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Introduction

The Donald E. Bently Center for Engineering Innovation was established in spring 2003 through a substantial donation by Donald E. Bently. The Center is contained within the Mechanical Engineering Department. The purpose of the endowment is to promote innovation within the discipline, support applied research, expand the curriculum and bring vision and breadth to engineering instruction. The mission of the Center is advancement of research, education, and the practice of mechanical engineering with innovation as a guiding principle. Rotor dynamics is the primary focus of the center; however, the center supports a broad range of secondary focus areas.

Every year the Center issues a request for proposals to the Cal Poly M.E. faculty to sponsor faculty release time. The proposals are reviewed by a committee consisting of the Bently Center Director, ME Department Chair, and a third reviewer, typically the CENG Associate/Assistant Dean of Research. Awards are made based on criteria that includes meeting the mission of the Center, leveraging the award, deliverables, past performance, need and the proposal quality. The Bently Director is awarded 24 WTUs per year and expected to further the mission of the Center and administer the endowment, RFP process and documentation.

Awardees that are granted 12 – 18 WTUs are given the title of “Bently Professors” In addition to the Bently Professor awards, smaller awards are granted as well. A short bio of the 2018 Bently Professors is given below.

John Chen, Professor of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Chen’s research focused on (i) grit and how it is affected through students’ learning experiences, (ii) the collection of non-cognitive (NCA) factors related to student success, and (iii) metacognition, or awareness and control of one’s learning. Professor Chen regularly teaches statics, introductory and advanced thermodynamics, and heat transfer. He enjoys the varied mix of students from different majors across the College of Engineering in the introductory courses, as well as working with students that are learning deeper disciplinary content within Mechanical Engineering.

Patrick Lemieux, Professor of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Lemieux’s research interests focus on internal combustion engines and alternative energy. He is currently primarily involved in the development of alternative thermodynamic cycles for the gas turbine and reciprocating internal combustion engine, as well as their mechanical design analysis near their failure points. Along with faculty colleagues, he has also founded the Cal Poly Wind Power Research Center on a remote ranch outside of the main campus, where the design and operation issues most relevant to the wind industry are investigated in a controlled way. Dozens of students have been involved in its various projects; the Center is most recently involved in the development of prognostic health monitoring systems for the distributed wind industry. Dr Lemieux has also been involved in the study of hybrid rocket motors and sits of the Hybrid Rockets Technical Committee of the AIAA. Professor Lemieux teaches courses in thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, control systems, internal combustion engines, refrigeration, wind energy and compressible flow gas dynamics.

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Final project reports are due a month after the end of the Bently support period. The reports include a the awardee’s name, the number of weighted teaching units (WTSs) granted in the award, a summary of accomplishments, publications and other deliverables, student impacts, proposals and other leverage.

Below is a list of all the 2018-2019 awardee names, proposal titles, and the number of WTUs awarded. A report from each awardee is included in the following pages. Assigned time (6 WTUs for summer 2019) was awarded as part of a start-up package to two new tenure track hires: Ben Lutz and Lauren Cooper. These awards were requested by the ME Department chair at the time of their hire; they did not submit proposals. These awardees submitted a short report included below.

List of Awardees Awardee, Proposal Title, Number of WTWs awarded Page

Charles Birdsong, Professor and Director of the Bently Center for Innovation, “Bently Center Administration and Automotive Safety and Automation”, 25.5 WTUs ........................................................ 4

Jacques Belanger, “Cal Poly Solar Field Power Generation and Optimization Project”, 6 WTUs ................. 7

John Chen, “Beyond Talent: What Helps Students to Succeed?”, 12 WTUs ............................................... 9

Eltahry Elghandour , “Manufacturability, Longevity, and Sustainability of Bio-Composite Based Performance Bicycle Frame”, 6 WTUs ........................................................................................................ 14

Richard Emberley, “Elevated Temperature Performance of Adhesively Bonded Composites”, 5 WTUs .. 19

Patrick Lemieux, “Distributed Windturbine LifeLine”, 12 WTUs ................................................................ 21

Sthanu Mahadev, “Hygrothermomechanical Response of Tapered Laminated Composite Tubes: An Improved Analytical Investigation”, 6 WTUs .............................................................................................. 25

Mohammad Noori , “Corrosion Mitigation with Maxon Technologies”, 6 WTUs ...................................... 28

Peter Schuster and Brian Self, “Online Content for Senior Project: Creating an Integrated Student Experience”, 6 WTUs ................................................................................................................................... 34

Russell V. Westphal, “Instrument for ME Fluids lab and BLDS Proposal”, 9 WTUs ................................... 36

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Charles Birdsong, Professor and Director of the Bently Center for Innovation, “Bently Center Administration and Automotive Safety and Automation”, 25.5 WTUs Awardee Charles Birdsong, Professor and Director of the Bently Center for Innovation, Mechanical Engineering, cbirdson@calpoly.edu

Award Total units 25.5 (7.5 units summer 2018, 6 units fall 2018, 6 units winter 2019 and 6 units spring 2019)

Summary of Accomplishments The assigned time was used in two main areas: first in the administration of the Bently Center for Innovation and second, in the professional development in the area of automotive safety and automation.

Bently Center Administration – The administrative activities for the 2018-2019 year included distributing the annual request for proposals, organizing the proposal review committee, meeting with the committee to review all proposals and collecting input for recommendations to fund specific proposals, announcing the awards, soliciting reports from each awardee and documenting the awards in this report. In addition, to these regular annual activities other administrative activities were conducted. The Bently Center for Innovation Website was redesigned to highlight present and past awardees and a separate page was added to memorialize Don Bently and the dedicated Bently Center Office. https://me.calpoly.edu/bently-center.

The Bently Center Office, room 13-xxx was revitalized to create a valuable center for student activities. The space was cleaned and allocated to students that are actively participating in student projects and research. Unused equipment that was stored in the room was moved to storage. Currently 5 MS students working on automotive safety, rotating equipment and finite element modeling are assigned to the space. In addition, 4 undergraduate students have used the space for automotive safety projects and as a meeting space for the Summer Undergraduate Research Project (SURP 2019). A visiting professor also used the room as an office for the winter term. Also the office maintains 2 high performance PC computers that are shared with several students for large scale finite element modeling projects.

Professional Development – assigned time was used to pursue professional development in the area of automotive safety and automation. These activities included sponsoring and advising undergraduate students on senior projects, summer research projects and student competitions, developing hardware that will be used in the controls laboratory, advising 4 MS students, collaborating with industrial sponsors and managing externally funded sponsored projects.

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Publications and other Deliverables

Conference Papers Bybee, K., Gildart, J., Le, T., Oppenheim, C., Lampe, N., Loh, J., Moran, K., Birdsong, C., DeBruhl, B. “Autonomous Collision Avoidance System for Collaborative Vehicle Platooning,” June 2019, Student Session ESV International Conference, Eindhoven, The Netherlands,

Poster Sessions Cal Poly College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Project Symposium, fall 2018, poster, “Chassis and Image Processing Development for Small Scale Intelligent Vehicle”

Invited Presentation Spring 2018 Automotive Safety Research at Cal Poly presentation for ME Industrial Advisory Board Meeting

Spring 2019 Invited lecture on Autonomous Vehicles State of the Art for Professor Johnathan York, College of Business, “Disruptive Technology and Entrepreneurism”

Conferences Attended Summer 2018, attended Automated Vehicle Symposium, San Francisco, July 2018 and funded Journey McDowel, MS student to attend.

Winter 2019 attended Auto AI (Artificial Intelligence in Automotives) USA conference on in South San Francisco

Spring 2019 led four undergraduate students to the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) International Conference in Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

Student Impact

Advised 4 MS students • Kevin Gasic, “LQR Adaptive Control for a Linear Tractor-Trailer Model” completed spring 2019 • Winston Wight, “Optimal Direct Yaw Moment Control of a 4WD Electric Vehicle” scheduled to

be completed fall 2019 • Journey McDowell, “Training a Tractor Trailer Vehicle to Back Up Using a Neural Network”,

scheduled to be completed fall 2019 • Ian Sweeney, “Automatic Braking System for 4 Wheel Electric Vehicle”, in progress

Student Projects Small Scale Tractor Trailer Senior Project Co-sponsor with Daimler Trucks North America, winter 2018-winter 2019, undergraduate students: Devin Bodmer, Chris Marrale and Jase Sasaki

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Cal Poly Summer Undergraduate Research Project 2018: Jacob Loh (autonomous car lane detectionusing Hough Transforms), Ian Dworczyk (redesigning the Small Scale Intelligent Vehicle (SSIV) chasis for cost and durability)

Co-sponsored senior project with Dr. DeBruhl (Computer Science Dept) on vehicle platooning – entry in US Department of Transportation ESV Student Design Competition – I led student team to conference in The Netherlands where the team won second place. Student team members: Kyle Bybee, James Gildart, Toan Le, Cole Oppenheim Nick Lampe, Jacob Loh, Kiyoshi Moran, Vinh Nguyen

Co-sponsored senior project (with Daimler) on electronics and microcontroller system for small scale autonomous tractor trailer system. Student team members: Nate Furbeyre, Fernando Mondragon and Ricky Tan

Proposals and other Leverage

Active awards during the period of support “Autonomous Vehicle Development,” Cal Poly Summer Undergraduate Research Project, Cal Poly College of Engineering, $9,000 for 2 students and PI support.

Daimler grant to support two MS students (Gasik and McDowell) research in the area of tractor trailer autonomous control, 2018, $33,000

Daimler grant to support the development of a small scale tractor trailer autonomous vehicle, 2018, $24,000

Proposals submitted during the period of support Daimler grant to develop electronics and software system for autonomous truck, 2018, $15,000, funded

US Department of Transportation ESV Award to support undergraduate student team developing a truck platooning project for the ESV Student Design Competition, Netherlands, 2019, $2,000, funded

Daimler award to support student travel to the ESV Student Design Competition, Netherlands, 2019, $4,000, funded

“Autonomous Vehicle Testing,” Cal Poly Summer Undergraduate Research Project, Cal Poly College of Engineering, $17,000 for 4 student and PI support.

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Jacques Belanger, “Cal Poly Solar Field Power Generation and Optimization Project”, 6 WTUs

Awardee Jacques Belanger, Assistant Professor, PG&E Professor of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, jjbelang@calpoly.edu Award 6 WTU (Summer 2018) Summary of Accomplishments

1. Dual-Axis Solar Tracker Development

Co-investigators: Dr. Andrew Davol (ME professor), Huy Duong (CPE student), and Trent Hamilton (ME student)

• Modify and update a dual axis tracker (Figure 1) partially completed by an ME senior project team in 2016.

o The completion of the dual axis tracker included new actuators able to provide feedback on their precise position.

o The panel’s supporting frame was redesigned to be able to test different solar panel types.

o The tracker was all painted for protection against corrosion and also equipped with wheels to make it more mobile.

