introduction exercise physiology
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 1
Introduction To ExercisePhysiology
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What is Physical Activity?Body movement produced by muscle action that increasesenergy expenditure.
eg: activities of daily living such as shopping, gardening, housekeeping, child rearing, work-related activities, etc
What is Exercise?P lanned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful physical
activitye.g.: training for or performing athletics, sports, or recreational activities such as jogging, roller-blading, ice skating, swimming,etc.
H ow do you define Exercise?
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W hat is physical fitness?
M uscular strengthM uscular endurance
Flexibility
Body compositionCardiorespiratoryenduranceP ower
Agility
Attributes related to how well one performs physical activity.
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W hat is Exercise Physiology?D efinition: the study of how the body (cell,
tissue, organ, system) responds in function
and structure to (1) acute exercise stress,and (2) chronic physical activity. As an academic discipline:
1. Body of knowledge built on facts and theories derivedfrom research.
2. Formal course of study in institutions of higher learning3. P rofessional preparation of practitioners, future
investigators, and leaders in the field.
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F oundations of science: facts,
laws, and theories
W hat is areindependent and
dependentvariables?
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3- parts of the field of study in
Exercise Physiology
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Consider the physiological systems:Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nervous, Renal,
GI, Temperature Regulation, Endocrine,M uscle, Bone, Skin, Immune, M etabolismExercise tends to disturb homeostasis
Adaptations of physiological systems tend tominimize this disturbance
W hat is Exercise Physiology?
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W hat is Exercise Training?The repeated use of exercise to improvephysical fitness.
Adaptations to ExerciseAcute adaptationsThe changes in human physiology that occur during exercise or physical activity.
C hronic AdaptationsThe alterations in the structure and functions of the bodythat occur in response to the regular completion of physical activity and exercise.
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W hat does training do?P ermits adaptations within the physiologicalsystems to minimize the disturbance to
homeostasis resulting from exercise
This means exercise intensity can beincreased for a given distance or duration, or a
given intensity can be sustained longer
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W hy is Exercise Physiology relevantin understanding performance
capabilities?P hysiological determinants of performance
Rate at which energy can be transformedQuantity of energy which can be availableEnergy cost of performing a given task
Some athletic events are more relevantIndividual rather than team
Running, cycling, swimming, rowing, x-country ski
But the principles apply to all..Shouldnt all exercise science/H P E/ P T majors berequired to take an exercise physiology course?
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W hat is Clinical Exercise Physiology?
A sub-component of exercise physiology thatinvolves the application of exercise
physiology principles, knowledge and skillsfor purposes of the prevention, rehabilitationor diagnosis of disease or disability inhumans.
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A pplications of Exercise Physiology To Other Disciplines and Professions
Cardiology Applicationsy B iochemistry -metabolic ada tations to muscle contraction
and exercise trainingy Cardiology -diagnostics, rehabilitation, and prevention
-reversal of risk factors for heart diseasey E ndocrinology -rehabilitation of type II diabetesy N eurology -effects of exercise on the autonomic nervous
systemy N utrition -macro-nutrient & micro-nutrient needs
during exercise, and exercise trainingy
O rthopedics -effects of exercise on bone remodelingy P hysical T herapy -injury rehabilitation/preventiony P ulmonology -training/conditioning of muscles used in
ventilation
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W hat was the first exercise
physiology laboratory?George W ells Fitz
Helped establish theD ept. of Anatomy,P hysiology, andP hysical Training atHarvard University in1891.
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W hat was the first exercise
physiology laboratory?Harvard FatigueLaboratory
David Bruce
Dillestablished a fatigue
laboratory at HarvardUniversity, 1927Refocused his efforts
from biochemistry toexperimentalphysiology
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Professional Issues
American Society of Exercise Physiologists(ASEP)Founded in 1997; functions to accommodate theprofessional needs of exercise physiologists.http://www.css.edu/users/tboone2/asep.toc.htm
American C ollege of Sports Medicine (A C SM)Founded in 1954; functions to support and bring togetherall disciplines and professions interested in how exerciseaffects the human body.
http://www.acsm.org
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Professional Issues, contd.
N ational Strength & C onditioningAssociation ( N S C A)
Functions to promote the knowledge and skill competenciesof individuals who are interested in muscular strength andpower.
http://www.nsca-lift.org
American Physiological Society (APS)Functions to support the knowledge and research of allaspects of physiology.
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The Scientific Method
Observation Hypothesis
Revision
Experiment Theory
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R esearch continuum in scienceB asic research discovery of newknowledge, no concern for immediateapplication (e.g., design a new heartrate watch).T heoretical research fact finding (e.g.,
performing a study that looks at the riskfactors for heart disease).E mpirical research meaningfulrelationships, experience-relatedresearch. The purpose of this researchis to test a theory and possibly refine it(e.g., it was thought previously that 3days a week of exercise was sufficient,now it is recommended 3-5 days per week).A pplied research scientific endeavorsto solve specific problems. Found inmany scientific journals and magazinesthat apply a theory that was tested (e.g.,new training methods and schedules).
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W hat do exercise physiologists
do?EducatorsHealth center
Fitness center Rehabilitation center P hysical therapyP ersonal trainersM
anagers Athletic TrainersSports Therapy
EntrepreneursGovernmental agenciesM assage therapyO ccupational therapyNursingNutritionM edicine
Chiropractic