introduction to computer basics. what is a computer? an electronic device that receives data,...
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Introduction to Computer Introduction to Computer BasicsBasics
What Is A Computer?What Is A Computer?
An electronic device that receives data, An electronic device that receives data, processes data, stores data, and produces processes data, stores data, and produces a result (output).a result (output).
A collection of electronic circuits, which A collection of electronic circuits, which can be on or off (open or closed).can be on or off (open or closed).These two states of the circuit are represented These two states of the circuit are represented
by two digits, 0 and 1, cby two digits, 0 and 1, called a binary system..
What is Data?What is Data?
Data:Data:information entered into the computer to be information entered into the computer to be
processed, which consists of the following:processed, which consists of the following:Text, numbers, sounds, and imagesText, numbers, sounds, and images
People:People:the users of the computers who enter the data the users of the computers who enter the data
and use the output.and use the output.
Data CommunicationsData Communications
Computer technology enables Computer technology enables computers to communicatecomputers to communicateYou can send text, numeric data, voice or You can send text, numeric data, voice or
video data from one machine to another.video data from one machine to another.Popular examples:Popular examples:
InternetInternetElectronic messages (e-mail)Electronic messages (e-mail)Text Messages (SMS)Text Messages (SMS)Multimedia Messages (MMS)Multimedia Messages (MMS)Istant Messages (IM)Istant Messages (IM)FaxesFaxesElectronic or online bankingElectronic or online banking
HardwareHardware
HardwareHardware:: the tangible, physical parts of the computer equipment the tangible, physical parts of the computer equipment
that can be seen and touched such as:that can be seen and touched such as:The Computer itselfThe Computer itselfMonitorMonitorKeyboardKeyboardMouseMouseCD/DVD DriveCD/DVD DriveSpeakersSpeakers
Parts of the ComputerParts of the ComputerCentral Processing Unit (CPU):Central Processing Unit (CPU):
the microprocessor, the brains of the the microprocessor, the brains of the computer.computer.Chip contains millions of switches and Chip contains millions of switches and
pathways that help your computer pathways that help your computer make important decisions.make important decisions.
The main chip that allows computer to do millions of calculations per second and makes it possible for users to use their computer however they need.
Computer Technology
Hard Drive Permanently storing files,
programs, and other data on your computer’s hard drive, which is like computer’s “filing cabinet”
Network Drive A Storage space on a network,
such as school or work network.
Computer MemoryComputer Memory
• Memory:Memory:
found on the motherboard; short term and long found on the motherboard; short term and long term.term.Random Access Memory (RAM)Random Access Memory (RAM)
memory on the motherboard that is short term; where memory on the motherboard that is short term; where data, information, and program instructions are stored data, information, and program instructions are stored temporarily on a RAM chip or a set of RAM chips.temporarily on a RAM chip or a set of RAM chips.
Read-Only Memory (ROM)Read-Only Memory (ROM)memory on the motherboard that is long term; where the memory on the motherboard that is long term; where the
specific instructions that are needed for the computer to specific instructions that are needed for the computer to operate are stored.operate are stored.
Input, Output, & Storage DevicesInput, Output, & Storage Devices
Input deviceInput device: : hardware that allows hardware that allows you to communicate you to communicate with your computer.with your computer.
Output device:Output device: hardware hardware that allows your computer that allows your computer to communicate with the to communicate with the useruser
Storage deviceStorage device: allows : allows you to store or retrieve you to store or retrieve informationinformation
Some types of technology can be both an input and an output device!!!
Computer Input DevicesComputer Input Devices
KeyboardKeyboardMouse/TrackballMouse/TrackballJoystickJoystickLight penLight penPointing StickPointing StickTouchpadTouchpadVideo CameraVideo Camera
Touch screenTouch screenBar code readerBar code readerScannerScannerMicrophoneMicrophoneGraphics TabletGraphics TabletDigital CamerasDigital Cameras
Computer Input Devices
Keyboard The hardware device used to
enter letters, numbers, and commands into the computer
Numeric Keyboard The portion of the keyboard,
set up like a adding machine or calculator used to enter numbers and equations quickly into the computer
Mouse A tool used to move the cursor
and pointer around the screen
Computer Output DevicesComputer Output Devices
Monitor:Monitor:screen that display information screen that display information
such as text, numbers, and such as text, numbers, and pictures.pictures.
softcopysoftcopy
Printer:Printer:gives you information from the gives you information from the
computer in printed form.computer in printed form.HardcopyHardcopy
Three Types of PrintersThree Types of Printers
Dot MatrixDot Matrix Gives a printed image in a Gives a printed image in a
pattern (matrix) of tiny ink pattern (matrix) of tiny ink dots.dots.