• Develop a manual and autonomous sun tracking motor control

o The manual control of the dual axis tracker was fully implemented during the summer of 2018. It included calibration of the feedback from the actuators, installation of limit switches, and implementation of a controller architecture compatible with autonomous tracking. Figure 1 Dual axis tracker

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o The autonomous tracking controller (Figure 2) was fully implemented during the academic year 2018-19. It includes a programmable Arduino Microcontroller, a Real Time Clock for precise time stamp, and an LCD Display for visual confirmation of tracker’s status.

Figure 2 Tracking controller

2. Gold Tree Solar Field Power Generation Modeling and Forecasting

Co-investigator: Jonathon Scott (CS student)

• Evaluate how sky imaging technology may contribute to the accuracy of power generation forecasting.

o This investigation was performed in collaboration with Jonathon Scott, who was performing this work in the context of his senior project.

o The scope of the project involved data collection including onsite sky camera, creation of predictive models, and the use of those models to predict power generation. The data was used to train machine learning models in order to predict power generation.

o These machine learning models were compared with the PlantPredict simulation created by Isabella Kueschle in her senior project performed during the winter of 2018.

o The majority of our efforts until now have been focused on developing the data infrastructure and image processing. We anticipate being able to generate viable future data to feed into the models in a follow up research project next year.

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John Chen, “Beyond Talent: What Helps Students to Succeed?”, 12 WTUs Awardee John Chen, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, jchen24@calpoly.edu

Award Total units awarded: 12 WTUs, assigned as 6 WTUs in 2019 Winter quarter and 6 WTUs in 2019 Spring quarter.

Summary of Accomplishments The overarching question motivating my research asks: Why do some students succeed in engineering studies while others, at least equal in talent and academic qualifications, do not? Why are intelligence and academic preparation – which every entrant to Cal Poly’s engineering program possesses – not enough to guarantee success? Importantly, there is growing awareness that innate talent – i.e., IQ or intelligence – is neither the only nor the most important trait for predicting future success or a wide range of achievement outcomes in adults or younger populations from adolescents to university students. Many traits not directly related to knowledge acquisition have been shown conclusively to have a significant impact as well, including, for example, optimism, self-control, and self-efficacy. In addition to psychological traits, there are learning-related factors that impact academic success, such as motivation, study strategies and self-regulation of learning.

The Bently-supported projects during the past year can be grouped into three topics. These are (i) grit and how it is affected through students’ learning experiences, (ii) the collection of non-cognitive (NCA) factors related to student success, and (iii) metacognition, or awareness and control of one’s learning. In the following sections, I describe the accomplishments from this past year.

Grit This project is continuing to collect data contributed by study participants in two separate studies: Undergraduate ME students taking the mechanics sequence and first-year ME students. The participants track, through a smartphone app, their level of engagement in each course during both in- and out-of-class learning times. In the first study, students are recruited in ME 211 (statics) and are tracked as each undertakes the mechanics sequence of ME 211 – CE 204/ME 212 – CE 207 – ME 326. Two cohorts of participants have been recruited into this study, in Fall 2016 and Fall 2017, for a total of 70 students. The first cohort has just mostly graduated in June 2019, so data collection is complete for them. The second cohort will end their participation in the study in June 2020. We are beginning data analyses for this study presently. The second study, consisting of 80 first-year ME students recruited in Winter 2018 and Winter 2019. Participants in this study are similarly contributing data through the smartphone app but all of their major courses are being tracked. This study is nearing completion in Fall 2019.

NCA factors This project, which is a collaboration with Purdue University and University of Texas, El Paso, is proceeding into a third year of data collection at Cal Poly. During the past year, Cal Poly students

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contributed over 1200 completed surveys to the study. The participants consist of engineering and computer science students in their first year of studies from across CENG, and a more detailed survey of ME students across all years of study. The results from these efforts are documented in the conference publications and journal manuscripts listed below. In the coming academic year, the survey will continue at Cal Poly so that we can track the students longitudinally as they progress through their curriculum.

Metacognition A proposal was prepared and submitted in April 2018 to the National Science Foundation’s Improving Undergraduate STEM Education (IUSE) program (see description below). We were informed in September that it will not be funded, although the reviews were generally positive. In the coming year, the proposal will be improved based on the reviewers’ comments, and it will be resubmitted for consideration.

Publications and other Deliverables (students in bold)

Peer-reviewed conference papers 1. Scheidt, M., Senkpeil, R., Chen, J., Godwin, A., and Berger, E., “SAT Does Not Spell Success:

How Non-Cognitive Factors Can Explain Variance in the GPA of Undergraduate Engineering and Computer Science Students,” 2018 Frontiers in Education Conference, San Jose, CA, October 2018.

2. Ge, J., Berger, E., Chen, J., and Self, B., “Do Great Minds Think Alike? Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences in Mindset of Undergraduate Engineering Students,” 2018 Frontiers in Education Conference, San Jose, CA, October 2018.

3. Berger, E., Godwin, A., Scheidt, M., Chen, J., Senkpeil, R., Ge, J., Self, B., Widmann, J., and Gates, A., “Collaborative Survey Construction for National Data Collection: Coordination, Negotiation, and Delivery,” 2018 Frontiers in Education Conference, San Jose, CA, October 2018.

4. Widmann, J., Chen, J., Self, B., Chambers, C., Ghazvini, A., and Kusakabe, L., “Benchmarking SUCCESS: How do non-cognitive and affective factors vary among engineering undergraduates?” ASEE Pacific Southwest 2019 Conference, March 2019.

5. Scheidt, M., Godwin, A., Chen, J., Widmann, J., Self, B., Gates, A., and Berger, E., “Engineering Students’ Non-Cognitive and Affective Factos: Group Differences from Clustering Analysis,” submitted for review to Journal of Engineering Education, June 2019.

6. Ge, J., Jensen, K., Major, J., Froiland, J., Chen, J., Godwin, A., and Berger, E., “A Conceptual Model of Engineering Thriving: Broadening Understandings of Success for Undergraduate Engineering and Computing Students Based on a Scoping Literature Review,” manuscript in preparation for submission to Engineering Studies, September 2019.

7. (To be presented in July 2019, but prepared and accepted in May 2019) Widmann, J., Self, B., Chen, J., Chambers, C., Kusakabe, L., Landy, J., Berger, E., and Ge, J., “Academic SUCCESS: An analysis of how non-cognitive profiles vary by discipline and year for engineering and computer science students,” Proceedings of the 2019 Research in Engineering Education Symposium, Capetown, South Africa, July 2019. (To be presented in October 2019, but prepared and accepted in June 2019)

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8. Scheidt, M., Major, J., Ge, J., Godwin, A., Chen, J., Self, B., Widmann, J., Berger, E., “Exploring the relationship between non-cognitive and affective (NCA) factors and first-year retention of undergraduates in engineering,” 2019 Frontiers in Education Conference, Cincinnati, OH, October 2019.

9. Chen, J., Janzen, D., McGaughey, K., and Widmann, J., “Tracking learning engagement at the student level,” 2019 Frontiers in Education Conference, Cincinnati, OH, October 2019.

10. Janzen, D., Chang, R., and Chen, J., “Development of mobile applications to study engineering students’ patterns of learning,” 2019 Frontiers in Education Conference, Cincinnati, OH, October 2019.

Student Impact

Supervision of student projects • M. Barkley, L. Kusakabe, Christina Grigorian, and Jenna Landy (undergraduate ME and Statistics

students, Cal Poly): Co-advised and -supervised these three undergraduates during the 2017-18 academic year for work described in the Bently proposal. Specifically, these students administered the surveys of engineering students, read research papers in support of the project, and participated in the creation and delivery of two conference papers and presentations.

Proposals and other Leverage

Active awards during the period of support 1. National Science Foundation (PI: John Chen, co-PIs: David Janzen (CSC), Karen McGaughey (Statistics), Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti (Psychology & Child Development), Jim Widmann (ME))

Oct. 1, 2014 to Sept. 30, 2017 (extended to Sept. 30, 2019); $200,000

Title: Actively Building the Drive to Achieve through Everyday Engineering Learning. Aims: Grit – defined as passion and perseverance for long-term goals – is likely to be important to individuals trying to achieve the challenging, long-term goal of attaining an engineering degree, which requires not only talent but also its focused and sustained application over a long period. This proposed project will investigate the role of active learning in building grit. A longitudinal observational research design will be implemented to answer this question. California Polytechnic State University is an ideal place to conduct this study for several reasons: It is a large, state-supported, undergraduate-focused university typical of other large engineering programs; it has a diverse engineering student population; and it prides itself on the quality of the student experience, including many small, personalized classes and a “learn by doing” culture. As a result of their natural progression through the curricula, students will have widely varying experiences along the active-learning continuum, from low quantity and quality, to high. This highly diverse engineering-learning ecology presents a unique opportunity to study the association between active learning and grit growth. Status: Submitted Feb. 4, 2014, funded and on-going.

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2. National Science Foundation (PI: John Chen, co-PIs: David Janzen (CSC), Karen McGaughey (Statistics), Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti (Psychology & Child Development), Jim Widmann (ME))

June 1, 2016 to May 31, 2019 (extended to May 31, 2020); $499,275

Title: Does Active Learning Build Grit? Aims: The study uses a quasi-experimental design with treatment and control groups to determine if active learning, which acts as a proxy for deliberate practice, builds the character trait of grit in students while they learn in the domain of mechanics. A second research question is whether increased grit leads to other success outcomes such as retention in major and progress toward degree. These questions are investigated through a direct intervention that includes intensive, peer-based, active-learning experiences, along with activities designed to boost optimism and endorsement of growth mindset. A control group will also undertake learning activities to improve its mechanics learning, but in ways that do not meet the definition of deliberate practice. Grit is likely to be important to individuals trying to achieve the challenging, long-term goal of attaining an engineering degree. Status: Submitted Sept. 10, 2015, funded and on-going.

