introduction - osha 10-hour and osha 30-hour online …€¦ · introduction •walking and ......

Introduction

• Walking and Working Surfaces/Ladders • Hazards, controls and requirements

associated with walking and working surfaces.

• Estimated time: 60 minutes • This course has been designed for the

training of employees and supervisors.

Introduction

• Objectives • Given current industry information regarding occupational injuries

and fatalities, and the OSHA requirements for protecting, and the necessity to protect employees from Slips, Trips & Falls (most important), the student will be able to recognize Slip, Trip & Fall hazards in the workplace.

– Specifically, the student will be able to: • 1: Identify major slip, trip and fall hazards • 2: Describe types of slip, trip and fall hazards • 3: Protect themselves from slip, trip and fall hazards

4: Recognize employer requirements to protect workers from slip, trip and fall hazards 5. Recognize the hazards and controls associated with all types of ladders

Introduction

• Applicable Regulations and Policies • OSHA

– General Industry Standards, Subpart D, Walking and Working Surfaces (includes ladders).

– Become familiar with regulations (federal and/or state) applicable to your operations.

– Visit Federal OSHA at: www.osha.gov

Tip: Take a look at the general requirements at the link shown: http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9714

Introduction

• References • OSHA General Industry Standards, 29 CFR

1910, Subpart D, Walking and Working Surfaces.

• Information from the OSHA Training Institute. Tip: There are several paragraphs to Subpart D. They include:

1910.21, Definitions 1910.22, General requirements 1910.23, Guarding floor and wall openings and holes 1910.24, Fixed industrial stairs 1910.25, Portable wood ladders 1910.26, Portable metal ladders 1910.27, Fixed ladders 1910.28, Safety requirements for scaffolding 1910.29, Manually propelled mobile ladder stands and scaffolds (towers) 1910.30, Other working surfaces

Introduction

• Standards • This presentation is not a substitute for any of the

provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by the U.S. Department of Labor, or for any applicable state or local requirements. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply any endorsement.

• This presentation is focused on the recognition and control of hazards, and not specifically on standards (although some of that information is included and applicable).

Introduction

• Hazards and Requirements [scroll with VO] • General Requirements

– Housekeeping – Aisles and Passageways – Covers and Guardrails – Floor Loading Protection

• Guarding Floor and Wall Openings and Holes – Definitions – Protection for Floor Openings – Protection of Open-Sided Floors, Platforms, and Runways – Stairway Railings and Guards

• Fixed Industrial Stairs • Safety Requirements for Scaffolding • Safety Requirements for Fixed and Portable Ladders • Manually Propelled Mobile Ladder Stands and Scaffolds (Towers) • Other Working Surfaces

Introduction

• Walking – Working Surfaces • Slips, Trips, and Falls:

– Majority of general industry accidents. – They cause 15% of all accidental deaths, and are

second only to motor vehicles as a cause of fatalities.

– The OSHA standards for walking and working surfaces apply to all permanent places of employment, except where domestic, mining, or agricultural work only is performed.

General Requirements

• Housekeeping • General requirements:

– All places of employment, passageways, storerooms, and service rooms shall be kept clean and orderly and in a sanitary condition.

– The floor of every workroom shall be maintained in a clean and, so far as possible, a dry condition. Where wet processes are used, drainage shall be maintained and gratings, mats, or raised platforms shall be provided.

– Every floor, working place and passageway shall be kept free from protruding nails, splinters, holes, or loose boards.

Tip: you might get some ideas on housekeeping by clicking on OSHA’s Housekeeping e-tool for healthcare facilities. Click on the link shown: http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/hospital/housekeeping/housekeeping.html


• Aisles and Passageways • Keep aisles and passageways clear and in good

repair with no obstruction across or in aisles that could create a hazard.

• Clearly mark permanent aisles and passageways. • Where mechanical handling equipment is used,

aisles must be sufficiently wide. Improper aisle widths coupled with poor housekeeping and vehicle traffic can cause injury to employees, damage the equipment and material, and can limit egress in emergencies.


