INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY

INTRODUCTION Ecology:

Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms with each other and their environment or surroundings.

Biosphere The biosphere is the portion of the planet where

life exists, including, land, water, air, or atmosphere.

Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Bio = life Biotic factors are things that are living or were

once living Examples: ?

A = not Abiotic factors are things that were never alive Examples: ?

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE

Organism= any individual living thing

BIOLOGY=__________________= ________________So what makesSomething Alive?

Study of living things

BacteriaImage from: http://analyzer.depaul.edu/astrobiology/kingdoms.jpg

The science of “LIFE”

1.Made of _________

2. _____________

3. Based on a _____________________

4. _______ and ____________

5.______ & ___ ________ & _______

6. ________ to their ____________

7.As a group, __________________

CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL LIVING THINGS

cells

Reproduce

universal genetic code

Grow develop

Obtain use materials energy

Respond environment

change over time

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: MADE OF CELLS

The _____ is the ______________.basic unit of life

http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/study_guides_bi.htm

CELL

ALL LIVING THINGSREPRODUCE

_____________________________________the___________________ from _____________________________

Seen in animals and plants

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp

combines

sperm + egg = baby

genetic material

2 parents

_________________________makes a new organismusing the ________________from _________________

Seen in bacteria, plants, and some animals

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Planaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm

ALL LIVING THINGSREPRODUCE

genetic materialONLY 1 PARENT

All living things share a universal genetic code

Hereditary material = DNA______________________

________________ with instructions for one _________is called a ________.

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

GENEImage from: http://sbchem.sunysb.edu/msl/dna.gif

Segment of DNAPROTEIN

_____________ organisms, like a bacterium, grow by ________________.

IMAGE BY RIEDELL

ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop

INCREASING in SIZE

SINGLE CELLED

Multicellular organisms grow bigger by __________________ AND _____________________.

increasing cell sizeincreasing cell number

Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG

IMAGE BY RIEDELL

ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop

ALL LIVING THINGSTake in Materials & Use Energy

To________________,organisms _______ a constant supply of

____________________ &

____________

This sheep uses the MOLECULES and ENERGYin the food it eats to make “more sheep”

grow and developneed

BUILDING MATERIALS

ENERGY!

http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif

ALL LIVING THINGSTAKE IN MATERIALS & USE ENERGY

___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to ________________

Ex: _____________ use ____________to turn _________ into _________

AUTOTROPHS

http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif

Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html

make their own food

GREEN PLANTS

sunlightphotosynthesis

glucose

ALL LIVING THINGSTAKE IN MATERIALS & USE ENERGY

______________ get their energy by___________________

Ex: ________ (including you) and _________________

HETEROTROPHS

 Image from: http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

consuming other organisms

Animalsmost bacteria

ALL LIVING THINGSRESPOND TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT

A signal to which an organism responds= ___________________

STIMULUS

 Image from: http://www.travel-net.com/~andrews/images/animations/traffic.gif

ALL LIVING THINGSRESPOND TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT

A stimulus can be_________________

Ex: When there is enough water and ground is warm enough, seed germinates. Roots respond to gravity & grow downward.Leaves respond to sunlight & grow up.

EXTERNAL

 Image from: http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/stimresp.jpg

http://www.nofretete-page.de/gemischtNeu/TN_plant_grow_w.JPG

ALL LIVING THINGSRESPOND TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT

A stimulus can be____________

Ex: When the glucose level in your bloodstream becomes low, your body responds by making you feel hungry.

 

http://www.israellycool.com/eat%20guy%20AFP.jpg

http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

INTERNAL

ALL LIVING THINGS

AS A GROUP, CHANGE OVER TIME = ______________

Allows _______ of ________ in a ___________

EVOLUTION

survivalspecies

changing world

http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=63386&rendTypeId=4

CFU

1. List three things that make something “living”?

2. Where do plants get their energy from if they don’t eat?

3. A virus is made of a protein shell (not an actual cell) and a small piece of genetic material. It can evolve and change over time. It can’t reproduce by itself or with another virus. It needs a host cell. Is a virus alive? Explain.

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Ecologists study different levels of

organization to understand relationships within the biosphere.

There are FIVE main levels of organization that ecologists study

LEVEL 1 – SPECIES Species – A group of organisms so similar to

one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.

Example: a porcupine, daisies, and red pandas are all different species

LEVEL 2 - POPULATION Population – A group of individuals that belong

to the same species, live in the same area, and can interbreed.

Example: These giraffes are members of a population

LEVEL 3 - COMMUNITY Community – All the populations that live

together in a specific area Example: All of the living things that live in

and around this stream live in the same community

LEVEL 4 - ECOSYSTEM Ecosystem – The community PLUS the

abiotic factors in an area. Example: Grass, trees, insects, frogs, light,

soil, sunlight, water

LEVEL 5 – BIOME Biome – A large area that has a particular

climate and particular species of plants and animals that live there

Example: Tropical rainforest (shown in dark green)

USE THE CHART TO SUMMARIZE YOUR INFORMATION

Level Name Example

1

2

3

4

5

CFU

For each slide, write on a half sheet of paper what stage/level of system we are looking at.

Be sure to look at the words AND pictures

RAINFORESTS

KOALAS IN AUSTRALIA

PENGUINS

ELEPHANT AND PLANTS

PEOPLE AND THEIR PETS

PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOIL, WATER

DESERT REGIONS

DEER IN ST LOUIS

FISH, WHALE, PLANTS, WATER

CLOUDS, CACTUS, SAND

TULIPS

COCKROACHES IN A DUMPSTER

PARROT AND TREE