3. National Science Foundation (PI: Jim Widmann, co-PIs: John Chen, Brian Self)

Oct. 1, 2016 to Sept. 30, 2020; $479,351

Title: IUSE:EHR: Collaborative Research: The Role of Non-Cognitive and Affective (NCA) Factors in Engineering and Computing Student Academic Performance. Aims: Understanding the ways in which students succeed and fail in STEM majors, and developing powerful ways to support them, will pay dividends for our students, our institutions, and our nation. Predictive models for student academic performance largely rely upon cognitive measures of achievement such as high school GPA, SAT scores, and similar measures of past performance. These models have consistently demonstrated that only a reasonably small part (R2 ~ 0.25) of the total variance in predicted academic performance is explainable using cognitive factors. More recent work includes non-cognitive and affective (NCA) variables (such as mindset) to improve the predictive power of academic performance models. Nonetheless, there remain substantial gaps in our understanding of how NCA profiles of STEM students can be used to support their academic success. The central intellectual contribution of this research-to-practice project is the development, implementation, and evaluation of NCA-based interventions for diverse STEM students in multiple settings. This multi-institution research team engages student affairs practitioners in the development and delivery of NCA-based interventions. The unique coalescence of expertise and experience among the team strongly promotes the multiple perspectives that are required to deploy interventions with diverse students in different settings. Importantly, the student affairs collaborations allow access to information about life events ("obstacles") faced by students, and this research explicitly connects student academic performance to such obstacles, as mediated by the NCA profile. This obstacle data, and its connection to both NCA profile and academic performance, represents a truly

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unique and deeply valuable contribution of this research program. Status: Submitted Jan. 13, 2016, funded and on-going.

Proposals submitted during the period of support 1. National Science Foundation (PI: John Chen, co-PI: Karen McGaughey)

Sept. 1, 2018 to Aug. 31, 2021; $274,220

Title: Exploring Effective, Adoptable Metacognitive Classroom Tools. Aims: Metacognition – one’s awareness, knowledge and control of one’s thinking – is recognized as a fourth dimension of knowledge, alongside factual, procedural and conceptual knowledge. Its importance to learning across the entire age spectrum, from childhood to senior citizens, is widely recognized. At the college level, although notably less so in the STEM subjects, teaching practices that promote metacognition have been well documented. These practices have not been widely adopted, however, most likely because of several recognized impediments common to other effective, evidence-based teaching innovations. This proposed project seeks to test the efficacy and ease of adoption of three metacognitive teaching tools that may overcome these impediments. If proven effective in this environment, additional instructors in potentially different service courses will be recruited to further test each tool. Efficacy of each tool will be measured by their effects on students’ problem-solving ability, conceptual mastery, and metacognition change. In addition, focus groups and surveys of students, and interviews of faculty testers will provide qualitative insights on the students’ and faculty’s experiences with the tools. Status: Submitted Apr. 9, 2018, not funded (notified in September 2018) and being prepared for resubmission in late 2019.

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Eltahry Elghandour , “Manufacturability, Longevity, and Sustainability of Bio-Composite Based Performance Bicycle Frame”, 6 WTUs

Awardee Eltahry Elghandour, Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering, eelghand@calpoly.edu

Award 6 Units (2018-2019 Summer quarter)

Summary of Accomplishments The primary objective of the assigned release time was primarily to investigate “Manufacturability, Longevity, and Sustainability of Bio-Composite Based Performance Bicycle Frames,” as stated in the project proposal. Most of my time was used to supervise and support graduate and undergraduate Cal Poly students. The project activities included 1) develop new manufacturing techniques to incorporate bio-materials into composite structures bicycle frame using bamboo tubes joined using compression molded hemp fiber cloth and bioderived epoxy composite lugs, as shown in the figures, 2) writing a proposal for external funding from NSF and industrial companies; 3) developing a new lab course titled “Introduction to Manufacturing Composite Materials”; and 4) writing a manuscript related to the incorporation of bio-composite materials in structural applications. During this time, I accomplished the following:

1. I prepared and submitted 10 papers: three to the International Journal of Sustainable Materials and Structural Systems (IJSMSS); two papers to the SAMPE conference in North Carolina, May, 2019; four papers to the CAMX conference in Dallas, Texas, October 2018 and one paper at ICKEM 2019 Key Engineering Materials at Oxford, United Kingdom. All papers were accepted. My graduate and undergraduate students and I presented the papers at the SAMPE and CAMX conferences.

2. I, along with two undergraduate students, have been awarded summer research grants in 2018 for the Design and Development of a Backpack Frame Using Multifunctional Sustainable Materials.

3. I prepared and submitted a proposal to NSF as a Co-Principal with the UC Space System at Berkeley. As a result, we were awarded $722.598.00

4. I prepared and submitted a subcontract sponsored by UC Berkeley via NASA to request a fund for three years of $137,597.00 to continue the development, manufacturing and testing of a Small UV Imager for Heliophysics Science Investigations. This proposal will also present the simulation for a vacuum-compatible robotic manipulator to calibrate ultraviolet imaging satellites for space application.

5. I also continued working on the preparation of a proposal to develop a new lab for ME-161 level course: “Introduction to Composite Manufacturing Methods.”

6. I completed advising four master degree students and recruited another five graduate students to continue working on the biocomposites material project.

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7. I served as a co-adviser for four master degree students who completed their thesis on this project during the summer 2018-2019.

Publications and other Deliverables (students in bold)

Peer-reviewed conference papers 1. Thomas Rohrback and Eltahry Elghandour “Manufacture and Compression Testing of a Machined

Composite Mechanical System” #TP19—1584, Society of the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering, Charlotte Convention Center Charlotte, North Carolina. SAMPE May 20-23, 2019.

2. Jason L. Grillo, Troy F. Hajjar, Brady E. Hill, Kodi A. Rider, Tomas J. Immel, and Eltahry Elghandour Experimental “Validation of an Ultraviolet Imaging Cube Satellite” #TP19—1549, Society of the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering, Charlotte Convention Center Charlotte, North Carolina. SAMPE May 20-23, 2019.

3. Nagwa Elzayady and Eltahry Elghandour “Compression Capacity of Corrugated Core Hybrid Composite Sandwich Structure” Published at ICKEM2019, The 9th International Conference on Key Engineering Materials, Oxford, United Kingdom | March 29-April 1, 2019

4. Jason L. Grillo, Troy F. Hajjar, Brady E. Hill, Kodi A. Rider, Tomas J. Immel, and Eltahry Elghandour “Characterizing Multifunctional Materials to Mitigate Vibrations Induced on Spacecraft Optical Equipment” TP18-0427, with CAMX, Conference and Exhibits, Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center, Dallas, Texas. October 15-18, 2018

5. Jacob D. Chess, Eltahry Elghandour, Richard Emberley, and Kim Shollenberger “Effect of Aerogel on the Thermal Performance of Corrugated Composite Structures” TP18-0434 with CAMX, Conference and Exhibits, Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center, Dallas, Texas. October 15-18, 2018

6. Jacob D. Chess, Eltahry Elghandour, Richard Emberley, and Kim Shollenberger “Finite Element Modeling of the Thermal Performance of Aerogel in Corrugated Composite Structures” with. SAMPE, Conference and Exhibits, Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center, Dallas, Texas. October 15-18, 2018

7. Cassandra D. Beck, Zachary D. Wilson, Joshua M. Dimaggio, and Ryan T. Gelinas and Eltahry I. Elghandour “Varied Insulation Types to Determine the Optimum Insulation for a Thermoelectric Mini Cooler” TP18-0507, with CAMX, Conference and Exhibits, Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center, Dallas, Texas. October 15-18, 2018.

Peer-reviewed journal papers

1. Ben Sweeney, Eltahry Elghandour and Faysal Kolkailah “The Effect of Bio-Composite Materials in a Composite Structure Under Compression Loading” Published at International Journal of Sustainable Materials and Structural Systems (IJSMSS). 2019.

2. Jalen Mano, and Eltahry Elghandour “Effects of Bio-Composites in Sandwich Panels with an Optimum Corrugated Cores under Edgewise Compression Loading” Published at International Journal of Sustainable Materials and Structural Systems (IJSMSS). 2019.

3. Jane Xiao, Eltahry Elghandour and Faysal Kolkailah “Effects of Corrugation on the Stiffness Properties of composite Beams for Structural Applications” Published at International Journal of Sustainable Materials and Structural Systems (IJSMSS). 2019.

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Miscellaneous Presentation/Activity

1. Eltahry Elghandour. Two presentations Society of the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering, Charlotte Convention Center Charlotte, North Carolina. SAMPE May 20-23, 2019.

1. Eltahry Elghandour, Jason Grillo, Jacob Chess and Cassandra Three presentations at with CAMX, Conference and Exhibits, Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center, Dallas, Texas. October 15-18, 2018

2. Eltahry Elghandour. Five presentation overseas at AASTMT University in Egypt December 15-29, 2018.

Student Impact

Supervision of Cal Poly M.S. students 1. Trenton John Matson (A Comparison of Crushing Parameters of Graphite Composite Thin-Walled

Cylinders Cured in High and Low Pressures). M. S. Thesis, Mechanical Engineering Department, California State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, (Completed in August 2019). Co-Advisor.

2. Jorge Phuma Reyes, Fracture Control Modeling with the Finite Element Method. ME, M.S. Thesis, Mechanical Engineering Department, California State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, (completed in June 2019). As advisor.

3. Jalen Mano, Effects of biocomposites in sandwich panels with an optimum corrugated core under compression loading. M. S. Thesis, Mechanical Engineering Department, California State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, (Completed in May 2019). As advisor.

4. Thomas Juhl Robhrbach, Investigation of Design, Manufacture, Analysis and Test of a Composite Connecting Rod Under Compression, M. S. Thesis, Mechanical Engineering Department, California State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, (Done in March 2019). As advisor.

5. Jacob Chess, Effect of aerogel on the thermal performance of corrugated composite structures. M. S. Thesis, Mechanical Engineering Department, California State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, (Completed in December 2018). As advisor.

6. Sean Day (Mechanical Engineering, MS research Spring 2018-present). Advisor. 7. Sidney Wong (Mechanical Engineering, MS research Fall 2018-present), Advisor. 8. Omar Dwidar (Mechanical Engineering, MS research Fall 2018-present) Advisor. 9. Jason Grillo (Mechanical Engineering, MS research Spring 2018-present), Advisor. 10. Abdul-Rahman Mohamed (Mechanical Engineering, MS research Fall 2019-present) Advisor. 11. Sergio Rafael Rodriguez (Aerospace Engineering, MS research Winter 2019-present)-Co-advisor. 12. Brett Behrends (Aerospace Engineering, MS research Winter 2018-present)-Co-advisor. 13. Anthony Thomas Trujillo (Civil Engineering, MS research, Fall 2017-present)-Co-advisor.