• Covers and Guardrails • Provide covers and/or guardrails to protect

personnel from the hazards of open pits, tanks, vats, ditches, and the like.


• Floor Loading Protection • Clearly mark or post load rating limits with

permanent plates including mezzanines used for storage.

• Never overload any floor, mezzanine, or roof of a building or other structure, with a load greater than that for which the floor or roof is approved.

Floor/Wall Openings and Holes

• Floor/Wall Openings and Holes • Hazard:

– Floor openings and holes, wall openings and holes, and the open sides of platforms may create hazards. People may fall through the openings or over the sides to the level below.

– Objects, such as tools or parts, may fall through the holes and strike people or damage machinery on lower levels.


• Definitions • Floor hole. [An opening measuring less than 12 inches but more

than 1 inch in its least dimension, in any floor, platform, pavement or yard, through which materials but not persons may fall.] Floor opening. [An opening measuring 12 inches or more in its least dimension, in any floor, platform, pavement, or yard, through which persons may fall.] Platform. [A working space for persons, elevated above the surrounding floor or ground.] Wall hole. [An opening less than 30 inches but more than 1 inch high, of unrestricted width, in any wall or partition.] Wall opening. [An opening at least 30 inches high and 18 inches wide, in any wall or partition, through which persons may fall.]


• Protection for Floor Openings • Standard railings:

– All exposed sides of a stairway opening, except at the stairway entrance. For infrequently used stairways, where traffic across the opening prevents the use of a fixed standard railing, the guard shall consist of a hinged floor opening cover of standard strength and construction along with removable standard railings on all exposed sides, except at the stairway entrance.


• Protection for Floor Openings • A "standard railing" consists of top rail, mid rail, and

posts, and shall have a vertical height of 42 inches nominal from the upper surface of top rail to floor, platform, runway, or ramp level. Nominal height of mid rail is 21 inches.

• The top rail prevents workers from following over or through, the mid rail prevents workers from falling under the top rail.

• A "standard toeboard" is 4 inches nominal in vertical height, with not more than ¼ inch clearance above floor level (to prevent tools from being kicked off).

Safety Tip: Note: Finished 1x4 lumber is not 4” nominal.


• Protection for Floor Openings • Floor openings may be covered rather than

guarded with rails. When the floor opening cover is removed, a temporary guardrail shall be in place, or an attendant shall be stationed at the opening to warn personnel.


• Ladderway Floor Openings • Guard with a standard railing with

toeboard on all exposed sides (except entrance).

• Guard the passage through the railing with a swinging gate or offset it to prevent someone from walking into the opening.


• Floor Hole • Guard every floor hole into which persons can

accidentally walk by either: – A standard railing with toeboard, or – A floor hole cover of standard strength and construction

that leaves no openings more than 1 inch wide. • The cover shall be securely held in place to prevent

tools or materials from falling through. • While the cover is not in place, protect the floor hole by

a removable standard railing or post an attendant.


• Wall Openings • Opening at least 30 in. high and 18 in. wide, in a

wall or partition, through which persons may fall. • Wall openings from which there is a drop of more

than 4 feet must be guarded. • Guard using one of the following: rail, roller, picket

fence, half door, or equivalent barrier. • Where there is exposure below to falling materials,

a removable toe board or the equivalent must also be provided.


• Open-Sided Floors, Platforms, and Runways • One of the most frequently overlooked

requirements in walking-working surfaces is the requirement for standard railings for every open-sided floor or platform 4 feet or more above adjacent floor or ground level.

• Install on all open sides, except where there is an entrance to a ramp, stairway, or fixed ladder.


• Case Study - Conveyor • Now let’s consider a case study involving a

fatal accident related to a fall through a warehouse floor opening for a conveyor line.


• Case Study - Conveyor • contributing factors in the accident:

– Unguarded floor openings – Lack of safe work areas – Possible communication issues

Safety Tip: Of course, there is an OSHA requirement for guarding of skylights. It’s found in 1910.23(a)(4) Every skylight floor opening and hole shall be guarded by a standard skylight screen or a fixed standard railing on all exposed sides.


