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INTRODUCTION

The main objective on this experiment is to design a simple lab bench experimental procedure to

optimize oil extraction from feed using a suitable solvent using batch solid-liquid extraction and

multiple solid-liquid extraction method.In this experiment,the solution is to extract is ethanol

while the solid used in nuts.The solid-liquid extraction is used as unit operation in chemical

industries.There is the specific process for solid-liquid extraction which called is as leaching

process.

Leaching is the process which inorganic, under the influence of mineral dissolution, desorption,

complexation processes as affected by pH, redox, dissolved organic matter and (micro)

biological activity,the organic contaminants or radio nuclides are released from the solid phase

into the water phase. The process itself is universal, as any material exposed to contact with

water will leach components from its surface or its interior depending on the porosity of the

material considered.

In order to makesure the rate of extraction is good, we have to consider 4 important

factor.First of all ,is about particle size The smaller the size, the greater is the interfacial area

between the solid and liquid, and therefore the higher is the rate of transfer of material and the

smaller is the distance the solute must diffuse within the solid as already indicated.. Particle size

influences the extraction rate in a number of ways. As the smaller the size, the greater is the

interfacial area between the solid and liquid, and therefore the higher is the rate of transfer of

material and the smaller is the distance the solute must diffuse within the solid as already

indicated.

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Secondly,the liquid that we have choosen must be selective solvent and it viscosity must be

low ,so that can circulate freely.Initially, pure solvent is used as the extraction proceeds the

concentration of solute will increase and the rate of extraction will decrease, first because the

concentration gradient will be reduced, and secondly because the solution will generally become

more viscous.

In this experiment,the temperature factor is important. The solubility of the material which is

being extracted will increase with temperature to give a higher rate of extraction. Finally is the

agitation of the fluid.

Agitation of the solvent is important because this increases the eddy diffusion and therefore

the transfer of material from the surface of the particles to the bulk of the solution, as discussed

in the following section. Further, agitation of suspensions of fine particles prevents

sedimentation and more effective use is made of the interfacial surface.