Introducing NeWork - Introducing NeWork - New Ways of Working for these New Ways of Working for these

uncertain timesuncertain times

Paul Wildman 06-09-2006 V7Paul Wildman 06-09-2006 V7

Brisbane NeWork GroupBrisbane NeWork Grouppaul@kalgrove.com paul@kalgrove.com

What are some of the What are some of the indicators of this change?indicators of this change?

1 1 First lets look at the Australian job market & growth in First lets look at the Australian job market & growth in creativity jobs- Now keep a close look at the early 1990’screativity jobs- Now keep a close look at the early 1990’s

2 Of late we’ve hear much about 2 Of late we’ve hear much about work|lifework|life conflict conflict3 Impact of Technological change3 Impact of Technological change4 We also have an 4 We also have an age quake age quake on our hands +on our hands +5 5 Global dislocationGlobal dislocation producing millions of refugees, producing millions of refugees, high high

levels of unemploymentlevels of unemployment all linked with globalsiation - the all linked with globalsiation - the UN view - then mix in theUN view - then mix in the

6 6 Baby boomersBaby boomers who want to commit to more than a just who want to commit to more than a just another boring old job - they want life long learning and another boring old job - they want life long learning and to make a differenceto make a difference

Full and Part Time Employment (trend 1990=100)) 1980-2000

120

100

80

60 1980 85 90 95 2000Source: P Wildman 9-02 drawn from Australian Treasury Reports

F/T

P/T

Male an Female Employment Rates (trend 1990=100)) 1980-2000

120

100

80

60 1980 85 90 95 2000Source: P Wildman 9-02 drawn from Australian Treasury Reports

Male

GDP

Male and Female Unemployment Rates (trend %) 1980-2000

%12

10

8

6

4

1980 85 90 95 2000Source: P Wildman 9-02 drawn from Australian Treasury Reports

Male

Female

Male and Female Unemployment Rates (trend %) 1980-2000

%12

10

8

6

4

1980 85 90 95 2000Source: P Wildman 9-02 drawn from Australian Treasury Reports

Male

Female

Small VÕs Big Organisations contribution to Employment (100,000) 1980-2000

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1980 85 90 95 2000Source: P Wildman 9-02 drawn from Aust Treasury Reports SB =<20 ee’s service & <100 ee’s manuf

Big

Small

Growth in Creativity EmploymentGrowth in Creativity Employment

2 Work | Life conflicts . .Costs..2 Work | Life conflicts . .Costs.. It is estimated that in 1997, work-life conflict in Canada It is estimated that in 1997, work-life conflict in Canada

cost organisations roughly $2.7 billion in lost time due to cost organisations roughly $2.7 billion in lost time due to work absences”. work absences”.

– – Duxbury, Higgins & Johnson, An examination of the Duxbury, Higgins & Johnson, An examination of the implications and costs of work-life conflict in Canada, implications and costs of work-life conflict in Canada, 1999.1999.

““57% (of respondents) considered achieving a balanced 57% (of respondents) considered achieving a balanced lifestyle and having a rewarding life outside work as their lifestyle and having a rewarding life outside work as their top priority in their future career”.top priority in their future career”.

– – PricewaterhouseCoopers International Student Survey, PricewaterhouseCoopers International Student Survey, May 1999, which surveyed 2500 students in 11 May 1999, which surveyed 2500 students in 11 countries.countries.

2 Work | Life conflicts - matter..2 Work | Life conflicts - matter..

72% of employers believe that work-life balance 72% of employers believe that work-life balance practices fostered good employment relations. practices fostered good employment relations. Many agreed that work-life balance practices Many agreed that work-life balance practices improved staff motivation / commitment (58%) improved staff motivation / commitment (58%) and helped lower labour turnover (52%), reduce and helped lower labour turnover (52%), reduce absenteeism (53%) and retain female absenteeism (53%) and retain female employees (51%)”. employees (51%)”.

