introduction - setha.ppt

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Introduction toIntroduction to

EmbeddedEmbeddedSystemsSystems



2

ObjectivesObjectives

• Introduction to embedded systemsIntroduction to embedded systems

• Embedded system componentsEmbedded system components

• HardwareHardware• SoftwareSoftware

• Embedded system programmingEmbedded system programming

• Hardware Description Language (HDLHardware Description Language (HDL

Introduction to Embedded Systems Introduction to Embedded Systems Setha Pan-ngum Setha Pan-ngum



!

"ontents"ontents

• Introduction to embedded systemsIntroduction to embedded systems

• Software engineeringSoftware engineering

• "omputer arc#itecture"omputer arc#itecture• Operating systemsOperating systems

• Digita$ systemsDigita$ systems

• %rogramming practice%rogramming practice

• &#eory for practica$ wor's&#eory for practica$ wor's




"ontents"ontents

• Lab) Software programming too$sLab) Software programming too$s

• Introduction to #ardware syst#esisIntroduction to #ardware syst#esis

• Lab) E*terna$ interfaceLab) E*terna$ interface




+ Introduction to Embedded Systems Introduction to Embedded Systems Setha Pan-ngum Setha Pan-ngum

,- .i$$iams "sci/!!01 Spring 22 2

.ire$ess "ommunications

Hand/#e$d 3%S 4nits

&e$ematics System for 5utomobi$es

S$ide credit , .i$$iams1 3.4S$ide credit , .i$$iams1 3.4



6 Introduction to Embedded Systems Introduction to Embedded Systems Setha Pan-ngum Setha Pan-ngum


7obotics "ontro$

Spider robot 8 constructed wit# LE3O 9indstorms "omponents

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9ore e*amp$es9ore e*amp$es




Smart &oys



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DefinitionDefinition

== Any sort of device which includes a Any sort of device which includes a

programmable computer but itself is notprogrammable computer but itself is not

intended to be a general-purposeintended to be a general-purpose

computer computer >> Wayne Wolf Wayne Wolf




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DefinitionDefinition

S$ide credit % ?oopman1 "94S$ide credit % ?oopman1 "94




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Embedded systems overviewEmbedded systems overview

"omputing systems are everyw#ere"omputing systems are everyw#ere

9ost of us t#in' of =des'top> computers9ost of us t#in' of =des'top> computers 8 %"@s%"@s

8 LaptopsLaptops 8 9ainframes9ainframes

8 ServersServers

Aut t#ere@s anot#er type of computing systemAut t#ere@s anot#er type of computing system

8 Bar more common---Bar more common---

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Embedded systems overviewEmbedded systems overview

Embedded computing systemsEmbedded computing systems 8 "omputing systems embedded"omputing systems embedded

wit#in e$ectronic deviceswit#in e$ectronic devices

8 Hard to define- Cear$y anyHard to define- Cear$y anycomputing system ot#er t#an acomputing system ot#er t#an ades'top computer des'top computer

8 Ai$$ions of units produced year$y1Ai$$ions of units produced year$y1versus mi$$ions of des'top unitsversus mi$$ions of des'top units

8 %er#aps + per #ouse#o$d and per%er#aps + per #ouse#o$d and perautomobi$eautomobi$e

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"omputers are in #ere---

and #ere---

and even #ere---

Lots more of t#ese1

t#oug# t#ey cost a $ot

$ess eac#-




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5 =s#ort $ist> of embedded5 =s#ort $ist> of embedded

systemssystems

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5nti/$oc' bra'es5uto/focus cameras

5utomatic te$$er mac#ines

5utomatic to$$ systems

5utomatic transmission

5vionic systems

Aattery c#argers

"amcorders

"e$$ p#ones

"e$$/p#one base stations

"ord$ess p#ones

"ruise contro$

"urbside c#ec'/in systems

Digita$ cameras

Dis' drives

E$ectronic card readers

E$ectronic instruments

E$ectronic toysgames

Bactory contro$

Ba* mac#ines

Bingerprint identifiers

Home security systemsLife/support systems

9edica$ testing systems

9odems9%E3 decoders

Cetwor' cards

Cetwor' switc#esrouters

On/board navigation

%agers

%#otocopiers

%oint/of/sa$e systems

%ortab$e video games

%rinters

Sate$$ite p#ones

Scanners

Smart ovensdis#was#ers

Speec# recogniers

Stereo systems

&e$econferencing systems

&e$evisions

&emperature contro$$ers

&#eft trac'ing systems

&F set/top bo*es

F"7@s1 DFD p$ayers

Fideo game conso$esFideo p#ones

.as#ers and dryers




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How many do we useGHow many do we useG 5verage midd$e/c$ass 5merican #ome #as to +5verage midd$e/c$ass 5merican #ome #as to +

embedded processors in itembedded processors in it 8 9icrowave1 was#er1 dryer1 dis#was#er1 &F1 F"719icrowave1 was#er1 dryer1 dis#was#er1 &F1 F"71

stereo1 #air dryer1 coffee ma'er1 remote contro$1stereo1 #air dryer1 coffee ma'er1 remote contro$1

