Introduction to Design Decision Process

This process will involve some understanding of design and contract documentation. In it steps are for

mapping the space and the client’s requirements, interpretation of his ideas into design, and support it

with appropriate documentation.

Scope of Design Project

It should follow the parameters listed below:

Define

Date

Client Name

Address

Contact details (phone, Fax ,email)

Preliminary design concept

Budget available

Estimation of fees & contract document

Type of Project

Size of project

Expected time of completion of project

Receive any legal documents, titles, existing plans, etc.

Map the Project

Record date & time started

Freehand sketch of the room or space to be measured, positions of services and existing heating &

lighting.

Photo or video the rooms with existing furniture.

INTERIOR DESIGN PROCESS

Interviewing the client to decide their business objectives for the new space.

Taking an inventory of existing furniture, information on expansion plans etc.

Presentation to the client with 3 different concepts of proposed designs.

Preparation of working Drgs., electrical drawings, customized furniture drawings.

Sourcing all products for the project like carpet, paint, wallpapers, lighting, floor tiles etc.

Co-ordinate construction schedule according to the completion date.

GRAPHICS IN DESIGN PROCESS

SHAPE MEANING REMARKS

CIRCLE Creation Conceptual design, Design Development

SQUARE Implementation Contract Documents.

DIAMOND Evaluation Evaluation

ORIENTATION & SITE

The front of the building should ideally face North, NE, East. Facing South West is not good however if

overlook to open ground is good for winter sun solar energy until sunset. Maximum Windows & other

openings in East or North East is ideal for morning sun rays & fresh air , whereas not making the space

warm.

ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES

Almost applies to Vaastu principles of planning/ orientation of space.

Suitable color schemes.

Maintaining the existing service lines in case of apartments.

Having correct placement of ventilators, doors, windows in the room for effective thermal comfort.

Use of maintenance free durable furnishing materials to give comfort for round the seasons.

( elaborate your answer with examples)

ROLE OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS

Interior designing is about arranging, organizing, assembling & making plans for interior spaces. It is

about making the space look good, comfortable, and to give the illusion of space even for small areas.

Designers are authorized to take decisions and implements the approved designer concepts by the

clients, use suitable cost effective materials, suggest color schemes to make the space appealing.

There are numerous role to get the space furnished, after all interior designers the the lifestyle makers.

SPECIALITIES OF A GOOD DESIGNER

Some qualities are mentioned below:

ORIGINALITY: The ideas should be fresh & highly developed for every project.

VISIONARY: The skills to visualize the look to give to the space to be done, and to be able to convey the

concepts to the client easily to convince him to ahead with the concept.

Space Planning

Area provided for a personal purpose. It may have two dimensions ( length & breath), or three

dimensions ( length, breath, and height ).

UNITY:

Unified theme of the design that blends with the entire concepts.

The principle of Unity, as the name implies stresses on the fact that there should be a sense of

uniformity or harmony among all the 7 elements used. Interior design should serve as a visual guide for

a person to understand a living space, and without unity, the visual guide will only end up confusing the

person. All the elements used should complement one another and a smooth transition should exist

from one to another. A good understanding of Alignment of objects, Similarity of color/pattern/texture,

Proximity (spacing) of objects, Repetition (grouping) of elements based on similarity, Continuation and

Overlapping of interior design elements are a few ways to achieve ‘Unity’ in an interior design

arrangement.

FORM:

Visual elements determine the style of the space.

Form may be described as any three-dimensional object. Form can be measured, from top to bottom

(height), side to side (width), and from back to front (depth). Form is also defined by light and dark. It

can be defined by the presence of shadows on surfaces or faces of an object. There are two types of

form, geometric (man-made) and natural (organic form). Form may be created by the combining of two

or more shapes. It may be enhanced by tone, texture and color. It can be illustrated or constructed.

RHYTHM:

A careful repetition of design elements to create a harmonious effect.