Source: Work-Life Balance 2000: Results from the Source: Work-Life Balance 2000: Results from the Baseline Study, DfEE Research ReportBaseline Study, DfEE Research Report

3 Impact of Technological change?3 Impact of Technological change?

Even the basic calculations of Rifkin (1995) and Even the basic calculations of Rifkin (1995) and Gorz (1980) shows a global loss of 2/3rds of Gorz (1980) shows a global loss of 2/3rds of existing shop floor and associated ‘blue collar’ jobs existing shop floor and associated ‘blue collar’ jobs by 2025by 2025

This job loss is now extending into middle This job loss is now extending into middle management and touching professionals such as management and touching professionals such as doctors and pilotsdoctors and pilots

This argument maintains that on average for This argument maintains that on average for every 10 jobs made redundant by technology, every 10 jobs made redundant by technology, globalization or changing consumer preferences 1 globalization or changing consumer preferences 1 is created and usually the highly skilled is created and usually the highly skilled information sector.information sector.

4 AgeQuake - baby boomers on a 4 AgeQuake - baby boomers on a rollroll

With declining birth rates and longer life With declining birth rates and longer life expectancy Governments and Businesses expectancy Governments and Businesses are having to take the mature aged worker are having to take the mature aged worker more seriouslymore seriously

4 AgeQuake? StayaWake!4 AgeQuake? StayaWake!

While many of these changes will be positive—longer While many of these changes will be positive—longer life (by mid-century there will be over two million life (by mid-century there will be over two million centenarians compared with 150,000 today), centenarians compared with 150,000 today), healthier life styles, less childhood deaths, and falling healthier life styles, less childhood deaths, and falling numbers of young people (which means falling crime numbers of young people (which means falling crime rates)—others are not so positive. Who will pay for rates)—others are not so positive. Who will pay for the retirement benefits of the elderly? Over the next the retirement benefits of the elderly? Over the next thirty years the ratio of workers to pensioners in thirty years the ratio of workers to pensioners in industrialised nations will fall from the current 3 to 1 industrialised nations will fall from the current 3 to 1 to 1.5 to 1.to 1.5 to 1.

4 AgeQuake? StayaWake!4 AgeQuake? StayaWake!

How will societies stay rejuvenated with new ideas? How will societies stay rejuvenated with new ideas? Would we have had a personal computer revolution if Would we have had a personal computer revolution if youngsters like Steve Jobs were not there to challenge youngsters like Steve Jobs were not there to challenge authority and create new products? And what will authority and create new products? And what will happen when those purchasing stocks in the 1980’s and happen when those purchasing stocks in the 1980’s and 1990’s begin to sell them 20 years later to pay for their 1990’s begin to sell them 20 years later to pay for their retirement? There will be no age-cohort to purchase retirement? There will be no age-cohort to purchase them as the baby boomers currently have. Will we enter them as the baby boomers currently have. Will we enter a long term bear market and thus possibly a long term a long term bear market and thus possibly a long term economic depression?economic depression?

5 What the UN has to say..5 What the UN has to say... . The Director-General of the ILO, Juan Somavia points The Director-General of the ILO, Juan Somavia points

out that European countries have been clamping down out that European countries have been clamping down on illegal immigration that is fuelled by this failure as on illegal immigration that is fuelled by this failure as economic migrants from poorer countries seek a positive economic migrants from poorer countries seek a positive economic tomorrow for themselves and their families. economic tomorrow for themselves and their families. The ILO estimates that about 500 million new jobs will The ILO estimates that about 500 million new jobs will need to be created mainly in developing countries over need to be created mainly in developing countries over the next decade just to cope with the young people and the next decade just to cope with the young people and women entering the labour market. women entering the labour market.

Source: Tehran Times 5 August 2002 “Globalisation’s inability to Source: Tehran Times 5 August 2002 “Globalisation’s inability to create jobs fuels mass migration: ILO chief” Quoted in The Jobs create jobs fuels mass migration: ILO chief” Quoted in The Jobs Letter Letter http://http://www.jobsletter.org.nz/index.htmwww.jobsletter.org.nz/index.htm no 170 12-8-02 no 170 12-8-02 (adapted)(adapted)

5 Somavia: “No one is producing a scenario for the next decade based on the need to fill this yawning

deficit.”

Somavia: "Employment continuity and creation is an increasingly fragile yet important foundation for the social (fabric and its underpinning social) protection system”.