#umidifier1 #eater1 toys1 etc-#umidifier1 #eater1 toys1 etc-

Lu*ury cars #ave over 6 embedded processorsLu*ury cars #ave over 6 embedded processors 8 Ara'es1 steering1 windows1 $oc's1 ignition1 das#boardAra'es1 steering1 windows1 $oc's1 ignition1 das#board

disp$ays1 transmission1 mirrors1 etc-disp$ays1 transmission1 mirrors1 etc-

%ersona$ computers #ave over < embedded%ersona$ computers #ave over < embedded

processors processors 8 3rap#ics acce$erator1 mouse1 'eyboard1 #ard/drive1 "D/3rap#ics acce$erator1 mouse1 'eyboard1 #ard/drive1 "D/

7O91 bus interface1 networ' card1 etc-7O91 bus interface1 networ' card1 etc-- %ie Schulte- %ie Schulte




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Embedded Systems Embedded Systems ระบบระบบฝ งต วฝ งต ว

ค ดถ งคอมพ วเตอร พ ซ เราน กถ ง ค ดถ งคอมพ วเตอร พ ซ เราน กถ ง 8 %rocessor %rocessor 11 "$oc' speed"$oc' speed11 7O97597O9759

พดถ งเคร องใช ไฟฟ าท วไ เราน กถ งพดถ งเคร องใช ไฟฟ าท วไ เราน กถ งท วท ว // !นาด"อ!นาด"อ11 เทค#น#$% การ&า%'าพเทค#น#$% การ&า%'าพ เคร องซ ก( า เคร องซ ก( า // !นาดความ")!นาดความ")11 ระบบซ กระบบซ ก

*อร

*อร //

A&4A&4

$ ก+,ะการตดต ง$ ก+,ะการต ดต ง #ทร- พท ม อถอ #ทร- พท ม อถ อ // "อ ก$ อง ฟ งก ช น "อ ก$ อง ฟ งก ช น

รถ%นต รถ%นต // !นาดเคร อง%นต .มรรถนะ!นาดเคร อง%นต .มรรถนะ




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&ypes of Embedded Systems&ypes of Embedded Systems

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&ypes of Embedded Systems&ypes of Embedded Systems

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2

&ypica$ Embedded Systems&ypica$ Embedded Systems

5re designed to observed (t#roug# sensors5re designed to observed (t#roug# sensors

and contro$ somet#ing (t#roug# actuatorsand contro$ somet#ing (t#roug# actuators

E-g- air condition senses room temperature andE-g- air condition senses room temperature and

maintains it at set temperature via t#ermostat-maintains it at set temperature via t#ermostat-




2<

Embedded System A$oc' DiagramEmbedded System A$oc' Diagram



%rocessor

mem

Observe(Input

"ontro$(Output 9otorLig#t

&emperature

Sensor

SystemAus



22

%rocessors%rocessors

9icroprocessors for %"s9icroprocessors for %"s

Embedded processors or 9icrocontro$$ersEmbedded processors or 9icrocontro$$ers

for embedded systemsfor embedded systems 8 Often wit# $ower c$oc' speedsOften wit# $ower c$oc' speeds

8 Integrated wit# memory andIntegrated wit# memory and

8 IO devices e-g- 5D D5 %.9 "5CIO devices e-g- 5D D5 %.9 "5C

8 Hig#er environmenta$ specsHig#er environmenta$ specs




2!