Rhythm can be thought of as a pattern in movement. You can hear it in varied sounds to create music or

in the steady drip of a faucet. It can also be seen; think about lines in the sidewalk and how your

footsteps relate to the regular breaks. Rhythm can be seen and heard throughout nature and in our built

environment through repetition, alternation and progression. These three methods of achieving rhythm

can be applied to interior spaces as a way to introduce order, interest and focus, and to help lead your

eye through a room.

Repetition

Repetition is the simplest way to attain rhythm and can be achieved by repeating any of the elements of

design (line, colour, texture and pattern, light, and scale and proportion) or other design concepts in an

organized and regular way.

Progression

Rhythm can also be achieved through progression. Examples are a gradation of colour or a series of

objects that start small and become large in a very regular manner.

Transition is a little harder to define. Unlike repetition or progression, transition tends to be a smoother

flow, where the eye naturally glides from one area to another. The most common transition is the use of

a curved line to gently lead the eye, such as an arched doorway or winding path.

Finally, contrast is fairly straightforward. Putting two elements in opposition to one another, such as

black and white pillows on a sofa, is the hallmark of this design principle. Opposition can also be implied

by contrasts in form, such as circles and squares used together. Contrast can be quite jarring, and is

generally used to enliven a space. Be careful not to undo any hard work you’ve done using the other

mechanisms by introducing too much contrast!

UNIT 2

Bubble plan:

A bubble plan is a versatile diagram used for mapping content, illustrate the intersection of idea, space,

meaning and user experience. Before you begin to draw actual plan create simple architectural bubble

diagrams for floor plan. This will allow to play with the location of the rooms. After this one can do site

analysis, and pay attention to explore more options for best functional space and can optimize the use

of space.

Isometric View:

Three dimensional view drawn at 30 degree angle of any object. If the object is drawn at 45 degree the

same 3-D view is called Axonometric view.

Perspective View:

Two types of perspective view One point perspective view drawn with one vanishing point taken at 5’-0”

ht. It shows the view of room with emphasis on mainly one wall.

Two point perspective view is drawn with two vanishing point taken at the eye level at 5’-0”, which

mainly shows the corner view of any place.

( one must explain with sketch the view with all its parts like picture plane, horizon line etc.)

Floor Plan :

Floor plan of any area mainly shows the layout of that space. It shows the exact placement of furniture,

the gap and clearance between each furniture placed, moving passage, placement of doors & windows

etc. It also clearly indicate the flooring materials and the pattern on the floor.

Ceiling Plan:

The ceiling layout plan shows the pattern or the design on the main ceiling or suspended ceiling if given

along with the placement of lights and other electrical gadgets.

BASIC SIZES OF ROOMS

Bed room min 100sq ft. Kitchen & bathroom min. 30 sq. ft. Passages min. 3ft.

UNIT 3

PRESENTATION & CONCEPTS

Architectural design presentation techniques are just one of the two main areas you will be using architectural

drawing.

On one hand you can use drawing to generate ideas and concepts for your design work….

I mean probably by now you understand that just software alone isn’t enough to get good quality work.

In the long run just using design software is a dead end and it will get you stuck in the same vicious circle

of ideas… and in the long run this will damage the way you conceive architecture.

The other option is to use your drawing abilities for design presentations…

This way you focus your drawing abilities on graphics and getting really detailed final drawings.

It’s not enough to just draw whatever way you would like… the end product needs to have that polish to

it… so you need to apply certain design presentation techniques…

In this short article I will share with you the most important five presentation techniques which I apply

myself and I teach to my students.

Disclaimer: Although you will be able to get great results just by applying these presentation

techniques… you will need to have high quality design work to begin with.

You can’t get around that… it doesn’t work to have a bad design with good graphics… it will lack impact

and raise a lot of eyebrows…

The winning combination is a good design with fantastic graphics… that will definitely get you where you

want to be.

