a Base

Merge: junta duas ou mais bases de dados,

adicionando casos ou variáveis.

Exemplo: Data -> Merge Files -> Add Cases

Add Variable

As variáveis de identificação devem estar ordenadas em

ambas os arquivos.

Não pode haver identificação duplicada quando se adiciona

casos.

Não pode haver identificação duplicada na base ativa.

Determine o arquivo que tem a identificação “chave”.

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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 21

2.2 – Modificando a Base

Compute: cria novas variáveis utilizando funções ou

operadores.

Example: Tranformations -> Compute

Target Variable

Numeric expression

IF

Exercício

Elejam as 5 mais importantes funções dos grupos e apresente

um exemplo:

Arithimetic; Missing Values; Statistical; String.

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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 22

2.2 – Modificando a Base

Arithimetic 1º -

2º -

3º -

4º -

5º -

Missing Values 1º -

2º -

3º -

4º -

5º -

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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 23

2.2 – Modificando a Base

Statistical 1º -

2º -

3º -

4º -

5º -

String 1º -

2º -

3º -

4º -

5º -

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2.2 – Modificando a Base

Recode: modifica ou cria uma nova variável. Exemplo: Tranformation -> Recode into Same Variable

Recode into Different Variable

Output Variable (Name, Label)

IF

SYSMIS (.)

MISSING ( )

ELSE

Thru -> through

Lowest (LO), Highest (HI)

Copy

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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 25

2.3 – Tabelas Descritivas

Frequencies: apresenta as freqüências das variáveis e

várias estatísticas descritivas.

Exemplo: Analyze -> Descriptive statistics -> Frequencies...

N (Valid, Missing) Skewness

Mean Kurtosis

Std. Error of Mean Range

Median Minimum

Mode Maximum

Std. Deviation Sum

Variance Percentiles

• Statistics • Charts

None

Bar Charts

Pie Charts

Histogram

Exercício

Definam todas as estatísticas e os tipos de gráficos.

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2.3 – Tabelas Descritivas

Descriptives: apresenta estatísticas descritivas das

variáveis.

Exemplo: Analyze -> Descriptive statistics ->

Descriptives...

Save standardized value as variable

Options

Mean Skewness

Sum Kurtosis

Std. Deviation Range

Variance Minimum

S. E. Mean Maximum

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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 27

2.3 – Tabelas Descritivas

Crosstabs: gera tabelas com dados cruzados de duas ou mais variáveis e algumas estatísticas da relação entre as variáveis.

Exemplo: Analyze -> Descriptive statistics -> Crosstabs...

Rows

Columns

Layer 1 to 1

Statistics

Chi-squared

Correlation

Cells

Counts (Observed, Expected)

Pecentages (Rows, Columns, Total)

Exercício

Definam as estatísticas Chi-squared e Correlation.

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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 28

2.4 Principais Comandos

Principais Comandos do SPSS

Comandos Tradução Significado Sintaxe

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

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3. Elaborando Sintaxes

3.1 – Pontos principais

3.2 – Comandossort, split file, select cases, weight cases,

merge, rename, compute (IF), recode

3.3 – Tabelas Descritivas

frequencies, descriptives, crosstabs

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3.1 Pontos principais

Os comandos em uma sintaxe são instruções que devem seguir certas regras. As principais são:

O asterisco ( * ) serve para fazer anotações ou tornar inoperante uma linha da programação;

O ponto final ( . ) determina o fim da linha de comando;

Os comando, subcomandos e funções são representados por letras maiúsculas (LABEL VARIABLES);

Os elementos representados em letra minúscula devem ser inseridos (varlist);

Os elementos em negritos são defauts;

Parenteses ( ( ) ), apostrofos ( „ „ ) e aspas (“ “) são requerimentos para executar a sintaxe;

Elementos entre chaves ( { } ) indicam alternativas;

Elementos entre colchetes ( [ ] ) são especificações opcionais;

As abreviações são óbvias (varname, varlist).

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3.2 – Comandos

Sort: ordena ascendentemente ou

descendentemente os dados.

SORT CASES [BY] varlist[({A})] [varlist...]

{D}

Exemplo:

SORT CASES BY gender(A) accid(A).

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3.2 – Comandos

Split file: cria um filtro para reorganizar a base de dados,

não deixando nenhuma das partes inacessíveis.

SPLIT FILE {OFF } [{LAYERED }] {BY varlist}

{SEPARATE}

Exemplo

SPLIT FILE LAYERED BY gender.

