introduction to ecology february 20 th, 2015. ecology: deals with different levels of organization
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Introduction to Ecology February 20th, 2015
Ecology:
• deals with different levels of organization
Small to Big• Atom• Molecule• Cell• Organism/Species• Populations• Community• Ecosystem• Biomes• Biosphere
Species:
• Individual= one living thing, one organism• Species = a group of similar organisms
that can breed and produce fertile offspring
Populations
• Populations = a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
Community
• Communities = an assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area
Ecosystem• Ecosystem = all the organisms that live in
a place together with their physical environment
Biome = a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms
Biomes
Biosphere = all the organisms and physical environments of the entire world
Biosphere
8 Characteristics of Living Things
1) Made of cells
2) Have DNA
3) Maintain homeostasis (stable internal enviro.)
4) Respond to environment
5) Reproduce
6) Grow and develop
7) Obtain and use materials and energy
8) Groups of organisms evolve
Classifying Biotic Factors• studying the relatedness between species is called =
Taxonomy
Classifying Living Things/Biotic Factors
• Most familiar is the frame work created 250 years ago by Carl Linnaeus
• Organisms grouped in a taxon show a high degree of similarity
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
SpeciesBinomial nomenclature
Taxonomy Example• Domain: Eukarya• Kingdom:Animalia• Phylum:Chordata• Class:Mammalia• Order:Sirenia• Family:Trichechidae• Genus:Trichechus• Species: manatus
Binomial Nomenclature• Scientific Name
– Trichesus manatus– Trichesus manatus
• Common Name– West Indian Manatee
3 Domains
Classification: The Three Domains
Domain Archaea– Contains 1 kingdom – the Archaebacteria
Domain Bacteria– Has 1 kingdom – the Eubacteria
Domain Eukarya– Includes all kingdoms composed of organisms made up of eukaryotic cells
– Protista – Fungi – Animalia – Plantae
Prokaryotes:-No Nucleus
Eukaryotes:DNA in nucleus
Prokaryotes = “before nucleus”
• 2 Domains, 2 Kingdoms: – Bacteria and Archaea (more closely related to
Eukaryotes)• Simplest and oldest life forms• Cell wall, cell membranes• No membrane bound organelles• DNA not in a nucleus
Eukaryotes = “true nucleus”
• 1 Domains, 4 Kingdoms: – Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
• Membrane bound organelles• DNA in a nucleus
The 4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms
Protists
• single celled organisms• Some Photosynthetic• Some Heterotrophs
The 4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms
Fungi• Multicellular• Heterotrophs
The 4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms
Plantae:Plants
• Mostly multicellular• Photosynthetic
autotrophs with true vascular tissue
The 4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms
Animalia: Animals!
• Multicellular• Heterotrophs• Most are capable of
movement• Invertebrates vs.
vertebrates
Vocab so far…
• Ecology• Ecosystem• Habitat• Abiotic Factors• Biotic Factors• Environment• Species• Populations
• Communities• Biomes• Biosphere• Taxonomy• Binomial
Nomenclature• Eukaryotes• Prokaryotes