9icrocontro$$ers dominates processor mar'et9icrocontro$$ers dominates processor mar'et




2

&#ere are so many microcontro$$ers in t#e&#ere are so many microcontro$$ers in t#e

wor$dwor$d




2+

&ypes of Embedded %rocessors&ypes of Embedded %rocessors "omputationa$ micros (!2/ or 6/bit datapat#s"omputationa$ micros (!2/ or 6/bit datapat#s

8 "%4 of wor'stations1 %"s1 or #ig#/end portab$e devices (%D5s"%4 of wor'stations1 %"s1 or #ig#/end portab$e devices (%D5s

8 *;61 %5/7IS"1 %ower%"1 S%57"1 etc-*;61 %5/7IS"1 %ower%"1 S%57"1 etc-

Embedded genera$ purpose micros (!2/bit datapat#sEmbedded genera$ purpose micros (!2/bit datapat#s

8 Designed for a wide range of embedded app$icationsDesigned for a wide range of embedded app$ications

8 Often sca$ed/down version of computationa$ microsOften sca$ed/down version of computationa$ micros

8 5791 %ower%"1 9I%S1 *;61 6;?1 etc-5791 %ower%"1 9I%S1 *;61 6;?1 etc-

9icrocontro$$ers (/1 ;/1 or <6/bit datapat#s9icrocontro$$ers (/1 ;/1 or <6/bit datapat#s

8 Integrate processing unit1 memory1 IO buses1 and perip#era$sIntegrate processing unit1 memory1 IO buses1 and perip#era$s

8 Often $ow/cost1 #ig#/vo$ume devicesOften $ow/cost1 #ig#/vo$ume devices

Domain/specific processors (datapat# sie varies great$yDomain/specific processors (datapat# sie varies great$y 8 Designed for a particu$ar app$ication domainDesigned for a particu$ar app$ication domain

8 Digita$ signa$ processors1 mu$timedia processors1 grap#icsDigita$ signa$ processors1 mu$timedia processors1 grap#ics

processors1 networ' processors1 security processors1 etc- processors1 networ' processors1 security processors1 etc-Slide credit - %ie SchulteSlide credit - %ie Schulte




26

%rocessor Sa$es Data%rocessor Sa$es Data

Slide credit - %ie SchulteSlide credit - %ie Schulte




2:

%rocessor 9ar'et%rocessor 9ar'et

2< processor mar'et by vo$ume)2< processor mar'et by vo$ume)

8 "omputationa$ micros) 2"omputationa$ micros) 2 8 Embedded genera$/purpose micros) <<Embedded genera$/purpose micros) <<

8 DS%s) <DS%s) <

8 9icrocontro$$ers) ;9icrocontro$$ers) ;

2< processor mar'et by revenue)2< processor mar'et by revenue) 8 "omputationa$ micros) +<"omputationa$ micros) +<

8 Embedded genera$/purpose micros) ;Embedded genera$/purpose micros) ;

8 DS%s) <!DS%s) <!

8 9icrocontro$$ers) 2;9icrocontro$$ers) 2; Hig#er growt# e*pected for embedded micros1 DS%s1 andHig#er growt# e*pected for embedded micros1 DS%s1 and

microcontro$$ersmicrocontro$$ersSlide credit - %ie SchulteSlide credit - %ie Schulte




2;

3rowing Demand3rowing Demand

EmbeddedEmbedded processors account processors account

forfor

8 Over 0: of tota$Over 0: of tota$

processors so$d processors so$d

8 Over 6 of tota$Over 6 of tota$

sa$es from processorssa$es from processors

Sa$es e*pected toSa$es e*pected to

increase by roug#$yincrease by roug#$y

<+ eac# year <+ eac# year Slide credit - %ie SchulteSlide credit - %ie Schulte




20

9oore@s Law9oore@s Law

Slide credit W /ornaciariSlide credit W /ornaciari




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Cumber of &ransistors on "#ips Cumber of &ransistors on "#ips

Slide credit 0 Gi"argisSlide credit 0 Gi"argis




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3rap#ica$ i$$ustration of 9oore@s $aw

<0;< <0; <0;: <00 <00! <006 <000 22

1eading edge

chi# in 2342

<1

transistors

1eading edge

chi# in

<+11

transistors



!2

Some common c#aracteristics of embeddedSome common c#aracteristics of embedded

systemssystems

Sing$e/functionedSing$e/functioned 8 E*ecutes a sing$e program1 repeated$yE*ecutes a sing$e program1 repeated$y

&ig#t$y/constrained&ig#t$y/constrained 8 Low cost1 $ow power1 sma$$1 fast1 etc-Low cost1 $ow power1 sma$$1 fast1 etc-

7eactive and rea$/time7eactive and rea$/time 8 "ontinua$$y reacts to c#anges in t#e system@s"ontinua$$y reacts to c#anges in t#e system@s

environmentenvironment

8 9ust compute certain resu$ts in rea$/time9ust compute certain resu$ts in rea$/timewit#out de$aywit#out de$ay





!!