1.) Use Excellent Hatching

The main difference from a schisse ideas (which is done fast) and design presentations is the

hatching.You can tell when somebody took the extra time to get excellent hatching going…You can’t

fake it and it doesn’t matter how good of a graphic artist you have, you need that extra 1-2 hours of

drawing time for each A2 sheet of paper. Focus on getting all the shadow accents right, on getting

materials to look proper etc.

2.) Arrange Everything In A Composition

A design presentation needs to look like it’s been thoroughly thought out and planned

The way you can get this is by using several sketches to get the exact proportions right of each element

before the final draft.

You can even do a progression of several thumbnails until you land the composition idea which will work

perfectly for your design.

3.) Communicate Your Ideas Clearly

Contrast is good for getting all your pieces (facades, visuals, technical drawings) to pop out and thus be

read really clearly.

Contrast is essential for design sheets because it gives clarity, clarity in turn says that you are

dependable, clear and in your ideas and concepts.

And that alone will place you above the competition (most architectural graphics out there are boring,

stale and unoriginal)

4.) Exaggerate The Spatial Depth Of Your Design Sheet

Making your design presentation sheet look like a collage of different images will give it an extra

tridimensional feel… this in turn adds a lot of credibility and dimension to the overall concept of your

design.

In some cases (not that rare) if you design sheet is pinned up alongside other sheets it will stand out so

much that it literally makes other work look like a background for the main piece.

5.) Get The Design Layout To Express Your Main Concept

Product design sheet

Interior design

Urban Design

Landscape Design

These design presentation techniques work each and every time apply them in your own work.

EVERY ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING

ANE DESIGN CONCEPT AND

TECHNIQUE BROKEN DOWN,

ILLUSTRATED WITH LIVE EXAMPLES

OF WHAT DRAWING MASTERY

ACTUALLY LOOKS LIKE

1.) Personalised, easy to follow, step-by-step lessons that cover all

styles and types of architectural drawing.

2.) Efficient, fun, 'sniper rifle' type of lessons which will get you

success after success, skill after skill in drawing and design

3.)Psychology exercises to release your inner 'crazy artist' around

architecture and graphics.

4.)Friendly, positive and supportive work environment, constructive

criticism offered in precise and friendly manner

DRAWING TECHNIQUES USED BY DESIGNERS

Designers and architects use a range of drawing techniques, to sketch and draw design ideas. A designer must master a

variety of drawing techniques in order to be successful in their competitive world. The following drawing techniques are

often used by Product Designers:

Isometric Drawing, including free hand isometric.

Perspective Drawing.

Flow Charts.

Orthographic Projection.

Computer Aided Design.

Prototypes.

Mood Boards.

Drawing techniques / skills allow the designer to communicate his/her ideas to customers/clients and consumers, so that they

are clear and easy to understand. Presenting a design by using appropriate drawing and presentation techniques will

ultimately lead to good business.

(courtesy:Encyclopedia)

UNIT 4

working drawing

Definition

Blueprint or drawing that is subject to clarifications but is complete with enough plan and section views

(withdimensions, details, and notes) to enable the depicteditem's construction or replication without

additionalinformation.

Plans are a set of drawings or two-dimensional diagrams used to describe a place or object, or to

communicate building or fabricationinstructions. Usually plans are drawn or printed on paper, but they

can take the form of a digital file.

The term "plan" may casually be used to refer to a single view, sheet, or drawing in a set of plans. More

specifically a plan view is an orthographic projection looking down on the object, such as in a floor plan.

The process of producing plans, and the skill of producing them, is often referred to as technical

drawing. A working drawing is a type of technical drawing, which is part of the documentation needed

to build an engineering product orarchitecture. Typically in architecture these could include civil

drawings, architectural drawings, structural drawings,mechanical drawings, electrical drawings, and

plumbing drawings. In engineering, these drawings show all necessary data to manufacture a given

object, such as dimensions and angles.

