Introduction to Aquaculture

Introduction to Aquaculture

Why Aquaculture?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Oi9GARr-Xc

What is Aquaculture?What is Aquaculture?

The art, science and business of cultivating plants and animals in water

The art, science and business of cultivating plants and animals in water

What is Aquaculture?What is Aquaculture?

Come up with a definition for aquaculture

Come up with a definition for aquaculture

HomeworkHomework

2. Define the following:2. Define the following:

AgricultureAquacultureBrackish

waterColdwaterCulture

AgricultureAquacultureBrackish

waterColdwaterCulture

FreshwaterMaricultureSalinityWarmwater

FreshwaterMaricultureSalinityWarmwater

1. SIGN SYLLABUS (you and a parent)1. SIGN SYLLABUS (you and a parent)

Before we get started…Before we get started…

Make sure your homework is finished

Make sure your homework is finished

Ask yourself….Ask yourself….How are farming and

aquaculture similar?

How are they different?

How are farming and aquaculture similar?

How are they different?

Comparing Farming and AquacultureComparing Farming and Aquaculture

Fill in the table:Fill in the table:

Farming Aquaculture

Comparing Farming and AquacultureComparing Farming and Aquaculture

Farming Aquaculture

EnvironmentsEnvironments

Warmwater aquacultureColdwater aquacultureMariculture or marine culture

Warmwater aquacultureColdwater aquacultureMariculture or marine culture

Warmwater AquacultureWarmwater Aquaculture

Commercial raising of stock that thrives in warm, often turbid (cloudy or opaque) freshwater with temperatures exceeding 70 degrees Fahrenheit

Species: catfish, crayfish (crawfish), baitfish, and many other sport fish

Commercial raising of stock that thrives in warm, often turbid (cloudy or opaque) freshwater with temperatures exceeding 70 degrees Fahrenheit

Species: catfish, crayfish (crawfish), baitfish, and many other sport fish

Coldwater AquacultureColdwater AquacultureCommercial production of stock

that thrives in cool, clear freshwater with temperatures between 50 and 65 degrees Fahrenheit

Species: trout and salmon

Commercial production of stock that thrives in cool, clear freshwater with temperatures between 50 and 65 degrees Fahrenheit

Species: trout and salmon

MaricultureMaricultureCrop thrives in saltwater of various

temperatures

Species: shrimp, oysters, and seaweed cultures

Salinity- saltwater: 30-35 pptSalinity- brackish water is 1-10 ppt

ppt= parts per thousand

Crop thrives in saltwater of various temperatures

Species: shrimp, oysters, and seaweed cultures

Salinity- saltwater: 30-35 pptSalinity- brackish water is 1-10 ppt

ppt= parts per thousand

FisheriesFisheriesFisheries differ from aquaculture Fisheries involve hunting and general

public access to the crop (fish) to be huntedAquaculture enhances fisheries by

providing fish to restock streams, lakes and oceansMaking sport fishing more enjoyable and

stable Helps ensure the economic success of

commercial fisheries

Fisheries differ from aquaculture Fisheries involve hunting and general

public access to the crop (fish) to be huntedAquaculture enhances fisheries by

providing fish to restock streams, lakes and oceansMaking sport fishing more enjoyable and

stable Helps ensure the economic success of

commercial fisheries

HomeworkHomework

Wordsearch:Wordsearch:

BroodstockEggsFingerlingsGrow-outHarvestingHatcheryIncubate

BroodstockEggsFingerlingsGrow-outHarvestingHatcheryIncubate

LarvaeMonoculturePolycultureProcessingSeedSpawn

LarvaeMonoculturePolycultureProcessingSeedSpawn

History of AquacultureHistory of

Aquaculture

HistoryHistoryAquaculture probably evolved

through a combination of human observation and serendipity in several areas of the world at different times

Aquaculture probably evolved through a combination of human observation and serendipity in several areas of the world at different times

EvolvingEvolving

May have developed from trapping and holding for freshness then refined to ensure a more constant supply

May have developed from trapping and holding for freshness then refined to ensure a more constant supply

EvolvingEvolvingCage culture developed when fishers

realized that their surplus catch could be held in baskets in the water

Pond culture likely developed when some fishers observed fish trapped in pools of water formed by a flood

Some aquaculture likely developed in conjunction with farming and irrigation since irrigation provided structures and a source of water

Cage culture developed when fishers realized that their surplus catch could be held in baskets in the water

Pond culture likely developed when some fishers observed fish trapped in pools of water formed by a flood

Some aquaculture likely developed in conjunction with farming and irrigation since irrigation provided structures and a source of water

History of Aquaculture Around the

World

History of Aquaculture Around the

World

http://prezi.com/cpe7yj-nzczq/present/?auth_key=t1f63ff&follow=r130h5z9zyjl&kw=present-cpe7yj-nzczq&rc=ref-5185322

HomeworkHomework

Find five (5) pictures of aquatic organisms (plants or animals) that can be grown and harvested in the United States.