"#aracteristics of Embedded Systems"#aracteristics of Embedded Systems 5pp$ication/specific functiona$ity 8 specia$ied for one or one5pp$ication/specific functiona$ity 8 specia$ied for one or one

c$ass of app$icationsc$ass of app$ications Dead$ine constrained operation 8 system may #ave to performDead$ine constrained operation 8 system may #ave to perform

its function(s wit#in specific time periods to ac#ieve successfu$its function(s wit#in specific time periods to ac#ieve successfu$

resu$tsresu$ts

7esource c#a$$enged 8 systems typica$$y are configured wit# a7esource c#a$$enged 8 systems typica$$y are configured wit# a

modest set of resources to meet t#e performance objectivesmodest set of resources to meet t#e performance objectives

%ower efficient 8 many systems are battery/powered and must%ower efficient 8 many systems are battery/powered and must

conserve power to ma*imie t#e usab$e $ife of t#e system-conserve power to ma*imie t#e usab$e $ife of t#e system-

Borm factor 8 many systems are $ig#t weig#t and $ow vo$ume toBorm factor 8 many systems are $ig#t weig#t and $ow vo$ume to

be used as components in #ost systems be used as components in #ost systems 9anufacturab$e 8 usua$$y sma$$ and ine*pensive to manufacture9anufacturab$e 8 usua$$y sma$$ and ine*pensive to manufacture

based on t#e sie and $ow comp$e*ity of t#e #ardware- based on t#e sie and $ow comp$e*ity of t#e #ardware-

Slide credit Y William, GWU Slide credit Y William, GWU


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Design wit# focus on 5pp$icationDesign wit# focus on 5pp$ication





!+

Design "onstraintsDesign "onstraints





!6

Design "#a$$engesDesign "#a$$enges

Does it rea$$y wor'GDoes it rea$$y wor'G 8 Is t#e specification correctGIs t#e specification correctG

8 Does t#e imp$ementation meet t#e specGDoes t#e imp$ementation meet t#e specG

8 How do we test for rea$/time c#aracteristicsGHow do we test for rea$/time c#aracteristicsG

8 How do we test on rea$ dataGHow do we test on rea$ dataG How do we wor' on t#e systemGHow do we wor' on t#e systemG

8 Observabi$ity1 contro$$abi$ityGObservabi$ity1 contro$$abi$ityG

8 .#at is our deve$opment p$atformG.#at is our deve$opment p$atformGSlide credit P Koo#man, $%U Slide credit P Koo#man, $%U

More importantly – optimising designMore importantly – optimising design

metrics!!metrics!!




!:

Design 9etricsDesign 9etrics

• "ommon metrics"ommon metrics

• 4nit cost)4nit cost) t#e monetary cost of manufacturing eac# copy oft#e monetary cost of manufacturing eac# copy of

t#e system1 e*c$uding C7E costt#e system1 e*c$uding C7E cost

• C7E cost (Con/7ecurring Engineering cost) C7E cost (Con/7ecurring Engineering cost)&#e one/time monetary cost of designing t#e system&#e one/time monetary cost of designing t#e system

• Sie)Sie) t#e p#ysica$ space reJuired by t#e systemt#e p#ysica$ space reJuired by t#e system

• %erformance)%erformance) t#e e*ecution time or t#roug#put of t#e systemt#e e*ecution time or t#roug#put of t#e system

• %ower)%ower) t#e amount of power consumed by t#e systemt#e amount of power consumed by t#e system

• B$e*ibi$ity)B$e*ibi$ity) t#e abi$ity to c#ange t#e functiona$ity of t#et#e abi$ity to c#ange t#e functiona$ity of t#e

system wit#out incurring #eavy C7E costsystem wit#out incurring #eavy C7E cost

Slide credit &ahid'Gi"argis, Embedded Systems (esign) ! Uni*ied +ardware'So*tware IntroductionSlide credit &ahid'Gi"argis, Embedded Systems (esign) ! Uni*ied +ardware'So*tware Introduction




!;

Design 9etricsDesign 9etrics

• "ommon metrics (continued"ommon metrics (continued

• &ime/to/prototype)&ime/to/prototype) t#e time needed to bui$d a wor'ingt#e time needed to bui$d a wor'ing

version of t#e systemversion of t#e system

• &ime/to/mar'et)&ime/to/mar'et) t#e time reJuired to deve$op a system tot#e time reJuired to deve$op a system tot#e point t#at it can be re$eased and so$d to customerst#e point t#at it can be re$eased and so$d to customers