• Case Study • NIOSH recommendations:

– 1. Ensure that floor openings are guarded by standard railings or covers.

– 2. Establish safe work areas to ensure that work activities take place away from floor openings.

– 3. Ensure that warning devices incorporating bilingual and/or symbolic signage where appropriate are displayed in work areas with floor openings.

– 4. Consider installing sensing devices at approaches to floor openings which will activate automatic shutdown of conveyor lines when workers enter danger zones.

– 5. Ensure that bilingual workers comprehend instructions in safe work procedures.

Tip: Learn more about NIOSH case studies for falls by clicking on the link shown: http://www.cdc.gov/Niosh/injury/traumafall.html


• Open-Sided Floors, Platforms, and Runways • A toeboard is required wherever, beneath

the open sides: – Persons can pass, – There is moving machinery, or – There is equipment with which falling

materials could create a hazard.


• Open-Sided Floors, Platforms, and Runways • Regardless of height, a standard railing and

toeboard must be used to guard: – open-sided floors – walkways – platforms, or – runways

• above or adjacent to dangerous equipment, pickling or galvanizing tanks, degreasing units, and similar hazards.


• Runways • Every runway shall be guarded by a

standard railing, or the equivalent, on all sides 4 feet or more above floor or ground level. Wherever tools, machine parts, or materials are likely to be used on the runway, a toeboard shall also be provided on each exposed side.


• Case Study - Skylight • We’ve been discussing many requirements

related to floor and wall openings, but don’t forget that when working on a roof, you may be exposed to the same type of hazard. Let’s review a case study involving a fatal fall through an unguarded skylight.


• Case Study - Skylight • Prevent a recurrence of this accident

– Provide permanent protective covers, guards or screens for the skylights.

– Provide training to workers in the recognition and avoidance of hazards.

Stairway Railings and Guards

• Stairways • Every flight of stairs with four or more

risers shall have standard stair railings or standard handrails as specified below. Stair width is measured clear of all obstructions except handrails.


• Handrails and Stair Rails • On Stairways: • Less than 44 inches wide:

– Both sides enclosed: at least one handrail, preferably on the right side descending.

– One open side: at least one stair rail on the open side. – Both sides open, two stair rails, one for each side.

• From 44 – 88 inches wide: one handrail on each enclosed side and one stair rail on each open side.

• 88 inches or more: one handrail on each enclosed side, one stair rail on each open side, and one intermediate stair rail in the middle of the stairs.


• Stair Rails • A "standard stair railing" (stair rail) shall be

of construction similar to a standard railing, but the vertical height shall be not more than 34 inches nor less than 30 inches from the upper surface of the top rail to the surface of the tread in line with the face of the riser at the forward edge of the tread.


• Handrails • A "standard handrail" consists of a lengthwise

member mounted directly on a wall or partition by means of brackets attached to the lower side of the handrail in order to keep a smooth, unobstructed surface along the top and both sides of the handrail. They shall hold the rail 3 inches from the wall and be no more than 8 feet apart.


• Handrails • Height:

– Handrails should be 30-34 inches in height from the upper surface of the handrail to the surface of the tread in line with the face of the riser or to the surface of the ramp.


• Handrails • Winding stairs shall have a handrail that is

offset to prevent people from walking on any portion of the treads where the width is less than 6 inches.

Fixed Industrial Stairs

• Design and Construction • Fixed general industrial stairs include interior and

exterior stairs around machinery, tanks, and other equipment, and stairs leading to or from floors, platforms or pits.

• Not included are stairs used for fire exit purposes, to construction operations, to private residences, or to articulated stairs, such as may be installed on floating roof tanks, the angle of which changes with the rise and fall of the base support.

• Do you see a slip trip or fall hazard in the photo? Use your mouse to identify.


• Requirements • Fixed Industrial Stairs:

– required for access to and from places of work where operations necessitate regular travel between levels.

– strong enough to carry five times the normal anticipated live load.

Link: http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9716


• Requirements • Fixed stairways should:

– carry safely a moving concentrated load of 1000 pounds.

