introduction to android 2013

7/29/2019 Introduction to Android 2013

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Introduction to Android


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Outline

What is Android? Why Android?

Android Software Stack

Android Development Environment

First Android Application


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What is Android ?

Google's Android is the worlds most popularmobile platform.

It is a modified version of Linux.

Android is a software stack for mobile devices

that includes an operating system, middleware

and keyapplications.


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History

Android, Inc. was founded in October 2003by Andy Rubin ,Rich Miner, Nick Sears and

Chris White to develop, in Rubin's words

"smarter mobile devices thatare more aware of its owner's

location and preferences".


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Android Inc. acquired by Google in August,2005.

At Google, the developed a mobile device

platform powered by the Linux kernel.

On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset

Alliance came with a goal to develop openstandards for mobile devices.


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That day, Android was unveiled as its firstproduct, a mobile device platform built on

the Linux kernel version 2.6.

The first commercially available phone to run

Android was the HTC Dream in 2008.

Since 2008, Android has seen numerousupdates which have incrementally improved the

operating system, adding new features and

fixing bugs in previous releases.


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Version History

Version Code name Release date API level

1.5 Cupcake April 30, 2009 3

1.6 Donut September 15, 2009 4

2.02.1 clair October 26, 2009 7

2.2 Froyo May 20, 2010 8

2.3 Gingerbread December 6, 2010 9

3.x Honeycomb May 10, 2011 12

4.0.x Ice Cream Sandwich December 16, 2011 15

4.1.x Jelly Bean July 9, 2012 16

4.2 Jelly Bean November 13, 2012 17


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Features :

Provides us SDK for developing Applications

Runs on Dalvik virtual machine

Video and audio codecs

Bluetooth 3G, and WiFi, Camera

Integrated browser based on the open source

WebKit engine


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Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2Dgraphics library; 3D graphics based

SQLite for structured data storage

Media support for common audio, video, and

still image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC,

AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)

GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)


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Why Android?

The ability for anyone to customize the Google

Android platform

The consumer will benefit from having a wide

range of mobile applications to choose from

since the monopoly will be broken by Google

Android Men will be able to customize a mobile phones

using Google Android platform like never before


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Features like weather details, opening screen,

live RSS feeds and even the icons on the

opening screen will be able to be customized

In addition the entertainment functionalities

will be taken a much higher by Google Android

being able to offer online real time multiplayergames


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Android Software Stack

The software stack is split into Four Layers:

The application layer

The application framework

The libraries and runtime

The kernel


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Linux kernel

The architecture is based on the Linux2.6

kernel. Android use Linux kernel as itshardware abstraction layer between thehardware and rest of the software.

It also provides memory management, process

management, a security model, andnetworking, a lot of core operating systeminfrastructures that are robust and have beenproven over time.


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Native Libraries

The next level up is the native libraries.

Everything that you see here in green is writtenin C and C++.


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Android Runtime

The Android Runtime was designed specifically

for Android to meet the needs of running in an

embedded environment where you have limited

battery, limited memory, limited CPU.


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Dalvik Virtual Machine

The DVM runs somethingcalled dex files, D-E-X and

these are byte codes that

are the results of

converting at build time.


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Application Framework

This is all written in a Java programming

language and the application framework is the

toolkit that all applications use.


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Views that can be used to build an application,including lists, grids, text boxes, and buttons.

Content Providers that enable applications toaccess data from other applications (such asContacts), or to share their own data .

Resource Manager, providing access to non-coderesources such as localized strings, graphics, andlayout files .

Notification Manager that enables all applicationsto display custom alerts in the status bar.

Activity Manager that manages the lifecycle ofapplications and provides a common navigationback stack.


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Application Layer

The final layer on top is Applications.

It includes the home application, the contactsapplication, the browser, and your apps.

And everything at this layer is, again, using thesame app framework provided by the layersbelow.


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Android Development Environment

Java Development Toolkit

Eclipse Integrated Development Environment

(IDE)

Software Development Kit (SDK)

Android Development Tools (ADT)


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Setup Eclipse IDE

Download Eclipse IDE for Java Developer fromthe eclipse.org/downloads/ .


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Setup Android Software Development Kit

Download Android SDK fromhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/index.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html


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extract the downloaded file and run the SDKManager.


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Choose the Android platform version which youwish to develop on and click Install packages.

You will be prompted with a pop-up, check off

Accept and click Install.


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Setup Android Development Tools plugin

Open Eclipse and select Help-->Install NewSoftware


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Click Add

In the pop-up dialog, type 'ADT Plugin' in the

Name field and enter the following URL in the

location field:

https://dlssl.google.com/android/eclipse/
https://dlssl.google.com/android/eclipse/https://dlssl.google.com/android/eclipse/


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Select the 'Developer Tools' option and click

Next. Once the tools are downloaded, click

Next.


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Setup an AVD

In Eclipse, navigate to Window --> AVD

Manager.

Click New to fill in the details of the virtual

device.


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Application Components

Activities represents a single screen with a user

interface.

A service is a component that runs in the

background to perform long-running operations

or to perform work for remote processes. Aservice does not provide a user interface.

A content provider manages a shared set of

application data.

A broadcast receiver is a component thatresponds to system-wide broadcast

announcements.


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Create a Project with Eclipse

1. Create Android Project


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2. Add project name and other details.


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3. First Activity


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4. Directory Structure


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src/ Contains your stub Activity file. (e.g. all.java files).

bin Output directory of the build. This is whereyou can find the final .apk file and other

compiled resources.

jni Contains native code sources .

gen/ Contains the Java files generated by ADT,such as your R.java file and interfaces createdfrom AIDL files.


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assets/ This is empty. You can use it to store

raw asset files. Files that you save here are

compiled into an .apk file

res/ Contains application resources, such as

drawable files, layout files, and string values. res/drawable/ For bitmap and files and XML

files that describe Drawable shapes or a

Drawable .

res/layout/ XML files that are compiled intoscreen layouts (or part of a screen).


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5. AndroidMainfest.xml

AndroidManifest.xml ,The control file that

describes the nature of the application and

each of its components.

It describes:

1. qualities about the activities, services, intentreceivers, and content providers.

2. what permissions are requested; what

external libraries are needed.

3. what device features are required,.

4. what API Levels are supported or required.


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6. activity_main.xml


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7. MainActivity.java


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8. Run the Project


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9. Output


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10. Your Application in main menu


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Thank you for your attention

introduction to android 2013

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