introduction to botany. lecture 40 -...
TRANSCRIPT
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Introduction to Botany. Lecture 40
Alexey Shipunov
Minot State University
December 9, 2011
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Outline
1 Short excursionGreenhouse
2 Questions and answers
3 Liliidae, or monocotsMain featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Outline
1 Short excursionGreenhouse
2 Questions and answers
3 Liliidae, or monocotsMain featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Outline
1 Short excursionGreenhouse
2 Questions and answers
3 Liliidae, or monocotsMain featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocotsGreenhouse
Short excursionGreenhouse
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Previous final question: the answer
Why Compositae is often considered as most advanced familyamong angiosperms?
Many advanced characters: fused petals, small number ofparts, inferior ovaryInflorescences which imitate flowers: “next level” of flowersNumber of species could indicate the success of group
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Previous final question: the answer
Why Compositae is often considered as most advanced familyamong angiosperms?
Many advanced characters: fused petals, small number ofparts, inferior ovaryInflorescences which imitate flowers: “next level” of flowersNumber of species could indicate the success of group
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Liliidae, or monocotsMain features
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Main features of monocots
One cotyledonLinear leaves with acrodromous venationRoot system without main rootNo cambiumTrimerous flower with non-differentiated perianth
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Phylogeny of angiosperms so far
Archaefructus
Amborella
Trithuria
Ranunculaceae
Rosaceae
Leguminosae
Cruciferae
Solanaceae
Compositae
Gramineae
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Liliidae, or monocotsGramineae, or Poaceae—grass
family
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Main features of grasses
≈ 8,000 species distributed thorough all the world, butmost genera concentrate in tropicsPrefer dry, sunny placesOfren form tussocks—compact structures where old grassstems, rhizomes and roots are intermixedGrasses form grasslands—specific ecological communitieswidely represented on Earth. North Dakota prairies aregrasslands.
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Morphology of grasses
Stems usually hollow and roundLeaves flat, in two ranksFlowers reduced, wind-pollinates, usually bisexual, formcomplicated spikelets*Each spikelet bear two glumes; each flower has lemmaand palea scalesPerianth is reduced to lodiculesStamens from 6 to 1 (most often 3), with large anthersFruit is a caryopsis, it includes flower scalesSeed has a specific structure—embryo with coleoptile,coleorhiza and scutellum
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Scheme of grass spikelet
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Grasses: Oryza and Anthoxanthum diagrams
↑P0−3A0−3+2−3G(2)
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Representatives of grass family
Most primitive grasses are bamboos (Bambusoideaesubfamily)Pooid grasses usually are C3 plants, wheat (Triticum), rice(Oryza), barley (Hordeum) and rye (Secale) belong to thisgroupPanicoid grasses are mostly C4 plants, corn (Zea) andsugarcane (Saccharum) belong here
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Rare event: bamboo (Schizostachyum sp.) isflowering!
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Festuca sp.
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Rice (Oryza sativa), the most important world crop
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Corn (Zea mays), the most productive world crop (upto 10 MT/ha)
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Summary
Grasses (Gramineae) have general monocot charactersbut their flower structure deviated from “typical” monocotdue to the adaptation for wind pollination.BOTANY IS COOL!
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Final questions
Short anonymous voluntary survey:
1 What do you like most in botany course?2 What do you dislike most in botany course?3 Which lab do you remember most of all?4 Please grade (1—bad, 5—excellent):
1 Lectures2 Labs3 Final questions4 Exams
5 Are you interesting in doing directed research in botany?
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
Final questions
Short anonymous voluntary survey:
1 What do you like most in botany course?2 What do you dislike most in botany course?3 Which lab do you remember most of all?4 Please grade (1—bad, 5—excellent):
1 Lectures2 Labs3 Final questions4 Exams
5 Are you interesting in doing directed research in botany?
Shipunov BIOL 154.40
Short excursionQuestions and answers
Liliidae, or monocots
Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family
For Further Reading
J. E. Bidlack, Sh. H. Jansky.Stern’s introductory plant biology. 12th edition.McGraw-Hill, 2011.Chapter 23.
Th. L. Rost, M. G. Barbour, C. R. Stocking, T. M. Murphy.Plant Biology. 2nd edition.Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2006.Chapter 25.
Shipunov BIOL 154.40