He is calling on public authorities to try to harness the potential of informal workers, community economies and small businesses to provide a better social safety net through job creation and minimum income schemes. He also calls for greater localized development initiatives as well as new ways of guaranteeing social protection and support for the informal economy as well as those with multiple jobs.

6 NeWork, Babyboomers & job 6 NeWork, Babyboomers & job commitmentcommitment

Today in Nework terms organisational Today in Nework terms organisational commitment is no longer about conformity, commitment is no longer about conformity, compliance and dedicated hard work, rather it is compliance and dedicated hard work, rather it is about organisational justice, responsible about organisational justice, responsible individually agency and lifestream mutualism. individually agency and lifestream mutualism.

. Lifestream refers to collective ways we manage . Lifestream refers to collective ways we manage life and worklife and work

No longer is 'work' the locus of authenticity with No longer is 'work' the locus of authenticity with other social and even family concerns taking other social and even family concerns taking second or third place rather life, home and work second or third place rather life, home and work are now loosely defined, negotiable and are now loosely defined, negotiable and coexistent. coexistent.

Where does NeWork come from?Where does NeWork come from?

NeWork as a concept originated in the 50’s in the US as NeWork as a concept originated in the 50’s in the US as part of a reaction to the devastation of Europe during part of a reaction to the devastation of Europe during WW2WW2

Bergmann as an Austrian youth saw this devastation, Bergmann as an Austrian youth saw this devastation, gained a US Army corps scholarship and has since gained a US Army corps scholarship and has since become an academic - philosopher - publishing on the become an academic - philosopher - publishing on the topic. His classic topic. His classic On Being FreeOn Being Free links NeWork to the self links NeWork to the self directed, ethical individual and thus freedom through directed, ethical individual and thus freedom through experiential learning. He set up the first American New experiential learning. He set up the first American New Work (as it is called there) Centre in Flynt Michigan in Work (as it is called there) Centre in Flynt Michigan in the late 50’sthe late 50’s

Since then the concept has moved to New Zealand as Since then the concept has moved to New Zealand as Nework in 2000 and Australia NeWork todayNework in 2000 and Australia NeWork today

What are some other pointers to What are some other pointers to the changes in our world of work?the changes in our world of work?

So far we have at the past ie our job marketSo far we have at the past ie our job market Next we looked at the present i.e. The UN and Next we looked at the present i.e. The UN and

the global refugee crisisthe global refugee crisis Then we looked at the coming age quakeThen we looked at the coming age quake Finally we looked at what commitment means to Finally we looked at what commitment means to

employees todayemployees today Now we look to the future and the predictions Now we look to the future and the predictions

about employment made over the past 20 years about employment made over the past 20 years Now as we look to the future lets start from the Now as we look to the future lets start from the

past - two hundred years ago…past - two hundred years ago…

The jobs future as an automated crankThe jobs future as an automated crank

As far back as 1819 the famous British economist David As far back as 1819 the famous British economist David Ricardo wrote that the amount of employment in an Ricardo wrote that the amount of employment in an economy was of no consequence, as long as rent and economy was of no consequence, as long as rent and profits, out of which flowed its new investment were profits, out of which flowed its new investment were undiminished. undiminished.

Indeed? Indeed? Replied Simonde de Sismondi a well-known Replied Simonde de Sismondi a well-known Swiss critic of the times, ‘Swiss critic of the times, ‘Wealth is everything? men are Wealth is everything? men are absolutely nothing? What? In truth then, there is nothing absolutely nothing? What? In truth then, there is nothing more needed than that the king, remaining alone on more needed than that the king, remaining alone on your island, by constantly turning a crank, might your island, by constantly turning a crank, might produce, through automata, all the output of England.produce, through automata, all the output of England.

% Employment 1980-2050[M+F; F/T Equiv; Western Industrialised world]

%90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1980 2000 2020 2040 2050Source: P Wildman 9-02 drawn from my research & the various authors indicated

Black (1985)

Gorz (1980)

Ravi Batra (1990)

Jim Dator (1987, 2000)

Simonde De Sismondi (1820)

Jeremy Rifkin (1995)

Wildman (1997)

My children were born here! I will be dead by here

My first grandchild was born here

We are here!