– have a minimum width of 22 inches. – be installed at angles to the horizontal of between

30o and 50o. • Vertical clearance above any stair tread to an

overhead obstruction shall be at least 7 feet measured from the leading edge of the tread.


• Inspection • Handrails and Stair rails:

A. Missing? B. Placement C. Smoothness of surface D. Strength E. Clearance between rail and wall or other object


• Inspection • Treads:

A. Strength B. Slip resistance C. Dimensions D. Evenness of surface E. Visibility of leading edge


• Inspection • Improper/inadequate design, construction or

location of staircases. • Wet, slippery, or damaged walking or grasping

surfaces. • Improper illumination...there is no general

OSHA standard for illumination levels. The Illuminating Engineering Society publications should be consulted for recommendations.

• Poor housekeeping


• Landings • The OSHA standards do not specify any exact

number or placement of landings. • The National Safety Council recommends

landings at every tenth or twelfth tread. • Intermediate landings and platforms on

stairways shall be no less than the stair width and a minimum of 30 inches in length measured in the direction of travel.

Scaffolding

• Scaffolding Requirements • General

– There are general safety requirements for the construction, operation, maintenance, and use of scaffolds used in the maintenance of buildings and structures.

– There are a number of different types of scaffolds available. No attempt will be made here to deal with every unit individually.

– It is important, however, to note some of the general requirements which apply to all scaffolds.

Scaffolding

• Scaffolding Requirements • Provide sound, rigid footings or anchorages for scaffolds

capable of carrying the maximum intended load without settling or displacement.

• Do not use unstable objects, such as barrels, boxes, loose brick, or concrete blocks to support scaffolds or planks.

• Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of supporting at least four times the maximum intended load.

• Maintain scaffolds in a safe condition and do not alter or move them horizontally while they are in use or occupied

Scaffolding

• Scaffolding Requirements • Immediately repair damaged or weakened scaffolds

and do not use until repairs have been completed. • A safe means must be provided to gain access to

the working platform level through the use of a ladder, ramp, etc.

• Overhead protection must be provided for personnel on a scaffold exposed to overhead hazards.

Scaffolding

• Scaffolding Requirements • Guardrails, midrails, and toeboards must be installed on

all open sides and ends of platforms more than 10 feet above the ground or floor. Wire mesh must be installed between the toeboard and the guardrail along the entire opening, where persons are required to work or pass under the scaffolds.

• Do not work on scaffolds during storms or high winds or when covered with ice or snow.

• As noted earlier, there are a number of scaffold types, and 1910.28 should be reviewed carefully for special requirements that apply to each type.

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/scaffolding/index.html

Mobile Work Platforms

• Mobile Work Platforms • Or, manually propelled mobile ladder stands

and scaffolds. – Design, construction, and use of mobile work

platforms (including ladder stands but not including aerial ladders) and rolling (mobile) scaffolds (towers).

– Wide variety of materials and design possibilities involved, and no attempt will be made to discuss detailed design criteria at this time.

Mobile Work Platforms

• General Requirements • General requirements include:

– Keep all exposed surfaces of mobile ladder stands and scaffolds free from sharp edges, burrs, or other safety hazards.

– Do not exceed a maximum work height four times the minimum base dimension unless outriggers, guys or braces are added to provide stability.

– Guardrails and toeboards are required for work levels 10 feet or more above the ground or floor.

– OSHA standard 1910.29 should be reviewed carefully for specific requirements.

Ladders

• Overview • Ladders present significant opportunities for falls,

whether fixed or portable. • Numerous OSHA regulations apply to the use of use

and design of ladders (see 29 CFR 1910.25 through 29 CFR 1910.27 for further information).

• For the purposes of this module, this content is focused on the safe use and safe design of fixed and portable ladders (although regulatory guidance is included).

Ladders

• ANSI approved • Training is required

– Initial prior to use – Retraining as necessary – Records of training

Tip: See ANSI A14.1 through ANSI 14.9 for more information.

Ladders

– Ladder System Types – Fixed ladder system: A ladder that is

permanently attached to a structure, building or equipment (must be caged if over 20 feet vertical).

– Self-supporting: A ladder that is capable of supporting it’s own weight (step ladder).