Identify what they are and where they live.

Find five (5) pictures of aquatic organisms (plants or animals) that can be grown and harvested in the United States.

Identify what they are and where they live.

History of Aquaculture

in the United States

History of Aquaculture

in the United States

http://prezi.com/cpe7yj-nzczq/present/?auth_key=t1f63ff&follow=r130h5z9zyjl&kw=present-cpe7yj-nzczq&rc=ref-5185322

PhasesPhasesCatfish industry developed through

three phrases1st Phase (Pioneering Phase)2nd Phase 3rd Phase

Catfish industry developed through three phrases

1st Phase (Pioneering Phase)2nd Phase 3rd Phase

First PhaseFirst PhaseRelatively high production costs that resulted

from low yields and inefficiency

High processing costs resulted from a chronic underuse of processing capacity

Markets were fragmented

Low product acceptance outside the principal market areas and lack of an effective marketing strategy combined to limit expansion

Relatively high production costs that resulted from low yields and inefficiency

High processing costs resulted from a chronic underuse of processing capacity

Markets were fragmented

Low product acceptance outside the principal market areas and lack of an effective marketing strategy combined to limit expansion

Second PhaseSecond Phase1971-1976, production improved and unit costs

declined

Average annual yields increased from 1500-2000lbs per acre to 3000-4000 or more pounds per acre

Became less seasonal

Total demand of catfish rose

Marketing strategy improvedMississippi emerged as the leader in catfish

production, processing and related activities

1971-1976, production improved and unit costs declined

Average annual yields increased from 1500-2000lbs per acre to 3000-4000 or more pounds per acre

Became less seasonal

Total demand of catfish rose

Marketing strategy improvedMississippi emerged as the leader in catfish

production, processing and related activities

Third PhaseThird Phase1977-1982, productivity continued to improve

Acreage increased and production costs declined

Processed fish market became the major sales

outletSophisticated marketing approach allowed single

companies involved in culture, processing and marketing

Processors needed to handle a constant volume of fish throughout the year

1977-1982, productivity continued to improve

Acreage increased and production costs declined

Processed fish market became the major sales

outletSophisticated marketing approach allowed single

companies involved in culture, processing and marketing

Processors needed to handle a constant volume of fish throughout the year

Shakeout PeriodShakeout Period1973-1975

Many farmers constructed ponds and started producing fish without considering management expertise and identifiable, dependable markets

Local oversupply was critical when high feed prices reduced profit margins

1973-1975

Many farmers constructed ponds and started producing fish without considering management expertise and identifiable, dependable markets

Local oversupply was critical when high feed prices reduced profit margins

20082008Catfish industry faced major obstacles like:

Sky-high feed pricesDeclining acreageFierce competition from imported fish

Led to reduction in the number of producers and number of acres of catfish ponds

Catfish industry faced major obstacles like:

Sky-high feed pricesDeclining acreageFierce competition from imported fish

Led to reduction in the number of producers and number of acres of catfish ponds

IdahoIdahoRainbow trout introduced in 1900s

1906-1947, Idaho built 14 hatcheries

Produced mainly rainbow trout to maintain productive fishing

Rainbow trout introduced in 1900s

1906-1947, Idaho built 14 hatcheries

Produced mainly rainbow trout to maintain productive fishing

Warren MeaderWarren MeaderFirst commercial trout farm began in 1909 at

Devil’s Corral Spring

1914, Warren Meader started brood-stock production

1940, Meader was supplying up to 60 million eggs to public and private hatcheries around the US

First commercial trout farm began in 1909 at Devil’s Corral Spring

1914, Warren Meader started brood-stock production

1940, Meader was supplying up to 60 million eggs to public and private hatcheries around the US

Trout in IdahoTrout in Idaho1928, Jack Tingey and his wife, started first

commercial hatchery near Buhl, Idaho

Late 1940s, trout industry began to grow

1960s-1980s, trout production rapidly increased

Today: World’s largest trout production facility is Clear Springs Food Company in Buhl, Idaho

1928, Jack Tingey and his wife, started first commercial hatchery near Buhl, Idaho

Late 1940s, trout industry began to grow

1960s-1980s, trout production rapidly increased

Today: World’s largest trout production facility is Clear Springs Food Company in Buhl, Idaho

History ProjectHistory Project

Your task:Create a poster that shows at

least 7 accurate facts about the history of aquaculture.