Less expensive and not as Less expensive and not as clear clear
Inkjet PrinterInkjet Printer Better quality of printed Better quality of printed
documentdocumentMachine uses an ink Machine uses an ink
cartridge and a printing cartridge and a printing element to print a finer element to print a finer image on the paper.image on the paper.
LaserLaserBest quality of printed Best quality of printed
documentsdocumentsLaser beam and an ink Laser beam and an ink
toner cartridge are used toner cartridge are used to produce the images.to produce the images.
More expensiveMore expensiveQuickQuick
Computer Output Devices
VGA Port Allows you to
display your Computer or Laptop on an external monitor or projector.
Computer Output DevicesComputer Output Devices
Speakers:Speakers:allow you to hear voice, allow you to hear voice,
music, and other music, and other sounds from your sounds from your computer.computer.
Modem:Modem:allows you to use your allows you to use your
computer to computer to communicate with other communicate with other computers.computers.
Types of Storage DevicesTypes of Storage Devices
Hard Disk Drive:Hard Disk Drive: used to store used to store data inside of the computer.data inside of the computer. this holds a large amount of this holds a large amount of
information in a form the computer information in a form the computer can understand.can understand.Accessing data is fasterAccessing data is fasterAmount of data that can be stored is Amount of data that can be stored is
much more than what can be stored much more than what can be stored on a floppy disk.on a floppy disk.
Size of Hard drive is measured in Size of Hard drive is measured in gigabytes(GB) mainly or gigabytes(GB) mainly or megabytes(MB) in older computersmegabytes(MB) in older computers
Types of Storage DevicesTypes of Storage Devices
Portable Storage Device Allows you to transport computer files from one
location to another Ex. Flash/Jump Drive, CD, DVD, Floppy Disk,
External Hard Drive
Software
Software The Programs that give the computer instructions that
allow you to accomplish certain tasks (this is what we use computers for!)such as:
• write letters
• analyze numbers
• sort files
• draw pictures
• play games, etc…
Two types:Two types:• ApplicationApplication• System software programsSystem software programs
Operating System
Operating System Software The software that allows your computer to start up,
accept input, deliver output, connect to other computers, and generally execute the task on a computer. Ex. Vista, Windows XP, Mac Leopard
SoftwareApplication
Program or SoftwareApplication Software
The individual programs that carry out specific tasks on your computer that exist on the computer’s hard drive, this is what we use computers for. Ex. Microsoft Word, Photoshop, Solitaire
Categories:Categories:BusinessBusinessCommunicationsCommunicationsGraphics and MultimediaGraphics and MultimediaEducation and ReferenceEducation and ReferenceEntertainment and LeisureEntertainment and LeisureIntegrated ProgramsIntegrated Programs
Business SoftwareBusiness Software
Word ProcessingWord Processingprogram that allows you program that allows you
to create, edit, and print to create, edit, and print text documentstext documentsUse Ex: Report, flyer, Use Ex: Report, flyer,
memomemo
SpreadsheetSpreadsheetNumbered Rows and Numbered Rows and
Lettered ColumnsLettered Columns Intersection of rows and Intersection of rows and
columns = cellscolumns = cellsUse Ex: Grade book, Use Ex: Grade book,
financial infofinancial info
DatabaseDatabaseLets you set up an Lets you set up an
electronic filing electronic filing systemssystems
Enter text and Enter text and numbersnumbersFind, search, and Find, search, and
printer info in printer info in different waysdifferent ways
• Use Ex: Address Use Ex: Address book, Card Catalogbook, Card Catalog
SoftwareSoftware
CommunicationsCommunications Works with your modems or Works with your modems or
network hardware and network hardware and allows your computer to allows your computer to communicate with other communicate with other computers.computers.Exchange computer files Exchange computer files
and emailand email
Graphics SoftwareGraphics Software Uses pictures or images to Uses pictures or images to
help communicate help communicate messages.messages.