Supervision of Cal Poly B.S. student

1. Barten Hansen and Joshua M. Dimaggio (Mechanical Engineering, BS research, Winter 2018-Winter 2019).

2. Cassandra D. Beck, Zachary D. Wilson, and Ryan T. Gelinas (Mechanical Engineering, BS research, Winter 2018-Winter 2019).

3. Troy F. Hajjar, and Brady E (Mechanical Engineering, BS Research, Winter 2018-Winter 2019).

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4. Thomas Headland (Mechanical Engineering, BS. Research, Fall 2016-Winter 2019). 5. Taylor Gater and Joelle Hylton (Mechanical Engineering, Research, Fall 2018-Spring 2019). 6. Anthony Thomas Trujillo (Civil Engineering, MS Research, Fall 2017-present). 7. Sean Gager (Mechanical Engineering, BS Research, Winter 2017-present).

Supervision of non-Cal Poly students

1. Emile Naccasha, John (High School Mission College Perp, Research, Fall 2018-Spring 2019).

2. Abby Berg (Arroyo Grande High School, Research, Summer 2019). 3. John Anaya and Michelle Gee (Community College, Research Fall 2018-Spring 2019).

Proposals and other Leverage

Active awards during the period of support

1. Request for Proposal for Funding from R-IDC Pool, College. of Engineering Learn by Doing, Lead with Innovation. (PI: Eltahry Elghandour), 5/1/2018-4/31/2020: Funded $8,850.00.

Title: Investigation of a New Design, Manufacturing and Testing of a One-Way Clutch.

Aims: The proposed research will investigate a new design, manufacturing and testing of a one-way clutch and will involve collaboration with faculty from the Mechanical, Industrial & Manufacturing, and Electrical Engineering departments at Cal Poly. The proposed research has a direct impact on both graduate and undergraduate students through exposure to a creative and iterative environment truly capturing Cal Poly’s Learn by Doing philosophy. The outcome of the research will result in developing one-way clutch rod with its increased performance compared to currently available options.

2. Request for Proposal for Funding from R-IDC Pool, College. of Engineering Learn by Doing, Lead with Innovation. (PI: Eltahry Elghandour), 5/1/2018-6/31/2019: Funded $6,850.00.

Title: Investigate a Manufacture Composite Connecting Rod under Compression Testing.

Aims: This paper presents the investigation of utilizing natural fibers and rice derived silica aerogels in bio-composites as a structural material for corrugated walls to be used as a green building material. Rice derived aerogels are being incorporated in this design due to their desirable structural and thermal properties

3. RSCA-RFP, Research, Scholarly and Creative Activities Grant Program of University of California. (PI Eltahry Elghandour-Co-PI El-Badawy) 7/1/2018-6/1/2019: Funded $15,891.

Title: Developing effective crack arresters to decrease crack propagation in structures subject to fatigue loading.

Aims: To develop innovative crack arresting materials (including engineered nanomaterials) and designs for improving mechanical properties and increasing fracture energy needed to prolong

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the life of structures subject to cyclic loading. The products of this research will provide innovative solutions and designs for fracture in structures and can be applicable in a large number of industries.

4. RSCA-RFP, Research, Scholarly and Creative Activities Grant Program of University of California. (PI Eltahry Elghandour) 7/1/2019-6/1/2020: not funded $15,653.00.

Title: Designing and Testing a Vacuum-Compatible Robotic Manipulator to Calibrate Ultraviolet Imaging Satellites for Space

Aims: The first goal is to integrate the front optics assembly into the compact UV instrument and demonstrate capability in the far ultraviolet spectrum. The second goal is to design a robotic system to control the orientation of the instrument inside an ultraviolet vacuum chamber in five degrees of freedom. The autonomous system (manipulator) will be designed and tested in Mechanical Engineering at Cal Poly laboratories. Not funded.

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Richard Emberley, “Elevated Temperature Performance of Adhesively Bonded Composites”, 5 WTUs Awardee Richard Emberley, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, remberle@calpoly.edu Award 5 WTUs in Summer 2018 Summary of Accomplishments The specific aims of the proposed work was to provide experimental and numerical modeling research opportunities for independent study and Master’s thesis students as well as to generate proposals for future release time and funded projects for subsequent academic years. The main bulk of the release time was to generate leverage from work already being accomplished with the Hanover Grant Academy to learn proposal writing, develop concept papers, and produce proposals for funding of research. Over the course of Summer 2018, three proposal ideas were sent to Hanover and two concept papers were developed based on the prospecting work performed by Hanover. The concepts papers centered around the ignition potential of timber, debonding mechanics of timber, and visibility in smoke. The debonding mechanics of timber funding potential was low and focus was placed on the remaining two topics to develop concept papers. Unfortunately, all of the organizations that Hanover recommended after placing calls to the grant coordinators, did not yield fruitful results as the grant coordinators did not express interest in the topic being suitable for submission. While unfortunate that the concept papers produced during the summer term did not yield any results, the information and work put into the Hanover Grant Academy and the training they provided for the concept papers and proposal development was put into use over the academic year. Five different proposals and grants were worked on over the summer and academic year. Unfortunately, none of the proposals were selected for the awards; however, the process of working on the grants and collaborating with other departments, faculty members, and universities as well as the Grants Development Office was an valuable learning process. Several of the grants will be re-submitted for the following grant season hopefully with better results. Work on the debonding mechanics continued even without the WTU release time during the academic year. Two undergraduate students worked with me on developing sample molds and Instron testing machine sample grips. Work was also completed on the Chrones Endowed Professorship application which was awarded for the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 academic year and a significant portion of the funding will go towards furthering that work. My aim is to have a Master’s thesis student or full time undergraduate working on the project. Proposals and other Leverage Proposals submitted as a result of the support 1. National Fire Protection Association Research Foundation (Lonny Simonian (PI), Richard Emberley) 8 months; $80,000 Title: Electrical Circuit Data Collection. Aims: Data collection plan and collection of electrical receptacle demand and load data of Business, Education, and Healthcare occupanies. Status: submitted March 27, 2019 (not funded)

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2. California Energy Commission via University of California, Los Angeles (Frederick Mowrer (PI), Christopher Dicus, Richard Emberley. Matthew Zoerb) July 1, 2019 – March 31, 2023; $737,773 Title: Wildfire: Assessing and Preparing for Risk Under Climate Change. Aims: Development of next-generation wildfire risk models incorporating geospatial properties of fuel loads and extreme wind events which are increasing as a result of climate change. Cal Poly was a part of a multi-million dollar grant proposal with UCLA. Status: submitted March 24, 2019 (not funded). 3. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection: Fire Protection Grants Program (Christopher Dicus (PI), Dan Turner, Frederick Mowrer, William Siembieda, Aric Shafran, Richard Emberley, etc.) 2019 –2022; $137,121 Title: Interdisciplinary WUI Fire Conferences Aims: Development and organization of a series of interdisciplinary educational conference providing holistic measures to reduce the risk of structural loss caused by wildfire in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) Status: submitted December 18, 2018 (not funded). 4. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection: Fire Protection Grants Program (Frederick Mowrer (PI), Richard Emberley (co-PI), Christopher Dicus, William Siembieda, Christopher Pascual, Lonny Simonian, Cornelius Nuworsoo, David Yun) September 1, 2019 – March 15, 2022; $1,160,059 Title: Fire ESCAPE Risk Assessment and Mitigation Tool Aims: Development of a fire risk assessment and mitigation planning tool for Wildland-Urban Interface/Intermix (WUI) areas based on hazard and risk factors encompassed by the acronym ESCAPE, which stands for Environment, Suppression, Construction, Access, Prevention, and Exposure. Status: submitted December 19, 2018 (not funded). 5. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection – Joint Institute for Wood Products Innovation (Richard Emberley (PI)) July 1, 2019 – December 31, 2019; $125,000 Title: Evaluation of Literature, Research Gaps, Partnerships, and Priorities Aims: Analysis of the state of wood products development throughout the State of California to identify research gaps and partnerships as well as to establish priorities for research activites to increase the promotion and usage of wood products to aid in the reduction of wood bio-mass in forestry which create elevated fuel loads and larger more destructive wildfires. Status: not submitted (progress delayed by CDFFP).

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Patrick Lemieux, “Distributed Windturbine LifeLine”, 12 WTUs

Awardee Patrick Lemieux, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, plemieux@calpoly.edu

Award 12 units (3 Sm / 3 F / 3 W / 3 S)

Summary of Accomplishments The original Bently release time proposal focused on two general areas of research; the award specified that the committee emphasized the first project:

I. “Distributed Windturbine LifeLine”.

II. “CAES: Improving Internal Combustion Engines with Compressed Air Energy Storage”.

I. Windturbine LifeLine PCM System Development Downtime, troubleshooting, and maintenance remain substantial components of wind energy costs, limiting locations where wind power can compete. Sophisticated remote monitoring systems can increase reliability; however, the investment commitments required prevent their widespread use with distributed wind (DW) turbines. The goal of this project is to develop an inexpensive prognostic condition monitoring (PCM) system with a base material manufacturing production price targeted at $100. Expected to streamline maintenance and provide feedback on field performance, the concept was embraced by leading American and international manufacturers. Specific goals for the PCM device include:

1. Minimize the number of sensors and subsystems on the PCM device, and monitor only the most critical components of the machine. The selection of the sensors is based on problems identified in extensive surveys and studies of existing commercial systems, with leading manufacturers;

2. Focus on three basic root causes of failure: turbine overspeed, tower instabilities, and blade imbalance (again, based on industry surveys);

3. Leverage “Internet of Things” (IoT) technology to interface with installers, operators, owners and manufacturers;

The research work thus focused specifically on the development of a new type of monitoring system tailored for distributed wind turbines, one capable of providing warnings of impending malfunction, before such malfunctions create a catastrophic failure of the system. The PCM device that we developed is called the “Windturbine LifeLine”.