• 9aintainabi$ity)9aintainabi$ity) t#e abi$ity to modify t#e system after itst#e abi$ity to modify t#e system after its

initia$ re$easeinitia$ re$ease

• "orrectness1 safety1 many more"orrectness1 safety1 many more

Slide credit &ahid'Gi"argis, Embedded Systems (esign) ! Uni*ied +ardware'So*tware IntroductionSlide credit &ahid'Gi"argis, Embedded Systems (esign) ! Uni*ied +ardware'So*tware Introduction




!0

&rade/off in Design 9etrics&rade/off in Design 9etrics

E*pertise wit# bot#E*pertise wit# bot#software and hardwaresoftware and hardware

is needed to optimieis needed to optimie

design metricsdesign metrics

8 Cot just a #ardware or Cot just a #ardware or

software e*pert1 as issoftware e*pert1 as is

commoncommon

8 5 designer must be5 designer must be

comfortab$e wit# variouscomfortab$e wit# various

tec#no$ogies in order totec#no$ogies in order to

c#oose t#e best for a givenc#oose t#e best for a givenapp$ication and constraintsapp$ication and constraints

Slide credit &ahid'Gi"argis, Embedded Systems (esign)Slide credit &ahid'Gi"argis, Embedded Systems (esign)

! Uni*ied +ardware'So*tware Introduction ! Uni*ied +ardware'So*tware Introduction


Sie%erformance

%ower

C7E cost

&i t ' t d di d i&ime to mar'et) a demanding design



&ime/to/mar'et) a demanding design&ime/to/mar'et) a demanding design

metricmetric &ime reJuired to deve$op&ime reJuired to deve$op

a product to t#e point ita product to t#e point it

can be so$d to customerscan be so$d to customers

9ar'et window9ar'et window

8 %eriod during w#ic# t#e%eriod during w#ic# t#e

product wou$d #ave #ig#est product wou$d #ave #ig#est

sa$essa$es

5verage time/to/mar'et5verage time/to/mar'et

constraint is about ;constraint is about ;

mont#smont#s De$ays can be cost$yDe$ays can be cost$y

Slide credit &ahid'Gi"argis, Embedded Systems (esign) !Slide credit &ahid'Gi"argis, Embedded Systems (esign) !

Uni*ied +ardware'So*tware IntroductionUni*ied +ardware'So*tware Introduction


7 e v e n u e s ( K

&ime (mont#s

Losses due to de$ayed mar'etLosses due to de$ayed mar'et



<

Losses due to de$ayed mar'etLosses due to de$ayed mar'et

entryentry

Simp$ified revenue mode$Simp$ified revenue mode$

8 %roduct $ife 2.1 pea' at .%roduct $ife 2.1 pea' at .

8 &ime of mar'et entry defines&ime of mar'et entry defines

a triang$e1 representinga triang$e1 representing

mar'et penetrationmar'et penetration 8 &riang$e area eJua$s revenue&riang$e area eJua$s revenue

LossLoss

8 &#e difference between t#e&#e difference between t#e

on/time and de$ayed triang$eon/time and de$ayed triang$eareasareasSlide credit &ahid'Gi"argis, Embedded SystemsSlide credit &ahid'Gi"argis, Embedded Systems

(esign) ! Uni*ied +ardware'So*tware (esign) ! Uni*ied +ardware'So*tware

Introduction Introduction


On/time De$ayed

entry entry

%ea' revenue

%ea' revenue from

de$ayed entry

9ar'et rise 9ar'et fa$$

. 2.

&ime

D

5n-time

(elayed

7 e v e n u e s ( K



2

Ot#er Design "onsiderationsOt#er Design "onsiderations

Dependabi$ityDependabi$ity

8 7e$iabi$ity) probabi$ity of system wor'ing7e$iabi$ity) probabi$ity of system wor'ing

correct$y provided t#at it wor'ed at time tcorrect$y provided t#at it wor'ed at time t

8 9aintainabi$ity) probabi$ity of system wor'ing9aintainabi$ity) probabi$ity of system wor'ing

correct$y d time units after error occurred-correct$y d time units after error occurred-Some systems reJuire no maintenanceSome systems reJuire no maintenance

t#roug#out t#eir operating $ives (e-g- e$ectrict#roug#out t#eir operating $ives (e-g- e$ectric

'ett$es1 computer 'eyboards1 w#i$e some may'ett$es1 computer 'eyboards1 w#i$e some may

need it suc# as mobi$e p#ones and airp$aneneed it suc# as mobi$e p#ones and airp$ane

f$ig#t contro$ (software upgradef$ig#t contro$ (software upgradeMM




!