Clip artClip art graphical images to be graphical images to be
added to documentsadded to documents Desktop PublishingDesktop Publishing
uses both pictures and uses both pictures and words to give you the words to give you the ability to create ability to create documentsdocumentsEx:Newsletters and Ex:Newsletters and
brochuresbrochures
Presentations
Digital Presentation Software Presentationsoftware that allows you to combine and
present text, graphics, photos, videos, and other multimedia features.Ex. PowerPoint (like this one!!!), Windows Movie
Maker
Multimedia:Multimedia: combines text, graphics, combines text, graphics, animation, video, and audio.animation, video, and audio.
SoftwareSoftware
Education & Education & ReferenceReferenceAvailable on many Available on many
topicstopicsHelpHelpEasierEasierQuickerQuicker
Examples: AR, Examples: AR, Encyclopedia, etc.Encyclopedia, etc.
Entertainment & Entertainment & LeisureLeisureFunFunGames and Games and
simulationssimulationsTests your skillsTests your skills interactiveinteractive
More types of Software
Freeware Software written and then donated to the public,
so anyone is free to copy it and share it.Shareware
Software that can be tried before you purchase it.
Probeware Computer assisted data collection tools
Email E-mail (electronic
mail) communicating
electronically on the computer user can compose a message at one terminal that can be regenerated at the recipient's terminal
E-mail Attachments Files attached to an e-
mail message
Proper Computer CareProper Computer CareKeep food and drinks away from the computer Keep food and drinks away from the computer
and keyboard.and keyboard.Avoid dusty locations.Avoid dusty locations.Use a surge protector.Use a surge protector.Keep magnets Away.Keep magnets Away.Do not block vents on the CPU.Do not block vents on the CPU.Avoid bright sunny locations.Avoid bright sunny locations.Do not move the computer while it is in use.Do not move the computer while it is in use.Always exit programs properly.Always exit programs properly.Use a virus check program on a regular basis.Use a virus check program on a regular basis.
Computer Damage
Virus A computer program designed to
damage computer files
Anti-Virus A application designed to search for
viruses and repair files on a computer
Proper Storage Device CareProper Storage Device CareDo not remove from drives while drive in Do not remove from drives while drive in
running or light is on.running or light is on.Avoid contact with magnets and Avoid contact with magnets and
electromagnetic fields.electromagnetic fields.Keep storage device stored in a clean, cool and Keep storage device stored in a clean, cool and
dry place with a protective cover.dry place with a protective cover.Always properly eject before taking it out of the Always properly eject before taking it out of the
USB driveUSB driveUse a virus check program on a regular basis.Use a virus check program on a regular basis.Avoid hot and cold locations.Avoid hot and cold locations.Make a back-up copy of your programs and Make a back-up copy of your programs and
files.files.
Proper CD ROM CareProper CD ROM CareKeep CDs stored in a clean, cool and dry place Keep CDs stored in a clean, cool and dry place
with a protective cover.with a protective cover.Avoid touching the back side of the CD; to Avoid touching the back side of the CD; to
avoid scratches.avoid scratches.Avoid hot and cold locations.Avoid hot and cold locations.Make a back-up copy of your programs and Make a back-up copy of your programs and
files.files.Insert into CD ROM Drive properly; label facing Insert into CD ROM Drive properly; label facing
up.up.Only write on CD’s with a CD Marking Pen on Only write on CD’s with a CD Marking Pen on
a label or the correct side of the CD.a label or the correct side of the CD.
Proper Care of PrintersProper Care of Printers
Avoid cold, hot, and dusty locations.Avoid cold, hot, and dusty locations.Always use the correct ink or toner Always use the correct ink or toner
replacement.replacement.Always have the proper printer cable connected Always have the proper printer cable connected
to your computer.to your computer.Never pull paper out of a printer in motion.Never pull paper out of a printer in motion.Do not turn off the printer while printing.Do not turn off the printer while printing.Read the instruction manual before operating a Read the instruction manual before operating a
printer.printer.Always use the proper type of paper in your Always use the proper type of paper in your
printer.printer.