– Non-self supporting: A ladder that is not capable of standing without the support of another object (extension ladder).

Ladders

• Load Ratings • Portable ladders must be able to support 4

times the maximum intended load (or in some exceptions 3.3 times).

• Load limits are indicated by “Type”: IAA, IA, I, II, or III.

• Fixed ladders must be able to support at least two loads of 250 pounds each.

Ladders

• Ascending and Descending • Going up and down.

– Avoid using ladder in strong winds or inclement weather.

– Face the ladder. – 3-point climb – Use at least one hand at all times

to hold on to the ladder. – Keep your body between rails to maintain balance. – Do not shift ladder position while you are on it.

Ladders

• Ascending and Descending • Going up and down.

– Do not climb higher than the third rung from the top on a straight ladder.

– Do not climb higher than the second rung from the top on a stepladder.

– Rest whenever you become tired or disoriented.

Ladders

• Ladder Use • Tools and Equipment

– Use a tool belt to carry small tools. – Avoid handling any tools and/or equipment

that may cause you to lose your balance. – Use a hand line to raise and lower heavy or

large tools.

Portable Ladders

• Portable Ladders – Portable ladders introduce special hazards in

that they must be properly set-up and protected.

– Step ladders are common in high use areas and may be disturbed by passers-by.

– Extension ladders are typically utilized for above ground access and high reach areas.

– Each presents their own hazards.

Portable Ladders

• Step Ladders • As previously stated, step ladders are often

used in high traffic areas (e.g. hallways for replacement of lamps).

• Design standards have been established for step ladders that allow for safe usage.

Portable Ladders

• Ladder Hazards • Using a ladder not tall enough to do the job. • Using a ladder with a weight rating that is too

low. • Using a ladder with missing or broken parts. • Using a metal ladder near energized electrical

equipment. • Using ladders as a working platform. • Objects falling from ladders.

Portable Ladders

• Ladder Safety Training: Lesson Learned • Training is Required and Important!

– A technician narrowly escaped being killed and only suffered a broken ankle when he attempted to climb down an extension ladder after the ladder-rung clamps had been inadvertently disconnected.

Portable Ladders

• Ladder Safety Training: Lesson Learned • The Accident:

– An inspection team used an extension ladder to access roof of a building.

– While on roof, one of the workers checked to be sure that the ladder was securely footed and pulled up on it.

– In the process, he unknowingly disconnected ladder-rung clamps from "engaged" position.

Portable Ladders

• Ladder Safety Training: Lesson Learned • The Accident:

– After completing the inspection, the first worker stepped onto the ladder to climb down.

– The ladder telescoped downward under the weight of the worker and fell to the ground.

– The fall resulted in fractures to the ankle, which required surgery.

Portable Ladders

• Ladder Safety Training: Lesson Learned • What Was Learned?

– 1. Ladder had been erected per OSHA requirements, but security of ladder-rung clamps was unknowingly disengaged.

– 2. Ladder was placed in front of an exit door, door was locked to assure safety of those on roof.]

– 3. Ladder extended 3 feet above upper landing. – 4. Ladder's feet had been securely placed on walkway. – 5. When employee moved ladder to check its footing,

rung-clamps disengaged, unknown to employee, creating hazard.

Portable Ladders

• Ladder Safety Training: Lesson Learned • Recommended Actions

– Employees with opportunity to use ladders receive training about using ladders properly.

– Supervisors assure training includes instruction on proper inspection and correct use of all ladders used.

– Ladders that remain on job sites for future use stored securely, in a manner that protects them from damage and possibility of use by a person(s) untrained.

Portable Ladders

• Length • Never use ladders that are too short to safely

reach the desired/required height. • Keep in mind to allow an additional 3 feet of

length past the landing for extension ladders to allow for flexion and access.

• Never use the top or second rung of a step ladder as a step. Never climb on the rear of a step ladder.

Portable Ladders

• Ladder Material • Portable ladders are constructed of several

materials; the 3 most common are: – Wood. – Metal. – Fiberglass.

• Non-conductive (typically fiberglass) should be used around electricity.