Planning approach

There is no universal standard for sheet order, however the following describes a common approach:

General Information : The first sheets in a set may include notes, assembly descriptions, a rendering

of the project, or simply the project title.

Site : Site plans, including a key plan, appear before other plans and on smaller projects may be on

the first sheet. A project could require a landscape plan, although this can be integrated with the

site plan if the drawing remains clear.

Specific plans : Floor plans, starting with the lowest floor and ending with the roof plan usually

appear near the beginning of the set. Further, for example, reflected Ceiling Plans (RCP)s showing

ceiling layouts appear after the floor plans.

Elevations : Starting with the principal, or front elevation, all the building elevations appear after

the plans. Smaller residential projects may display the elevations before the plans. Elevation details

may appear on the same sheets as the building elevations.

Sections: Building sections that describe views cut through the entire building appear next, followed

by wall sections, then detail sections.

Details: Details may appear on any of the previous sheets, or may be collected to appear on detail

sheets. These details may include construction details that show how the components of the

building fit together. These details may also include millwork drawings or other interior details.

Schedules: Many aspects of a building must be listed as schedules on larger projects. These include

schedules for windows, doors, wall or floor finishes, hardware, landscaping elements, rooms, and

areas.

UNIT 5

MOODBOARD

An arrangement of images, materials, pieces of text, etc. intended to evoke or project a

particular style or concept.

A mood board is a type of collage consisting of images, text, and samples of objects in a composition.

They may be physical or digital, and can be "extremely effective" presentation tools.

To get a better understanding of someone’s preference for design, one of the most common

places to start is by creating a collection of different images, graphics, or examples of styles

you enjoy. This is often called a mood board.

Traditionally, mood boards are made from foam board which can be cut up with a scalpel and can

also have spray mounted cut-outs put onto it. Creating mood boards in a digital form may be easier

and quicker, especially when it comes to collaboration or modification of projects, but physical

objects often tend to have a higher impact on people because of the more complete palette of

sensations physical mood boards offer, in contrast with the digital mood boards. Mood boards can

also be painted.

A picture is worth a thousand words, and mood boards are a great tool to create

that picture for your client.

Things that can be explored in the mood board include photography style, color

palettes, typography, patterns, and the overall look and feel of the site.

Make sure that your choice of furniture, paints and fabrics work well together.

How to create a moodboard

Make sure that your choice of furniture, paints and fabrics work well together

If you prefer a more traditional way to create a moodboard then follow our tips on how to create

a 3D moodboard.

1. Gather your materials

Gather together all your decorating ideas, any inspiring images, fabric swatches and wallpaper

samples and create a storyboard on an A3-size piece of plain card or in a large, plain notebook.

2. Choose your base colour

Whether it's flooring or a wall colour, this represents the largest area of colour in your room, so

it's important to add a large sample of it to your moodboard. Adding carpet samples helps you

think about texture, too.

3. Add an accent

This is an important decision. Do you go for a dramatic contrast, or an accent just a few tones

away from your base colour? Use your moodboard to play around with options and layer up the

board with swatches and scraps.

4. Create mood with accessories

These will really set the tone for your decorating scheme - go for accessories which share a

vibrant accent colour (say, blue, as here) and stick to a single theme; maybe vintage, or country

or eastern. Don't get carried away and mix up different styles, or your scheme will end up

looking messy rather than eclectic.

Why to make a moodboard

If you're planning to redecorate, you might have seen lots of pictures that you

like in magazines, but you can't really get an idea of how that style or scheme

might work in your own house without trying it out on some scale.

A moodboard helps you focus and helps you keep your ideas together, so that

you don't start going over the top - it's a reminder of what you need and don't

need and what colours you want to work with. It's easy to get distracted and

start buying all sorts when you're redecorating, only to find it doesn't work

when it's all put together. A moodboard helps you sort this process out.

Group paint colours with wallpaper and flooring samples.

Fabric and furniture

(courtesy:Encyclopedia)