This idea initiated from a 2013-2015 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-funded project on the development of a “Sustainable Manufacturing, Advanced Research and Technology (SMART) Roadmap for the Future of Distributed Wind Energy in America”, an action plan to maintain and grow technological and market leadership for wind energy in this country. In my role as “National

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Mechanical Subgroup Leader”, I played a part in drafting what has become a roadmap for research and development priorities for the distributed wind industry, and we identified the lack of low-cost health condition monitoring as a key problem to solve in this industry. The fact that extensive PCM systems already exist in other industries, such as the gas turbine and reciprocating engine industries, as well the utility wind industry, meant that our focus could be on the development of a new device, rather than pure research on the problem itself, and thus was perfectly suited for Cal Poly. An initial grant from the Department of Energy (STTR Phase I), completed in 2018, helped us create a promising working prototype of the LifeLine. Using vibration spectrum recording as the primary measurement technique, it:

1) Validated the algorithms and methods (both designed at Cal Poly) for detecting trends, using approaches common in the gas turbine and reciprocating engines industry;

2) Demonstrated its capability through field tests at the Cal Poly Wind Power Research Center, set to operate both within expected parameters and with simulated defects. The prototype processed its data during normal operation to form a reference data repository that it used to infer anomalies. Once the turbine was modified to simulate such anomalies, the LifeLine successfully and reliably detected them, and issued wireless-cellular alerts describing the event. The success of the project at that point really depended on securing external funding for development work beyond a simple prototype. Access to commercial machines for in-field testing, with all that this entails, is critical at this point. A Phase II proposal was submitted in 2018 to enhance the algorithms developed and tested during the Phase I grant and conduct these in-field tests. The goal was to optimize the manufacturing and commercialization of the unit, with significant support from the industry, planned collaboration between the CENG and the College of Business, and involved nearly a dozen students from different Cal Poly colleges, universities abroad, new incoming graduate students specifically to work on this project, and industry. The development of this improved prototype, and testing on commercial wind turbines, through the performance of the Phase II grant, was the main scope of the Bently release time requested in February 2018.

Unfortunately, this Phase II proposal was not funded (Summer 2018). And thus, the main goal of the project through the current period of Bently support became identifying and securing alternative funding source for the project. Several new funding opportunities were identified; 2 (large, external) became the main focus of this efforts; 2 (small, internal) funding opportunities were also targeted. As of this writing, the two large grant proposals were not funded. The two small ones were successful.

II. CAES: IC Engine Cycles My secondary area of research during the period of performance involved compressed air energy storage (CAES), and its use in internal combustion engines. This work is performed in collaboration with the École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), with experimental laboratory facilities, computational modeling, and analytical work shared between teams at both schools. Our recent focus, through the period of Bently support, has been on to leverage the concept of CAES-boosted thermodynamic GT cycles (for which Cal Poly filed several patents over the past 2 years) to reciprocating internal

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combustion engines. Due to the confidential nature of the patent filing process, we cannot disclose technical details of the mechanism and process. However, the improved method and mechanisms have been reviewed by the technology transfer experts at Aligo Innovation, who recently decided to file it as a new patent. Additionally, they are conducting a search for business partners to support further experimental research on the concept, for a stake in the intellectual property. We believe that this may be the best way to secure continuing funding on the project in the future.

Publications and other Deliverables

Peer-reviewed conference papers (Unfortunately, as the work on the LifeLine project focused on grant writing in the past Bently cycle, no new papers were published. The work on CAES-IC being the subject of a new patent filing, that work also cannot currently be published. We expect that it will be published in the coming year or two.)

Patents filed/awarded (Cal Poly Corporation) 1. “Air-Cycle Environmental Control Systems and Methods for Automotive Applications”, Patent No.:

US 9,249,998 B2

Patents filed/awarded (Aligo Innovation – https://technologytransfer.ca/en) 1. “In-cylinder air injection to use CAES (compressed air energy storage) and stratified in-cylinder

exhaust gas recirculation in internaI combustion engine OR System, method and apparatus to improve spark ignition and compression ignition internal combustion engine with compressed air energy storage (CAES) and stratified exhaust gas recirculation” [Docket number pending]

Student Impact

Supervision of Cal Poly M.S. student project 1. Ryan Takatsuka. (Lead advisor: J. Ridgely). Ryan developed the first algorithms used in the LifeLine,

participated in field-testing, and worked in various capacity on the project for over 2 years. He successfully defended his thesis on 5/17/2019.

Proposals and other Leverage

Proposals associated with projects: 1. U. S. Department of Energy SBIR/STTR FY 2017 Phase II Release 2 FOA Number: DE-FOA-0001795.

Title: “SMART Windpower LifeLine Phase II: Expanding Markets, Improving Reliability and Reducing Costs” (PI: Lemieux) Aim: design and produce a small, inexpensive device, using a minimal set of vibration transducers sufficient to properly monitor and evaluate the overall health of wind turbines, and to rapidly communicate warnings to operators. Grant total cost: $1,000,000 Status: not funded. [NOTE: This proposal, following the successful Phase I completion of the same award, represented the main scope for all the work proposed in the current Bently period. The loss of this Phase II award caused a shift in focus, from research to the identification and preparation of new grant opportunities to fund the project.]

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2. U. S. Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Distributed Wind Turbine Competitiveness Improvement Project - Round 7 TOPIC: SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION Request for Proposals Number RGZ-9-92215 Title: “Optimizing Bergey Excel-15 System Operations with Innovative SMART WINDPOWER LIFELINE” (PI & Technical Director: Lemieux) Aim: design and develop a “Version 2” LifeLine prototype and install it on a commercial Bergey Excel 15 distributed wind turbine. The proposed project aimed at demonstrating and quantifying the potential cost savings and the resulting lower levelized cost of energy captured through condition monitoring and alerts, with an industry partner. Grant total cost: $517,300 Status: not funded.

3. U. S. Department of Energy Wind Innovations for Rural Economic Development (WIRED). Title: “SMART Wind R&D: Fully Integrated Innovations to Enhance Rural Grid Reliability and Resilience” (Collaborator: Lemieux) Grant total cost: $1,200,000 Status: not funded.

4. Cal Poly CENG Returned Indirect Cost (R-IDC) RFP, Winter 2019 Title: “Distributed-scale Windturbine LifeLine Prototype Development” (PI: Lemieux) Grant total cost: $4,000 Status: funded.

5. Cal Poly CENG Returned Indirect Cost (R-IDC) RFP, Winter 2019 Title: “Department of Energy 2019 Distributed Wind Turbine Competitiveness Improvement Project Grant Application” (Price Matching Funds for DoE CIP award) (PI: Lemieux) Grant total cost: $12,000 + 6 WTU/year for 2 years Status: funded. [NOTE: Following the “not funded” decision of the DoE CIP grant proposal this summer, the CENG has extended the use of this award for Price Matching in other funding opportunities, through August 2021]

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Sthanu Mahadev, “Hygrothermomechanical Response of Tapered Laminated Composite Tubes: An Improved Analytical Investigation”, 6 WTUs Awardee Sthanu Mahadev, Assistant Professor (Tenure-track), Mechanical Engineering, smahadev@calpoly.edu

Award 5 units (5 in 2018 Summer quarter.)

Summary of Accomplishments This document outlines an summarized version of two engineering research problems associated with the Bently Summer 2018 appointment. As a part of this endeavor, I was actively involved in developing a novel comprehensive mathematical framework for predicting the sectional properties and stress-strain based mechanical response in thin-walled tapered unsymmetrical composite beam cross-sections using the fundamentals of composite material mechanics. Thin-walled tapered anisotropic composite beams possessing closed-ended cross-sections are used extensively in the aeronautical/aerospace industry as a primary load-bearing mechanical members and as reinforcing stiffener members. Thin-walled composite beam models have been widely utilized to simulate the behavior of such engineering structural elements.

I was successful in formulating an elaborate procedure that accurately quantifies the mechanical response of such composite configurations under externally subjected hygrothermomechanical loading environment. The analytical results obtained by tuning a host of mechanical parameters were further substantiated with a Finite Element based ANSYS routine. Excellent agreement was achieved between the analytical predictions and numerical estimates. The overarching goals of this exercise were a) To provide a composite material based structural designers with an effective mathematical tool that is able to serve as a viable means to generate preliminary structural behavior data and assist in performing broad parametric studies with hopes to alleviate the need to immediately resort to complex FEA analysis. b) Incorporate the research findings toward developing an advanced level composite class for Fall-2019 ME curriculum c) Develop a custom computational algorithm in C or FORTRAN that can be later compiled into a ready-to-use app-based problem-solver d) Systemic translation of this work into an international conference paper at the next ASME or AIAA or SAMPE conference.

Two of my undergraduate students from ME 412 were involved in assisting with the numerical analysis of this work. Her efforts and learning outcomes will be extended in designing and developing a testing platform in the near future. Some of the funding provided will be utilized towards developing an experimental routine to generate test results.

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Publications and other Deliverables (students in bold)

Peer-reviewed conference papers Sthanu Mahadev, Wen S Chan, Taylor Best, Reiley Schraeger. Closed-form Solutions for Predicting Interlaminar Shear Stress and Hygrothermomechanical Normal Stress in Composite Beams with Rectangular and Tubular Cross-sections. SAMPE Conference May 2019 (Published). Student Impact

Supervision of Cal Poly B.S students • Melanie Lim (ME, Bachelor of Science, Cal Poly, Spring 2018-Summer 2018). • Reiley Schraeger (ME, Bachelor of Science, Cal Poly, Spring 2018-Fall 2018). • Taylor Best (ME, Bachelor of Science, Cal Poly, Spring 2018-Spring 2019).

My second research problem involved high-performance composites laminates that consisted of large number of plies oriented at various angles according to the loadings. When analyzing a thick laminate, it would be efficient to use average properties that would represent the desired model, instead of going through the calculations and obtaining the stiffness matrices for each layer. A novel analytical averaging process was developed, termed as “effective or equivalent homogeneity” which essentially replaces the heterogeneous composite medium by a macroscopic homogeneous material.

Structures made of fibrous composite materials are heterogeneous in nature due to different geometrical orientations of fibers in a laminate. To analyze these structures, it is extremely difficult and time consuming to retain their true structural representation. To overcome this difficulty, homogenized material properties can be evaluated for different levels, so- called equivalent property, which is usually adopted. In this homogenization approach, macroscopic homogeneity and their characteristics of structural response need to be considered. This study focused on developing equivalent coefficients of thermal expansion of homogenized laminates by taking into account induced curvature and shear deformation. Laminas were first analyzed to compare the modified method to the conventional method. The modified method was used to predict equivalent properties of symmetric, un-symmetric, and un-balanced laminates. The equivalent properties were compared to the convention method and equivalent ply stresses are compared to FEA results. Finally, a broad parametric study was conducted to compare the mathematical accuracy of modified vs. conventional method on equivalent properties of individual lamina based on different laminate stacking sequences.

