introduce to internet1

Chapter III

Introduction to Internet

SLIDE PRESENT

CHAPTER I : USING OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER II : INTRODUCE TO SOFTWARE

CHAPTER III : INTRODUCE TO INTERNET

CHAPTER IV: BUSINESS COMPUTING

CHAPTER V : INTRODUCE TO e-GOV, etc

Contents

Introduction to Intenet

Internet History

Internet Evolution

Internet Pioneer

Internet Growth

Lecture‟s Material

The Future of Internet

Internet Application

Internet Trends

Internet & Cloud Computing

Internet User

Contents 1 Contents 2

Do You Ever Heard This ?

• VICTORIAN INTERNET – What Was the “Victorian Internet”

• The Telegraph

• Invented in the 1840s.

• Signals sent over wires that were

established over vast distances

• Used extensively by the U.S.

Government during the American

Civil War, 1861 - 1865

• Morse Code was dots and dashes,

or short signals and long signals

• The electronic signal standard of +/-

15 v. is still used in network

interface cards today.

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What Is Internet?

• Internet can be defined as: – A network of networks, joining many government,

university and private computers together and providing

an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file

archives, hypertext documents, databases and other

computational resources

– The vast collection of computer networks which form and

act as a single huge network for transport of data and

messages across distances which can be anywhere from

the same office to anywhere in the world.

– The largest network of networks in the world.

– Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching .

– Runs on any communications substrate.

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What Can I Do On The

Internet ?

• Get Information

• Send and receive email and chat

• Join discussion groups and message

boards

• Get or exchange software and files

• Explore the World Wide Web

• Publish your own material on the web Intr

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What Can I Do On The

Internet ?

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Who Owns The Internet?

• No organization, corporation, or

government owns or runs the Internet.

• Organizations work together to oversee

and standardize what happens on the

internet

• The equipment, the computers, cables,

routers, and so on, are owned by

government and private organizations.

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Does The Internet Create

Immediately?

• Other inventions in our history had to

happen in order for the Internet to be

created. – Telegraph

– Radio

– Telephone

– Television Intr

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No !!!

Video/The Invention of the Telephone.flv

History of the Internet

• Brief History of the Internet – 1968 - DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects

Agency) contracts with BBN (Bolt, Beranek & Newman)

to create ARPAnet

– 1970 - First five nodes: UCLA, Stanford, UC Santa

Barbara, U of Utah, and BBN

– 1974 - TCP specification by Vint Cerf

– 1984 – On January 1, the Internet with its 1000 hosts

converts en masse to using TCP/IP for its messaging

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Video/Ppicolsigns's Channel.flv

A Brief History of the Internet:

The Precursors I

“Computers,” so to speak, have been around for thousands of years. So have networks (social networks, that is). It‟s only recently that they have come together so forcefully, altering social life as we knew it basically overnight.

From the earliest abacus to the jacquard loom that led to punch card technology, computers that became permanently networked emerged in the 1960s. (click here for interactive abacus)

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http://www.webcom.com/calc/CalcChron.html

http://www.abacushome.info/history-of-the-abacus/

http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~ped/teachadmin/histsci/htmlform/lect4.html

http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/?category=cmptr

http://illuminations.nctm.org/ActivityDetail.aspx?ID=8

A Brief History of the Internet:

The Precursors II Computers were an integral part of World War II. Their

adoption as military technology created the first steps into computer networking, creating the first pattern of the Internet in the late 1960s.

Technology development and the dependence on computers in both academic and business institutions in the 1980s increased public awareness and access to computers generally

1991, when Tim Berners-Lee introduced HTML, the World Wide Web (WWW), and Mosaic (which became Netscape Navigator).

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http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/?category=net

1958: ARPA, the Advanced Research Projects

Agency, is created by the U.S. Defense

Department in response to the 1957 Sputnik

launch.

1962: IPTO, the Information processing Techniques

Office, a branch of ARPA, creates the

ARPANET under the leadership of Joseph

Licklider (MIT), a minor program designed to

stimulate research in interactive computing.

A Brief History of the

Internet: The Timeline

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1969: The ARPANET utilizes “packet switching” technology developed in part by Paul Baran of the RAND Corporation. The first 5 nodes in the network link UCLA, UCSB, Stanford, and Univ. of Utah and BBN

1972-4: The network expands to 15 nodes, and standardization of communication protocols ensues – TCP, or “transmission control protocol”, is developed and by 1978 the IP (inter-networking protocol) is added by Vint Cerf of Stanford, creating the network standard used today, TCP/IP. In 1974, the UNIX operating system is released by Bell labs, and set widely at universities. This begins the open source movement”.


