introduction to constrution
TRANSCRIPT
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 1/20
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 2/20
m @ejpsr~`siej Sn`ajebely ijvebvnp ps~cy ej hnsaecp ef `ejpsr~`siej se p~``nppf~bby g`ainvn san psr~`s~rgb cnpilj
|isa rn`ehhnjcnc p}n`ifi`gsiejp*
m Is gbpe ij`b~cnp ps~cy ef `ejpsr~`siej nw~i}hnjs" gjcsnh}ergry |erdp rnw~irnc se fg`ibisgsn san `ejpsr~`siej}re`npp*
m San hecnrj srnjc ip se|grcp `ejpsr~`sijl bilasnr gjcsgbbnr o~ibcijlp |ai`a ip gb|gyp g oil `agbbnjln ij gj nrgef fijgj`igb `r~j`a* Se g`ainvn is p~``nppf~bby sanrn ip gjnnc ef agvn pe}aipsi`gsnc nw~i}hnjs nh}beync ij san
`ejpsr~`siej }re`npp*
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 3/20
m ‒Is ip g lrngs }refnppiej* Sanrn ip g fgp`ijgsiej ef |gs`aijl g
filhnjs ef san ihglijgsiej nhnrln sare~la san gic ef p`inj`n
se g }bgj ej }g}nr* Sanj is hevnp se rngbi{gsiej ij psejn er
hnsgb er njnrly* Sanj is orijlp keop gjc aehnp se hnj* Sanj is nbnvgsnp san psgjcgrcp ef bivijl gjc gccp se san `ehfersp ef
bifn* Sags ip san njlijnnr’p aila }rivibnln*‘
(Anronrs Aeevnr
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 4/20
Saip p~okn`s `ejpipsp ef `ejpsr~`siej g`sivisinp*
m Ijsrec~`siej se p~opsr~`s~rn; fe~jcgsiej gjc }ibnp*
m Ijsrec~`siej se snh}ergry |erdp; p`gffebcp gjc ferh|erdp*
m Ijsrec~`siej se p~}nrpsr~`s~rn; Fbeerp" \gbbp" Ijsnrjgb Fiqs~rnpgjc Fissijlp gjc _eefp*
m Ijsrec~`siej se nqsnrjgb |erdp*
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 5/20
m Pe`iebeli`gb `agjlnp" jn| sn`ajebely ij ijc~psry gjc
`ehhnr`n" jn| o~ibcijl `ecnp" esanr jn| bg|p gjcrnl~bgsiejp" ijfbgsiejgry n`ejehinp ef jgsiejp" gjc gcvgj`np
ij o~ibcijl sn`ajebely }bg`n gj nvnr(ij`rngpijl o~rcnj ej
o~ibcijl cnpiljnrp gjc `ejpsr~`serp*
m Sany jnnc hern gjc hern dje|bncln gjc pdibb se `e}n |isa
san cnhgjcp }bg`nc ej sanh*
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 6/20
m San }~obi` `ejsij~gbby cnhgjcp hern `eh}bnq o~ibcijlp sagj
ij san }gps*
m Sany h~ps pnrvn
‐ hern }~r}epnp"
‐ bgps bejlnr"
‐ gjc rnw~irn bnpp hgijsnjgj`n gjc rn}gir*
‐ Gp ij san }gps" sany h~ps beed gssrg`sivn*
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 7/20
m Yns oesa o~ibcijl `ejpsr~`siej gjc e}nrgsijl `epsp h~ps on
dn}s |isaij g``n}sgobn bihisp er jn| `ejpsr~`siej |ibb `ngpn*
m Se hnns saip `agbbnjln p~``nppf~bby" `ejsij~gb ih}revnhnjsp
ij o~ibcijl cnpilj gjc `ejpsr~`siej h~ps on hgcn*
m O~ibcijl cnpiljnrp gjc `ejpsr~`serp pae~bc on gbnrs se sanpn
sn`ajiw~np" gcvgj`nhnjsp gjc bngrj ae| se g}}by sanh
pdibbf~bby*
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 8/20
m Ij san }gps" cnpilj ef g jn| o~ibcijl |gp hgijby gj ihisgsiej ef
san cnpilj ef gj nqipsijl o~ibcijl* Ijjevgsiejp |nrn efsnjcnvnbe}nc fers~ise~pby gjc oy ijs~isiej gjc |nrn rgrn
e``~rrnj`np*
m Ejn gcvgj`n ef jesn se o~ibcijl cnpilj ip san gcg}sgsiej ef pypsnhp cnpilj* Ij `ejsrgps se goevn" pypsnhp cnpilj
nj`e~rglnp ijjevgsiej* Is ip g }rn`ipn }re`nc~rn sags l~icnp
`rngsivisy se|grc san onps cn`ipiejp* Gp g rnp~bs" is `gj }bgy gpiljifi`gjs rebn ij hnnsijl san `agbbnjlnp }epnc oy ij`rngpijl
o~ibcijl `eh}bnqisy gjc `epsp*
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 9/20
m Sanrn grn s|e lnjnrgb gp}n`sp se san
`ejpsr~`siej ef o~ibcijlp;
7* @ejvnjsiejgb er srgcisiejgb hnsaecp
?* Hecnrj er ijc~psrigbi{nc hnsaecp
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 10/20
m @ejvnjsiejgb gjc srgcisiejgb hnsaecp
‐ `ej`njsrgsn ej phgbbnr sy}n ef psr~`s~rn" p~`a gp g cehnpsi`
c|nbbijl ef ejn er s|e psernyp o~ibs oy bgoer ijsnjpivn
srgcisiejgb hnsaecp*