Other Leverage Successful completion of this research has built confidence in developing an experimental methodology to further validate and reinforce the potential of my previously developed mathematical model. This avenue has generated further interest from students in my ME 412 class to participate in undergraduate scholarly research. Secondly, A NSF material acquisition proposal was developed based on the successful outcomes of this project that supplemented previous research from the primary authors. Although the proposal was not accepted, it provided me further motivation to scour for other possible funding sources such as the local California based composite industries to sponsor small undergraduate projects.

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NSF funded MRI grant program 2018 (unfunded)

Principal PI: Dr. Sthanu Mahadev & Dr. Eltahry Elghandour The aim of this grant was to develop a comprehensive material characterization platform utilizing a state-of-the-art Digital Image Correlation (DIC) based full-field strain measurement system. One of my professorial goals as the PI were to make strategic efforts in seamlessly integrating this equipment with the currently existing lab equipment at Cal Poly. More importantly, this addition would advance my ability to incorporate my research into the classroom. This avenue will hope to effectively provide a broad exposure to students and expand their knowledge horizon.

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Mohammad Noori , “Corrosion Mitigation with Maxon Technologies”, 6 WTUs

Awardee Mohammad Noori, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, mnoori@calpoly.edu

Award

Total units (6 in Fall 2018 quarter)

Summary of Accomplishments The main goal of the original proposal, for 12 WTU’s of release time, was to initiate the formation of a laboratory, and a corresponding education and research program, in Corrosion Mitigation; an important research area within the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). My motivation for the aforementioned goal was due to two reasons: 1) by building upon my experience in this field, and the complimentary strengths and opportunities at Cal Poly, create a research-education program that could benefit our students and Cal Poly, 2) in academic year 2017-18, Maxon Technologies, a company owned by one of our alumni, provided us an initial funding and some major equipment in support of a promising research project in corrosion mitigation. Dr. Elghandour worked closely with me on that endeavor, which also supported a few students who worked on the feasibility study supported by Maxon.

Unfortunately, in late Spring 2018 we both realized that despite earlier promises by Maxon, a long term relationship with that company, which was pivotal in launching the envisioned plan, was not feasible or would benefit Cal Poly. Therefore, thanks to the generous support provided by Bently Center, and requesting a 6 WTU of Leave Without pay, I decided to devote my efforts to Education, Research, in my area of SHM (focus of my work is AI algorithms for diagnosis and damage detection of mechanical and structural systems), as well as Professional Services & External Linkages, that would enhance the visibility of Cal Poly. Following please find a summary of the outcomes of my efforts in the aforementioned categories.

1. Educational Endeavors Thanks to the release time support by Bently Center, the following activities was made possible:

1.1 Developed and Launched a One Day Educational Workshop

As an extension of my online course (https://www.udemy.com/how-to-write-a-research-paper/) that has now been taken by over 2,500 students across the globe, I developed a one-day workshop on How to Conduct an Effective Research and How to Write An Effective Journal Paper. No program/course on this subject is offered at any major university, yet it is badly needed. The first invitational workshop was held at UCLA, on May 24, 2019. I have been invited to present this workshop at a few other major universities. (https://www.cee.ucla.edu/upcoming-events/how-to-conduct-effective-research-how-to-write-an-effective-research-paper/)

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1.2 A Graduate Level Text Book on the Fundamentals of Reliability

I could complete and publish the following book that I had started with a colleague during AY 2017-18;

Risk and Reliability in Structural Engineering: Theoretical Basis, by N. Lu and M. Noori, Momentum Press, pp150. ISBN-13: 978-1-94708-336-3 (print), ISBN-13: 978-1-94708-337-0 (e-book), 2019.

1.3 A Course Outline for an Independent Study on the Application of AI in System Diagnosis

I have supervised a few UG research studies (ISP) in the past on the application of AI methodologies for damage detection and Structural Engineering (SHM). During my leave I prepared a structured course outline. I introduced this ISP for the first time in Winter and Spring 2019. (See Section 4 for details.)

2. Research Activities This leave provided an opportunity to continue and strengthen my research collaborations with several colleagues/institutions, with whom I had built a collaboration during my Sabbatical Leave. This allowed me to co-supervise doctoral students and scholars at those schools. All co-authors listed below are collaborators from those institutions, unless noted otherwise. Completion of all activities below was made possible, in part, due to the generous support by Bently award. Publications and other Deliverables (students in bold) Peer-reviewed conference papers 1. M.A. Aredebili, M. Noori, F. Pourkamali-Anaraki, S. M. Seyed-Kolbadi, “Application of Response

Surface Meta-Model In Probabilistic Analysis of Concrete Dams,” Proceedings of the 2019 US Society on Dams (USSD) Annual Conference, Chicago, April 8-11, 2019, pp 12.

2. W. Altabey, M. Noori, Y. Zhao, “Assessment of Urban infrastructure Resilience: An Overview and a New Resilience Evaluation Theory, “Proc. of the 2nd International Workshop on Resilience,” Shanghai, China, Oct. 31-Nov. 2-, 2018, pp 8.

3. R. Ghiasi, M. R. Ghasemi, M. Noori, “A non-parametric approach toward Structural health monitoring for processing big data collected from the sensor network.” Int. Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Stanford, September 10-12, 2019. [To Appear].

4. R. Ghiasi, M. R. Ghasemi, M. Noori, “Uncertainty Handling in Structural Damage Detection Using A Non-Probabilistic Meta-Model,” 8th Int. Conf. on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Eng. Structures (EVACES), Sept. 5-8, 2019, Nanjing, China. [To Appear].

5. M. Noori, T. Wang, W. Altabey, R. Ghiasi, “Identification of Cracks in an Euler-Bernoulli Beam Based on Closed Form Solutions Using Bayesian Inference,” 8th Int. Conf. on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Eng. Structures (EVACES), Sept. 5-8, 2019, Nanjing, China. [To Appear].

6. W. Altabey, M. Noori, “New Platform for Automated detection of Pipeline defects in closed-circuit television images using deep learning techniques.” 8th Int. Conf. on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Eng. Structures (EVACES), Sept. 5-8, 2019, Nanjing, China. [To Appear].

7. Ahmed Silik, Mohammad Noori, “Data Processing Based Wavelet Transform In Structural Engineering,” Int’l Workshop on Data Science in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, June 8-9, 2019, pp12.

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Peer-reviewed journal Papers (Only Papers Submitted/Pending/Published in 2019 Listed) 1. Ahmed Silik, Mohammad Noori, Wael Altabey, Ying Zhao, “A New Structural Health Monitoring

Scheme Using An Optimum Wavelet Decomposition Level Selection”, Int’l Journal of Structural Health Monitoring. {Under Review}.

2. Futao Ni, Jian Zhang, Mohammad Noori, “ Health Monitoring of the Suspension Cables of Jiangyin Bridge, via Deep Learning Method for Data Compression and Reconstruction,” Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, [To Appear].

3. P. Narjabadifam, M. Noori, D. Cardone, R. Eradat, M. Kiani, “Shape memory alloy (SMA)-based Superelasticity-assisted Slider (SSS): Part I- concept proposal and feasibility study for aseismic isolation of structures,” IoP J. of Smart Materials and Structures. {Under Review}.

4. P. Ghannadia, M. Noori, “Structural Damage detection and severity identification of truss structures by modified exact expansion and grey wolf optimizer,” IoP J of Inverse Problems. {Under Review}.

5. M. Ghabdian, S. B. Beheshti-Aval, M. Noori, Wael A. Altabey, “Time dependent reliability of RC beams considering simultaneous effect of temperature, creep and shrinkage,” Advances in Structural Engineering. {Under Review}.

6. W. Altabey, M. Noori, Y. Zhao, “Resilient and Sustainable Strategic Framework for Urban Infrastructure Systems-An Overview on Modeling, Design and Assessment.” A Special Volume of the Int. J. of Sustainable Materials and Structural Systems. {Under Review}.

7. Y. Zhao, M. Noori, W. Altabey, “Reaching Law Based Sliding Mode Control for a Frame Structure.” Journal of Structural Control & Health Monitoring. {Under Review}.

8. R. Kumar, M. Noori, “Structural Health Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbine Systems-A Review, J. of Wind Turbine Structures, {Under Review}.

9. V. Ahmadian, S. B. Beheshti-Aval, Mohammad Noori, “Real-time Damage detection of bridges using adaptive time-frequency analysis and ANN Ensemable,” Journal of Numerical Methods in Civil Engineering. {Under Review}.

10. Alex Kost, Mohammad Noori, “Applying Neural Networks for Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems,” Journal of Structural Durability and Health Monitoring. [To Appear].

11. Wael Altabey, Mohammad Noori, Ying Zhao, “Tensile Creep Monitoring of BFRP Plate of Electrical Potential Change with ANNs”, Scientia [To Appear].

12. Tianyu Wang, Mohammad Noori, Wael Altabey, “Identification of Cracks in an Euler-Bernouli Beam Using Bayesian Inference and Analytical Solution of Vibration Modes. IoP J. of Smart Materials and Structures. [To Appear].

13. Ying Zhao, Mohammad Noori, Wael Altabey, Ramin Ghiasi, “A Fatigue Damage Model for FRP Composite Laminate Systems Based on Stiffness Reduction.” Journal of Structural Durability and Health Monitoring, Vol 13, No. 1, pp 85-103, 2019.

14. Zhao, Ying, Noori, Mohammad, Wael Altabey, Taher Awad, “A Comparison of Three Different Methods for the Identification of Hysterically Degrading Structures Using BWBN Model,” Journal of Frontiers in Built Environment, Special Issue: Innovative Approaches in Computational Structural Engineering. January 2019, Volume 4, Article 80, pp 1-19.

15. M.A. Hariri-Ardebili, S.M. Seyed-Kolbadi, and M. Noori, “Review Article, Response Surface Method for Material Uncertainty Quantification of Infrastructure,” Shock and Vibration, Vol. 2018, Article ID 1784203, pp 14, OpenSource: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sv/aip/1784203/ OR https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1784203

Editor 1. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Resilience, 2019. Co-Editors: Mohammad Noori,

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Zhishen Wu, Xilin Liu, CRC Press, [To Appear]. 2. A Special Volume of Scientia in Honor of Eminent Scholar, Prof. Goodarz Ahmadi, for His Seminal

Contributions in the Field of Engineering Mechanics. A Collection of 30 Invited Papers. Guest Editors: Mohammad Noori, and Hassan Vafai. Scientia Iranica, Transactions on Mechanical Eng., Vol. 25, Serial No. 6, December 2018, Page 3111-3273.

