introduction to andriod
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Introduction to AndroidTRANSCRIPT
Introduction To
ANDROID
ByD.Kaviarasu,
MCA
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Introduction to Android
Android is a Linux-based operating system for mobile devices such as Smartphone and tablet computers, developed by Google in conjunction with the Open Handset Alliance.
Android was initially developed by Android Inc., whom Google financially backed and later purchased in 2005.
The unveiling of the Android distribution in 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance…
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
What is Android?
Open software platform for mobile development.
A complete stack – OS, Middleware, Applications.
An Open Handset Alliance (OHA) project.
Powered by Linux operating system.
Fast application development in Java.
Open source under the Apache license
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Origin of Android
Andy Rubin
Android was founded in Palo Alto, California in
October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick
Sears and Chris white who work at “Google”
to develop.
“smarter mobile devices that are more aware
of its owner’s location and preferences.”
Android was bought by “Google” in 2005.
On the 5th of the November 2007 the open handset Alliance, a
consortium of several Companies was unveiled with the goal to
develop open standards for mobile services.
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
The OHA is a group of hardware and software developers,
including Google, NTT DoCoMo, Sprint Nextel, and HTC …
Goal
Accelerate innovation in mobile
Offer consumers a richer, less expensive, and better mobile
experience
OHA have developed Android™, the first complete, open, and
free mobile platform
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Android Architecture
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Linux Kernel
Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system
services such as device drivers, security, memory
management ,process management.
The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between the
hardware and the rest of the software stack.
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Libraries
Includes a set of C/C++ libraries.
Interface through Java.
Surface manager – Handling UI
Windows.
2D and 3D graphics.
Media codecs, SQLite, Browser engine.
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Android Runtime
Dalvik VM (translator between the application side and
the operating system)
Dex files (.dex)format
Compact and efficient than class files
Limited memory and battery power
Core Libraries
Java 5 Std edition
Collections, I/O etc…
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Application Framework
Framework elements are: Intents , Content Providers ,
Views and managers
This layer has been designed to facilitate the reuse of
components in android
Developers can build their applications to execute on
android kernel and inter-operate among themselves
and with existing applications.
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Applications
Android will ship with a set of core applications
including an
Email client,
SMS program,
Calendar,
Contacts & others….
All the applications are written using the Java
programming language.
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Features of Android
Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of
components
Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices
Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library;
3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware acceleration optional)
SQLite for structured data storage Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats
(MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)
GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)
Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and Wi-Fi (hardware dependent)
Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware
dependent) Rich development environment including a device emulator,
tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the Eclipse IDE
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Versions of Android
Alpha (1.0)
Beta (1.1)
Cupcake (1.5)
Donut (1.6)
Eclair (2.0–2.1)
Froyo (2.2–2.2.3)
Gingerbread (2.3–2.3.7)
Honeycomb (3.0–3.2.6)
Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0–4.0.4)
Jelly Bean (4.1–4.3.1)
KitKat (4.4–4.4.4)
"L" release (developer preview)
Each version after "Astro" and "Bender" is named in alphabetical order after a dessert or sugary treat, with 1.5 "Cupcake" being the first and every update since following this naming convention.
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Pre-commercial release versionsAlpha(1.0) & Beta (1.1)
Android 1.0 - Alpha There were at least two internal
releases inside Google and the OHA before the Beta was released in November 2007.
For the milestones in internal releases, names of fictional robots were chosen, with various releases code-named "Astro Boy", "Bender" and "R2-D2”.
Dan Morrill created some of the first mascot logos, but the current green Android logo was designed by Irina Blok
Android 1.1- Beta
The Beta was released on November
5, 2007,while the software
development kit (SDK) was released
on November 12, 2007.
The November 5 date is popularly
celebrated as Android's "birthday".