You will e-mail it to me when you are done. (kroeplienr@granton.k12.wi.us)

Your task:Create a poster that shows at

least 7 accurate facts about the history of aquaculture.

You will e-mail it to me when you are done. (kroeplienr@granton.k12.wi.us)

Oysters, Crawfish, Clams and

Shrimp

Oysters, Crawfish, Clams and

Shrimp

OystersOystersA.D. 43, Roman settlers in England harvested

oysters along seacoasts

In winter, they packed the oysters in cloth bags and sent them to Rome

Eventually, learned to farm oysters in the water off the Italian coast

When Europeans first came to N. America, they found Indian tribes along the coast who depended upon oysters as part of their diet

1894, the harvest of Chesapeake Bay oysters peaked at 15 million bushels and then began to decline

A.D. 43, Roman settlers in England harvested oysters along seacoasts

In winter, they packed the oysters in cloth bags and sent them to Rome

Eventually, learned to farm oysters in the water off the Italian coast

When Europeans first came to N. America, they found Indian tribes along the coast who depended upon oysters as part of their diet

1894, the harvest of Chesapeake Bay oysters peaked at 15 million bushels and then began to decline

Crawfish (Crayfish)Crawfish (Crayfish)Culture of crawfish developed as a

simulation of the creatures’ natural life cycle in ponds

Now, some cultures are tied to agricultural practices such as rice fields in the south

Culture of crawfish developed as a simulation of the creatures’ natural life cycle in ponds

Now, some cultures are tied to agricultural practices such as rice fields in the south

ClamsClamsShortages and increasing prices for clams are

creating more interest in aquacultureMethods of spawning and growing hard clam

larvae were described as early as 1927 and patented in 1929Interest in culturing clams remained low until

early 1950s1st commercial aquaculture operation began in

1957 in Atlantic, VirginiaBy 1970, new technology and new materials

contributed to new methods for raising hard clams

Shortages and increasing prices for clams are creating more interest in aquacultureMethods of spawning and growing hard clam

larvae were described as early as 1927 and patented in 1929Interest in culturing clams remained low until

early 1950s1st commercial aquaculture operation began in

1957 in Atlantic, VirginiaBy 1970, new technology and new materials

contributed to new methods for raising hard clams

ShrimpShrimpWidely cultured in Asia

Cultured accidently in brackish water ponds

Culturing alone or monoculture is a fairly recent occurrence in the US and Asia

Widely cultured in Asia

Cultured accidently in brackish water ponds

Culturing alone or monoculture is a fairly recent occurrence in the US and Asia

HomeworkHomework

You will be given 1 of 5 activities/functions to produce an aquaculture product

Research the activity/function

Explain what it is and how it relates to aquaculture

You will be given 1 of 5 activities/functions to produce an aquaculture product

Research the activity/function

Explain what it is and how it relates to aquaculture

Aquaculture Activities

Aquaculture Activities

Aquaculture ActivitiesAquaculture ActivitiesThe functions or activities performed to produce

the product

Identified in groups often becoming separate industries

In aquaculture, there are five main activities:

1. Hatchery2. Grow-out3. Harvesting4. Marketing5. Processing

The functions or activities performed to produce the product

Identified in groups often becoming separate industries

In aquaculture, there are five main activities:

1. Hatchery2. Grow-out3. Harvesting4. Marketing5. Processing

Teaching ActivityTeaching Activity

Step 1: Find the others that have the same function/activity as you.

Step 2: Compare notes

Step 3: In new groups learn about all five functions/activities

Step 4: Be prepared to discuss as a class

Step 1: Find the others that have the same function/activity as you.