‐ Lnjnrgbby is ip hern n`ejehi`gb se `ejpsr~`s saip sy}n ef
o~ibcijl oy sanpn hnsaecp" ~jbnpp bgrln j~honrp ef pihibgr
~jisp grn rnw~irnc ej san pghn pisn*
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 11/20
m Hecnrj er ijc~psrigbi{nc hnsaecp
Ij sanpn `ir`~hpsgj`np n`ejehy ef p`gbn hgy k~psify
fg`sery hgj~fg`s~rnc" }rnfgori`gsnc nbnhnjsp ef
psr~`s~rn*
Sanpn ijc~psrigbi{nc hgj~fg`s~rijl }re`npp ~pnc
se }rec~`n `eh}bnsn nbnhnjsp" i*n* fbeerp" |gbbp" reef
frghnp" ns`* ij hec~bnp er psgjcgrci{nc cihnjpiejgb
ij`rnhnjsp !ef >= hh)*
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 12/20
m G o~ibcijl ip gj gppnhobgln sags ip firhby gssg`anc se san
lre~jc gjc sags }revicnp sesgb er jngrby sesgb panbsnr ferhg`aijnp" }re`nppijl nw~i}hnjs" }nrferhgj`n ef a~hgj
g`sivisinp" psergln ef a~hgj }eppnppiejp" er gjy `ehoijgsiej
ef sanpn*
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 13/20
m O~ibcijl cnpilj ip san }re`npp ef }revicijl gbb ijferhgsiej
jn`nppgry fer `ejpsr~`siej ef g o~ibcijl sags |ibb hnns ispe|jnr’p rnw~irnhnjsp gjc gbpe pgsipfy }~obi` angbsa" |nbfgrn"
gjc pgfnsy rnw~irnhnjsp*
‐ Gr`aisn`s~rn ip san grs gjc p`inj`n ef o~ibcijl cnpilj*
‐ O~ibcijl `ejpsr~`siej ip san }re`npp ef gppnhobijl hgsnrigbp
se ferh g o~ibcijl*
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 14/20
m O~ibcijl cnpilj hgy on bnlgbby nqn`~snc ejby oy }nrpejpcnnhnc `eh}nsnjs se ce pe oy san psgsn ij |ai`a san o~ibcijl
ip se on `ejpsr~`snc* @eh}nsnj`y ip cnsnrhijnc ej san ogpip ef nc~`gsiej"nq}nrinj`n" gjc goibisy se }gpp g |rissnj snps ef cnpilj pdibbp*
‐ Gr`aisn`sp grn }nrpejp bnlgbby }nrhissnc se }rg`si`ngr`aisn`s~rn*
‐ Njlijnnrp grn nq}nrsp ij p}n`ifi` p`injsifi` cip`i}bijnp gjc grnbnlgbby }nrhissnc se cnpilj }grsp ef o~ibcijlp4 ij pehn `gpnp"`eh}bnsn o~ibcijlp* Ij pehn `e~jsrinp" }nrpejp bi`njpnc gpo~ibcijl cnpiljnrp grn }nrhissnc se cnpilj `nrsgij sy}np ef o~ibcijlp*
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 15/20
m O~ibcijl `ejpsr~`siej ip lnjnrgbby }nrferhnc oy bgoernrp gjc
`rgfsp}ne}bn njlglnc fer san }~r}epn oy gj ijcivic~gb ererlgji{gsiej" `gbbnc g
m San `ejsrg`ser piljp gj glrnnhnjs" er `ejsrg`s" |isa san
o~ibcijl e|jnr ~jcnr |ai`a san `ejsrg`ser glrnnp se
`ejpsr~`s g p}n`ifi` o~ibcijl ej g p}n`ifinc pisn gjc san e|jnr
glrnnp se }gy fer san hgsnrigbp gjc pnrvi`np }revicnc*
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 16/20
m Fer g o~ibcijl se on srngsnc gp g pypsnh" gp rnw~irnc ij
pypsnhp cnpilj" is ip jn`nppgry se dje| |ags g pypsnh ip gjc|ags isp ogpi` `agrg`snripsi`p grn*
m
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 17/20
m San pih}bnps o~ibcijl pypsnh `ejpipsp ef ejby s|e
`eh}ejnjsp*
‐ Ejn `eh}ejnjs ip g fbeer" g fbgs" aeri{ejsgb p~rfg`n ej |ai`a
a~hgj g`sivisinp `gj sgdn }bg`n*
‐ San esanr `eh}ejnjs ip gj nj`bep~rn sags nqsnjcp evnr san
fbeer gjc lnjnrgbby gbpe gre~jc is se }revicn panbsnr freh san
|ngsanr fer a~hgj g`sivisinp*
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 18/20
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 19/20
m San }ersiej ef g o~ibcijl sags nqsnjcp goevn san lre~jc bnvnb
e~spicn is ip `gbbnc san p~}nrpsr~`s~rn*
m San }ersiej onbe| san e~spicn lre~jc bnvnb ip `gbbnc san
p~opsr~`s~rn*
m San }grsp ef san p~opsr~`s~rn sags cipsrio~sn o~ibcijl begcp se
san lre~jc grn dje|j gp fe~jcgsiejp*
7/30/2019 Introduction to Constrution
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-to-constrution 20/20
m Ij heps o~ibcijlp" san
p~}nrpsr~`s~rn psr~`s~rgbpypsnh `ejpipsp ef
‐ fbeer gjc reef cn`dp"
‐ aeri{ejsgb hnhonrp sags
p~}}ers sanh"
‐ gjc vnrsi`gb hnhonrp sags
p~}}ers san esanr `eh}ejnjsp*