3. F.M. Nazri , E. N.Farsangi, H. Varum, M. Noori, New Frontiers in Earthquake Engineering: Industry Based Applications, Wiley Publishing (Exp’d publication date: Dec. 2019)

4. M. Noori, Editor, “Science and Technology Diplomacy: A Focus on the Americas, with Lessons for the World,” Volume I, by Hassan A. Vafai, Kevin Lansey, Sustainable Structural Systems Collection, Momentum Press, September 2018, ISBN-13: 978-1-94708-346-2 (print), ISBN-13: 978-1-94708-347-9 (e-book), Pages 151.

5. M. Noori, Editor, “Science and Technology Diplomacy: A Focus on the Americas, with Lessons for the World,” Volume II, by Hassan A. Vafai, Kevin Lansey, Sustainable Structural Systems Collection, Momentum Press, October, ISBN-13: 978-1-94708-362-2 (print), ISBN-13: 978-1-94708-363-9 (e-book), Pages 117.

6. M. Noori, Editor, “Science and Technology Diplomacy: A Focus on the Americas, with Lessons for the World,” Volume III, by Hassan A. Vafai, Kevin Lansey, Sustainable Structural Systems Collection, Momentum Press, November 2018, ISBN-13: 978-1-94708-364-6 (print), ISBN-13: 978-1-94708-364-3 (e-book), Pages 121.

7. M. Noori, Editor, “Energy Methods in Stress Analysis,” by Kenneth Molton, Sustainable Structural Systems Collection, Momentum Press, January 2019, ISBN-13: 978-1-94944-917-4 (print), ISBN-13: 978-1-94944-918-1 (e-book), Pages 134.

8. M. Noori, Editor, “A Systems Approach to Modeling the Water-Energy-Land-Food Nexus. Defining and Analyzing the Landscape,” Volume I, by Bernard Amadei, Sustainable Structural Systems Collection, Momentum Press, January 2019, ISBN-13: 978-1-94708-352-3 (print), ISBN-13: 978-1-94708-353-0 (e-book), Pages 222.

9. M. Noori, Editor, “A Systems Approach to Modeling the Water-Energy-Land-Food Nexus. System Dynamics Modeling and Dynamic Scenario Planning,” Volume II, by Bernard Amadei, Sustainable Structural Systems Collection, Momentum Press, February 2019, ISBN-13: 978-1-94708-354-7 (print), ISBN-13: 978-1-94708-355-4 (e-book), Pages 236.

Books Co-Authored/Published 1. Zhishen Wu, Jian Zhang and Mohammad Noori, Fibre Optic Sensors For Infrastructure Health

Monitoring: Volume 1—Introduction and Fundamental Concepts, Momentum Press, pp186. ISBN-13: 978-1-94561-224-4 (print), ISBN-13: 978-1-94561-225-1 (e-Book), 2019.

2. Zhishen Wu, Jian Zhang and Mohammad Noori, Fibre Optic Sensors For Infrastructure Health Monitoring: Volume 2—Applications and Case Studies, Momentum Press, pp 148. ISBN-13: 978-1-94561-222-0 (print), ISBN-13: 978-1-94561-223-7 (e-Book), 2019.

Keynote & Invited Talks (An Honorarium Received and Travel & Accommodations Paid) 1. Keynote Presentation: A Strategic Framework for Creating Resilient, Ecological and Sustainable

Infrastructure Systems–An Overview of the Assessment of Resilience of Complex Infrastructure Systems. 2018 International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering and Materials, and the 1st World Symposium on Sustainable Bio-Composite Materials and Structures (ACEM2018), November 9-11, 2018, China.

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3. Keynote Presentation: A Strategic Framework for Creating Resilient, Ecological and Sustainable Infrastructure Systems – An Overview. The 2nd International Workshop on Resilience, October 31, 2018, China.

4. Keynote Paper: A Novel ANN-Based Approach for the System Identification of BWBN Hysteretic Systems for SHM: A Comparative Study, the Third International Conference on Damage Mechanics, ICDM3, Tongji University, China, July 4-6, 2018. (Presented July 5)

5. Invited Paper: A New Method for the Identification of Hysteretically Degrading Structures Using BWBN Model, The 7th World Conference on Structural Control and Monitoring, Special Symposium on “Monitoring-based Performance Assessment of Infrastructure,” Qingdao, China, July 24, 2018

6. Invited Talk: A Probabilistic Based Approach For Structural Health Monitoring And Big Data Analysis, Harbin Institute Of Technology, Harbin, China, August 25, 2019.

Proposals In collaborations with colleagues at other Institutions and Cal Poly following Proposals have been partly prepared and we plan to finalize and submit two of these during AY 2019-20. 1. Agency: NSF (PI Noori, co-PIs Jian Zhang (UCLA), Peyman Narjabadian (Prof., Iran) dates;

$Apparox. $350,000 Title: Shape memory alloy (SMA)-based Superelasticity-assisted Slider (SSS) for aseismic isolation of structures

Status: to be submitted

2. Agency: NSF (PI Noori, co-PIs Eltahry Elghndour, Wael Altabey (Asst. Prf. Egypt), $Apparox. $350,000 Title: Faster Dual/Multi Region-based convolutional neural network (Faster D/M-R-CNN) for Damage for Damage Identification of Composite Piping system

Status: to be submitted

3. Agency: NSF (PI Noori, co-PIs Jian Zhang (UCLA), Eltahry Elghandour) $Apparox. $350,000 Title: A Novel Bracing System For Retrofitting And Seismic Protection Of Existing Structures

Using A New High Performance Composite Metallic Foam

Status: to be submitted

3. Professional Services & External Linkages

• As the Executive Editor of the Int’l Journal of Sustainable Materials and Structural Systems (IJSMSS) solicited and organized two Special Volumes: 1- Multifunctional and Smart Structures in Structural Health Monitoring, 2- Resilience of Infrastructure Systems.

• Invited to be the Series Editor of a new Book Series, published by CRC Press (Taylor and Francis Publisher), entitled, “Resilient and Sustainable Civil, Mechanical, Aerospace and Manufacturing Engineering Systems. Launched June 2019.

• Organizer, Mini Symposia on Artificial Intelligence Based Methods for Health Monitoring of

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Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering Structures. Also, a member of the Conference Organizing Committee, 8th Int’l Conf. on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Eng. Structures (EVACES) Sept. 5-8, 2019, Nanjing, China

• Member, Int’l Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee, Secretary General and Co-Chair, Keynote Session 1, The 2nd International Workshop on Resilience, October 31-November 2, 2018, Shanghai, China.

• Member, Int’l Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee, and Secretary General The 3rd International Workshop on Resilience, To be held at UCLA, January 20-22, 2020..

• Member, Advisory and Organizing Committee, 2018 Int’l Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering and Materials, and the 1st World Symposium on Sustainable Bio-Composite Materials and Structures, Nov.9-11, 2018, Nanjing Forestry University, China.

• External Examiner, Doctoral Research Committee, School of Civil Engineering, University College, Dublin, Ireland, July 25-26, 2019. Dissertation Title: “Traffic Load Monitoring On Long-Span Bridges,” Advisor: Professor Eugene OBrien. Student: Alexandra Micu

• External Reviewer, European Science Foundation, Post-Doctoral Research Proposals, (ESF-FWO), January 2019-Present.

• External Reviewer, ADEC Award for Research Excellence Program, Research Division in Higher Education Sector, The Abu Dhabi Education Council. October 15-18, 2018.

• Chief Technical Advisor and Partner, Variability Institute, https://variability.institute/about. Variability Institute is a start-up company and a partnership introducing a breakthrough software suites and modeling methodologies for variability and uncertainty assessment and quantification. January 2019- Present

• Invited Distinguished Adjunct Professor, Interdisciplinary Dept. Of Structural Health Monitoring, KN Toosi University, Iran (The first SHM Dept. in Asia). January 2019-Present.

Student Impact

Supervision of student projects 1. Jake Scott Grillo, Mechanical Engineering Jr., Cal Poly. Application of AI and Machine Learning in

Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Detection. Winter and Spring 2019 for 4 credits. 2. During the period of this Leave I did not supervise any student at Cal Poly. However, worked with

my former Cal Poly MS Student, Alex Kost during this period to submit and publish his MS thesis work in a journal (See journal Paper # 11 above). 3. I have been involved as an external co-advisor and in co-supervision of several doctoral students and post docs in Iran, Malaysia, China and Egypt whose names are listed as co-authors in all journal and conference publications above.

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Peter Schuster and Brian Self, “Online Content for Senior Project: Creating an Integrated Student Experience”, 6 WTUs

Awardee Peter Schuster, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, pschuste@calpoly.edu

Brian Self, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, bself@calpoly.edu

Award 6 units (3 units each in 2018 Summer quarter)

Summary of Accomplishments The primary goal of this project was to complete the PolyLearn implementation of the ME senior project sequence (ME 428-429-430). In 2015, the department chose to convert the lecture unit from the first quarter into a lab unit in the third quarter (to improve final outcomes). A Bently award in 2017 supported the initial adaptation of lecture content into online learning modules for the first part of the course sequence. The current project focused on completing that effort and improving the original modules based on feedback from a year of student use.

There were three specific goals for the current project, described below. Each of these has been completed. We provide a brief description of the deliverables below each goal:

1. New online content for remaining modules All content from the ME 428 lectures has been incorporated into online content, including videos, readings, in-class activities, and assignments, as appropriate.

2. Formative assessments for reading/videos After watching videos or reading assignments, students complete a short online quiz to verify their understanding. Quizzes are auto-graded and provide immediate feedback.

3. Additional improvements based on student & faculty feedback from first year of use o “Instructor instructions” have been included in each week of the courses, ensuring lab

instructors know what to focus on and how to reinforce online content. o An online Project Management tool (TeamGantt) has been integrated. o A weekly timeline graphic was added as a quick visible guide to project status. o Content in each weekly section was reorganized for clarity and ease of use. o All assignments have due dates.

Student and faculty feedback from the first two years of use has been positive. Senior project results have been favorably reviewed by sponsors and external reviewers at Expo, showing some improvement over the original format (first quarter lecture). As a result of the Bently support, we view the online content as ready for continuous improvement.