Portable Ladders

• Ladder Material • Metal and Electricity – Three Deaths

– Employee installing gutters using an aluminum ladder.

– As he was setting up, he accidentally touched a power line with the aluminum ladder and was electrocuted.

Portable Ladders

• Ladder Material • Second death

– Worker set his metal ladder up resting on a metal downspout.

– On one corner of the roof, electrical lines had become frayed and made contact with metal downspout.

– At some point, worker became energized, fell and was pronounced dead at the scene.

Portable Ladders

• Ladder Material • Third death.

– Occurred as a 17 year old helper, assisting on a window shutter installation job was electrocuted. He had been doing this type of work for one month.

– The young man was climbing a metal ladder to hand an electric drill to journeyman installer on a scaffold about five feet above him.

– When victim reached third rung from bottom of ladder he received an electric shock that killed him.

Safety Tip: All three fatalities here involved the use of metal ladders. Do you think that they may have been prevented with the use of fiberglass (non-conductive) ladders?

Portable Ladders

• Ladder Material • OSHA fatality investigation.

– Investigation revealed that extension cord had a missing grounding prong and a conductor on green grounding wire was making intermittent contact with energizing black wire energizing the entire length of grounding wire and drill's frame. The drill was not double insulated.

– Electrical path flowed from the ungrounded drill through the young man’s body, through the metal ladder to the ground.

– OSHA issued multiple citations for violations of OSHA standards.

Portable Ladders

• Step Ladders • Set Up:

– Inspect the ladder. – Check for overhead and power lines. – Guard from all traffic. – Lock or block doors. – Rest the ladder on a solid, level surface. – Fully open and lock the spreaders.

Portable Ladders

• Extension Ladders – While all of the previous information still

applies, extension ladders present more unique safety hazards. • Extension to 36” above the support point. • Tie off as close to upper support as possible. • Adherence to the 4:1 rule (for every 4 feet of

vertical height the ladder is on foot way from the vertical support).

Portable Ladders

• Case Study – Extension Ladder • Failure to tie off

– Failure to tie off, block or otherwise protect portable ladders from displacement is one of the top causes for employee fatalities and OSHA violations. Let’s review a real incident in which a seasoned employee, a foreman lost his life from failure to tie off.

Tip: The most recent accident statistics suggest that the working men and women in America abuse and misuse ladders in the workplace as a rule rather than an exception.

Portable Ladders

• Case Study – Extension Ladder • Let’s review a fatal accident involving an

extension ladder.

Portable Ladders

• Case Study – Extension Ladder • The case study indicated that OSHA cited

the employer for not ensuring that Portable ladders shall be tied, blocked, or otherwise secured to prevent displacement. OSHA could have also cited: – Failure to properly train employees in the

proper use of ladders.

Fixed Ladders

• Fixed Ladders • Fixed ladders over 20ft. in length.

– Should be provided with ladder safety systems such as: • Cage or guard. • Wells. • Ladder safety devices. • Self retracting lifeline.

Fixed Ladders

• Climbing: Are You Ready? • To Climb

– If you have a fear of heights don’t climb the ladder.

– Wear slip resistant footwear with notched heels. – Remove oil, grease and other slippery substances

from your hands, shoes, and ladder rungs. – Be aware of jewelry or anything else that may

catch on the ladder.

Safe Work With Ladders

• Ladder Use • DOs and Don’ts

– Allow only one person on a portable ladder at a time.

– Do not allow others to work under a ladder that is in use.

– Do not leave an erected ladder unattended. – Never use a stepladder as a straight ladder.


• Ladder Use • DOs and Don’ts

– If you are using a fixed ladder >20ft. without a cage or guard, you must wear fall protection.

– Never attempt to move, shift, or extend a ladder while it is in use.

– Have another employee secure the ladder by holding it, when possible.


• Inspection • Always inspect ladders prior to use:

– Frequently (prior to each use). – Periodically. – Per manufacturers recommendations.


• Lesson Learned - Inspection • Accident summary

– A laborer was seriously injured when he fell 25 feet from an extension ladder to ground.