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Android 1.5 (Cupcake)
The Cupcake was launched in 30 April
2009
Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.27
Faster Camera start up and image capture
Much faster GPS
Onscreen Soft Keyboard
Directly uploads videos to YouTube and
Picasa
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Android 1.6 (Donut)
The Donut was launched in 15 September 2009
Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29 – Quick Search
Box and Voice Search
Integrated camera, camcorder and gallery,
toggle between still and video capture modes
Battery usage indicator
CDMA support
Multilingual text-to-speech function
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Android 2.0–2.1 (Eclair)
The Éclair was Launched in 26 October 2009
Multiple Accounts for email and contact
synchronization
New browser User-Interface and support for
HTML 5
New Calendar features
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Android 2.2–2.2.3 (Froyo)
The Froyo was Launched on 20 May, 2010
Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.32
New tips widget for home screen
Improve exchange support
Multiple keyboard language
Adobe Flash Player 10.1
HotSpot
Application Update functionality
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Android 2.3–2.3.7 (Gingerbread)
Gingerbread was launched on 6 December,
2010
UI refinements for simplicity and speed
New keyboard for faster text input
One-touch word selection and copy/paste
Internet calling(VoIP Call)
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Android 3.0–3.2.6 (Honeycomb)
Honeycomb was launched on 22 Feb, 2011
Specially optimized for tablets and devices
with larger screen sizes
Refined multitasking, rich notification home
screen customizations widgets
Bluetooth-in support for Media/Picture
Transfer Protocol
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Android 4.0–4.0.4 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
Ice Cream Sandwich was launched 19 Oct, 2011
Simple, Beautiful, Useful, Refined, evolved UI
Home screen folders and favourites tray
Resizable widgets
New lock screen actions
Quick responses for incoming calls
Improved text input and spell-checking
Powerful web browsing
Contents
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Android 4.1–4.3.1 (Jelly Bean)
Jelly Bean was launched on 13 nov 2012
Android 4.2 introduces an all new Gesture Keyboard
Android 4.2 lets you place widgets on your device's lock screen to give you faster access to your calendar, Gmail, SMS
Support for group messaging via MMS.
Wi-Fi Direct support has been improved, so your device can now remember other devices.
Use the phone app in landscape orientation or while in a car dock
Improved TalkBack support with a single tap dialpad.
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Android 4.4–4.4.4 (KitKat)
Google announced Android 4.4 KitKat, internally known as Project Svelte, on 3 September 2013.
KitKat was launched on 31, October 2013
Released on Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue
Wireless printing capability
Web Views now based on Chromium engine
New framework for UI transitions
Expanded functionality for notification listener services
Storage access framework for retrieving content and documents from other sources
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Android L
Android "L" (working title) is an upcoming release of the Android mobile operating system developed by Google, unveiled on June 25, 2014 and released in beta the next day for select Google Nexus devices.
Its formal version number and official codename have not yet been announced.
The most prominent changes to "L" include a redesigned user interface built around a responsive design language referred to as "material design".
Internal changes were also made to the platform, with the Android Runtime (ART) officially replacing Dalvik for improved application performance, and changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage.
Alongside "Android L” focus Android-oriented platforms and technologies, including Android TV, in-car platform Android Auto, wearable computing platform Android Wear, and health tracking platform Google Fit.
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Android Development
DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS JAVA Android SDK Eclipse IDE (or ) MonoDevelop (Xamarin)
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES JAVA – officially supported.
The Android SDK provides you the API libraries and developer tools necessary to build, test, and debug apps for Android.
If you're a new Android developer, we recommend you download the ADT Bundle to quickly start developing apps. With a single download, the ADT Bundle includes everything you need to begin developing apps:
Eclipse + ADT plugin Android SDK Tools Android Platform-tools The latest Android platform The latest Android system image for the emulators
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages of Android
Advantages: Android is open: because it is Linux based open source so it can be
developed by anyone.
Easy access to the Android App Market: Android owners are people who love to learn the phone, with Google's Android App Market you can download applications for free.
Populist Operating System: Android Phones, different from the iOS is limited to the iphone from Apple, then Android has many manufacturers, with their respective flagship gadget from HTC to Samsung.
USB full facilities. You can replace the battery, mass storage, DiskDrive, and USB tethering.
Easy in terms of notification: the operating system is able to inform you of a new SMS, Email, or even the latest articles from an RSS Reader.
Supports all Google services: Android operating system supports all of google services ranging from Gmail to Google reader. all google services can you have with one operating system, namely Android.
Install ROM modification: There are many custom ROM that you can use on Android phones, and the guarantee will not harm your device.
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Advantages & Disadvantages of Android
Disadvantage: Connected to the Internet: Android can be said is in need of an active
internet connection. At least there should be a GPRS internet connection in your area, so that the device is ready to go online to suit our needs.
Sometimes slow device company issued an official version of Android your own.
Android Market is less control of the manager, sometimes there are malware.
As direct service providers, users sometimes very difficult to connect with the Google.
Sometimes there are ads: because it is easy and free, sometimes often a lot of advertising. In appearance it does not interfere with the performance of the application itself, as it sometimes is in the top or bottom of the application.
Wasteful Batteries, This is because the OS is a lot of "process" in the background causing the battery quickly drains.
Introduction
What is Android?
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance
Architecture
Features of Android
Versions of Android
Android Development
Conclusion
Android is truly open, free development platform based on Linux and open
source.
Handset makers can use & customize the platform without paying a royalty.
Android is open to all: industry, developers and users
Participating in many of the successful open source projects
Aims to be as easy to build for as the web
Google Android is stepping into the next level of Mobile Internet