introduction to archiectural drafting
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drafting pptTRANSCRIPT
Architectural Drafting
A technical person can use the graphic language as powerful means of communication with others for conveying ideas on technical matters.
However, for effective exchange of ideas with others, the Architect/Engineer must have proficiency in,(i)language, both written and oral,(ii)Symbols associated with basic sciences and (iii) the graphic language.
Architectural drawing is a suitable graphic language from which anytrained person can visualize the required object. As, a Technical drawingdisplays the exact picture of an object, it obviously conveys the sameideas to every trained eye.
Irrespective of language barriers, the drawings can be effectively used in other countries, in addition to the country where they are prepared. Thus, the Architectural/Engineering drawing is the universal language of all Architects/Engineers.
Architectural Drafting
Architectural Drafting Equipment
Basic pencil motions.
Basic pencil motions.
Angles that can be made with the 30°–60° triangle and 45º triangle, individually or in combination.
Architectural floor plan symbol template.
Scale shape
The drawing scale selected depends on:● Actual size of the structure.● Amount of detail to be shown.● Sheet size selected.● Amount of dimensions and notes required.● Common standard practice that regulates the scale of specific drawing types.
Drafting machine scales are purchased by designating the length needed, such as 12", 18", or 24",
The following scales and their notation are frequently used on architectural drawings.
1/8" = 1'-0" 3/8" = 1'-0" 1 1/2" = 1'-0"3/32" = 1'-0" 1/2" = 1'-0" 3" = 1'-0"3/16" = 1'-0" 3/4" = 1'-0" 12" = 1'-0"1/4" = 1'-0" 1" = 1'-0"
millimeter = mm dekameter = damcentimeter = cm hectometer = hmdecimeter = dm kilometer = kmmeter = m
According to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), the International System of Units (SI) linear unit, which is commonly used on drawings is the millimeter.On drawings where all dimensions are in either inches or millimeters, individual identification of units is not required. However, the drawing shall contain a note stating: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES. (or MILLIMETERS as applicable). Where some millimeters are shown on an inch-dimensioned drawing, the millimeter value should be followed by the symbol mm. Where some inches are shown on amillimeter-dimensioned drawing, the inch value should be followed by the abbreviation in.
Common metric scale calibrations and measurements.
Common metric scale calibrations and measurements.
1 mile = 1.6093 kilometers = 1609.3 meters1 yard = 914.4 millimeters = 0.9144 meter1 foot = 304.8 millimeters = 0.3048 meter1 inch = 25.4 millimeters = 0.0254 meter
Metric Scales METRIC SCALES THAT MATCH ARCHITECT AND CIVIL SCALES
Inch-to-Feet Architectural Scales
1:11:51:101:201:501:1001:200
FULL SCALE, 1:1Close to 3" = 1'–0"Between 1" = 1'–0" and 1 1/2" = 1'–0"Between 1/2 " = 1'–0" and 3/4" = 1'–0"Close to 1/4 " = 1'–0"Close to 1/8" = 1'–0"Close to 1/16 " = 1'–0"
1:5001:1000
Drafting Media and Reproduction Methods
PAPERS AND FILMSGood quality paperPolyester FilmDurabilitySmoothnessErasabilityDimensional stabilityTransparencyCost
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
Orthographic projection to form orthographic view.
Projection of a foreshortened orthographic surface.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONElevations as Multiviews
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONElevations as Multiviews
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONTYPES OF LINES
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONTYPES OF LINES
Construction Lines and Guidelines
Object Lines
Construction lines are used for laying out a drawing.They are drawn very lightlyso they do not reproduce and so they are not mistaken for any other lines onthe drawing. Manually drawn construction lines are drawn with very little pressure using a pencil with H to 2H lead, and if drawn properly do not need to be erased.
Guidelines are similar to construction lines in that they should be drawn lightly enough so they do not reproduce. Guidelines are drawn to guide your manual lettering.For example, if lettering on a drawing is 1/8“ (3 mm) high, then the lightly drawn guidelines are placed 1/8" (3 mm) apart.
In architectural drafting the outline lines—or object lines, as they are commonly called—are a specific thickness so they stand out from other lines, as they formthe outline of views. Object lines are used to define the outline and Characteristic features of architectural plan components.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONTYPES OF LINES
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONTYPES OF LINES
(A) Thick outlines. (B) All lines the same thickness. (C) Accent with shading.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONTYPES OF LINES
Dashed Lines
In mechanical drafting dashed lines are called hidden lines; the terms are interchangeable in architectural drafting.Dashed lines are used to show drawing features that are not visible in the view or plan.In architectural drafting, dashed lines can also be considered hidden lines because they are used to show drawing features that are not visible in the view or plan.These dashed features are important but subordinate to the main emphasis of the drawing.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONTYPES OF LINES
Extension and Dimension LinesExtension lines show the extent of a dimension.Dimension lines show the length of the dimension and terminate at the related extension lines with slashes, arrowheads, or dots.
Extension and dimension lines.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONTYPES OF LINES
Leader LinesExtension lines show the extent of a dimension.Dimension lines show the length of the dimension and terminate at the related extension lines with slashes, arrowheads, or dots.
Extension and dimension lines.