– Victim was using ladder to access scaffolding located 30 feet above ground.


• Lesson Learned - Inspection • Accident summary

– As victim approached scaffolding platform the upper section of extension ladder malfunctioned, disengaged and slipped down 1 to 2 feet into the base section.

– Ladder’s movement caused the victim to lose his balance and fall.

– Victim suffered a fractured left leg and fractured wrist.


• Lesson Learned - Inspection • Recommendations after investigation.

– Personnel should inspect the work area and equipment prior to beginning work.

– Maintain equipment and use it in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and specifications.


• Pre-Use Inspections • Fixed Ladders, also check:

– Loose or missing cleats. – Damaged or corroded parts of cage. – Loose or broken anchoring. – Damage to fixed rungs on brick or concrete walls. – Base is free of clutter. – The area around the top and bottom of ladders

shall is kept clear.


• Lesson Learned –Fatal Fall • Incident Summary

– Maintenance technician died of injuries sustained after he fell approximately eight feet.

– Victim and coworker were preparing to modify chemical lines in a food process equipment room.

– A fixed stainless steel ladder was fastened to the end of a catwalk to provide access to the chemical lines.

– A stainless steel pipe was mounted horizontally near ceiling of room. 40 inches above surface of catwalk and 16 inches out or away from top of ladder.


• Lesson Learned –Fatal Fall • Incident Summary

– Coworker briefly left the room while victim climbed ladder to access catwalk.

– When victim neared top of ladder, he apparently struck his head on stainless steel pipe mounted overhead.

– Collision with pipe caused him to fall to base of ladder where he fell backward and sustained an injury to back of his head.

– Coworker reentered room and found victim. – The victim later died from his injuries.


• Lesson Learned –Fatal Fall • Investigation and Corrective Actions

– Ensure fixed ladders are designed and built in accordance with established safety standards and regulations.

– Whenever possible, provide stairs instead of ladders as a means of access to elevated work platforms.

– Ensure employees wear appropriate head protection. – Ensure elevated platforms equipped with guardrails.

Other Working Surfaces

• Portable Dockboards • Also known as bridge plates:

– Shall be secured in position, either by being anchored or equipped with devices which will prevent their slipping.

– Movement of the dockboard during material handling operations has resulted in forklifts overturning, or falling off the dock, often with serious injury or death to the driver and damage to equipment and material. Safety Tip: Load-locks for trucks and/or tire chocks are required to

eliminate movement of the trailer being loaded or unloaded.

Other Working Surfaces

• Portable Dockboards • A major contribution to accident

experience comes from material handling. • Handholds shall be provided on portable

dockboards to permit safe handling when the dockboard must be repositioned or relocated.

Employer Obligations

• Prevention of Slips, Trips and Falls – Numerous regulations apply

• Walking Working Surfaces 1910.22; • Guarding Floor and Wall Openings and Holes

1910.23; • Portable Wood Ladders 1910. 25; • Portable Metal Ladders 1910.25; • Fixed Ladders 1910.27

Employer Obligations

• General duty clause - OSHA 5(a)(1) – "Each employer shall furnish to each of his

employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees.“

– Employer must furnish a workplace free of slip, trip and fall hazards, and to provide a means of correcting them when they become evident.

Summary

• Summary • General Requirements

– Housekeeping – Aisles and Passageways – Covers and Guardrails – Floor Loading Protection

• Guarding Floor and Wall Openings and Holes – Definitions – Protection for Floor Openings – Protection of Open-Sided Floors, Platforms, and Runways – Stairway Railings and Guards

• Fixed Industrial Stairs • Safety Requirements for Scaffolding • Manually Propelled Mobile Ladder Stands and Scaffolds (Towers) • Fixed and Portable Ladders • Other Working Surfaces

Summary

• Summary • Be sure to become familiar with the OSHA

standards applying to this subject, including any state or local requirements that may exist for your operations. And remember that YOUR safety depends on YOU and not on regulations! Understand why the regulations exist but more importantly why they may or may not be sufficient.

introduction - osha 10-hour and osha 30-hour online …€¦ · introduction •walking and ......

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