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1977-78: U. Chicago students Christensen and Suess create

MODEM software, and in 1978 they create the Computer Bulletin Board System (BBS), modeled after office bulletin boards used for public messaging.

1981-83: From the first BBS idea sprouted the USENET, a message system for the ARPA network, IBMs version, BITNET, used widely on college campuses and a private BBS, FIDONET (Tom Jennings), still widely used today (with 3 million subscribers).


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1983-88: MILNET, the military branch of the

internet, splits off from ARPA-INTERNET for

security purposes. In 1984, the National

Science Foundation starts NSFNET, and by

1990 it replaces the obsolete ARPANET

using the same “backbone” infrastructure.

1990: The Internet goes private, with a number of

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) being

created by business enterprises, most

notably AOL (America Online).


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1991: Working at CERN, a high-energy physics lab in Switzerland, Tim Berners-Lee creates the World Wide Web, which utilizes - Hypertext Markup Language (html), - Hypertext Transport Protocol (http), and - URLs (Uniform Resource Locators).

1993- : MOSAIC, the first “web browser”, is created at the Univ. of Illinois, which later becomes Netscape Navigator. Microsoft enters the market late in 1995 with their Internet Explorer browser.


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Evolution of the Internet In

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1945 1995

Memex

Conceived

1945

WWW

Created

1989

Mosaic

Created

1993

A

Mathematical

Theory of

Communication

1948

Packet

Switching

Invented

1964

Silicon

Chip

1958

First Vast

Computer

Network

Envisioned

1962

ARPANET

1969

TCP/IP

Created

1972

Internet

Named

and

Goes

TCP/IP

1984

Hypertext

Invented

1965

Age of

eCommerce

Begins

1995

Evolution of the Internet In

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1995 2010

Internet

Marketing

Began to Rise

1995

Facebook,

Flicker

Created

2004

Twitter

Created

2006

Google Beta

Launched

1998 Browser Wars

Netscape vs IE;

Flash Was

Introduced

1996

Internet

market

Crash

2000

Internet

Corporation

Merger,

Wikipedia

Created

2001

Napster was

Introduced;

26.4 million

users

worldwide

1999

Age of

Internet

Mobile

2009-2010 My Space,

Youtube

Created

2005

Internet Evolution • From Simple, But Significant Ideas Bigger Ones Grow

1940s to 1969

1945 1969

We can access

information using

electronic computers

We do it reliably with “bits”,

sending and receiving data

We can do it cheaply by using

Digital circuits etched in silicon.

We can accomplish a lot by having a

vast network of computers to use for

accessing information and exchanging ideas

We will prove that packet switching

works over a WAN.

Packet switching can be used to

send digitized data though

computer networks

Hypertext can be used to allow

rapid access to text data

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1970s to 1995

1970 1995

Ideas from

1940s to 1969

We need a protocol for Efficient

and Reliable transmission of

Packets over a WAN: TCP/IP

The ARPANET needs to convert to

a standard protocol and be renamed to

The Internet

Computers connected via the Internet can be used

more easily if hypertext links are enabled using HTML

and URLs: it‟s called World Wide Web

The World Wide Web is easier to use if we have a browser that

To browser web pages, running in a graphical user interface context.

Great efficiencies can be accomplished if we use

The Internet and the World Wide Web to conduct business.

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1995s to 2010

1995 2010

There are Approximately

73,500 Servers; WWW is

Generally Equated

with the Internet

The First Wiki, Flash Invented,

Amazon.com is Founded

Web 2.0

Cloud Computing, Pervasive Computing,

Ubiquitous Computing

Internet Mobile

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Internet Creation?

• The creation of the Internet solved the

following challenges: – Basically inventing digital networking as we know it

– Survivability of an infrastructure to send / receive high-

speed electronic messages

– Reliability of computer messaging

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Internet Creation?

• Tribute to the Internet Pioneers – The Internet we know and love today, would not exist

without the hard work of a lot of bright people.

– The technologies and standards they created make

today‟s Internet and World Wide Web possible.

– They deserve recognition and our gratitude for changing

the world with the Internet.

– In this presentation, we will identify and pay tribute to

several of the people who made the Internet and the

World Wide Web possible

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The Internet Pioneers • Vannevar Bush: Developer and Founder ARPANET

• Claude Shannon : Published a”A Mathematical Theory of Communication”

• J.C.R. Licklider: Developed the concepts that led to the idea of the Netizen.

• Paul Baran: Developed the field of packet switching networks while conducting

research at the historic RAND organization.