What then is NeWork about?What then is NeWork about?

Workstyle of worker (following slide)Workstyle of worker (following slide) Flexibility of employment/work by employerFlexibility of employment/work by employer Commitment (work, work organisation, work context, Commitment (work, work organisation, work context,

workplace, work position, workplace, work position, workerworker)between the two )between the two through the design of the worker interface with the through the design of the worker interface with the employer)employer)

Proactive (cp.reactive) adaptation to a low job futureProactive (cp.reactive) adaptation to a low job future Applicable to boomers and generation XApplicable to boomers and generation X

Components of a NeWork Workstyle

Source: P Wildman 28-9-01

Networking eg.NeWorker Lunches,Learning Circles

Family &Friends

Joint ProjectsEg. peg board,NeWork Centre

SkillsTraining

Social & Peer support:eg. mentoring, BAS,financial planning etc

Work Options: FT, PT,Self-emp, consultant,Volunteering, Service

NeWork

How do we make sense of all this?How do we make sense of all this? What we find today is that especially for mature aged What we find today is that especially for mature aged

workers this all adds up to what we call NeWorkworkers this all adds up to what we call NeWork NeWork is related, but different from, portfolio work, NeWork is related, but different from, portfolio work,

contingency work, free lancing and so forth.contingency work, free lancing and so forth. NeWork means managing your work style to include: NeWork means managing your work style to include:

working for some-one, working for yourself, consultancy, working for some-one, working for yourself, consultancy, gift work, service work, family and friends and hobbies.gift work, service work, family and friends and hobbies.

NeWork means having this accepted by us as a category NeWork means having this accepted by us as a category of social value and meaning as well as being recognised of social value and meaning as well as being recognised by Employers, Government, Community & Academicsby Employers, Government, Community & Academics

!NeWork = Work with Attitude!!NeWork = Work with Attitude! NeWorkers also have a different attitude to work. NeWorkers also have a different attitude to work.

We advocate extending the Work-Life Balance We advocate extending the Work-Life Balance notion to include:notion to include:

Commitment nowadays is about flexibility & Commitment nowadays is about flexibility & workstyle freedomworkstyle freedom

Participation, Accountability and Organisational Participation, Accountability and Organisational transparency transparency

Organisational ethics and personal integrityOrganisational ethics and personal integrity Service to the broader communityService to the broader community Learning orientedLearning oriented Blending responsibility, fexibility and autonomy Blending responsibility, fexibility and autonomy

NeWork an EEO issue!!NeWork an EEO issue!!

In short we have found that many well meaning In short we have found that many well meaning recruitment policies and job adverts discriminate recruitment policies and job adverts discriminate against older workers such that the do not even against older workers such that the do not even bother to apply.bother to apply.

The NZ EEO commission got 13 age The NZ EEO commission got 13 age discrimination complaints last year so they don’t discrimination complaints last year so they don’t consider it an issueconsider it an issue

NeWork discrimination is much broader than NeWork discrimination is much broader than Age onlyAge only

NeWork an EEO issue!!NeWork an EEO issue!!

There could be a statement that relates to There could be a statement that relates to differing patterns of work - and the quite different differing patterns of work - and the quite different employer /employee relationships ( just as employer /employee relationships ( just as reflects different sexual preferences etc) and the reflects different sexual preferences etc) and the need to harmonise supa/taxation processes need to harmonise supa/taxation processes between thembetween them

NeWork -NewAttitude from NeWork -NewAttitude from employers and government please!employers and government please!

The conventional attitude by Government and The conventional attitude by Government and Employers to the mature aged is that we are Employers to the mature aged is that we are Mature Obliging Dependable Employees Mature Obliging Dependable Employees (MODE) however this approach ill suites the new (MODE) however this approach ill suites the new paradigm of - NeWorker expectations and Low paradigm of - NeWorker expectations and Low Job Futures.Job Futures.

As NeWorkers we work towards acceptance of As NeWorkers we work towards acceptance of NeWork and moreNeWork and more

Babyboomers hope for this and moreBabyboomers hope for this and more Some Generation Xers - BB’s children - do too!!Some Generation Xers - BB’s children - do too!!