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3.2 – Comandos

Select cases: cria um filtro para separar provisória ou definitivamente a base de dados, tornando alguma das partes inacessíveis.

SELECT IF [(]logical expression[)]

ExemploUSE ALL.

COMPUTE filter_$=(gender = 1 & agecat > 1).

VARIABLE LABEL filter_$ 'gender = 1 & agecat > 1 (FILTER)'.

VALUE LABELS filter_$ 0 'Not Selected' 1 'Selected'.

FORMAT filter_$ (f1.0).

FILTER BY filter_$.

EXECUTE.

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3.2 – Comandos

Operadores Relacionais

EQ or = Equal to

NE or ~= or ¬ = or <> Not equal to

LT or < Less than

LE or <= Less than or equal to

GT or > Greater than

GE or >= Greater than or equal to

Operadores Lógicos

AND or & Both relations must be true

OR or | Either relation can be true

NOTReverses the outcome of an expression

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3.2 – Modificando a Base

Compute: cria novas variáveis utilizando

funções ou operadores.

COMPUTE target variable=expression

Exemplo

IF (agecat <= 2) taxa=accid / pop.

EXECUTE.

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3.2 – Modificando a Base

Recode: modifica ou cria uma nova variável.

RECODE varlist (value list=value)...(value list=value) [INTO varlist]

Exemplo

RECODE agecat (1 2=1) (ELSE=0) INTO menor.

VARIABLE LABELS menor 'Menor de 25'.

VALUE LABELS menor 1 “menor” 0 “caso contrário”.

EXECUTE.

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3.3 – Tabelas Descritivas Frequencies: apresenta as frequência das variáveis

e várias estatísticas descritivas.

SintaxeFREQUENCIES VARIABLES=varlist [varlist...]

[/NTILES=n]

[/PERCENTILES=value list]

[/STATISTICS=[DEFAULT] [MEAN] [STDDEV] [MINIMUM] [MAXIMUM] [SEMEAN] [VARIANCE] [RANGE] [MODE] [MEDIAN] [SUM] [ALL] [NONE]] [/ORDER=[{ANALYSIS}] [{VARIABLE}]

ExemploFREQUENCIES VARIABLES=agecat gender accid pop

/NTILES=4

/STATISTICS=STDDEV VARIANCE RANGE MINIMUM MAXIMUM SEMEAN

/ORDER=ANALYSIS.

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3.3 – Tabelas Descritivas

Descriptives: apresenta estatísticas descritivas das

variáveis.

DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES= varname[(zname)] [varname...]

[/STATISTICS=[DEFAULT**] [MEAN**] [MIN**] [SKEWNESS]]

[STDDEV** ] [SEMEAN] [MAX**] [KURTOSIS] [VARIANCE ] [SUM ]

[RANGE] [ALL]

Exemplo

DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES=gender accid pop

/STATISTICS=MEAN STDDEV MIN MAX.

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3.3 – Tabelas Descritivas

Crosstabs: gera tabelas com dados cruzados de duas ou mais variáveis e algumas estatísticas da relação entre as variáveis.

CROSSTABS [TABLES=]varlist BY varlist [BY...] [/varlist...]

[/CELLS=[{COUNT**}] [ROW ] [EXPECTED [COLUMN] [TOTAL ]

[/STATISTICS=[CHISQ] [CC]

ExemploCROSSTABS

/TABLES=gender BY pop BY agecat

/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES

/STATISTICS=CHISQ CORR

/CELLS=COUNT TOTAL

/COUNT ROUND CELL.

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4. Bases de dados

4.1 – PNAD

3.2 – Censo Escolar

3.3 – Prova Brasil

3.4 – SAEB

3.5 - SPAECE

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4.__ Base ________________

Arquivos dos Microdados

Nome do Arquivo Nível Tamanho Formato

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4.__ Base ________________

Arquivos de IMPUT

Nome do Arquivo Nível Formato

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4.__ Base ________________

Variáveis Identificadoras e Pesos

Nome do Arquivo Nível

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4.__ Base ________________

Principais Variáveis

Nome Descrição Nível

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4.__ Base ________________

Principais Variáveis

Nome Descrição Nível

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4.__ Base ________________

Tabela Descritiva

Edições

Amostra

População

Estratos

Percentuais

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Exercício Final

Faça uma apresentação sobre uma das

bases com 5 tabelas e indicadores que achar

mais importante.

Tente aplicar o maior número de comandos.

Crie uma Sintaxe.

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Principais Comandos do SPSS

Comando Tradução Descrição Sintaxe

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