• Ted Nelson: Created Xanadu, was to be a world-wide electronic publishing system

• Leonard Kleinrock: Pioneers of digital network communications, and helped build

the early ARPANET.

• Lawrence Roberts: ARPANET program manager, and led the overall system design.

• Steve Crocker: Internet and computer security expert

• Jon Postel: Policeman of Internet Standards

• Vinton Cerf: Co-designer of the TCP/IP networking protocol

• Robert Khan: Co-designer of the TCP/IP networking protocol

• Christian Huitema: “Architect" in the "Windows Networking & Communications" group

• Brian Carpenter: Worked on the IPv6 Task Force

• Tim Berners-Lee: in 1989 he invented the World Wide Web

• Mark Andersen: Co Author Inventor of Mosaic- First Web Browser

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What Is WWW?

• WWW stands for World Wide Web – is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed

via the Internet;

– With a web browser, one can view web pages that may

contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and

navigate between them by using hyperlinks;

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Video/The Invention of the World Wide Web.flv

Internet Growth

• Iinternet statistics: – 1977: 111 hosts on Internet

– 1981: 213 hosts

– 1983: 562 hosts

– 1984: 1,000 hosts

– 1986: 5,000 hosts

– 1987: 10,000 hosts

– 1989: 100,000 hosts

– 1992: 1,000,000 hosts

– 2001: 150 – 175 million hosts

– 2002: over 200 million hosts

– By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet

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Internet Growth In

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A Brief History of

Communication

Th

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The Internet T

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The World Wide Web T

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The Internet Exploded T

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It Exploded in All Directions T

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….And Included Everyone T

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The Internet is Changing T

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The Internet is Changing How

We Live

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How Internet Change Our

Live?

• Interacting Each Other

• Communication

• Learning

• Travelling

• Business

• Government

• Entertainment, etc Th

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How Can We Explore The

Internet?

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Search Engine In

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Electronic Mail In

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Gmail

Yahoo!Mail

Hotmail

PlasaMail

Social Networking In

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Photo Sharing In

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Video Sharing In

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Online Chatting In

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Document Sharing In

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Online Storage In

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Online Collaboration In

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Blogging In

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Electronic Commerce In

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Internet Trend

• These are the list of internet trends

(Morgan Stanley Research, 2008): – Usage Patterns

– Social Networking

– Widget-ization + Component-ization

– Measurability + Transparency + Customer Satisfaction

– Video

– Monetization

– Mobile

– Emerging Markets

– Recession

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Internet Trend

• These are the list of internet trends

(Morgan Stanley Research, 2010): – Mobile Internet – Unprecedented Early Stage Growth

– Innovation – Unprecedented Intensity?

– Online Advertising – May Be Entering Golden Age,

Finally

– Online Commerce – Mobile Should Be Share Gain

Accelerator

– Communications – Share Shift to Sharing

– „Cloud Computing‟ – Consumer First, Enterprise Next

– Technology – What‟s Next…

– Beyond Technology – It‟s Complicated…

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Changes in Usage Pattern In

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• Social Networking Fast Growth – Low Penetration.


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• Next Generation Assets – YouTube + Facebook + Skype +

PayPal


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• Internet + Personal Sources = Most Importance Sources of

Information (Essence of a Social Network)


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• Social Networking – Connectivity Changing…Is E-Mail

Becoming Archaic?


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•Communications – Social Networking > Email

Usage…(Internet Trend, 2010)

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•iGoogle + Yahoo! Mobile

Widget-ization + Component-ization

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•The BBC! – @ www.bbc.com + Facebook + YouTube…



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•Media Time Spent vs. Ad Spend Still Out of Whack Internet /

Mobile (upside…) vs. Newspaper / Magazine / TV (downside…)

Online Advertising

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•Average Online CPMs = Still Well Below Other Media,

Illustrating Upside Potential

Online Advertising

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•Personalization + Targeting Improvements – Driving Material

Revenue

Measurability + Transparency +

Customer Satisfaction

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•Yahoo! Display + Home Page Growth Accelerating Showing

Online Targeting / Personalization Improving



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•Google Data Center



Video/Google Headquarter - Amazing Work Place 9_19_07.flv

Video/Inside A Google Data Center.flv

Video/Inside the Googleplex.flv

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Video

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Monetization

•US Internet Ad Spend = $288 Per Home vs. $818 for

Newspapers?

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Monetization

•Ad Inventory Monetization – Upside Potential Though Lots of

„New‟ Inventory (Social Networking + Video) to Process

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•Average Online CPMs = Still Well Below Other Media,

Illustrating Upside Potential

Monetization

introduce to internet1

Education