Step 2: Compare notes

Step 3: In new groups learn about all five functions/activities

Step 4: Be prepared to discuss as a class

Grow-outGrow-outFacilities that produce crops (fish) from the

seed

Intensive or extensive production systems

Intensive: involve a very dense population of fish in relatively small spaces and require careful management

Extensive: involve lower populations and less stringent management

May be land-based (ponds, tanks and runways) or water based (pens, cages or ranching)

Facilities that produce crops (fish) from the seed

Intensive or extensive production systems

Intensive: involve a very dense population of fish in relatively small spaces and require careful management

Extensive: involve lower populations and less stringent management

May be land-based (ponds, tanks and runways) or water based (pens, cages or ranching)

HarvestingHarvestingInvolves the gathering or capturing of

fish for marketing and processing

Aquaculture harvesting is typically topping or total harvesting

Involves the gathering or capturing of fish for marketing and processing

Aquaculture harvesting is typically topping or total harvesting

MarketingMarketingConnects producers with consumers

Purpose is to provide a consumer with desired products and to provide the producer with a price to cover production and make a profit

Five markets, depending on the reason for production are associated with fish:

1. food for human consumption2. bait for sport fishing3. pets or ornamentals for home or office aquaria4. sport fish for release into lakes and streams5. fish for feed ingredients

Connects producers with consumers

Purpose is to provide a consumer with desired products and to provide the producer with a price to cover production and make a profit

Five markets, depending on the reason for production are associated with fish:

1. food for human consumption2. bait for sport fishing3. pets or ornamentals for home or office aquaria4. sport fish for release into lakes and streams5. fish for feed ingredients

ProcessingProcessingChanges the form of the product into something more

desirable to consumers

Occurs in three forms: minimal, medium, and value-added

We will cover the activities and functions of aquaculture in further detail later

Changes the form of the product into something more desirable to consumers

Occurs in three forms: minimal, medium, and value-added

We will cover the activities and functions of aquaculture in further detail later

Future of Aquaculture

Future of Aquaculture

FutureFutureThe National Aquaculture Act of 1980 established

aquaculture as a national priority

Consolidated federal support for aquaculture and the development of national planning for policy and cooperation by federal and state governmentsThe act was to support aquaculture as an industry that makes major contributions to the nation

The National Aquaculture Development Plan in 1996 continues to emphasize aquaculture in the US

US Joint Subcommittee on Aquaculture (JSA) promotes a strategic plan that will take aquaculture into the future

The National Aquaculture Act of 1980 established aquaculture as a national priority

Consolidated federal support for aquaculture and the development of national planning for policy and cooperation by federal and state governmentsThe act was to support aquaculture as an industry that makes major contributions to the nation

The National Aquaculture Development Plan in 1996 continues to emphasize aquaculture in the US

US Joint Subcommittee on Aquaculture (JSA) promotes a strategic plan that will take aquaculture into the future

FAO StatisticsFAO StatisticsEstimates:

World aquacultural production represents about 50% of the world aquatic food production by fisheries

For food fish, 50% of total world supply is derived from aquaculture

Worldwide, aquacultural production in the 43 countires that have such industries produces more than 110 million tons of fish and fish products

World aquatic plant production by aquaculture was 15.1 million tons in 2006

Estimates:

World aquacultural production represents about 50% of the world aquatic food production by fisheries

For food fish, 50% of total world supply is derived from aquaculture

Worldwide, aquacultural production in the 43 countires that have such industries produces more than 110 million tons of fish and fish products

World aquatic plant production by aquaculture was 15.1 million tons in 2006

Technological BreakthroughsTechnological BreakthroughsIncreased the potential of aquaculture in the US

Development of net/pen culture and ocean ranching in the Pacific Northwest

Establishment of abalone culture in California

Introduction of Malaysian prawn culture to Hawaii and South Carolina

Improvement of raft culture of blue mussels and oysters in New England

Development of oyster hatcheries in the Pacific Northwest and the Atlantic States

Establishment of marine shrimp farms in Central America by US firms

Increased the potential of aquaculture in the US

Development of net/pen culture and ocean ranching in the Pacific Northwest

Establishment of abalone culture in California

Introduction of Malaysian prawn culture to Hawaii and South Carolina

Improvement of raft culture of blue mussels and oysters in New England

Development of oyster hatcheries in the Pacific Northwest and the Atlantic States

Establishment of marine shrimp farms in Central America by US firms

HomeworkHomework

Chapter review

Be prepared for a short quiz at the beginning of next week

Chapter review

Be prepared for a short quiz at the beginning of next week