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EECS122 - UCB 1 TOC: Introduction Network Examples Network Components Ethernet Interconnected LANs Internetwork Types of Networks Internet Packets Transport

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Page 1: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 1

TOC: IntroductionNetwork ExamplesNetwork Components EthernetInterconnected LANsInternetworkTypes of NetworksInternetPacketsTransport

Page 2: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 2

Introduction: Network Examples

UCBBackbone: Teleglobe Global Crossing Williams

Regional: Palo AltoTypes of NetworksInternetPacketsTransport

Page 3: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 3

Network Examples: UCB

E1E2

E3

REGIONAL1st Floor Cory

2nd FloorCory

SODA

EVANS

BACKBONE

CAMPUS

LOCAL

Page 4: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 4

Network Examples: BackboneTeleglobe Communications Corporation – Fiber + Satellite

Page 5: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 5

Network Examples: BackboneGlobal Crossing Corporation

http://net.globalcrossing.com/network/net_pec.htm?bc=Network > Pan European Crossing
Page 6: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 6

Network Examples: BackboneWilliams Communications

http://www.williamscommunications.com/index.html
Page 7: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 7

Network Examples: RegionalPalo Alto Network

http://www.cpau.com/fiberservices/
Page 8: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 8

Introduction: Network Components

Links: carry bits from one place to another (or maybe to many other places)Interface: attaches device to linkSwitch/router: interconnect linksHost: communication endpoint (workstation, PDA, cell phone, toaster, tank) – connected to links

Page 9: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 9

Network Components: Links

Fibers

Cat5 UnshieldedTwisted Pairs

Coaxial Cable

Wireless

Page 10: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 10

Network Components: NIC

Ethernet Network Interface Card

http://www.worldfamous.com.tw/products/network/fn12-3w.htm
Page 11: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 11

Network ComponentsTelephone Switch Large Router

http://www.nortelnetworks.com/products/01/dms100/featureplan_2000.html
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/rt/12000/index.shtml
Page 12: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 12

Introduction: EthernetEthernet is a Local Area Network (LAN)

• Architecture: Switch and/or Hub

• System View: Services

Page 13: Introduction

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Ethernet: ArchitectureSwitch and/or Hub:

Page 14: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 14

Ethernet: System ViewEthernet is a broadcast-capable, multi-access LANProvides a “Link” service between nodes

Abstract view:

Page 15: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 15

Introduction: Interconnected LANsLANs interconnected by routers

LAN1

LAN2

LAN3Internet

R1R2

R3 R4

Page 16: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 16

Introduction: InternetworkProvides message delivery between multiple networks that may belong to different organizations:

Subnet 1Subnet 2

ISP 2ISP 1

Example: Subnet 1 = network of LANs of previous slideISP 1 = Sprint, ISP 2 = MCISubnet 2 = UCB network

Page 17: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 17

Introduction: Types of Network

Classification 1: Size, Information, Application

Classification 2: Use, Protocols, Technologies

Switching Broadcast vs. Switched Characteristics How to switch Taxonomy

Page 18: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 18

Types of Network: Classification 1

Geographical distance Local Area Networks (LAN): Ethernet, Token ring,

FDDI Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN): DQDB, SMDS Wide Area Networks (WAN): X.25, ATM, frame relay Caveat: LAN, MAN, WAN may mean different

things: Service, network technology, networks

Information type Data networks vs. telecommunication networks

Application type Special purpose networks: airline reservation

network, banking network, credit card network, telephony, CATV

General purpose network: Internet

Page 19: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 19

Types of Network: Classification 2

Right to usePrivate: enterprise networksPublic: telephony network, Internet

Protocols:Proprietary: SNA, AppleTalkOpen: IP

TechnologiesTerrestrial vs. satelliteWired vs. wireless

Page 20: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 20

Broadcast Network:

Types of Network: Broadcast vs. Switched

Switched Network:

Page 21: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 21

Broadcast One to all Examples: some LANs (Hub-Ethernet, 802.11) Problem: coordinate the access of all nodes to

the shared communication medium (Multiple Access Problem)

Switched One to subset Examples: WANs (Telephony Network, Internet) Problem: how to forward information to

intended node(s) This is done by special nodes (e.g., routers,

switches) running routing protocols

Types of Network: Characteristics

Page 22: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 22

Circuit-Switched: 1. Set up circuit between two devices2. Exchange information3. Release circuitPacket-Switched:

Send packets with source and destination addresses

Vircuit-Circuit Switched: Select path from source to destination (Virtual

Circuit) Assign a “label” to that path Send packets with that label Release Virtual Circuit

{Note: Some VCs are permanent.}

Types of Network: How to Switch?

Page 23: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 23

Based on the way in which the nodes exchange information:

Types of Network: Taxonomy

Switched Broadcast

Circuit PacketVirtualCircuit

Telephone MPLSATMFrame Relay

Sw.-EthernetInternet

Hub-EthernetCATV

Page 24: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 24

Introduction: The Internet Overview Scale

Page 25: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 25

Internet: Overview A global network of networks all using a common protocol (IP, the Internet Protocol) Focus of this class A challenge to understand: large scale (10’s of millions of users, 10’s

of thousands of networks) heterogeneity, irregular topology,

decentralized management

Page 26: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 26

Internet: Scale

• Data from www.nw.com

Page 27: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 27

Introduction: PacketsIllustrationMain Ideas

Page 28: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 28

Packets: Illustration

A

B

B → port 2

12

3A | B | ...

Page 29: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 29

Packets: Main IdeasThe switches have no memory of packets: scalabilityThe network is independent of the applications: flexibilityThe packet formats and addresses are independent of the technology: extensibility

Page 30: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 30

Introduction: Transport

Acknowledgments Link Sharing

Page 31: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 31

Transport: Acknowledgments

The destination sends back an acknowledgment for every correct packet it gets.The source uses these ACKs to- Retransmit unacknowledged packets- Adjust the rate of its transmissions.

Page 32: Introduction

EECS122 - UCB 32

Transport: Link SharingShared links

The sources base theirtransmissions on when they get acknowledgments.The scheme regulates the sharing of common links


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