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Student Impact

Impact of Changes on Students 1. All ME students will use this course material during their senior year. 2. Student and faculty feedback from the first year implementation has been addressed. 3. Student feedback from second year implementation showed improvement. 4. The online content will ensure consistency despite the variety of projects and faculty advisors

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Russell V. Westphal, “Instrument for ME Fluids lab and BLDS Proposal”, 9 WTUs Awardee Russell V. Westphal, rvwestph@calpoly.edu

Award 9 WTU (15 requested; actual WTU used: 2 in Fall 2018, 3 in Winter 2019, 4 in Spring 2019)

Summary of Accomplishments Restatement of Original Proposal Summary Paragraph (verbatim). It is proposed to use the requested 15 WTU Bently Center release time award to accomplish two tasks. First, the proposer will work with a student to develop, document, and deploy a low-cost, wireless instrument for use in the required ME 347 Fluids Lab. The proposer will conduct trials of the instrument with students in ME 347 lab sections during AY 2018-19, and make the evaluation of that experience as well as the documentation and hardware available to other ME 347 lab instructors. Second, the proposer will develop formal proposals to support his team’s work on the Boundary Layer Data System (BLDS) project. The support of the Donald E. Bently Center would be used to provide the proposer with summer and academic year release time necessary to lead the lab instrument development effort, and would result in documented, tested hardware as well as materials to accompany its use by students in the ME 347 Fluids Lab. The release time would also allow time for proposal development that is necessary to support the continued success of the BLDS project. The proposer has demonstrated the ability to make effective use of Bently Center awards, having employed 3 previously completed Bently projects to write proposals resulting in 7 external awards valued at over $400 K; in addition, during the period covered by the proposer’s current Bently award, he has submitted two proposals resulting in contract awards of $76 K. These projects have supported work involving dozens of students, significantly enhancing the value of their education and directly impacting their job placement. Overall, the proposer has the Department’s most successful track record of developing support for his work: since fall 2008, he has received awards totaling over $1.5 M in sponsorship including providing to the ME Department 56 WTU direct support from sponsored contracts. It is acknowledged that an award of 15 WTU would include the honor and privilege of using the title “Donald E. Bently Professor”.

It has been my privilege to employ the Bently Center award in the form of 9 WTU during fall 2018 through spring 2019 to support the second proposed task “BLDS Proposals” described above (the first task was not funded). The award supported development of 9 BLDS-related proposals that have already resulted in six awards—2 external awards, 4 internal, $109.5 K total value ($45 K external, $64.5 K internal). Three additional invited white papers submitted to external clients with ROM budgets totaling $210K are under consideration by prospective clients; one of these ($15 K) is currently being negotiated for probable award later this summer.

Aside from the preparation of written proposals, other outreach to cultivate prospective clients for sponsored research—and to recruit students for BLDS projects—has been undertaken. In October, the

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BLDS project was again presented (with student Zach Wilson) to the Mechanical Engineering Industrial Advisory Board. Also, in November three students prepared and presented posters describing the BLDS-related research they conducted with support from the College’s 2018 Summer Undergraduate Research Program. Formal presentations concerning the BLDS Project were given to the ME graduate seminar students, and for US Air Force officers visiting Cal Poly from Vandenberg Air Force Base.

The proposer has continued to strengthen the underpinning for the proposed work through completion of two papers with a total of six student co-authors that were drafted and accepted for peer-reviewed American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics meetings this summer. The first of these was presented by student co-author Isabel Jellen at AIAA AVIATION on June 18, 2019 (Bently Center support formally acknowledged in the final paper). The second is scheduled for presesntation by student co-author Steven Waal at the AIAA Joint Propulsion and Energy Conference in August 2019.

In anticipation of future sponsored work, BLDS-related projects were proposed to the COE’s Summer Undergraduate Research Program and positions for 4 students were awarded. Students were recruited during Spring 2019, and these projects are in early stages of work now (June 2019) along with externally-sponsored work. Students Andy Wu and Santiago Cisneros, eager to become involved in the BLDS project, initiated informal projects and in one case (Andy Wu) secured Baker-Koob funding for the hardware needed for his work.

Publications and other Deliverables (students in bold)

Peer-reviewed conference papers 11. Jellen, I., Wilson, Z., and Westphal, R. V. “A Next-Generation Modular Boundary Layer Data System”,

paper to be presented at AIAA Aviation 2019, Dallas, TX, 17-21 June 2019 12. Dick, S. C., Ng, P., Gnagy, S. L., Waal, S. R., and Westphal, R. V. "Compressible Isolated

Actuator Disk Theory Solutions," extended abstract accepted for AIAA 2019 Propulsion and Energy Forum, Indianapolis, IN, 19–22 August 2019

Peer-reviewed journal papers None.

Internet/newsletter articles 1. "Class Challenge Turns into Technical Paper" College of Engineering blog, May 14 2019;

https://www.ceng.calpoly.edu/class-challenge-turns-into-technical-paper/ 2. "Taking Flight," Cal Poly College of Engineering web site, Fall 2018:

https://engineering.calpoly.edu/taking-flight

Formal Presentations 3. Westphal, R. V. and Wilson, Z. “The Boundary Layer Data System Project”, presented to the

Mechanical Engineering Department Industrial Advisory Board, Oct. 26, 2018 4. Taas, R., and Westphal, R. V. Evaluation of Lithium Iron Disulphide Batteries for use in the Boundary

Layer Data System” poster presentation at the Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium, Nov. 2, 2018.

5. Sharma, N. and Westphal, R. V. “Surface Pressure Disturbance Upstream of the Boundary Layer Data System” poster presentation at the Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium, Nov. 2, 2018.

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6. Wilson, Z., and Westphal, R. V. “A New Boundary Layer Data System Module for Measuring Mechanical Strain and Acceleration” poster presentation at the Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium, Nov. 2, 2018.

7. Westphal, R. V. "The Boundary Layer Data System" ME 562 Graduate Seminar, presented January 30 , 2019

8. Westphal, R. V. “The Boundary Layer Data System” presentation for USAF officers from Vandenberg AFB, 2019

9. Jellen, I. , Wilson, Z., and Westphal, R. V. “A Next-Generation Modular Boundary Layer Data System” presented at AIAA AVIATION, June 18 2019

Student Impact

Supervision of student projects (all students listed paid hourly except as noted “unpaid”) 1. Marc Goupil (ME master’s thesis—spring 2019; paid through COE R-IDC grant) 2. Sean Casteel (ME undergrad—winter-spring 2019; paid sponsored project work) 3. Charlie Refvem (ME master’s student, paid project work—summer-fall 2018) 4. Jensen Severance (ME undergrad—winter-spring 2019; paid sponsored project work) 5. Nathan Hoyt (ME master’s thesis—spring 2018 – summer 2019, thesis defense June 27 2019) 6. Zach Wilson (ME master’s thesis—winter 2018 – present; SURP Symposium co-author). 7. Andy Wu (ME undergrad—Baker-Koob project, fall 2018 – present, unpaid). 8. Sonya Dick (ME undergrad—ME 542 class project & paper, fall 2018-spring 2019) 9. Steven Waal (ME undergrad—ME 542 class project & paper, fall 2018-spring 2019) 10. Priscilla Ng (ME undergrad—ME 542 class project & paper, fall 2018-spring 2019) 11. Sebastian Gnagy (ME undergrad—ME 542 class project & paper, fall 2018-spring 2019) 12. Santiago Cisneros (AE master’s student—winter-spring 2019, informal project work, unpaid) 13. Neal Sharma (ME undergrad—SURP Symposium poster co-author) 14. Rob Taas (AE undergrad—SURP Symposium poster co-author) Proposals and other Leverage

Active awards during the period of support 1. Boeing Commercial Airplane Company (R. V. Westphal, PI, A. G. Drake, co-PI)

Dec. 2016-Dec. 2018; $104.1K

Title: Boundary Layer Data System 2018 Aims: Develop and apply BLDS on 777 for 2018 EcoDemontrator. Status: submitted Nov. 2016, funded, completed Dec. 2018.

Proposals submitted and other funding initiated during the period of Bently support 1. Boeing Commercial Airplane Company (R. V. Westphal, PI, A. G. Drake, co-PI)

Dec. 2018-Dec. 2019; $15 K Title: Oil Flow Dispensing System Aims: Develop and apply BLDS for oil flow dispensing for 777/ GE9X engine flight test. Status: submitted Nov. 2018, funded, in progress.

2. Northrop Grumman Corp. (R. V. Westphal, PI) Dec. 2018-Dec. 2019; $30 K Title: Engine Inlet Diagnostics Aims: Investigate novel approaches to engine inlet flow diagnostics. Status: unrestricted grant/gift received Dec. 2018, funded, in progress.

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3. Cal Poly College of Engrg 2018 Summer Undergrad. Research Prog. (R.V. Westphal, PI) June 2018-August 2018; value approx. $16 K in student and faculty stipends

Title: BLDS Project Aims: Involve more students in BLDS-related non-proprietary project work Status: BLDS project (4 students) funded, in progress

4. Cal Poly College of Engineering R-IDC fund (R. V. Westphal, PI)

April 2019-July 2019; $8 K for grad student salary

Title: Codebase for Next-Gen BLDS/FTDS Aims: support grad student Marc Goupil for next-gen BLDS codebase infrastructure development

Status: awarded Feb 2019 funded, in progress

5. Cal Poly Baker-Koob fund (R. V. Westphal, PI)

Jan 2019-July 2019; $0.5 K for materials and supplies

Title: Noise Sensing Version of the Boundary Layer Data System Aims: support project costs for student Andy Wu

Status: awarded Dec 2018 funded, in progress

6. Cal Poly Mech. Engr. Donald E. Bently Center for Engrg Innovation (R. V. Westphal, PI)

Summer 2019-Summer 2020; 18 WTU release time requested

Title: BLDS to FTDS Initiative Aims: Provide PI release time for effort to expand BLDS to a comprehensive Flight Test Data System (FTDS)

Status: submitted Feb 2019, 10 WTU (approx. value $40 K) awarded

7. Boeing Commercial Airplane Company (R. V. Westphal, PI)

Summer 2019 - 2020; $120 K ROM budget

Title: A Next-Generation Boundary Layer Data System for Dynamic Pressure Measurement Aims: develop and flight test next-gen BLDS with 2-channel dynamic pressure sensing

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Status: invited white paper submitted Jan 2019 under review

8. Otto Aviation (R. V. Westphal, PI)

Summer – Fall 2019; $15 K ROM budget

Title: Boundary Layer Diagnostics Flight Test Aims: flight test of Otto aircraft using BLDS

Status: invited white paper submitted May 2019 negotiation in progress

9. US Air Force Research Laboratory (R. V. Westphal, PI, A. Drake, co-PI)

Fall 2019 – Fall 2020; $175 K ROM budget

Title: Low-Cost Flight Test Instrumentation and Consortium Aims: develop flight-capable next-gen BLDS prototype with input and evaluation of user consortium

Status: invited formal white paper submitted June 2019 under review