introduction to 3 g mobile networks
TRANSCRIPT
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3G Mobile Networks (Packet Domain)
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Agenda
• Introduction to Mobile Networks• UMTS Network• Mobility management procedures• Session management procedures• Evolution to 4G networks
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Basic Working of Mobile Networks
• The user-equipment is a radio device, analogous to a traditional radio
• But it has to both transmit and receive!• The network radio transceivers shouldn’t be
too far. • A cellular model is used, enabling both
proximity of towers and re-use of frequencies
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Cellular structure
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Network Evolution
1 G
Analog i
n nature
2 G
Introducti
on of GPRS.
Addition of
new network
elements to
support
Data
2.5 G
Digitized
3 G
Radio te
chnology
overhau
l to
support
more bw per user
Complete radio + netw
ork
overhau
l to su
pport more bw per
user
4 G
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Comparison of Available Band-width
Technology Downlink speedsGPRS (2.5G) 60-80 kbpsEDGE (2.75G) 236 kbpsUMTS (3G) 7.2 MbpsHSPA+ (3.5G) 21 MbpsLTE (4G) 50 - 100 Mbps
• Figures are theoretical speeds• Refer to the respective standards for the
actual possible speeds
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Available TechnologiesGeneration Family Available Standards
1G AMPS familty AMPS, N-AMPS, TACS, ETACS
Other NMT, HiCAP, Mobitex, DataTAC
2G GSM family GSM, CSD
3gpp2 family cdmaOne (IS-95), Ansi-J-STD
AMPS familty D-AMPS
Other CDPS, iDEN, PDC, PHS
2.5G GSM family HSCSD, GPRS, EDGE
3gpp2 family CDMA2000 1X
Other WiDEN
3G 3gpp family UMTS, WCDMA-FDD, WCDMA-TDD
3gpp2 family CDMA 2000 1X-Ev-DO Release 0
3.5G 3gpp family HSPA, HSPA+
3gpp2 family CDMA 2000 1X-Ev-DO Release A
4G 3gpp family LTE
IEEE family WiMAX-Advanced
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UMTS Network
Some important nodes in the network
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Packet Data Network
• UMTS helps to make a Mobile Station (MS) participate in any network which employs datagram management protocol – Eg: IP networks, X.25 networks
• Could be internet, private networks of corporate companies or the operator’s private networks
• To participate in the packet network, the MS needs a PDN address. This could either be statically allocated or dynamically allocated to the MS.
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Network HierarchyPLMN
LA LA
RA RA RA RA
Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
• PLMN is identified by a 3 digit MCC and a 2/3 digit MNC• LA is a number between (1-65535)• RA is a number between (1-255)• Cellid is a number between (1-65535)• Every country is assigned a MCC by the International
Telecommunication body. The national authorities further split their nation into different regions and spectrums and issue unique MNC for each of them. These are usually auctioned.
• The operators further split the PLMN into LA/RA and cell themselves based on their network designing.
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Mobile Station
• Every subscriber is identified by a IMSI which is a 15 digit number. IMSI embeds the mcc/mnc of the operator followed by the subscriber identification digits
• The IMEI identifies the equipment/hand-set.
MS/UEME(IMEI)
USIM(IMSI)
IMSIMCC MNC MSIN
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• There are broadly 2 main categories of procedures performed by the network and MS– Mobility management: This involves tracking the
movement of the MS and being able to contact the MS wherever it presently is.
– Session Management: This involves enabling the packet network participation of the MS via the UMTS network.
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Mobility Management
• Connection between MS and the Network
• Based on the connectivity with network, the ms is either in one DETACHED, IDLE or CONNECTED state
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Channels available
• System broad-cast channel• Paging-channels• Random access channels• Fast-Access channels• Dedicated channelsIn Detached state, the mobile listens to nothingIn IDLE, it listens to broad-cast and pagingIn CONNECTED, it listens to broad-cast + its dedicated
channels
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Initial Connection
• The network broadcasts ‘system information’ consisting of the plmn, cell-id in broad-cast channels
• The ms listens to these broad-casts and knows what networks are available.
• It does a PLMN-selection, then cell-selection and then does an Attach with the network.
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Attach Procedure
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Change of location
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Soft-handover
Periodic Update
• Triggered by Source-RNC rather than ms itself.• Usually happens when ms moves while in
connected state.
• Usually radio resources are released immediately.• The ms runs a timer, at expiry of which it updates
the current sgsn of its presence. The sgsn runs a timer slightly larger to detect loss of ms
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Detach
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Session Management
• The overall aim of the network is to offer the MS a participation in a packet-network!
• Each packet-network is identified by a Access Point Name (APN)
• The MS tells the network which APN it wants to be a part of. Each Apn is available by a GGSN.
• The architecture is such that the SGSN manages the mobility while GGSN manages the session. This way the reach ability of the ms to the other elements of the packet data network is ensured.
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Activation
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Deactivation
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Downlink data for IDLE MS
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Large picture
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4G Evolution• The SGSN is a bottle neck for it is in both Controlling path and
Data path• Further connections between nodes are based on SS7
protocols, while IP based protocols have proven to me more easier to manage and are easily scalable
• On the radio side, OFDM has been shown to be more efficient.
• Voice can be now carried over reliably on a packet-network. So there is no need to have a separate CS-domain.
The 4G network incorporates the above and many more changes.
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A 4G Network
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Further study…
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTS• http://www.umtsworld.com/• TS: 23.060 (off 3gpp)
http://3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/23060.htm