Dependabi$ityDependabi$ity

8 5vai$abi$ity) probabi$ity of system wor'ing at5vai$abi$ity) probabi$ity of system wor'ing at

time ttime t

8 SafetySafety

8 Security) in communicationSecurity) in communication

Aasica$$y1 cAasica$$y1 critica$ app$ications #ave to operateritica$ app$ications #ave to operate

correct$y at a$$ time e-g- airp$ane f$ig#t contro$correct$y at a$$ time e-g- airp$ane f$ig#t contro$computer- &#is inc$udes bot#computer- &#is inc$udes bot# hardware andhardware and

softwaresoftware aspects-aspects-


E $ f S t B $tE $ f S t B $t



E*amp$e of System Bau$tE*amp$e of System Bau$t

Slide credit 6. PahamiSlide credit 6. Pahami



+


OO perating environment perating environment

Some engine E$ectronic "ontro$ 4nits (E"4s inSome engine E$ectronic "ontro$ 4nits (E"4s in

cars are $ocated under t#e bonnets- So t#ey #avecars are $ocated under t#e bonnets- So t#ey #ave

to wor' at #ig# temperature1 as we$$ as dustyto wor' at #ig# temperature1 as we$$ as dustyand wet environment-and wet environment-

E9I (E$ectromagnetic InterferenceE9I (E$ectromagnetic Interference




6

7ea$/&ime "onsideration7ea$/&ime "onsideration

"orrect operation of rea$/time systems"orrect operation of rea$/time systems

means)means)

8 .or'ing correct$y (functiona$$y correct.or'ing correct$y (functiona$$y correct

8 %roducing outputs%roducing outputs in timein time!!

i-e- correct resu$t at t#e rig#t timei-e- correct resu$t at t#e rig#t time




:

Hard 7ea$/timeHard 7ea$/time

System designed to meet a$$ dead$inesSystem designed to meet a$$ dead$ines 5 missed dead$ine is a design f$aw5 missed dead$ine is a design f$aw

Bor e*amp$es) 5AS bra'e1 nuc$ear reactorBor e*amp$es) 5AS bra'e1 nuc$ear reactor

monitoring systemmonitoring system System #ardware (over designed for worst/System #ardware (over designed for worst/

case performancecase performance

System software rigorous$y testedSystem software rigorous$y tested

Borma$ proofs used to guarantee timingBorma$ proofs used to guarantee timingcorrectnesscorrectness





;

Birm 7ea$/timeBirm 7ea$/time

System designed to meet a$$ dead$ines1 butSystem designed to meet a$$ dead$ines1 butoccasiona$ missed dead$ine is a$$owedoccasiona$ missed dead$ine is a$$owed 8 Sometimes statistica$$y Juantified (e-g- +Sometimes statistica$$y Juantified (e-g- +

missesmisses

Bor e*amp$es) mu$timedia systemsBor e*amp$es) mu$timedia systems

System #ardware designed for average caseSystem #ardware designed for average case performance performance

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0

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7 $ ti S t D d$i7 $ ti S t D d$i



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• Deadline: maximum time before

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&#erefore1 t#e traditiona$ deve$opment&#erefore1 t#e traditiona$ deve$opment process #as to c#ange1 process #as to c#ange1





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Embedded

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Buture Embedded SystemsButure Embedded Systems



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SystemsSystems

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7esearc# in Embedded Systems7esearc# in Embedded Systems

• Hardware 8 to improve performance (sensors andHardware 8 to improve performance (sensors andactuators1 verification1 etc-actuators1 verification1 etc-

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• Cetwor' 8 #ig#er connectivity between systems (e-g- Cetwor' 8 #ig#er connectivity between systems (e-g-smart #omes $in' many systems toget#er1 standardisedsmart #omes $in' many systems toget#er1 standardised

protoco$s1 etc- protoco$s1 etc-

• Security 8 protection against attac'sSecurity 8 protection against attac's

• Design 8 improved met#odo$ogy1 more automation1Design 8 improved met#odo$ogy1 more automation1

forma$ verificationforma$ verification

introduction - setha.ppt

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